51
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Zhao W, Su Y, Wen X, Wang D. Manipulating crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) by functionalized nanoparticle inclusion. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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52
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Medidhi KR, Padmanabhan V. Diffusion of polymer-grafted nanoparticles in a homopolymer matrix. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:044905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5084146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koteswara Rao Medidhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - Venkat Padmanabhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
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53
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Isarn I, Gamardella F, Fernàndez-Francos X, Serra À, Ferrando F. Thermal Conductive Composites Prepared by Addition of Several Ceramic Fillers to Thermally Cationic Curing Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E138. [PMID: 30960122 PMCID: PMC6401976 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel composite coatings prepared from 3,4-epoxy cyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (ECC) and different ceramic fillers have been prepared to improve the thermal dissipation of electronic devices. As latent cationic initiator, a benzylanilinium salt with triethanolamine has been used, which leads to a polyether matrix. Different proportions of Al₂O₃, AlN and SiC as fillers were added to the reactive formulation. The effect of the fillers selected and their proportions on the evolution of the curing was studied by calorimetry and rheometry. The thermal conductivity, thermal stability, thermal expansion coefficient and thermomechanical and mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. An improvement of 820% in thermal conductivity in reference to the neat material was reached with a 75 wt % of AlN, whereas glass transition temperatures higher than 200 °C were determined in all the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Isarn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Av. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Francesco Gamardella
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Francos
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Àngels Serra
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Ferrando
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Av. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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54
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Dispersion state of carbon black in polystyrene produced with different dispersion media and its effects on composite rheological properties. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-018-0149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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55
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56
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High Impact Polystyrene/CNT nanocomposites: Application of volume segregation strategy and behavior under extensional deformation. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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57
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58
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Ashraf MA, Peng W, Zare Y, Rhee KY. Effects of Size and Aggregation/Agglomeration of Nanoparticles on the Interfacial/Interphase Properties and Tensile Strength of Polymer Nanocomposites. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:214. [PMID: 30019092 PMCID: PMC6049851 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, several simple equations are suggested to investigate the effects of size and density on the number, surface area, stiffening efficiency, and specific surface area of nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposites. In addition, the roles of nanoparticle size and interphase thickness in the interfacial/interphase properties and tensile strength of nanocomposites are explained by various equations. The aggregates/agglomerates of nanoparticles are also assumed as large particles in nanocomposites, and their influences on the nanoparticle characteristics, interface/interphase properties, and tensile strength are discussed. The small size advantageously affects the number, surface area, stiffening efficiency, and specific surface area of nanoparticles. Only 2 g of isolated and well-dispersed nanoparticles with radius of 10 nm (R = 10 nm) and density of 2 g/cm3 produce the significant interfacial area of 250 m2 with polymer matrix. Moreover, only a thick interphase cannot produce high interfacial/interphase parameters and significant mechanical properties in nanocomposites because the filler size and aggregates/agglomerates also control these terms. It is found that a thick interphase (t = 25 nm) surrounding the big nanoparticles (R = 50 nm) only improves the B interphase parameter to about 4, while B = 13 is obtained by the smallest nanoparticles and the thickest interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wanxi Peng
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Yasser Zare
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 Republic of Korea
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59
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Wang H, Hor JL, Zhang Y, Liu T, Lee D, Fakhraai Z. Dramatic Increase in Polymer Glass Transition Temperature under Extreme Nanoconfinement in Weakly Interacting Nanoparticle Films. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5580-5587. [PMID: 29792676 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Properties of polymers in polymer nanocomposites and nanopores have been shown to deviate from their respective bulk properties due to physical confinement as well as polymer-particle interfacial interactions. However, separating the confinement effects from the interfacial effects under extreme nanoconfinement is experimentally challenging. Capillary rise infiltration enables polymer infiltration into nanoparticle (NP) packings, thereby confining polymers within extremely small pores and dramatically increasing the interfacial area, providing a good system to systematically distinguish the role of each effect on polymer properties. In this study, we investigate the effect of spatial confinement on the glass transition temperature ( Tg) of polystyrene (PS) infiltrated into SiO2 NP films. The degree of confinement is tuned by varying the molecular weight of polymers, the size of NPs (diameters between 11 and 100 nm, producing 3-30 nm average pore sizes), and the fill-fraction of PS in the NP films. We show that in these dense NP packings the Tg of confined PS, which interacts weakly with SiO2 NPs, significantly increases with decreasing pore size such that for the two molecular weights of PS studied the Tg increases by up to 50 K in 11 nm NP packings, while Tg is close to the bulk Tg in 100 nm NP packings. Interestingly, as the fill-fraction of PS is decreased, resulting in the accumulation of the polymer in the contacts between nanoparticles, hence an increased specific interfacial area, the Tg further increases relative to the fully filled films by another 5-8 K, indicating the strong role of geometrical confinement as opposed to the interfacial effects on the measured Tg values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Jyo Lyn Hor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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60
