51
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52
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Lu X, Song DP, Ribbe A, Watkins JJ. Chiral Arrangements of Au Nanoparticles with Prescribed Handedness Templated by Helical Pores in Block Copolymer Films. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Lu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dong-po Song
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alexander Ribbe
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - James J. Watkins
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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53
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Liu X, Zhou C, Xia H, Zhou Y, Jiang W. Dissipative particle dynamics simulation on the self-assembly of linear ABC triblock copolymers under rigid spherical confinements. E-POLYMERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2016-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough a great deal of unique nanostructures were already obtained from polymer self-assemblies in terms of conventional parameters, the self-assembly under the confinement is still not well understood. Here, dissipative particle dynamics simulations were used to explore the self-assemble behaviors of linear ABC triblock copolymers under rigid spherical confinements. First several unusual morphologies, such as multilayer onion, coupled helix, and stacked lamella, were distinguished from the total 210 simulations. Second, the influences of three important parameters (block sequence, wall selectivity, and spherical radius) on the morphologies were discussed in detail. Finally, the dynamics evolution of several typical aggregates was examined. This simulation enriches micelle morphologies for the self-assembly of linear ABC triblock copolymers under rigid spherical confinements and is helpful to understand the formation of valuable nanostructures from linear ABC terpolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900 Mianyang, China
| | - Honggang Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116000 Dalian, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900 Mianyang, China
| | - Weidong Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
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54
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Cheng MH, Hsu YC, Chang CW, Ko HW, Chung PY, Chen JT. Blending Homopolymers for Controlling the Morphology Transitions of Block Copolymer Nanorods Confined in Cylindrical Nanopores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:21010-21016. [PMID: 28558189 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The microphase separation of block copolymers in confined geometries has been widely investigated over the last few decades. The controllability and versatility of the confinement-induced morphologies, however, are still difficult to be achieved because of the limited experimental parameters in the process of fabricating the confined nanostructures. In this work, we study the morphology transitions of lamellae-forming polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) nanorods confined in the nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The nanorods are formed by solvent-assisted template wetting, and the morphologies are compared to those in the bulk state. By blending PS-b-PDMS with homopolystyrene (hPS), the morphologies of the nanorods can be controlled because of the changes of the effective volume fractions. Special morphology transitions from concentric lamellar morphology, to multihelical morphology, and finally to spherical-like morphology are observed by increasing the weight ratios of hPS. hPS with different molecular weights is also applied to investigate the effect of hPS on the morphologies of the PS-b-PDMS/hPS blend nanostructures. The unusual morphologies are further confirmed by a selective removal process, which also generates nanochannels for possible refilling with functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Yu-Chen Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Hao-Wen Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Pei-Yun Chung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
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55
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Jinnai H, Higuchi T, Zhuge X, Kumamoto A, Batenburg KJ, Ikuhara Y. Three-Dimensional Visualization and Characterization of Polymeric Self-Assemblies by Transmission Electron Microtomography. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1293-1302. [PMID: 28525260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling structures and their dynamical processes in polymeric systems have been investigated using three-dimensional transmission electron microscopy (3D-TEM). Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assemble into nanoscale periodic structures called microphase-separated structures, a deep understanding of which is important for creating nanomaterials with superior physical properties, such as high-performance membranes with well-defined pore size and high-density data storage media. Because microphase-separated structures have become increasingly complicated with advances in precision polymerization, characterizing these complex morphologies is becoming increasingly difficult. Thus, microscopes capable of obtaining 3D images are required. In this article, we demonstrate that 3D-TEM is an essential tool for studying BCP nanostructures, especially those self-assembled during dynamical processes and under confined conditions. The first example is a dynamical process called order-order transitions (OOTs). Upon changing temperature or pressure or applying an external field, such as a shear flow or electric field, BCP nanostructures transform from one type of structure to another. The OOTs are examined by freezing the specimens in the middle of the OOT and then observing the boundary structures between the preexisting and newly formed nanostructures in three-dimensions. In an OOT between the bicontinuous double gyroid and hexagonally packed cylindrical structures, two different types of epitaxial phase transition paths are found. Interestingly, the paths depend on the direction of the OOT. The second example is BCP self-assemblies under confinement that have been examined by 3D-TEM. A variety of intriguing and very complicated 3D morphologies can be formed even from the BCPs that self-assemble into simple nanostructures, such as lamellar and cylindrical structures in the bulk (in free space). Although 3D-TEM is becoming more frequently used for detailed morphological investigations, it is generally used to study static nanostructures. Although OOTs are dynamical processes, the actual experiment is done in the static state, through a detailed morphological study of a snapshot taken during the OOT. Developing time-dependent nanoscale 3D imaging has become a hot topic. Here, the two main problems preventing the development of in situ electron tomography for polymer materials are addressed. First, the staining protocol often used to enhance contrast for electrons is replaced by a new contrast enhancement based on chemical differences between polymers. In this case, no staining is necessary. Second, a new 3D reconstruction algorithm allows us to obtain a high-contrast, quantitative 3D image from fewer projections than is required for the conventional algorithm to achieve similar contrast, reducing the number of projections and thus the electron beam dose. Combining these two new developments is expected to open new doors to 3D in situ real-time structural observation of polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Jinnai
