51
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Satpathi S, Sengupta A, Hridya VM, Gavvala K, Koninti RK, Roy B, Hazra P. A Green Solvent Induced DNA Package. Sci Rep 2015. [PMCID: PMC5378943 DOI: 10.1038/srep09137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic details of DNA compaction is essential blue print for gene regulation in living organisms. Many in vitro studies have been implemented using several compaction agents. However, these compacting agents may have some kinds of cytotoxic effects to the cells. To minimize this aspect, several research works had been performed, but people have never focused green solvent, i.e. room temperature ionic liquid as DNA compaction agent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ever report where we have shown that guanidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (Gua-IL) acts as a DNA compacting agent. The compaction ability of Gua-IL has been verified by different spectroscopic techniques, like steady state emission, circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering and UV melting. Notably, we have extensively probed this compaction by Gua-IL through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and fluorescence microscopy images. We also have discussed the plausible compaction mechanism process of DNA by Gua-IL. Our results suggest that Gua-IL forms a micellar kind of self aggregation above a certain concentration (≥1 mM), which instigates this compaction process. This study divulges the specific details of DNA compaction mechanism by a new class of compaction agent, which is highly biodegradable and eco friendly in nature.
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52
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Jafari Iri Sofla F, Rahbarizadeh F, Ahmadvand D, Nomani A, Rahimi Jamnani F. Specific gene delivery mediated by poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted polyamidoamine dendrimer modified with a novel HER2-targeting nanobody. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911515569005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
As compared to other nanobiopolymers used in gene delivery applications, polyamidoamine dendrimers possess significantly improved physical and chemical properties such as monodispersity, well-defined size and shape, and biocompatibility, which make them ideal vectors for biomedical purposes. The aim of this study was fine-tuning of an anti–human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) nanobody–polyethylene glycol (PEG)–G5 polyamidoamine gene delivery vector for potential in vivo applications. Polyethylene glycol was conjugated to polyamidoamine dendrimers at three different molar ratios of 10, 20, and 30 (polyethylene glycol:polyamidoamine). Anti-HER2 nanobody was chosen as our targeting agents and attached to polyethylene glycol–polyamidoamine conjugates. Cytotoxicity assays and transfection studies were carried out to find the most efficient conjugate in terms of both low cytotoxicity and high transfection rate. Our data indicated that PEGylation decreased the cytotoxicity of dendrimers alone and when complexed with DNA (dendriplexes). Among all of the polyethylene glycol–polyamidoamine dendrimers, polyethylene glycol(10)–polyamidoamine resulted in the most efficient gene transfection vector in both BT-474 and MCF-10A cell lines. Incorporation of anti-HER2 nanobodies could further increase their cellular uptake up to 1.7-fold compared to native dendrimers in HER2-overexpressing BT-474 cells but not in HER2-negative MCF-10A cells. It can be concluded from our results that nanobody–polyethylene glycol–polyamidoamine conjugates might be a promising new bioconjugate for the targeted gene delivery to HER2-positive tumor cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Jafari Iri Sofla
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Ahmadvand
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nomani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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53
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Avila LA, Aps LRMM, Sukthankar P, Ploscariu N, Gudlur S, Šimo L, Szoszkiewicz R, Park Y, Lee SY, Iwamoto T, Ferreira LCS, Tomich JM. Branched Amphiphilic Cationic Oligopeptides Form Peptiplexes with DNA: A Study of Their Biophysical Properties and Transfection Efficiency. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:706-15. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500524s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Adriana Avila
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-3902, United States
| | - Luana R. M. M. Aps
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Pinakin Sukthankar
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-3902, United States
| | - Nicoleta Ploscariu
- Department
of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2601, United States
| | - Sushanth Gudlur
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-3902, United States
| | - Ladislav Šimo
- Department
of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-4004, United States
| | - Robert Szoszkiewicz
- Department
of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2601, United States
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department
of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-4004, United States
| | - Stella Y. Lee
- Division
of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-3902, United States
| | - Takeo Iwamoto
- Division
of Biochemistry, Core Research Facilities, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Luis C. S. Ferreira
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - John M. Tomich
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-3902, United States
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54
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He D, Wagner E. Defined Polymeric Materials for Gene Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:600-12. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng He
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Center for System-based Drug Research and Center for NanoScience (CeNS); Ludwig-Maximilians-University; 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Center for System-based Drug Research and Center for NanoScience (CeNS); Ludwig-Maximilians-University; 81377 Munich Germany
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55