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Kumar SK, Ganesan V, Riggleman RA. Perspective: Outstanding theoretical questions in polymer-nanoparticle hybrids. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:020901. [PMID: 28711055 DOI: 10.1063/1.4990501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This topical review discusses the theoretical progress made in the field of polymer nanocomposites, i.e., hybrid materials created by mixing (typically inorganic) nanoparticles (NPs) with organic polymers. It primarily focuses on the outstanding issues in this field and is structured around five separate topics: (i) the synthesis of functionalized nanoparticles; (ii) their phase behavior when mixed with a homopolymer matrix and their assembly into well-defined superstructures; (iii) the role of processing on the structures realized by these hybrid materials and the role of the mobilities of the different constituents; (iv) the role of external fields (electric, magnetic) in the active assembly of the NPs; and (v) the engineering properties that result and the factors that control them. While the most is known about topic (ii), we believe that significant progress needs to be made in the other four topics before the practical promise offered by these materials can be realized. This review delineates the most pressing issues on these topics and poses specific questions that we believe need to be addressed in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanat K Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025, USA
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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61
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Pirner D, Dulle M, Förster S. Viscoelastic properties and reinforcement of non-aggregated and aggregated nanocomposites. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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62
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Gundlach N, Hentschke R. Modelling Filler Dispersion in Elastomers: Relating Filler Morphology to Interface Free Energies via SAXS and TEM Simulation Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10040446. [PMID: 30966481 PMCID: PMC6415453 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of rubber are strongly influenced by the distribution of filler within the polymer matrix. Here, we introduce a Monte Carlo-based morphology generator. The basic elements of our model are cubic cells, which, in the current version, can be either silica filler particles or rubber volume elements in adjustable proportion. The model allows the assignment of surface free energies to the particles according to whether a surface represents, for instance, ‘naked’ silica or silanised silica. The amount of silanisation is variable. We use a nearest-neighbour site-exchange Monte Carlo algorithm to generate filler morphologies, mimicking flocculation. Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) as well as small angle scattering (SAS) intensities can be calculated along the Monte Carlo trajectory. In this work, we demonstrate the application of our morphology generator in terms of selected examples. We illustrate its potential as a tool for screening studies, relating interface tensions between the components to filler network structure as characterised by TEM and SAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Gundlach
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bergische Universität, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Hentschke
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bergische Universität, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany.
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63
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Fabrication of Homogeneous Metal-Organic Hybrid Composite from Copper Containing Methacrylate Copolymer Through Layer-by-Layer Film Processing and e-Beam Irradiation. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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64
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Lepcio P, Ondreas F, Zarybnicka K, Zboncak M, Caha O, Jancar J. Bulk polymer nanocomposites with preparation protocol governed nanostructure: the origin and properties of aggregates and polymer bound clusters. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:2094-2103. [PMID: 29487934 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00150b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) hold great promise as future lightweight functional materials processable by additive manufacturing technologies. However, their rapid deployment is hindered by their performance depending strongly on the nanoparticle (NP) spatial organization. Therefore, the ability to control nanoparticle dispersion in the process of PNC preparation is a crucial prerequisite for utilizing their potential in functional composites. We report on the bulk processing technique of tailored NP spatial organization in a model glass forming polymer matrix controlled by structural and kinetic variables of the preparation protocol. Namely, we studied the impact of solvent on the NP arrangement, which was already known as a tuning parameter of the solid-state structure. We emphasized the qualitative differences between "poorly dispersed" NP arrays, which, by combination of rheological assessment and structural analysis (TEM, USAXS), we identified as chain bound clusters and aggregates of either thermodynamic or kinetical origin. They are characterized by substantially distinct formation kinetics and mismatched properties compared to each other and individually dispersed NPs. We quantitatively linked all the currently observed types of NP dispersion with their rheological properties during the solution blending step and the amount of polymer adsorption and depletion attraction. We propose the ratio of NP-polymer and NP-solvent enthalpy of adsorption as a parameter capable of the quantitative prediction of NP arrangement in systems similar to our current model PNC. Finally, we bring forth the comparison of glass transition temperatures to further demonstrate the importance of NP spatial organization in PNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Lepcio
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic.