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Higuchi
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Xiaodong Zhuge
- Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Akihito Kumamoto
- Institute
of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kees Joost Batenburg
- Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
- Mathematical
Institute, Leiden University, RA Leiden 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Yuichi Ikuhara
- Institute
of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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56
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Russell TP, Chai Y. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Putting the Squeeze on Polymers: A Perspective on Polymer Thin Films and Interfaces. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Beijing
Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Chai
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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57
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58
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Chang CW, Chi MH, Ko HW, Chu CW, Fang ZX, Tu YH, Chen JT. Selective solvent-induced reconstruction in confined space: one-dimensional mesoporous block copolymer structures in cylindrical nanopores. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00579b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of polymer nanostructures confined in cylindrical nanopores via a novel selective solvent-induced reconstruction process is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Mu-Huan Chi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wen Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Chu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Xuan Fang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
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59
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Mu D, Li JQ, Feng SY. Mechanistic investigations of confinement effects on the self-assembly of symmetric amphiphilic copolymers in thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21938-21945. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02019h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a copolymer thin film, whose molecular structure is composed of one hydrophobic branch (denoted in green) and two hydrophilic branches (denoted in red), gives (a) cylindrical structure, (b) micellar structure, and (c) lamellar structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Mu
- Institute of Research on the Structure and Property of Matter
- Zaozhuang University
- China
| | - Jian-Quan Li
- Opto-Electronic Engineering College
- Zaozhuang University
- China
| | - Sheng-Yu Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
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60
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Yang T, Tian S, Zhu Y, Li W. Perfectly Ordered Patterns Formed by a Heterogeneous Nucleation Process of Block Copolymer Self-Assembly Under Rectangular Confinement. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13787-13794. [PMID: 27959561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous nucleation process during the phase separation of binary blends of the AB diblock and the C homopolymer induced by rectangular confinement is studied by cell dynamics simulation based on the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory. The main goal is to yield large-scale ordered hexagonal patterns by tailoring the surface potentials of the sidewalls. Our study reveals a crucial condition to induce the desired heterogeneous nucleation process in which the nucleated domain grains grow and merge into a defect-free pattern. Specifically, nucleations are induced simultaneously by two parallel sidewalls with a strong surface potential, whereas the spontaneous nucleation and the heterogeneous nucleation at the other two walls with a weak surface potential are suppressed. Moreover, the confinement effect of the other two walls can ensure that the two rows of nucleated domains have correlated positions. Importantly, we find that the ordering process under the crucial condition exhibits a high tolerance to the rectangular sizes. Only a few defects in thousands of domains are occasionally caused that are observed to be annihilated in a short-annealing time via various mechanisms. This study may provide a facile route to prepare large-scale ordered patterns via a simple rectangular confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Information Sensing & Intelligent Desert, School of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University , Yinchuan 750021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Siwen Tian
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Information Sensing & Intelligent Desert, School of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University , Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Information Sensing & Intelligent Desert, School of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University , Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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61
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Yan N, Zhu Y, Jiang W. Self-Assembly of AB Diblock Copolymer Confined in a Soft Nano-Droplet: A Combination Study by Monte Carlo Simulation and Experiment. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:12023-12029. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yutian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
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62
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Cheng MH, Ko HW, Chung PY, Chang CW, Chen JT. Morphology control of three-dimensional nanostructures in porous templates using lamella-forming block copolymers and solvent vapors. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8087-8092. [PMID: 27714291 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01157h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The microphase separation behavior of block copolymers confined in cylindrical nanopores has been extensively investigated. Recently, the solvent-annealing-induced nanowetting in templates (SAINT) method has been demonstrated to be a versatile approach for the infiltration of block copolymers into the nanopores of porous templates. The function of the annealing solvents, however, is still not well understood, especially in the morphology control of the fabricated block copolymer nanostructures. In this work, we elucidate the function of the annealing solvents in the SAINT method using a lamella-forming block copolymer, polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS), and anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. By changing the composition of the annealing solvents, different morphologies such as the concentric lamellar morphology, the winding cylinder morphology, and the irregular hybrid morphology are observed, mainly caused by the annealing-solvent-induced volume change. The morphology of the block copolymer nanostructures can be further confirmed using an HF solution to remove the PDMS domain selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010.
