51
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Peeters H, Koeckelberghs G. Conformational Behavior of Conjugated Polymers With Oligo(phenylene vinylene) Side Chains. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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52
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Kohn P, Huettner S, Steiner U, Sommer M. Fractionated Crystallization of Defect-Free Poly(3-hexylthiophene). ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:1170-1175. [PMID: 35607189 DOI: 10.1021/mz3003769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fractionated crystallization (FC), a chain-sorting mechanism by length, is identified in well-defined, low molecular weight, and defect-free regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) by X-ray scattering and calorimetry of bulk samples. While wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) qualitatively suggests that the degree of crystallinity is similar in all investigated samples, the melting enthalpies are largely different. We ascribe this to intricacies in the integration of the melting and crystallization peaks in calorimetric experiments, which is caused by FC occurring over a large temperature range. The extent of FC decreases with increasing molecular weight and increases with increasing polydispersity. The temperature-dependent investigation of the long period LP and the (100)-WAXS reflection of a sample in which FC is absent allows to disentangle effects from main-chain and side-chain crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Kohn
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - S. Huettner
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - U. Steiner
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - M. Sommer
- Melville Laboratory
for Polymer Synthesis, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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53
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Vakhshouri K, Gomez ED. Effect of Crystallization Kinetics on Microstructure and Charge Transport of Polythiophenes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:2133-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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54
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Patel SN, Javier AE, Beers KM, Pople JA, Ho V, Segalman RA, Balsara NP. Morphology and thermodynamic properties of a copolymer with an electronically conducting block: poly(3-ethylhexylthiophene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide). NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:4901-4906. [PMID: 22839306 DOI: 10.1021/nl302454c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and morphology of a block copolymer, poly(3-(2'-ethylhexyl)thiophene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (P3EHT-b-PEO), that conducts both electrons and ions. We show that in the melt state the P3EHT-b-PEO chains self-assemble to produce traditional nanoscale morphologies such as lamellae and gyroid. This is in contrast to a majority of previous studies on copolymers with electronically conducting blocks wherein a nanofibrillar morphology is obtained. Our approach enables estimation of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, χ. The segregation strength between the two blocks is controlled through the addition of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). For the salt-free sample, the gyroid morphology, obtained in the melt state, is transformed into lamellae below the melting temperature of the P3EHT block. This is due to the "breaking out" of the crystalline phase. For the salt-containing sample, P3EHT-b-PEO has a lamellar morphology in both melt and crystalline states (confined crystallization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrayesh N Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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55
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Rivnay J, Mannsfeld SCB, Miller CE, Salleo A, Toney MF. Quantitative Determination of Organic Semiconductor Microstructure from the Molecular to Device Scale. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5488-519. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 939] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305,
United States
| | - Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation
Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park,
California 94025, United States
| | - Chad E. Miller
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation
Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park,
California 94025, United States
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305,
United States
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation
Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park,
California 94025, United States
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56
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Burkhart B, Khlyabich PP, Thompson BC. Influence of the Ethylhexyl Side-Chain Content on the Open-Circuit Voltage in rr-Poly(3-hexylthiophene-co-3-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene) Copolymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Burkhart
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon
Research
Institute, and Center for Energy Nanoscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661,
United States
| | - Petr P. Khlyabich
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon
Research
Institute, and Center for Energy Nanoscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661,
United States
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon
Research
Institute, and Center for Energy Nanoscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661,
United States
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57
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Woo CH, Piliego C, Holcombe TW, Toney MF, Fréchet JMJ. A Quantitative Correlation between the Mobility and Crystallinity of Photo-Cross-Linkable P3HT. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202203z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire H. Woo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Claudia Piliego
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas W. Holcombe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United
States
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California
94205, United States
| | - Jean M. J. Fréchet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United
States
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology,
Thuwal, Saudi Arabia 23955-6900
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58
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Viterisi A, Gispert-Guirado F, Ryan JW, Palomares E. Formation of highly crystalline and texturized donor domains in DPP(TBFu)2:PC71BM SM-BHJ devices via solvent vapour annealing: implications for device function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31235b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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