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65
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Isarn I, Ramis X, Ferrando F, Serra A. Thermoconductive Thermosetting Composites Based on Boron Nitride Fillers and Thiol-Epoxy Matrices. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E277. [PMID: 30966312 PMCID: PMC6415032 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the effect of the addition of boron nitride (BN) fillers in a thiol-cycloaliphatic epoxy formulation has been investigated. Calorimetric studies put into evidence that the kinetics of the curing has been scarcely affected and that the addition of particles does not affect the final structure of the network. Rheologic studies have shown the increase in the viscoelastic properties on adding the filler and allow the percolation threshold to be calculated, which was found to be 35.5%. The use of BN agglomerates of bigger size increases notably the viscosity of the formulation. Glass transition temperatures are not affected by the filler added, but Young's modulus and hardness have been notably enhanced. Thermal conductivity of the composites prepared shows a linear increase with the proportion of BN particle sheets added, reaching a maximum of 0.97 W/K·m. The addition of 80 μm agglomerates, allowed to increase this value until 1.75 W/K·m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Isarn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Av. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Ramis
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Ferrando
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Av. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Angels Serra
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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66
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Musino D, Genix AC, Chaussée T, Guy L, Meissner N, Kozak R, Bizien T, Oberdisse J. Aggregate Formation of Surface-Modified Nanoparticles in Solvents and Polymer Nanocomposites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3010-3020. [PMID: 29443532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new method based on the combination of small-angle scattering, reverse Monte Carlo simulations, and an aggregate recognition algorithm is proposed to characterize the structure of nanoparticle suspensions in solvents and polymer nanocomposites, allowing detailed studies of the impact of different nanoparticle surface modifications. Experimental small-angle scattering is reproduced using simulated annealing of configurations of polydisperse particles in a simulation box compatible with the lowest experimental q-vector. Then, properties of interest like aggregation states are extracted from these configurations and averaged. This approach has been applied to silane surface-modified silica nanoparticles with different grafting groups, in solvents and after casting into polymer matrices. It is shown that the chemistry of the silane function, in particular mono- or trifunctionality possibly related to patch formation, affects the dispersion state in a given medium, in spite of an unchanged alkyl-chain length. Our approach may be applied to study any dispersion or aggregation state of nanoparticles. Concerning nanocomposites, the method has potential impact on the design of new formulations allowing controlled tuning of nanoparticle dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Musino
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C) , Université de Montpellier, CNRS , F-34095 Montpellier , France
| | - Anne-Caroline Genix
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C) , Université de Montpellier, CNRS , F-34095 Montpellier , France
| | - Thomas Chaussée
- Solvay Silica , 15 rue Pierre Pays BP52 , 69660 Collonges au Mont d'Or , France
| | - Laurent Guy
- Solvay Silica , 15 rue Pierre Pays BP52 , 69660 Collonges au Mont d'Or , France
| | | | - Radoslaw Kozak
- Synthos Spółka Akcyjna , Chemików 1 , 32600 Oświęcim , Poland
| | - Thomas Bizien
- SOLEIL Synchrotron , L'Orme des Merisiers , Gif-Sur-Yvette , 91192 Saint-Aubin France
| | - Julian Oberdisse
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C) , Université de Montpellier, CNRS , F-34095 Montpellier , France
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67
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Dalmas F, Pearson S, Gary B, Chenal JM, Bourgeat-Lami E, Prévot V, Chazeau L. Tailored microstructure and mechanical properties of nanocomposite films made from polyacrylic/LDH hybrid latexes synthesized by RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
New layered double hydroxide (LDH)-filled nanocomposites with tunable microstructures and mechanical properties obtained from film-forming latexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Dalmas
- Université de Lyon
- INSA-Lyon
- CNRS MATEIS UMR5510
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
- France
| | - Samuel Pearson
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CPE Lyon
- CNRS
- UMR 5265
| | - Baptiste Gary
- Université de Lyon
- INSA-Lyon
- CNRS MATEIS UMR5510
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
- France
| | - Jean-Marc Chenal
- Université de Lyon
- INSA-Lyon
- CNRS MATEIS UMR5510
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
- France
| | | | - Vanessa Prévot
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- ICCF
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Laurent Chazeau
- Université de Lyon
- INSA-Lyon
- CNRS MATEIS UMR5510
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
- France
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68
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Song L, Wang Z, Tang X, Chen L, Chen P, Yuan Q, Li L. Visualizing the Toughening Mechanism of Nanofiller with 3D X-ray Nano-CT: Stress-Induced Phase Separation of Silica Nanofiller and Silicone Polymer Double Networks. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Song
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory Cultivation
Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Tang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pinzhang Chen
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxi Yuan
- Beijing
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
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69
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Shui Y, Su Y, Kuang X, Zhao W, Cai Y, Wang D. Facile and controllable synthesis of hybrid silica nanoparticles densely grafted with poly(ethylene glycol). POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Shui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Yunlan Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; China