| | - Hao-Wen Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010.
| | - Pei-Yun Chung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010.
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010.
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010.
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63
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Deng H, Qiang Y, Zhang T, Li W, Yang T. Chiral selection of single helix formed by diblock copolymers confined in nanopores. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:15961-15969. [PMID: 27536966 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05043c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chiral selection has attracted tremendous attention from the scientific communities, especially from biologists, due to the mysterious origin of homochirality in life. The self-assembly of achiral block copolymers confined in nanopores offers a simple but useful model of forming helical structures, where the helical structures possess random chirality selection, i.e. equal probability of left-handedness and right-handedness. Based on this model, we study the stimulus-response of chiral selection to external conditions by introducing a designed chiral pattern onto the inner surface of a nanopore, aiming to obtain a defect-free helix with controllable homochirality. A cell dynamics simulation based on the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory is carried out to demonstrate the tuning effect of the patterned surface on the chiral selection. Our results illustrate that the chirality of the helix can be successfully controlled to be consistent with that of the tailored surface patterns. This work provides a successful example for the stimulus response of the chiral selection of self-assembled morphologies from achiral macromolecules to external conditions, and hence sheds light on the understanding of the mechanism of the stimulus response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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64
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Self-assembly of tiling-forming ABC star triblock copolymers in cylindrical nanotubes: A study of self-consistent field theory. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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65
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Avalos E, Higuchi T, Teramoto T, Yabu H, Nishiura Y. Frustrated phases under three-dimensional confinement simulated by a set of coupled Cahn-Hilliard equations. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:5905-5914. [PMID: 27337660 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00429f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We numerically study a set of coupled Cahn-Hilliard equations as a means to find morphologies of diblock copolymers in three-dimensional spherical confinement. This approach allows us to find a variety of energy minimizers including rings, tennis balls, Janus balls and multipods among several others. Phase diagrams of confined morphologies are presented. We modify the size of the interface between microphases to control the number of holes in multipod morphologies. Comparison to experimental observation by transmission electron microtomography of multipods in polystyrene-polyisoprene diblock copolymers is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Avalos
- WPI-Research Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Higuchi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Teramoto
- Department of Mathematics, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1, Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yabu
- WPI-Research Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishiura
- WPI-Research Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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66
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Morphologies and phase diagrams of ABC star triblock copolymers in cylindrical nanotubes with homogenous and patterned surfaces. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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67
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Higuchi T, Pinna M, Zvelindovsky AV, Jinnai H, Yabu H. Multipod structures of lamellae-forming diblock copolymers in three-dimensional confinement spaces: Experimental observation and computer simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Higuchi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University; 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Marco Pinna
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool; Lincoln LN6 7TS United Kingdom
| | - Andrei V. Zvelindovsky
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool; Lincoln LN6 7TS United Kingdom
| | - Hiroshi Jinnai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University; 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yabu
- Research Division Gobancho Building 5F, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency; 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-Ku Tokyo 102-0076 Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University; 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
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68
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Chu CJ, Cheng MH, Chung PY, Chi MH, Jeng KS, Chen JT. Reversible morphology control of three-dimensional block copolymer nanostructures by the solvent-annealing-induced wetting in anodic aluminum oxide templates. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1157801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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69
