51
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Zhao T, Wei Z, Song Y, Xu W, Hu W, Zhu D. Tetrathia[22]annulene[2,1,2,1]: physical properties, crystal structure and application in organic field-effect transistors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b709324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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52
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Kobayashi N, Koguchi R, Kijima M. Novel Blue Light Emitting Poly(N-arylcarbazol-2,7-ylene) Homopolymers: Syntheses and Properties. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061764n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Kobayashi
- Institute of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ryohei Koguchi
- Institute of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Masashi Kijima
- Institute of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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53
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Liou GS, Chen HW, Yen HJ. Poly(amine-amide-imide)s Bearing PendentN-Carbazolylphenyl Moieties: Synthesis and Electrochromic Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200600130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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54
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Zhao T, Liu Z, Song Y, Xu W, Zhang D, Zhu D. Novel Diethynylcarbazole Macrocycles: Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties. J Org Chem 2006; 71:7422-32. [PMID: 16958538 DOI: 10.1021/jo0611869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diethynylcarbazole macrocycles 1b and 2b have been synthesized by oxidative coupling of appropriate precursors. In particular, macrocycle 2b was prepared by bimolecular Pd-catalyzed oxidative coupling in 35% isolated yield. The spectroscopic properties of these macrocycles and their precursors were measured in detail. The films of these macrocycles by the dipping method and the Langmuir-Blodgett technique were fabricated to study their photoinduced charge-transfer properties. A rapid and steady cathodic photocurrent of these films was produced in a three-electrode cell when irradiated with white light. A possible mechanism of the photoinduced electron-transfer pathway was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, PRC
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55
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Liou GS, Hsiao SH, Huang NK, Yang YL. Synthesis, Photophysical, and Electrochromic Characterization of Wholly Aromatic Polyamide Blue-Light-Emitting Materials. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0608469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guey-Sheng Liou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, 1 University Road, Puli, Nantou Hsien 545, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Tatung University, 40 Chungshan North Road, 3rd Sec., Taipei 104, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Huei Hsiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, 1 University Road, Puli, Nantou Hsien 545, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Tatung University, 40 Chungshan North Road, 3rd Sec., Taipei 104, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Nan-Kun Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, 1 University Road, Puli, Nantou Hsien 545, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Tatung University, 40 Chungshan North Road, 3rd Sec., Taipei 104, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, 1 University Road, Puli, Nantou Hsien 545, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Tatung University, 40 Chungshan North Road, 3rd Sec., Taipei 104, Taiwan, Republic of China
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56
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Zhang N, Hayer A, Al-Suti MK, Al-Belushi RA, Khan MS, Köhler A. The effect of delocalization on the exchange energy inmeta- andpara-linked Pt-containing carbazole polymers and monomers. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:244701. [PMID: 16821990 DOI: 10.1063/1.2200351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel platinum-containing carbazole monomers and polymers was synthesized and fully characterized by UV-VIS absorption, luminescence, and photoinduced absorption studies. In these compounds, a carbazole unit is incorporated into the main chain via either a para- or a meta-linkage. We discuss the effects of linkage and polymerization on the energy levels of S1, T1, and Tn. The S1-T1 splitting observed for the meta-linked monomer (0.4 eV) is only half of that in the para-linked monomer (0.8 eV). Upon polymerization, the exchange energy in the para-linked compound reduces, yet still remains larger than in the meta-linked polymer. We attribute the difference in exchange energy to the difference in wave function overlap between electron and hole in these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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57
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58
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Liou GS, Chen HW, Yen HJ. Synthesis and photoluminescent and electrochromic properties of aromatic poly(amine amide)s bearing pendentN-carbazolylphenyl moieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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59
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Liou GS, Hsiao SH, Chen HW. Novel high-Tg poly(amine-imide)s bearing pendent N-phenylcarbazole units: synthesis and photophysical, electrochemical and electrochromic properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b602133f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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60
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Fu Y, Bo Z. Synthesis, Optical, and Electrochemical Properties of the High-Molecular-Weight Conjugated Polycarbazoles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200500478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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61
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Liu CL, Chen WC. Fluorene-Based Conjugated Poly(azomethine)s: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Theoretical Electronic Structures. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200500236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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62
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Lebouch N, Garreau S, Louarn G, Belletête M, Durocher G, Leclerc M. Structural Study of the Thermochromic Transition in Poly(2,5-dialkyl-p-phenyleneethynylene)s. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051342y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Lebouch
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4; Laboratoire de Physique Cristalline, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, B.P. 32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France; and Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Sébastien Garreau
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4; Laboratoire de Physique Cristalline, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, B.P. 32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France; and Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Guy Louarn
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4; Laboratoire de Physique Cristalline, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, B.P. 32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France; and Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Michel Belletête
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4; Laboratoire de Physique Cristalline, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, B.P. 32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France; and Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Gilles Durocher
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4; Laboratoire de Physique Cristalline, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, B.P. 32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France; and Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4; Laboratoire de Physique Cristalline, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, B.P. 32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France; and Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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63
