Ligands Dominate Highly Syndioselective Polymerization of Styrene by Using Constrained-geometry-configuration Rare-earth Metal Precursors

Copolymerization of propylene with styrene and ethylene by a THF-containing half-sandwich scandium catalyst: efficient synthesis of polyolefins with a controllable styrene content

A novel family of multi-block propylene–styrene copolymers with syndiotactic styrene–styrene blocks and random propylene–ethylene–styrene terpolymers with a broad composition range were obtained by using (C₅Me₄SiMe₃)Sc(CH₂SiMe₃)₂(THF).

Highly Active and Isospecific Styrene Polymerization Catalyzed by Zirconium Complexes Bearing Aryl-substituted [OSSO]-Type Bis(phenolate) Ligands

[OSSO]-type dibenzyl zirconium(IV) complexes 9 and 10 possessing aryl substituents ortho to the phenoxide moieties (ortho substituents, phenyl and 2,6-dimethylphenyl (Dmp)) were synthesized and characterized. Upon activation with dMAO (dried methylaluminoxane), complex 9 was found to promote highly isospecific styrene polymerizations ([mm] = 97.5%–99%) with high molecular weights M_w up to 181,000 g·mmol⁻¹. When the Dmp-substituted pre-catalyst 10/dMAO system was used, the highest activity, over 7700 g·mmol(10)⁻¹·h⁻¹, was recorded involving the formation of precisely isospecific polystyrenes of [mm] more than 99%.

Polymerization of conjugated dienes with a homogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalytic system based on a carbon-bridged bis(phenolate) yttrium alkyl complex

1,3-Diene polymerization with some controllable characteristics was carried out and catalyzed by a triisobutylaluminum modified MAO activated complex [(EDBP)Y(CH₂SiMe₃)(THF)₃].

Mono(boratabenzene) rare-earth metal dialkyl complexes: synthesis, structure and catalytic behaviors for styrene polymerization

Four mono(boratabenzene) rare-earth metal dialkyl complexes, [(3,5-Me2-C5H3BR)Ln(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)] (1: R = NEt2, Ln = Sc; 2: R = NEt2, Ln = Lu; 3: R = Ph, Ln = Sc; 4: R = Ph, Ln = Lu), were synthesized efficiently via a one-pot strategy with Li[3,5-Me2-C5H3BR] (R = NEt2, Ph), LnCl3(THF)x (Ln = Sc, x = 3; Ln = Lu, x = 0), and LiCH2SiMe3. The solid-state structures of 1 and 2 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Variable-temperature NMR studies indicated that the energy barrier for the rotation of aminoboratabenzene in 1 (ΔG‡ ≈ 71 kJ mol−1) is higher than that of phenylboratabenzene in 3 (ΔG‡ ≈ 59 kJ mol−1). These mono(boratabenzene) rare-earth metal dialkyl complexes’ catalytic behaviors for styrene polymerization were investigated, and found that mono(boratabenzene) scandium dialkyl complexes show high catalytic activities for syndiotactic polymerization upon activation with cocatalysts.

Rare-earth metal bis(alkyl) complexes bearing pyrrolidinyl-functionalized cyclopentadienyl, indenyl and fluorenyl ligands: synthesis, characterization and the ligand effect on isoprene polymerization

The ligand effect on isoprene polymerization was investigated using rare-earth metal bis(alkyl) complexes bearing pyrrolidinyl-functionalized cyclopentadienyl, indenyl and fluorenyl ligands.

Syndioselective coordination polymerization of unmasked polar methoxystyrenes using a pyridenylmethylene fluorenyl yttrium precursor

A new family of syndiotactic polystyrene derivatives containing a methoxyl group was established successfully by employing a yttrium catalyst.

Bis(alkyl) rare-earth complexes supported by a new tridentate amidinate ligand with a pendant diphenylphosphine oxide group. Synthesis, structures and catalytic activity in isoprene polymerization

The introduction of a pendant Ph₂P(O) group into an amidinate ligand resulted in high 1,4-cis selectivity (96.6%) while maintaining very high activity.

Reactivity of halfsandwich rare-earth metal methylaluminates toward potassium (2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)amide and 1-adamantylamine

Donor functionalities drastically affect salt-metathetical methylaluminato–amido exchange reactions in Cp^RLn(AlMe₄)₂ by triggering methylaluminate cleavage and C–H bond activation of proximal aliphatic groups.

High temperature ethylene polymerization catalyzed by titanium(IV) complexes with tetradentate aminophenolate ligands in cis-O, N, N chelating mode

A series of titanium trichloride complexes , ligated with claw-type tetradentate aminophenolate ligands were synthesized from the direct reaction of TiCl4(THF)2 with 1 equiv. of the corresponding aminophenol in the presence of triethylamine. For comparison purposes, titanium isopropoxide complexes were also synthesized via the reaction of Ti(O(i)Pr)4 and 1 equiv. of the proligand. Similar reactions of ZrCl4(THF)2 with the corresponding aminophenol ligands in the presence of triethylamine only allowed the isolation of zirconium complex . The X-ray diffraction studies reveal that titanium trichloride complexes , and titanium triisopropoxide complex all possess a distorted octahedral geometry with the tetradentate aminophenolate ligand in cis-O, N, N chelating mode, where the methoxy group of the aryl unit does not coordinate with the metal center in the solid state. Upon activation with MMAO, these titanium and zirconium(iv) complexes exhibited moderate to high catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization at 30-120 °C, producing high-molecular-weight polyethylenes with broad distributions (Mw/Mn = 10.2-34.8). The activities of titanium trichloride complexes are significantly higher than those of titanium isopropoxide and zirconium trichloride complexes at high temperatures. The highest activity of 15 456 kg (mol-Ti h)(-1) could be achieved by titanium trichloride complex with bromo groups on both ortho- and para-positions of the phenolate ring of the ligand at 120 °C.