| | - Xiao Kuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; China
| | - Yuanli Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; China
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70
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You W, Yu W, Zhou C. Cluster size distribution of spherical nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposites: rheological quantification and evidence of phase separation. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4088-4098. [PMID: 28540378 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00632b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, it is a great challenge to characterize the dispersion quality of nanoparticles in nanocomposites through experimental techniques. In this work, we suggest a new rheological method based on the strain rate amplification effect to determine the cluster size distribution in polymer nanocomposites. The dispersion exponents of nanoparticles from this rheological method are in good agreement with the cluster analysis of transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. We also obtain a critical value of the dispersion exponent from the effective specific surface area of clusters, which separates the well-dispersed state and the phase-separated state. Our results indicate that rheology can be used as a convenient and effective structural analysis method to characterize the nanoparticle cluster size distribution in polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei You
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
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71
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Peng Z, Li Q, Li H, Hu Y. Polyethylene-Modified Nano Silica and Its Fine Dispersion in Polyethylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchuan Peng
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering
Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering
Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Huayi Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering
Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Youliang Hu
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering
Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
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72
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73
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Chubarova EV, Lebedeva MF, Melenevskaya EY, Shamanin VV. Destructive changes of polymer matrices during preparation, storage, and mechanical testing of neat and C 60-filled polystyrene films. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Chubarova
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds; Laboratory of Polymerization Mechanisms and Polymer Synthesis; 199004 Bolshoi pr. 31 St.-Petersburg Russia
| | - Marina F. Lebedeva
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds; Laboratory of Mechanics of Polymers and Composites; 199004 Bolshoi pr. 31 St.-Petersburg Russia
| | - Elena Yu. Melenevskaya
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds; Laboratory of Polymerization Mechanisms and Polymer Synthesis; 199004 Bolshoi pr. 31 St.-Petersburg Russia
| | - Valerii V. Shamanin
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds; Laboratory of Polymerization Mechanisms and Polymer Synthesis; 199004 Bolshoi pr. 31 St.-Petersburg Russia
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74
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Nagaraja SM, Mujtaba A, Beiner M. Quantification of different contributions to dissipation in elastomer nanoparticle composites. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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75
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López AB, de la Cal JC, Asua JM. Direct Synthesis of Fractal Polymer Dispersions by Miniemulsion Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28117502 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fractal colloids, which find applications in the preparation of advanced materials, are currently synthesized by means of a multistep procedure that yields a low solids content dispersion. This is not well suited for certain applications such as superhydrophobic coatings. In this work, a one-step method for the synthesis of higher solids content waterborne fractal polymer dispersions is presented and it is shown that the surfaces obtained from the fractal dispersions are superhydrophobic (contact angle, θ > 150°) which is beyond the current waterborne coating technology (θ = 130°-137°). This opens the possibility for the large-scale production of waterborne superhydrophobic coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B López
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - José C de la Cal
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - José M Asua
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
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76
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Kumar SK, Benicewicz BC, Vaia RA, Winey KI. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Are Polymer Nanocomposites Practical for Applications? Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanat K. Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Brian C. Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Richard A. Vaia
- Materials and Manufacturing
Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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77
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Abstract
Fractals are remarkable examples of self-similarity where a structure or dynamic pattern is repeated over multiple spatial or time scales. However, little is known about how fractal stimuli such as fractal surfaces interact with their local environment if it exhibits order. Here we show geometry-induced formation of fractal defect states in Koch nematic colloids, exhibiting fractal self-similarity better than 90% over three orders of magnitude in the length scales, from micrometers to nanometres. We produce polymer Koch-shaped hollow colloidal prisms of three successive fractal iterations by direct laser writing, and characterize their coupling with the nematic by polarization microscopy and numerical modelling. Explicit generation of topological defect pairs is found, with the number of defects following exponential-law dependence and reaching few 100 already at fractal iteration four. This work demonstrates a route for generation of fractal topological defect states in responsive soft matter.