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Zheng W, Cao C, Liu Y, Yu Q, Zheng C, Sun D, Ren X, Liu J. Multifunctional polyamidoamine-modified selenium nanoparticles dual-delivering siRNA and cisplatin to A549/DDP cells for reversal multidrug resistance. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:368-80. [PMID: 25204523 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major barrier against effective cancer treatment. Dual-delivering a therapeutic small interfering RNA (siRNA) and chemotherapeutic agents has been developed to reverse drug resistance in tumor cells. In this study, amine-terminated generation 5 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (G5.NH2)-modified selenium nanoparticles (G5@Se NP) were synthesized for the systemic dual-delivery of mdr1 siRNA and cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum-(II), DDP), which was demonstrated to enhance siRNA loading, releasing efficiency and gene-silencing efficacy. When the mdr1 siRNA was conjugated with G5@Se NP via electrostatic interaction, a significant down-regulation of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein expression was observed; G5@Se-DDP-siRNA arrested A549/DDP cells at G1 phase and led to enhanced cytotoxicity in A549/DDP cells through induction of apoptosis involving the AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Interestingly, G5@Se-DDP NP were much less reactive than DDP in the reactions with both MT and GSH, indicating that loading of DDP in a nano-delivery system could effectively prevent cell detoxification. Furthermore, animal studies demonstrated that the new delivery system of G5@Se-DDP-siRNA significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effect on tumor-bearing nude mice, with no appreciable abnormality in the major organs. These results suggest that G5@Se NP could be a potential platform to combine chemotherapy and gene therapy technology in the treatment of human disease.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cisplatin/administration & dosage
- Cisplatin/chemistry
- Dendrimers/chemistry
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Silencing
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Humans
- Metal Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Metal Nanoparticles/ultrastructure
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Nanocapsules/administration & dosage
- Nanocapsules/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry
- Selenium/chemistry
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chengwen Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chuping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaofan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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56
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Leriche ED, Hubert-Roux M, Afonso C, Lange CM, Grossel MC, Maire F, Loutelier-Bourhis C. Investigation of dendriplexes by ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Molecules 2014; 19:20731-50. [PMID: 25514219 PMCID: PMC6271531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191220731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly branched polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers presenting biological activities have been envisaged as non-viral gene delivery vectors. They are known to associate with nucleic acid (DNA) in non-covalent complexes via electrostatic interactions. Although their transfection efficiency has been proved, PAMAMs present a significant cytotoxicity due to their cationic surface. To overcome such a drawback, different chemical modifications of the PAMAM surface have been reported such as the attachment of hydrophobic residues. In the present work, we studied the complexation of DNA duplexes with different low-generation PAMAM; ammonia-cored G0(N) and G1(N) PAMAM, native or chemically modified with aromatic residues, i.e., phenyl-modified-PAMAM G0(N) and phenylalanine-modified-PAMAM G1(N). To investigate the interactions involved in the PAMAM/DNA complexes, also called dendriplexes, we used electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to ion mobility spectrometry-mass-spectrometry (IM-MS). ESI is known to allow the study of non-covalent complexes in native conditions while IM-MS is a bidimensional separation technique particularly useful for the characterization of complex mixtures. IM-MS allows the separation of the expected complexes, possible additional non-specific complexes and the free ligands. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was also used for the structural characterization. This work highlights the contribution of IM-MS and MS/MS for the study of small dendriplexes. The stoichiometries of the complexes and the equilibrium dissociation constants were determined. The [DNA/native PAMAM] and [DNA/modified-PAMAM] dendriplexes were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Dune Leriche
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Université de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Marie Hubert-Roux
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Université de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Université de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Catherine M Lange
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Université de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Martin C Grossel
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Hants SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Florian Maire
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Université de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Loutelier-Bourhis
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Université de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
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57
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Zhiryakova MV, Izumrudov VA. Water-Soluble Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Astramol Poly(propyleneimine) Dendrimers with Poly(methacrylate) Anion. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13760-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508960h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. Zhiryakova
- Chemistry
Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye
gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Izumrudov
- Chemistry
Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye
gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
- A.
