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The use of novel selectivity metrics in kinase research. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:17. [PMID: 28056771 PMCID: PMC5217660 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compound selectivity is an important issue when developing a new drug. In many instances, a lack of selectivity can translate to increased toxicity. Protein kinases are particularly concerned with this issue because they share high sequence and structural similarity. However, selectivity may be assessed early on using data generated from protein kinase profiling panels. Results To guide lead optimization in drug discovery projects, we propose herein two new selectivity metrics, namely window score (WS) and ranking score (RS). These metrics can be applied to standard in vitro data–including intrinsic enzyme activity/affinity (Ki, IC50 or percentage of inhibition), cell-based potency (percentage of effect, EC50) or even kinetics data (Kd, Kon and Koff). They are both easy to compute and offer different viewpoints from which to consider compound selectivity. Conclusions We performed a comparative analysis of their respective performance on several data sets against already published selectivity metrics and analyzed how they might influence compound selection. Our results showed that the two new metrics bring additional information to prioritize compound selection. Graphical Abstract Two novel metrics were developed to better estimate selectivity of compounds screened on multiple proteins.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-1413-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Bewley MA, Belchamber KBR, Chana KK, Budd RC, Donaldson G, Wedzicha JA, Brightling CE, Kilty I, Donnelly LE, Barnes PJ, Singh D, Whyte MKB, Dockrell DH. Differential Effects of p38, MAPK, PI3K or Rho Kinase Inhibitors on Bacterial Phagocytosis and Efferocytosis by Macrophages in COPD. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163139. [PMID: 27680884 PMCID: PMC5040258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation and bacterial colonization are central to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Defects in macrophage phagocytosis of both bacteria and apoptotic cells contribute to the COPD phenotype. Small molecule inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity against p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and Rho kinase (ROCK) are being investigated as novel therapeutics in COPD. Concerns exist, however, about off-target effects. We investigated the effect of p38 MAPK inhibitors (VX745 and SCIO469), specific inhibitors of PI3K α (NVS-P13K-2), δ (NVS-P13K-3) or γ (NVS-P13K-5) and a ROCK inhibitor PF4950834 on macrophage phagocytosis, early intracellular killing of bacteria and efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils. Alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained from broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) or monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from COPD patients (GOLD stage II/III) enrolled from a well characterized clinical cohort (MRC COPD-MAP consortium) or from healthy ex-smoker controls were studied. Both COPD AM and MDM exhibited lower levels of bacterial phagocytosis (using Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae) and efferocytosis than healthy controls. None of the inhibitors altered bacterial internalization or early intracellular bacterial killing in AM or MDM. Conversely PF4950834, but not other inhibitors, enhanced efferocytosis in COPD AM and MDM. These results suggest none of these inhibitors are likely to exacerbate phagocytosis-related defects in COPD, while confirming ROCK inhibitors can enhance efferocytosis in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Bewley
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease and The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Kylie B. R. Belchamber
- Airway Disease National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirandeep K. Chana
- Airway Disease National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C. Budd
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease and The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Donaldson
- Airway Disease National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jadwiga A. Wedzicha
- Airway Disease National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iain Kilty
- Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Louise E. Donnelly
- Airway Disease National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Barnes
- Airway Disease National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Singh
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Moira K. B. Whyte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David H. Dockrell
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease and The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Olianas MC, Dedoni S, Onali P. Protection from interferon-β-induced neuronal apoptosis through stimulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors coupled to ERK1/2 activation. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2910-28. [PMID: 27474091 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although clinically useful for their immunomodulatory, antiproliferative and antiviral properties, type I interferons (IFNs) are involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases. In the present study, we investigated the ability of cholinergic stimulation to protect from IFN-β-induced neuronal apoptosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of the ACh receptor agonist carbachol (CCh) on IFN-β-induced apoptosis of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were examined by using western blots, immunofluorescence and cytofluorimetry. The involvement of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) was assessed by using selective antagonists and siRNA transfection. Pharmacological inhibitors and overexpression of ERK2 and an ERK2 constitutively active form (ERK2-CA) were employed to study ERK1/2 signalling. The effects of oxotremorine-M (Oxo-M) on IFN-β-induced apoptosis of mouse hippocampal neurons were examined by measuring cleaved caspase 3 expression. KEY RESULTS In SH-SY5Y cells, CCh inhibited IFN-β-induced mitochondrial cytochrome c release, activation of caspases 9, 7 and 3, PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation. The anti-apoptotic effect of CCh was mediated by M3 receptors, blocked by Gq/11 antagonist YM254890 and PKC inhibitor Go 6983, impaired by inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway, potentiated by overexpression of ERK2 and mimicked by ERK2-CA. Blockade of JNK activation enhanced the CCh anti-apoptotic response. IFN-β inhibited JNK activation and up-regulated CCh-induced ERK1/2 signalling. In hippocampal neurons, Oxo-M reduced IFN-β-induced apoptosis; this effect was antagonized by blockade of M1 /M3 receptors and ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Stimulation of mAChRs counteracted IFN-β-induced neuronal apoptosis through the activation of ERK1/2 signalling. The data indicate that activation of ERK1/2-coupled mAChRs may be an effective strategy for preventing IFNs neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Olianas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Dedoni