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Iacob C, Runt J. Charge Transport of Polyester Ether Ionomers in Unidirectional Silica Nanopores. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:476-480. [PMID: 35607228 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy is employed to investigate charge transport properties of two polyester ether ionomers in the bulk state and when confined in unidirectional nanoporous membranes (average pore diameter = 7.5 nm). Under nanometric confinement in nonsilanized pores, the macroscopic transport quantities (dc conductivity and characteristic frequency rate) are lower by about 1.4 decades compared to the bulk. The remarkable decrease of transport quantities in nonsilanized nanoporous membranes can be quantitatively explained by considering the temperature dependence of the interfacial layer between the ionomer and the silica membrane surfaces. On the other hand, an enhancement of dc conductivity is observed when the surfaces of the pores are treated with a nonpolar organosilane. This effect becomes more pronounced at lower temperatures and is attributed to slight changes in molecular packing density caused by the two-dimensional geometrical constraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Iacob
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - James Runt
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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70
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Chu CJ, Chung PY, Chu CW, Cheng MH, Chi MH, Chang CW, Chen JT. Competition Between Effects of Pore Sizes and Annealing Solvents on the Morphology Manipulation of 3D Block Copolymer Nanostructures Using Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Jui Chu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Chung
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Chu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Mu-Huan Chi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
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71
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72
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Ko HW, Cheng MH, Chi MH, Chang CW, Chen JT. Selective Template Wetting Routes to Hierarchical Polymer Films: Polymer Nanotubes from Phase-Separated Films via Solvent Annealing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2110-2116. [PMID: 26831764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel wetting method to prepare hierarchical polymer films with polymer nanotubes on selective regions. This strategy is based on the selective wetting abilities of polymer chains, annealed in different solvent vapors, into the nanopores of porous templates. Phase-separated films of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), two commonly used polymers, are prepared as a model system. After anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates are placed on the films, the samples are annealed in vapors of acetic acid, in which the PMMA chains are swollen and wet the nanopores of the AAO templates selectively. As a result, hierarchical polymer films containing PMMA nanotubes can be obtained after the AAO templates are removed. The distribution of the PMMA nanotubes of the hierarchical polymer films can also be controlled by changing the compositions of the polymer blends. This work not only presents a novel method to fabricate hierarchical polymer films with polymer nanotubes on selective regions, but also gives a deeper understanding in the selective wetting ability of polymer chains in solvent vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Ming-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Mu-Huan Chi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
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73
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Mijangos C, Hernández R, Martín J. A review on the progress of polymer nanostructures with modulated morphologies and properties, using nanoporous AAO templates. Prog Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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74
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Serral M, Pinna M, Zvelindovsky AV, Avalos JB. Cell Dynamics Simulations of Sphere-Forming Diblock Copolymers in Thin Films on Chemically Patterned Substrates. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serral
- Department
d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Av. dels Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marco Pinna
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7TS, U.K
| | - Andrei V. Zvelindovsky
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7TS, U.K
| | - Josep Bonet Avalos
- Department
d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Av. dels Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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75
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Tavakkoli K. G. A, Nicaise SM, Gadelrab KR, Alexander-Katz A, Ross CA, Berggren KK. Multilayer block copolymer meshes by orthogonal self-assembly. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10518. [PMID: 26796218 PMCID: PMC4736107 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued scaling-down of lithographic-pattern feature sizes has brought templated self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) into the forefront of nanofabrication research. Technologies now exist that facilitate significant control over otherwise unorganized assembly of BCP microdomains to form both long-range and locally complex monolayer patterns. In contrast, the extension of this control into multilayers or 3D structures of BCP microdomains remains limited, despite the possible technological applications in next-generation devices. Here, we develop and analyse an orthogonal self-assembly method in which multiple layers of distinct-molecular-weight BCPs naturally produce nanomesh structures of cylindrical microdomains without requiring layer-by-layer alignment or high-resolution lithographic templating. The mechanisms for orthogonal self-assembly are investigated with both experiment and simulation, and we determine that the control over height and chemical preference of templates are critical process parameters. The method is employed to produce nanomeshes with the shapes of circles and Y-intersections, and is extended to produce three layers of orthogonally oriented cylinders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tavakkoli K. G.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Samuel M. Nicaise
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Karim R. Gadelrab
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Caroline A. Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Karl K. Berggren
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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76