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78
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Zhao W, Su Y, Gao X, Qian Q, Chen X, Wittenbrink R, Wang D. Confined crystallization behaviors in polyethylene/silica nanocomposites: Synergetic effects of interfacial interactions and filler network. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yunlan Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xia Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Qingyun Qian
- ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Research & Development Co., Ltd; No. 1099 Zixing Road, Minhang District Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Xin Chen
- ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Research & Development Co., Ltd; No. 1099 Zixing Road, Minhang District Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Robert Wittenbrink
- ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Research & Development Co., Ltd; No. 1099 Zixing Road, Minhang District Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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79
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Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Vietnam Modified Natural Rubber via Grafting with Styrene. INT J POLYM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/4956102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic mechanical behavior of modified deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) prepared by graft copolymerization with various styrene contents was investigated at a wide range of temperatures. Graft copolymerization of styrene onto DPNR was performed in latex stage using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHPO) and tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA) as redox initiator. The mechanical properties were measured by tensile test and the viscoelastic properties of the resulting graft copolymers at wide range of temperature and frequency were investigated. It was found that the tensile strength depends on the grafted polystyrene; meanwhile the dynamic mechanical properties of the modification of DPNR meaningfully improved with the increasing of both homopolystyrene and grafted polystyrene compared to DPNR. The dynamic mechanical properties of graft copolymer over a large time scale were studied by constructing the master curves. The value of bT has been used to prove the energetic and entropic elasticity of the graft copolymer.
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80
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81
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Kim S, Hyun K, Struth B, Ahn KH, Clasen C. Structural Development of Nanoparticle Dispersion during Drying in Polymer Nanocomposite Films. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunhyung Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kyu Hyun
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Jangjeon-Dong 30, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyung Hyun Ahn
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Clasen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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82
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Jouault N, Jestin J. Intra- and Interchain Correlations in Polymer Nanocomposites: A Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Extrapolation Method. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1095-1099. [PMID: 35658187 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this Letter we applied for the first time a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) extrapolation method to study the influence of nanoparticles (NPs) on polymer chain conformation in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). This new approach is based on a perfect NP matching thanks to a statistical hydrogenated (H)/ deuterated (D) polymer matrix in which a certain amount of labeled chain (H) is added. The extrapolation to zero H content gives the intrachain structure factor, S1(q), and the interchain correlations, S2(q), the latter not being accessible under the zero average contrast (ZAC) condition preferentially used in the previous studies. We validate the method on well-known silica/polystyrene (PS) PNCs and compare the results with our previous ZAC measurements. The analysis of both S1(q) and S2(q) shows (i) no significant modifications of the radius of gyration Rg of the chain and of the interchain interaction induced by the presence of NPs and more interestingly (ii) the existence of chain domains with lower densities included inside NP clusters as the result of excluded volume effects that create an extra scattering at low q. The extrapolation method unambiguously shows that the unexpected behavior observed at low q comes from the chains and not from the unmatched NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jouault
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire PHENIX, Case
51, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Jestin
- Laboratoire
Léon Brillouin (LLB), CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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83
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Kosugi K, Arai H, Zhou Y, Kawahara S. Formation of organic–inorganic nanomatrix structure with nanosilica networks and its effect on properties of rubber. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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84