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Onali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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54
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Alam JJ. Selective Brain-Targeted Antagonism of p38 MAPKα Reduces Hippocampal IL-1β Levels and Improves Morris Water Maze Performance in Aged Rats. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:219-27. [PMID: 26401942 PMCID: PMC4923728 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: P38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) α modulates microglia-mediated inflammatory responses and a number of neuronal physiological processes. Objective: To evaluate pre-clinically the pharmacological effects in the brain of p38 MAPKα inhibition with a brain-penetrant specific chemical antagonist. Methods: VX-745, a blood-brain barrier penetrant, highly selective p38 MAPKα inhibitor, and clinical stage investigational drug, was utilized. Initially, a pilot study in 26-month-old Tg2576 mice was conducted. Subsequently, a definitive dose-response study was conducted in aged (20–22 months) rats with identified cognitive deficits; n = 15 per group: vehicle, 0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 mg/kg VX-745 by oral gavage twice daily for 3 weeks. Assessments in aged rats included IL-1β, PSD-95, TNFα protein levels in hippocampus; and Morris water maze (MWM) test for cognitive performance. Results: Drug effect could not be assessed in Tg2576 mice, as little inflammation was evident. In cognitively-impaired aged rats, VX-745 led to significantly improved performance in the MWM and significant reduction in hippocampal IL-1β protein levels, though the effects were dissociated as the MWM effect was evident at a lower dose level than that required to lower IL-1β. Drug concentration-effect relationships and predicted human doses were determined. Conclusions: Selective inhibition of p38 MAPKα with VX-745 in aged rats reduces hippocampal IL-1β levels and improves performance in the MWM. As the two effects occur at different dose levels, the behavioral effect appears to be via a mechanism that is independent of reducing cytokine production. The predicted human doses should minimize risks of systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Alam
- Correspondence to: John J. Alam, MD, EIP Pharma, LLC, 11 Channing Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Tel.: +1 617 909 5737;
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Dedoni S, Olianas MC, Onali P. Interferon-β counter-regulates its own pro-apoptotic action by activating p38 MAPK signalling in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1509-26. [PMID: 25086905 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) induce apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells, but the molecular mechanisms regulating this event have not been completely elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, a key regulator of apoptosis and a known modulator of IFN-induced responses in non-neuronal cells. We show that in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells IFN-β induced a delayed and sustained increase of p38 MAPK activity through a novel mechanism involving the sequential activation of Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 signalling, enhanced expression of the NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit gp91(phox), increased reactive oxygen species production and stimulation of the MAPK kinase kinase transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1. Either blockade of p38 MAPK by the second generation inhibitors BIRB0796 and VX745 or siRNA knockdown of p38α MAPK enhanced IFN-β-induced apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells. Exposure to IFN-β increased the phosphorylation of the small heat shock protein HSP27 at Ser15, Ser78 and Ser82 with a time course similar to p38 MAPK activation and this response was suppressed by either p38α MAPK depletion or pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK and MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2). Either silencing of HSP27 expression by siRNA or MK2 inhibition potentiated IFN-β-induced apoptotic death. These results indicate that IFN-β-induced apoptosis of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells is associated with a long-lasting up-regulation of p38 MAPK activity, stimulation of MK2 and phosphorylation of the pro-survival protein HSP27. Moreover, the data show that inhibition of p38 MAPK signalling potentiates the anti-neuroblastoma activity of the cytokine, indicating that this pathway mediates a counter-regulatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dedoni
- Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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56
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Astolfi A, Iraci N, Manfroni G, Barreca ML, Cecchetti V. A Comprehensive Structural Overview of p38α MAPK in Complex with Type I Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:957-69. [PMID: 26012502 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a well-recognized therapeutic target for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Over the past two decades, tremendous efforts have been focused on the discovery and development of small-molecule p38α MAPK inhibitors, although currently no drugs targeting this protein are clinically available. Therefore, the identification of novel chemotypes that are able to inhibit p38α MAPK function is still of great therapeutic significance. With the objective to support drug discovery programs aimed at identifying new immunomodulators acting on p38α MAPK, herein we present a complete overview of the available crystal structures of this protein in complex with ATP-site type I inhibitors. The 85 available complexes are classified by chemotype and experimental binding mode, and the ligand-protein interactions are discussed using the most representative inhibitors. The type and frequency of key inhibitor features are analyzed to give a final summary of the chemical requirements of promising p38α MAPK inhibitors. The proposed pharmacophore can be exploited to enhance the opportunities to identify novel type I inhibitors of p38α MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Astolfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia (Italy)
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia (Italy)
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia (Italy)
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia (Italy).