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Dong X, Ni B, Huang M, Hsu C, Bai R, Zhang W, Shi A, Cheng SZD. Molecular‐Curvature‐Induced Spontaneous Formation of Curved and Concentric Lamellae through Nucleation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Hui Dong
- Department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Bo Ni
- Department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Mingjun Huang
- Department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Chih‐Hao Hsu
- Department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Ruobing Bai
- Department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Wen‐Bin Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - An‐Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
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77
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Dong X, Ni B, Huang M, Hsu C, Bai R, Zhang W, Shi A, Cheng SZD. Molecular‐Curvature‐Induced Spontaneous Formation of Curved and Concentric Lamellae through Nucleation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2459-63. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Hui Dong
- Department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Bo Ni
- Department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Mingjun Huang
- Department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Chih‐Hao Hsu
- Department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Ruobing Bai
- Department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Wen‐Bin Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - An‐Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
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78
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Jennings J, Bassett SP, Hermida-Merino D, Portale G, Bras W, Knight L, Titman JJ, Higuchi T, Jinnai H, Howdle SM. How does dense phase CO2 influence the phase behaviour of block copolymers synthesised by dispersion polymerisation? Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01823d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Using a CO2 continuous phase for dispersion synthesis of block copolymers can provide a useful handle to control phase behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Jennings
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - S. P. Bassett
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - D. Hermida-Merino
- DUBBLE@ESRF
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (N.W.O.)
- Grenoble
- France
| | - G. Portale
- DUBBLE@ESRF
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (N.W.O.)
- Grenoble
- France
| | - W. Bras
- DUBBLE@ESRF
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (N.W.O.)
- Grenoble
- France
| | - L. Knight
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - J. J. Titman
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - T. Higuchi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM)
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8577
- Japan
| | - H. Jinnai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM)
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8577
- Japan
| | - S. M. Howdle
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
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79
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Xu J, Wang K, Liang R, Yang Y, Zhou H, Xie X, Zhu J. Structural Transformation of Diblock Copolymer/Homopolymer Assemblies by Tuning Cylindrical Confinement and Interfacial Interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:12354-12361. [PMID: 26492108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the controllable structural transformation of block copolymer/homopolymer binary blends in cylindrical nanopores. Polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)/homopolystyrene (SVP/hPS) nanorods (NRs) can be fabricated by pouring the polymers into an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) channel and isolated by selective removal of the AAO membrane. In this two-dimensional (2D) confinement, SVP self-assembles into NRs with concentric lamellar structure, and the internal structure can be tailored with the addition of hPS. We show that the weight fraction and molecular weight of hPS and the diameter of the channels can significantly affect the internal structure of the NRs. Moreover, mesoporous materials with tunable pore shape, size, and packing style can be prepared by selective solvent swelling of the structured NRs. In addition, these NRs can transform into spherical structures through solvent-absorption annealing, triggering the conversion from 2D to 3D confinement. More importantly, the transformation dynamics can be tuned by varying the preference property of surfactant to the polymers. It is proven that the shape and internal structure of the polymer particles are dominated by the interfacial interactions governed by the surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruijing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
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80
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Chang HY, Chen YF, Sheng YJ, Tsao HK. Blending-induced helical morphologies of confined linear triblock copolymers. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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81
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Yao IC, Cheng MH, Chen JT. Block Copolymer Micelle Nanotubes by the Solvent-Annealing-Induced Nanowetting in Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Yao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
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82