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Zhao D, Di Nicola M, Khani MM, Jestin J, Benicewicz BC, Kumar SK. Role of block copolymer adsorption versus bimodal grafting on nanoparticle self-assembly in polymer nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:7241-7247. [PMID: 27502154 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01396a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We compare the self-assembly of silica nanoparticles (NPs) with physically adsorbed polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) copolymers (BCP) against NPs with grafted bimodal (BM) brushes comprised of long, sparsely grafted PS chains and a short dense carpet of P2VP chains. As with grafted NPs, the dispersion state of the BCP NPs can be facilely tuned in PS matrices by varying the PS coverage on the NP surface or by changes in the ratio of the PS graft to matrix chain lengths. Surprisingly, the BCP NPs are remarkably better dispersed than the NPs tethered with bimodal brushes at comparable PS grafting densities. We postulate that this difference arises because of two factors inherent in the synthesis of the NPs: In the case of the BCP NPs the adsorption process is analogous to the chains being "grafted to" the NP surface, while the BM case corresponds to "grafting from" the surface. We have shown that the "grafted from" protocol yields patchy NPs even if the graft points are uniformly placed on each particle. This phenomenon, which is caused by chain conformation fluctuations, is exacerbated by the distribution function associated with the (small) number of grafts per particle. In contrast, in the case of BCP adsorption, each NP is more uniformly coated by a P2VP monolayer driven by the strongly favorable P2VP-silica interactions. Since each P2VP block is connected to a PS chain we conjecture that these adsorbed systems are closer to the limit of spatially uniform sparse brush coverage than the chemically grafted case. We finally show that the better NP dispersion resulting from BCP adsorption leads to larger mechanical reinforcement than those achieved with BM particles. These results emphasize that physical adsorption of BCPs is a simple, effective and practically promising strategy to direct NP dispersion in a chemically unfavorable polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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85
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Fu G, Chang X, Mao J, Shi X. Insights into the Reinforcement of Butyl Rubber by Carbon Black and Silica with the Aid of Their Dynamic Properties. J MACROMOL SCI B 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2016.1217760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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86
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Serenko OA, Muzafarov AM. Polymer composites with surface modified SiO2 nanoparticles: Structures, properties, and promising applications. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238216010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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87
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Wu F, Zhang S, Chen Z, Zhang B, Yang W, Liu Z, Yang M. Interfacial relaxation mechanisms in polymer nanocomposites through the rheological study on polymer/grafted nanoparticles. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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88
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Hart JM, Kimani SM, Hutchings LR, Grillo I, Hughes AV, Clarke N, Garcia-Sakai V, Rogers SE, Mendis B, Thompson RL. Spontaneous Nanoparticle Dispersal in Polybutadiene by Brush-Forming End-Functional Polymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabelle Grillo
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Arwel V. Hughes
- ISIS
Pulsed Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Victoria Garcia-Sakai
- ISIS
Pulsed Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Sarah E. Rogers
- ISIS
Pulsed Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
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89
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Heinz H, Ramezani-Dakhel H. Simulations of inorganic-bioorganic interfaces to discover new materials: insights, comparisons to experiment, challenges, and opportunities. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:412-48. [PMID: 26750724 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00890e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural and man-made materials often rely on functional interfaces between inorganic and organic compounds. Examples include skeletal tissues and biominerals, drug delivery systems, catalysts, sensors, separation media, energy conversion devices, and polymer nanocomposites. Current laboratory techniques are limited to monitor and manipulate assembly on the 1 to 100 nm scale, time-consuming, and costly. Computational methods have become increasingly reliable to understand materials assembly and performance. This review explores the merit of simulations in comparison to experiment at the 1 to 100 nm scale, including connections to smaller length scales of quantum mechanics and larger length scales of coarse-grain models. First, current simulation methods, advances in the understanding of chemical bonding, in the development of force fields, and in the development of chemically realistic models are described. Then, the recognition mechanisms of biomolecules on nanostructured metals, semimetals, oxides, phosphates, carbonates, sulfides, and other inorganic materials are explained, including extensive comparisons between modeling and laboratory measurements. Depending on the substrate, the role of soft epitaxial binding mechanisms, ion pairing, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and conformation effects is described. Applications of the knowledge from simulation to predict binding of ligands and drug molecules to the inorganic surfaces, crystal growth and shape development, catalyst performance, as well as electrical properties at interfaces are examined. The quality of estimates from molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations is validated in comparison to measurements and design rules described where available. The review further describes applications of simulation methods to polymer composite materials, surface modification of nanofillers, and interfacial interactions in building materials. The complexity of functional multiphase materials creates opportunities to further develop accurate force fields, including reactive force fields, and chemically realistic surface models, to enable materials discovery at a million times lower computational cost compared to quantum mechanical methods. The impact of modeling and simulation could further be increased by the advancement of a uniform simulation platform for organic and inorganic compounds across the periodic table and new simulation methods to evaluate system performance in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Heinz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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90