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia (Italy)
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57
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Hazrathoseyni A, Seyedi SM, Shiri A, Eshghi H. Synthesis of [1,2,4]Triazolo[4″,3″:1′,6′]Pyrimido[4′,5′:3,4]Pyridazino[1,6-D] [1,2,4]Triazine; A Novel Tetracyclic System. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14241706062908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The condensation reaction of 6-acetyl-3-amino-5-aryl-2-phenyl-2,5-dihydropyridazine-4-carbonitrile with triethyl orthoformate and then with hydrazine hydrate to obtain the new fused bicyclic 4-aryl-5-hydrazinyl-3-(1-hydrazonoethyl)-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazines via the Dimroth rearrangement is reported. Further cyclisation was achieved by the treatment of latter compounds with triethyl orthoformate to afford several derivatives of a novel tetracyclic fused system [1,2,4] triazolo[4″,3″:1′,6′]pyrimido[4′,5′:3,4]pyridazino[1,6-d][1,2,4]triazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Hazrathoseyni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Seyedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Eshghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436 Mashhad, Iran
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58
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Hazrathoseyni A, Seyedi SM, Eshghi H, Shiri A, Saadatmandzadeh M, Berenji AR. Synthesis, Characterization, and Docking Evaluations of New Derivatives of Pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine as Potential Human AKT1 Inhibitors. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Hazrathoseyni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; 91775-1436 Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Seyedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; 91775-1436 Mashhad Iran
| | - Hossein Eshghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; 91775-1436 Mashhad Iran
| | - Ali Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; 91775-1436 Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammad Saadatmandzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; 91775-1436 Mashhad Iran
| | - Ali Reza Berenji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; 91775-1436 Mashhad Iran
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Chooi KP, Galan SRG, Raj R, McCullagh J, Mohammed S, Jones LH, Davis BG. Synthetic phosphorylation of p38α recapitulates protein kinase activity. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1698-701. [PMID: 24393126 PMCID: PMC4235370 DOI: 10.1021/ja4095318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Through
a “tag-and-modify” protein chemical modification
strategy, we site-selectively phosphorylated the activation
loop of protein kinase p38α. Phosphorylation at natural
(180) and unnatural (172) sites created two pure phospho-forms. p38α
bearing only a single phosphocysteine (pCys) as a mimic of pThr at
180 was sufficient to switch the kinase to an active state, capable
of processing natural protein substrate ATF2; 172 site phosphorylation
did not. In this way, we chemically recapitulated triggering of a
relevant segment of the MAPK-signaling pathway in vitro. This allowed detailed kinetic analysis of global and stoichiometric
phosphorylation events catalyzed by p38α and revealed
that site 180 is a sufficient activator alone and engenders dominant
mono-phosphorylation activity. Moreover, a survey of kinase
inhibition using inhibitors with different (Type I/II) modes (including
therapeutically relevant) revealed unambiguously that Type II inhibitors
inhibit phosphorylated p38α and allowed discovery of a
predictive kinetic analysis based on cooperativity to distinguish
Type I vs II.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Phin Chooi
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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Watterson DM, Grum-Tokars VL, Roy SM, Schavocky JP, Bradaric BD, Bachstetter AD, Xing B, Dimayuga E, Saeed F, Zhang H, Staniszewski A, Pelletier JC, Minasov G, Anderson WF, Arancio O, Van Eldik LJ. Development of Novel In Vivo Chemical Probes to Address CNS Protein Kinase Involvement in Synaptic Dysfunction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66226. [PMID: 23840427 PMCID: PMC3694096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine-threonine protein kinases are critical to CNS function, yet there is a dearth of highly selective, CNS-active kinase inhibitors for in vivo investigations. Further, prevailing assumptions raise concerns about whether single kinase inhibitors can show in vivo efficacy for CNS pathologies, and debates over viable approaches to the development of safe and efficacious kinase inhibitors are unsettled. It is critical, therefore, that these scientific challenges be addressed in order to test hypotheses about protein kinases in neuropathology progression and the potential for in vivo modulation of their catalytic activity. Identification of molecular targets whose in vivo modulation can attenuate synaptic dysfunction would provide a foundation for future disease-modifying therapeutic development as well as insight into cellular mechanisms. Clinical and preclinical studies suggest a critical link between synaptic dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders and the activation of p38αMAPK mediated signaling cascades. Activation in both neurons and glia also offers the unusual potential to generate enhanced responses through targeting a single kinase in two distinct cell types involved in pathology progression. However, target validation has been limited by lack of highly selective inhibitors amenable to in vivo use in the CNS. Therefore, we employed high-resolution co-crystallography and pharmacoinformatics to design and develop a novel synthetic, active site targeted, CNS-active, p38αMAPK inhibitor (MW108). Selectivity was demonstrated by large-scale kinome screens, functional GPCR agonist and antagonist analyses of off-target potential, and evaluation of cellular target engagement. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that MW108 ameliorates beta-amyloid induced synaptic and cognitive dysfunction. A serendipitous discovery during co-crystallographic analyses revised prevailing models about active site targeting of inhibitors, providing insights that will facilitate future kinase inhibitor design. Overall, our studies deliver highly selective in vivo probes appropriate for CNS investigations and demonstrate that modulation of p38αMAPK activity can attenuate synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Martin Watterson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Valerie L. Grum-Tokars