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Belletête M, Morin JF, Leclerc M, Durocher G. A Theoretical, Spectroscopic, and Photophysical Study of 2,7-Carbazolenevinylene-Based Conjugated Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:6953-9. [PMID: 16834054 DOI: 10.1021/jp051349h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A combined theoretical and experimental study of the structure, optical, and photophysical properties of four 2,7-carbazolenevinylene-based derivatives in solution is presented. Geometry optimizations of the ground states of PCP, PCP-CN, TCT, and TCT-CN were carried out using the density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP/6-31G*). It is found that PCP and TCT are nearly planar in their ground electronic states (S0), whereas the cyano derivatives are more twisted. The nature and the energy of the first singlet-singlet electronic transitions have been obtained from time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations performed on the optimized geometries. For all the compounds, excitation to the S1 state corresponds mainly to the promotion of one electron from the highest-occupied molecular orbital to the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital, and the S1 <-- S0 electronic transition is strongly allowed and polarized along the long axis of the molecular frame. The optimization (relaxation) of the first singlet excited electronic state (S1) has been done using the restricted configuration interaction (singles) (RCIS/6-31G*) approach. It is observed that all four investigated compounds become more planar in their S1 relaxed excited state. Electronic transition energies from the relaxed excited states have been obtained from TDDFT calculations performed on the S1-optimized geometries. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the carbazolenevinylenes have been recorded in chloroform. A good agreement is obtained between TDDFT vertical transitions energies and the (0,0) absorption and fluorescence bands. The change from phenylene to thiophene rings as well as the incorporation of cyano substituents induce bathochromic shifts in the absorption and fluorescence spectra. From the analysis of the energy of the frontier molecular orbitals, it is believed that thiophene rings and CN substituents induce some charge-transfer character to the first electronic transition, which is responsible for the red shifts observed. Finally, the fluorescence quantum yield and the lifetime of the compounds in chloroform have been obtained. In sharp contrast with many oligothiophenes, it is observed that TCT possesses a high fluorescence quantum yield. On the other hand, the CN-containing derivatives exhibit much lower fluorescence quantum yields, probably due to the combined influence of steric effects and charge-transfer interactions caused by the cyano groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Belletête
- Laboratoire de photophysique moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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64
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65
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Belletête M, Bouchard J, Leclerc M, Durocher G. Photophysics and Solvent-Induced Aggregation of 2,7-Carbazole-Based Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048202t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Belletête
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada H3C 3J7, and Canada Research Chair in Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Centre de recherche en sciences et ingénierie des macromolécules, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Qc, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Jimmy Bouchard
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada H3C 3J7, and Canada Research Chair in Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Centre de recherche en sciences et ingénierie des macromolécules, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Qc, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada H3C 3J7, and Canada Research Chair in Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Centre de recherche en sciences et ingénierie des macromolécules, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Qc, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Gilles Durocher
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada H3C 3J7, and Canada Research Chair in Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Centre de recherche en sciences et ingénierie des macromolécules, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Qc, Canada G1K 7P4
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66
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Belletête M, Bédard M, Bouchard J, Leclerc M, Durocher G. Spectroscopic and photophysical properties of carbazole-based triads. CAN J CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/v04-096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A study of the spectroscopy and photophysics of four carbazole-based triads, namely, 1,4-bis(N-octylcarbazol-2-yl)phenylene (CPC), 2,5-bis(N-octylcarbazol-2-yl)thiophene (CTC), 2,7-bis(N-octylcarbazol-2-yl)-9,9-dihexylfluorene (CFC), and 2,7-bis(N-octylcarbazol-2-yl)-N-octylcarbazole (CCC) are reported. From ZINDO/S calculations performed on the optimized ground state geometries (HF/6-31G*), the S1 ← S0 and S2 ← S0 electronic transitions of CPC, CFC, and CCC are weakly allowed, whereas the S3 ← S0 electronic transition is dipole-allowed (x axis) and possesses a high value of the oscillator strength. On the other hand, for CTC, the dipole-allowed electronic transition is S1 ← S0. For the four derivatives, the dipole-allowed transition corresponds mainly to the promotion of an electron from the HOMO to the LUMO. The first absorption band of each derivative can be assigned to the dipole-allowed transition. The geometry optimization of the excited states has been done with RCIS/6-31G* ab initio calculations. For CPC, CFC, and CCC, S3 is much more stabilized than S1 and S2, causing a crossing of the singlet excited states (S3 becomes lower in energy than S1 and S2). Emission energies from the first relaxed excited states (S1 → S0) have been obtained from ZINDO/S calculations performed on the optimized S1 geometries (RCIS/6-31G*). It is found that these energies are in very good agreement with those determined from the fluorescence spectra. Going from CPC to CTC, the replacement of a phenylene ring by a thiophene unit induces a red shift in the absorption and fluorescence spectra. This behavior is interpreted in terms of the electron donor properties of the thiophene ring. The increase of the oligomer chain (CFC and CCC compared to CPC) also induces bathochromic shifts in the spectra because of a longer electronic delocalization along the molecular frame. From fluorescence data, it is observed that a more planar conformation is favored in the relaxed excited states. RCIS/6-31G* ab initio calculations performed on the S1 relaxed excited states confirm this statement. Finally, the photophysical properties of CTC are mainly governed by nonradiative processes (knr), whereas the variation in the photophysics of CPC, CFC, and CCC mainly involves radiative processes (kF).Key words: electronic spectroscopy, fluorescence, photophysics, ab initio calculations, excited states.
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67
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Wang F, Lai YH, Han MY. Stimuli-Responsive Conjugated Copolymers Having Electro-Active Azulene and Bithiophene Units in the Polymer Skeleton: Effect of Protonation and p-Doping on Conducting Properties. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035335q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuke Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Yee-Hing Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Ming-Yong Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
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Bouchard J, Wakim S, Leclerc M. Synthesis ofN‐Octyl‐2,7‐dimethoxy‐1,8‐bistrimethylsilyl‐3,6‐dibromocarbazole. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-200026205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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