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Bouty A, Petitjean L, Chatard J, Matmour R, Degrandcourt C, Schweins R, Meneau F, Kwasńiewski P, Boué F, Couty M, Jestin J. Interplay between polymer chain conformation and nanoparticle assembly in model industrial silica/rubber nanocomposites. Faraday Discuss 2016; 186:325-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00130g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The question of the influence of nanoparticles (NPs) on chain dimensions in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) has been treated mainly through the fundamental way using theoretical or simulation tools and experiments on well-defined model PNCs. Here we present the first experimental study on the influence of NPs on the polymer chain conformation for PNCs designed to be as close as possible to industrial systems employed in the tire industry. PNCs are silica nanoparticles dispersed in a styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR) matrix whose NP dispersion can be managed by NP loading with interfacial coatings or coupling additives usually employed in the manufacturing mixing process. We associated specific chain (d) labeling, and the so-called zero average contrast (ZAC) method, with SANS, in situ SANS and SAXS/TEM experiments to extract the polymer chain scattering signal at rest for non-cross linked and under stretching for cross-linked PNCs. NP loading, individual clusters or connected networks, as well as the influence of the type, the quantity of interfacial agent and the influence of the elongation rate have been evaluated on the chain conformation and on its related deformation. We clearly distinguish the situations where the silica is perfectly matched from those with unperfected matching by direct comparison of SANS and SAXS structure factors. Whatever the silica matching situation, the additive type and quantity and the filler content, there is no significant change in the polymer dimension for NP loading up to 15% v/v within a range of 5%. One can see an extra scattering contribution at low Q, as often encountered, enhanced for non-perfect silica matching but also visible for perfect filler matching. This contribution can be qualitatively attributed to specific h or d chain adsorption on the NP surface inside the NP cluster that modifies the average scattering neutron contrast of the silica cluster. Under elongation, NPs act as additional cross-linking junctions preventing chain relaxation and giving a deformation of the chain with the NP closer to a theoretical phantom network prediction than a pure matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Bouty
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin
- 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
- France
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN
- F-63 040 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex 9
| | - Laurent Petitjean
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN
- F-63 040 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex 9
- France
| | - Julien Chatard
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN
- F-63 040 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex 9
- France
| | - Rachid Matmour
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN
- F-63 040 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex 9
- France
| | | | | | | | | | - François Boué
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin
- 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
- France
| | - Marc Couty
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN
- F-63 040 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex 9
- France
| | - Jacques Jestin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin
- 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
- France
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91
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Weng G, Chang A, Fu K, Kang J, Ding Y, Chen Z. Crack growth mechanism of styrene-butadiene rubber filled with silica nanoparticles studied by small angle X-ray scattering. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26238k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Crack growth mechanism of styrene-butadiene rubber influenced by silica nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengsheng Weng
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- P. R. China
| | - Aijun Chang
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- P. R. China
| | - Kun Fu
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Yaxuan Ding
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongren Chen
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- P. R. China
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92
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Baeza GP, Genix AC, Paupy-Peyronnet N, Degrandcourt C, Couty M, Oberdisse J. Revealing nanocomposite filler structures by swelling and small-angle X-ray scattering. Faraday Discuss 2016; 186:295-309. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00117j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites are used widely, mainly for the industrial application of car tyres. The rheological behavior of such nanocomposites depends in a crucial way on the dispersion of the hard filler particles – typically silica nanoparticles embedded in a soft polymer matrix. It is thus important to assess the filler structure, which may be quite difficult for aggregates of nanoparticles of high polydispersity, and with strong interactions at high loading. This has been achieved recently using a coupled TEM/SAXS structural model describing the filler microstructure of simplified industrial nanocomposites with grafted or ungrafted silica of high structural disorder. Here, we present an original method capable of reducing inter-aggregate interactions by swelling of nanocomposites, diluting the filler to low-volume fractions. Note that this is impossible to reach by solid mixing due to the large differences in viscoelasticity between the composite and the pure polymer. By combining matrix crosslinking, swelling in a good monomer solvent, and post-polymerization of these monomers, it is shown that it is possible to separate the filler into small aggregates. The latter have then been characterized by electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering, confirming the conclusions of the above mentioned TEM-SAXS structural model applied directly to the highly loaded cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem P. Baeza