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Pitet LM, Alexander-Moonen E, Peeters E, Druzhinina TS, Wuister SF, Lynd NA, Meijer EW. Probing the Effect of Molecular Nonuniformity in Directed Self-Assembly of Diblock Copolymers in Nanoconfined Space. ACS NANO 2015; 9:9594-9602. [PMID: 26503195 DOI: 10.1021/nn505886z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Various complex self-assembled morphologies of lamellar- and cylinder-forming block copolymers comprising poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-polylactide (PDMS-b-PLA) confined in cylindrical channels were generated. Combining top-down lithography with bottom-up block copolymer self-assembly grants access to morphologies that are otherwise inaccessible with the bulk materials. Channel diameter (D) was systematically varied with four diblock copolymers having different compositions and bulk domain spacing (L0), corresponding to a range of frustration ratios (D/L0 from 2 to 4). Excessive packing frustration imposed by the channels leads to contorted domains. The resulting morphologies depend strongly on both D/L0 and copolymer composition. Under several circumstances, mixtures of complex morphologies were observed, which hypothetically arise from the severe sensitivity to D/L0 combined with the inherent compositional/molar mass dispersities associated with the nonuniform synthetic materials and silicon templates. Stochastic calculations offer compelling support for the hypothesis, and tractable pathways toward solving this apparent conundrum are proposed. The materials hold great promise for next-generation nanofabrication to address several emerging technologies, offering significantly enhanced versatility to basic diblock copolymers as templates for fabricating complex nanoscale objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M Pitet
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Els Alexander-Moonen
- Philips Group Innovation, Research , High Tech Campus 7, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel Peeters
- Philips Group Innovation, Research , High Tech Campus 7, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Nathaniel A Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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83
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84
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Zhang T, Deng H, Yang T, Li W. Defective morphologies kinetically formed in diblock copolymers under the cylindrical confinement. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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85
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Phase Behavior of Copolymers Confined in Multi-Walled Nanotubes: Insights from Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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86
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Hou P, Fan H, Jin Z. Spiral and Mesoporous Block Polymer Nanofibers Generated in Confined Nanochannels. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501933s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peilong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
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87
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Cao Y, Wu H, Higaki Y, Jinnai H, Takahara A. Molecular self-assembly of nylon-12 nanorods cylindrically confined to nanoporous alumina. IUCRJ 2014; 1:439-45. [PMID: 25485124 PMCID: PMC4224462 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252514020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly of nylon-12 rods in self-organized nanoporous alumina cylinders with two different diameters (65 and 300 nm) is studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) in symmetrical reflection mode. In a rod with a 300 nm diameter, the tendency of the hydrogen-bonding direction of a γ-form crystal parallel to the long axis of the rod is not clear because of weak two-dimensional confinement. In a rod with a diameter of 65 nm, the tendency of the hydrogen-bonding direction of a γ-form crystal parallel to the long axis of the rod is more distinct because of strong two-dimensional confinement. For the first time, selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) is applied in a transmission electron microscope to a polymer nanorod in order to determine the hydrogen-bond sheet and lamellar orientations. Results of TEM-SAED and WAXD showed that the crystals within the rod possess the γ-form of nylon-12 and that the b axis (stem axis) of the γ-form crystals is perpendicular to the long axis of the rod. These results revealed that only lamellae with 〈h0l〉 directions are able to grow inside the nanopores and the growth of lamellae with 〈hkl〉 (k ≠ 0) directions is stopped owing to impingements against the cylinder walls. The dominant crystal growth direction of the 65 nm rod in stronger two-dimensional confinement is in between the [-201] and [001] directions due to the development of a hydrogen-bonded sheet restricted along the long axis of the rod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hui Wu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuji Higaki
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Jinnai
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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88
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Kim H, Lee S, Shin TJ, Korblova E, Walba DM, Clark NA, Lee SB, Yoon DK. Multistep hierarchical self-assembly of chiral nanopore arrays. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14342-7. [PMID: 25246585 PMCID: PMC4209994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414840111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of simple hierarchical self-assembly steps achieve self-organization from the centimeter to the subnanometer-length scales in the form of square-centimeter arrays of linear nanopores, each one having a single chiral helical nanofilament of large internal surface area and interfacial interactions based on chiral crystalline molecular arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanim Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Eva Korblova
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309; and
| | - David M Walba
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309; and
| | | | - Sang Bok Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea;
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89