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Saktimayee M. Roy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - James P. Schavocky
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Brinda Desai Bradaric
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Adam D. Bachstetter
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bin Xing
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Edgardo Dimayuga
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Faisal Saeed
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Agnieszka Staniszewski
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Pelletier
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - George Minasov
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wayne F. Anderson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Linda J. Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Asano T, Yamazaki H, Kasahara C, Kubota H, Kontani T, Harayama Y, Ohno K, Mizuhara H, Yokomoto M, Misumi K, Kinoshita T, Ohta M, Takeuchi M. Identification, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 6-[(6R)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-(2-methylphenyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one (AS1940477), a potent p38 MAP kinase inhibitor. J Med Chem 2012; 55:7772-85. [PMID: 22905713 DOI: 10.1021/jm3008008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several p38 MAPK inhibitors have been shown to effectively block the production of cytokines such as IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6. Inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase therefore have significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of autoimmune disease. Compound 2a was identified as a potent TNFα production inhibitor in vitro but suffered from poor oral bioavailability. Structural modification of 2a led to the discovery of tetrahydropyrazolopyrimidine derivatives, exemplified by compound 3, with an improved pharmacokinetic profile. We found that blocking metabolism at the methyl group of the amine and constructing the tetrahydropyrimidine core were important to obtaining compounds with good biological profiles and oral bioavailability. Pursuing the structure-activity relationships of this series led to the discovery of AS1940477 (3f), with excellent cellular activity and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. This compound represents a highly potent inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase with regard to in vivo activity in an adjuvant-induced arthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Asano
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
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62
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Kusakabe KI, Ide N, Daigo Y, Itoh T, Higashino K, Okano Y, Tadano G, Tachibana Y, Sato Y, Inoue M, Wada T, Iguchi M, Kanazawa T, Ishioka Y, Dohi K, Tagashira S, Kido Y, Sakamoto S, Yasuo K, Maeda M, Yamamoto T, Higaki M, Endoh T, Ueda K, Shiota T, Murai H, Nakamura Y. Diaminopyridine-based potent and selective mps1 kinase inhibitors binding to an unusual flipped-Peptide conformation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:560-4. [PMID: 24900510 DOI: 10.1021/ml3000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) is an attractive cancer drug target due to the important role that it plays in centrosome duplication, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and the maintenance of chromosomal stability. A design based on JNK inhibitors with an aminopyridine scaffold and subsequent modifications identified diaminopyridine 9 with an IC50 of 37 nM. The X-ray structure of 9 revealed that the Cys604 carbonyl group of the hinge region flips to form a hydrogen bond with the aniline NH group in 9. Further optimization of 9 led to 12 with improved cellular activity, suitable pharmacokinetic profiles, and good in vivo efficacy in the mouse A549 xenograft model. Moreover, 12 displayed excellent selectivity over 95 kinases, indicating the contribution of its unusual flipped-peptide conformation to its selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Kusakabe
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ide
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Laboratory of Molecular
Medicine,
Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku,
Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho,
Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Itoh
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Kenichi Higashino
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Yousuke Okano
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Genta Tadano
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Yuki Tachibana
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Yuji Sato
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Makiko Inoue
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Tooru Wada
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Motofumi Iguchi
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanazawa
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Yukichi Ishioka
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Keiji Dohi
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Sachie Tagashira
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Yasuto Kido
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Kazuya Yasuo
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Masahiro Maeda
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Takahiko Yamamoto
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Masayo Higaki
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Takeshi Endoh
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Kazuo Ueda
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Takeshi Shiota
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Hitoshi Murai
- Medicinal Research Laboratories,
Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and Innovative Drug Discovery
Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825,
Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular
Medicine,
Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku,
Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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