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C)
- UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier
- F-34095 Montpellier
- France
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN
| | - Anne-Caroline Genix
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C)
- UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier
- F-34095 Montpellier
- France
| | | | - Christophe Degrandcourt
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN
- Site de Ladoux
- F-63 040 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - Marc Couty
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN
- Site de Ladoux
- F-63 040 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - Julian Oberdisse
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C)
- UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier
- F-34095 Montpellier
- France
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93
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Zhao W, Su Y, Gao X, Xu J, Wang D. Interfacial effect on confined crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide)/silica composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yunlan Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xia Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- DSM Resolve; P.O. Box 18 6160 MD Gleen The Netherlands
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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94
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Baeza GP, Oberdisse J, Alegria A, Saalwächter K, Couty M, Genix AC. Depercolation of aggregates upon polymer grafting in simplified industrial nanocomposites studied with dielectric spectroscopy. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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95
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Structure and dynamics of polymer nanocomposites studied by X-ray and neutron scattering techniques. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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96
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Zhao D, Ge S, Senses E, Akcora P, Jestin J, Kumar SK. Role of Filler Shape and Connectivity on the Viscoelastic Behavior in Polymer Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shufan Ge
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Erkan Senses
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle
Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Pinar Akcora
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle
Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Jacques Jestin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Laboratoire
Léon Brillouin, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Sanat K. Kumar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
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97
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Tao R, Simon SL. Pressure-volume-temperature and glass transition behavior of silica/polystyrene nanocomposite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas Tech University; Lubbock Texas 79409-3121
| | - Sindee L. Simon
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas Tech University; Lubbock Texas 79409-3121
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98
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Georgiopoulos P, Kontou E. Τhe effect of wood-fiber type on the thermomechanical performance of a biodegradable polymer matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Georgiopoulos
- Department of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences; Section of Mechanics; National Technical University of Athens; GR-15773 Athens Greece
| | - Evagelia Kontou
- Department of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences; Section of Mechanics; National Technical University of Athens; GR-15773 Athens Greece
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99
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Kim S, Hyun K, Moon JY, Clasen C, Ahn KH. Depletion stabilization in nanoparticle-polymer suspensions: multi-length-scale analysis of microstructure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:1892-1900. [PMID: 25611871 DOI: 10.1021/la504578x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the mechanism of depletion stabilization and the resultant microstructure of aqueous suspensions of nanosized silica and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Rheology, small-angle light scattering (SALS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques enable us to analyze the microstructure at broad length scale from single particle size to the size of a cluster of aggregated particles. As PVA concentration increases, the microstructure evolves from bridging flocculation, steric stabilization, depletion flocculation to depletion stabilization. To our surprise, when depletion stabilization occurs, the suspension shows the stabilization at the cluster length scale, while maintaining fractal aggregates at the particle length scale. This sharply contrasts previously reported studies on the depletion stabilization of microsized particle and polymer suspensions, which exhibits the stabilization at the particle length scale. On the basis of the evaluation of depletion interaction, we propose that the depletion energy barrier exists between clusters rather than particles due to the comparable size of silica particle and the radius gyration of PVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhyung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, University of Leuven , W. de Croylaan 46, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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100
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Tao R, Simon SL. Bulk and shear rheology of silica/polystyrene nanocomposite: Reinforcement and dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas Tech University; Lubbock Texas 79409-3121
| | - Sindee L. Simon
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas Tech University; Lubbock Texas 79409-3121
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