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Yu B, Deng J, Li B, Shi AC. Patchy nanoparticles self-assembled from linear triblock copolymers under spherical confinement: a simulated annealing study. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:6831-6843. [PMID: 25082632 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00967c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of linear ABC triblock copolymers confined in spherical nanopores is studied using a simulated annealing technique. Morphological phase diagrams as a function of the pore diameter, the selectivity of the pore-wall to the terminal blocks, and the copolymer composition are constructed. A variety of patchy nanoparticles and multiple morphological transitions are identified. Janus nanoparticles, which can be regarded as particles with one patch, are observed inside small nanopores. With increasing the pore diameter, the number of patches on a nanoparticle surface increases from one to two, four, five, six, and seven. The size of each patch increases periodically. The number of patches also increases with increasing the wall selectivity. The distribution of the patches on the surface of a given particle is highly symmetric. The interior structures of the patchy nanoparticles and the morphological transition are investigated by calculating the bridging fraction, the mean square end-to-end distance and the average contact number between different components. A series of entropy-driven morphological transitions is predicted. Furthermore, it is found that the overall patchy morphology is largely controlled by the volume fraction of the middle B-block, while the internal structure is largely controlled by the volume fraction ratio of the two terminal blocks. Our study demonstrates that the size of nanopores, the pore-wall selectivity, and the copolymer composition could be utilized as effective means to tune the structure and properties of the anisotropic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Department of Physics and Material Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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90
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Chu CJ, Chung PY, Chi MH, Kao YH, Chen JT. Three-Dimensional Block Copolymer Nanostructures by the Solvent-Annealing-Induced Wetting in Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1598-605. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Jui Chu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu Taiwan 30050 Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yun Chung
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu Taiwan 30050 Republic of China
| | - Mu-Huan Chi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu Taiwan 30050 Republic of China
| | - Yi-Huei Kao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu Taiwan 30050 Republic of China
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu Taiwan 30050 Republic of China
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91
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Maiz J, Zhao W, Gu Y, Lawrence J, Arbe A, Alegría A, Emrick T, Colmenero J, Russell TP, Mijangos C. Dynamic study of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) copolymer in bulk and confined in cylindrical nanopores. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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92
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Hao QH, Miao B, Song QG, Niu XH, Liu TJ. Phase behaviors of sphere-forming triblock copolymers confined in nanopores: A dynamic density functional theory study. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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93
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Michell RM, Blaszczyk-Lezak I, Mijangos C, Müller AJ. Confined crystallization of polymers within anodic aluminum oxide templates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mary Michell
- Grupo de Polímeros USB, Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales; Universidad Simón Bolívar; Apartado 89000 Caracas 1080-A Venezuela
| | - Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC; Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Carmen Mijangos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC; Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Polymer Materials (POLYMAT) and Polymer Science and Technology Department; Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science; E-48011 Bilbao Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- Grupo de Polímeros USB, Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales; Universidad Simón Bolívar; Apartado 89000 Caracas 1080-A Venezuela
- Institute for Polymer Materials (POLYMAT) and Polymer Science and Technology Department; Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science; E-48011 Bilbao Spain
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94
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Chen JT, Wei TH, Chang CW, Ko HW, Chu CW, Chi MH, Tsai CC. Fabrication of Polymer Nanopeapods in the Nanopores of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates Using a Double-Solution Wetting Method. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500568j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050
| | - Tzu-Hui Wei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050
| | - Hao-Wen Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050
| | - Chien-Wei Chu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050
| | - Mu-Huan Chi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050
| | - Chia-Chan Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050
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95
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Sanwaria S, Horechyy A, Wolf D, Chu CY, Chen HL, Formanek P, Stamm M, Srivastava R, Nandan B. Helical Packing of Nanoparticles Confined in Cylindrical Domains of a Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9090-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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96
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Sanwaria S, Horechyy A, Wolf D, Chu CY, Chen HL, Formanek P, Stamm M, Srivastava R, Nandan B. Helixförmige Packung von Nanopartikeln, eingeschlossen in zylindrische Domänen einer selbstorganisierten Blockcopolymerstruktur. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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97
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Zhang R, Zeng X, Prehm M, Liu F, Grimm S, Geuss M, Steinhart M, Tschierske C, Ungar G. Honeycombs in honeycombs: complex liquid crystal alumina composite mesostructures. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4500-4509. [PMID: 24758721 DOI: 10.1021/nn406368e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to study orientation patterns of two polyphilic liquid crystals (LC) confined to cylindrical pores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO). The hierarchical hybrid systems had the LC honeycomb (lattice parameter 3.5-4 nm) inside the pores of the AAO honeycomb (diameters 60 and 400 nm). By conducting complete reciprocal space mapping using SAXS, we conclude that the columns of both compounds align in planes normal to the AAO pore axis, with a specific crystallographic direction of the LC lattice aligning strictly parallel to the pore axis. AFM of LC-containing AAO fracture surfaces further revealed that the columns of the planar anchoring LC (compound 1) formed concentric circles in the plane normal to the pore axis near the AAO wall. Toward the pore center, the circles become anisometric "racetrack" loops consisting of two straight segments and two semicircles. This mode compensates for slight ellipticity of the pore cross section. Indications are, however, that for perfectly circular pores, circular shape is maintained right to the center of the pore, the radius coming down to the size of a molecule. For the homeotropically anchoring compound 2, the columns are to the most part straight and parallel to each other, arranged in layers normal to the AAO pore axis, like logs in an ordered pile. Only near the pore wall the columns splay somewhat. In both cases, columns are confined to layers strictly perpendicular to the AAO pore axis, and there is no sign of escape to the third dimension or of axial orientation, the latter having been reported previously for some discotic LCs. The main cause of the two new LC configurations, the "racetrack" and the "logpile", and of their difference from those of confined nematic LC, is the very high splay energy and low bend energy of columnar phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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98
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Liang R, Xu J, Deng R, Wang K, Liu S, Li J, Zhu J. Assembly of Polymer-Tethered Gold Nanoparticles under Cylindrical Confinement. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:486-490. [PMID: 35590788 DOI: 10.1021/mz5002146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of polystyrene (PS)-tethered gold nanoparticles (Au@PS NPs) in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) cylindrical nanopores was investigated. This cylindrical confined assembly strategy allows us to generate novel assemblies (e.g., linear chain, zigzag, two-NP layer, three-NP layer, and hexagonally packed NP structures) by manipulating the AAO membrane pore size and molecular weight of PS ligands. Moreover, the optical property of the hybrid assemblies can be tuned through varying the interparticle distances and assembly structures. This work provides a guideline for confined assembly of functional NPs and lays groundwork for fabricating well-ordered hybrid nanostructures for optical, electronic, biosensing, and data storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Liang
- Key Laboratory
of Large-Format
Battery Materials and System of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Key Laboratory
of Large-Format
Battery Materials and System of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Renhua Deng
- Key Laboratory
of Large-Format
Battery Materials and System of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory
of Large-Format
Battery Materials and System of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shanqin Liu
- Key Laboratory
of Large-Format
Battery Materials and System of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory
of Large-Format
Battery Materials and System of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory
of Large-Format
Battery Materials and System of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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99
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Yabu H, Higuchi T, Jinnai H. Frustrated phases: polymeric self-assemblies in a 3D confinement. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:2919-2931. [PMID: 24695767 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52821a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews recent progress concerning polymeric self-assemblies in confined spaces, including phase-separated structures of polymer blends and block copolymers. Although a wide variety of polymer self-assemblies have been studied in terms of conventional parameters, such as blend ratio, interaction of constituent polymers, block ratio, and molecular weight, a series of unique structures appear when the systems are self-assembled under confined conditions. Due to the limited space for phase separation, the polymers in the confinement are frustrated, and the resulting morphologies are distinctly different from those formed in free space. We give an overview of experimental and theoretical studies of the frustrated morphologies. We begin by defining confinement with respect to dimensionality and surface properties, and then introduce methods for producing various shapes and sizes of three-dimensional confinement. Finally, we present morphological and application-oriented studies and discuss the prospects for this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yabu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
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100
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Michell RM, Blaszczyk-Lezak I, Mijangos C, Müller AJ. Confinement Induced First Order Crystallization Kinetics for the Poly(ethylene oxide) Block within A PEO-b
-PB Diblock Copolymer Infiltrated within Alumina Nano-Porous Template. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201450313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mary Michell
- Grupo de Polímeros USB, Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales; Universidad Simón Bolívar; Apartado 89000 Caracas 1080-A Venezuela
| | - Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros; CSIC; Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Carmen Mijangos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros; CSIC; Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- Grupo de Polímeros USB, Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales; Universidad Simón Bolívar; Apartado 89000 Caracas 1080-A Venezuela
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