N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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58
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Yu S, Larson RG. Monte-Carlo simulations of PAMAM dendrimer-DNA interactions. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:5325-5336. [PMID: 24924736 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00452c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We use Monte Carlo simulations to determine the influence of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer size and charge on its interactions with double-stranded DNA conformation and interaction strength. To achieve a compromise between simulation speed and molecular detail, we combine the coarse-grained DNA model of de Pablo et al. which resolves each DNA base using three beads - and thereby retains the double-helix structure - with a dendrimer model with resolution similar to that of the DNA. The resulting predictions of the effects of dendrimer generation, dendrimer surface charge density, and salt concentration on dendrimer-DNA complexes are in agreement with both experiments and all-atom MD simulations. The model predicts that DNA wraps a fully charged G5 or G6 dendrimer at low salt concentration (10 mM) similarly to a histone octamer, and for the G5 dendrimer, DNA super helices with both handednesses occur. At salt concentrations above 50 mM, or when a high fraction of dendrimer surface charges are neutralized by acetylation, DNA adheres but does not compactly wrap the dendrimer, in agreement with experimental findings. We are also able to simulate pairs of dendrimers binding to the same DNA strand. Thus, our mesoscale simulation not only elucidates dendrimer-DNA interactions, but also provides a methodology for efficiently simulating chromatin formation and other cationic macroion-DNA complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yu
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
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59
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Zhiryakova MV, Izumrudov VA. Interaction of Astramol Poly(propyleneimine) Dendrimers with DNA and Poly(methacrylate) Anion in Water and Water–Salt Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:8819-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502953y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. Zhiryakova
- Chemistry
Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Izumrudov
- Chemistry
Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- A.N.
Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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60
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Perreault F, Melegari SP, Fuzinatto CF, Bogdan N, Morin M, Popovic R, Matias WG. Toxicity of PAMAM-coated gold nanoparticles in different unicellular models. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:328-336. [PMID: 22331655 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are used for many pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. However, the toxicological risks of several PAMAM-based compounds are still not fully evaluated, despite evidences of PAMAM deleterious effects on biological membranes, leading to toxicity. In this report, we investigated the toxicity of generation 0 PAMAM-coated gold nanoparticles (AuG0 NPs) in four different models to determine how different cellular systems are affected by PAMAM-coated NPs. Toxicity was evaluated in two mammalian cell lines, Neuro 2A and Vero, in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the bacteria Vibrio fischeri. AuG0 NP treatments reduced cell metabolic activity in algal and bacterial cells, measured by esterase enzymatic activity (C. reinhardtii) and luminescence emission (V. fischeri). EC50 value after 30 min of treatment was similar in both organisms, with 0.114 and 0.167 mg mL(-1) for C. reinhardtii and V. fischeri, respectively. On the other hand, AuG0 NPs induced no change of mitochondrial activity in mammalian cells after 24 h of treatment to up to 0.4 mg mL(-1) AuG0 NPs. Change in the absorption spectra of AuG0 NP in the mammalian cell culture media may indicate an alteration of NP properties that contributed to the low toxicity of AuG0 NPs in mammalian cells. For a safe development of PAMAM-based nanomaterials, the difference of sensitivity between mammalian and microbial cells, as well as the modulation of NPs toxicity by medium properties, should be taken into account when designing PAMAM NPs for applications that may lead to their introduction in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Perreault
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, LABTOX, Department of Sanitary and Environment Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, University of Quebec in Montreal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3P8
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61
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Sun Y, Jiao Y, Wang Y, Lu D, Yang W. The strategy to improve gene transfection efficiency and biocompatibility of hyperbranched PAMAM with the cooperation of PEGylated hyperbranched PAMAM. Int J Pharm 2014; 465:112-9. [PMID: 24530382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a promising non-viral gene vector, cationic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer could form complexes with negative charged DNA to mediate efficient gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. However, complicated synthesis technology and potential cytotoxicity limited their application in clinical translational researches. Hyperbranched polyamidoamine (h-PAMAM), which could be synthesized by a simpler one-pot method, has similar properties with PAMAM, and PEGylation modification of h-PAMAM has been used to reduce cytotoxicity. Here we prepared gene delivery system with h-PAMAM and h-PAMAM derivative h-PAMAM-g-PEG, respectively and found that the viability of cells with h-PAMAM-g-PEG was quite higher in comparison with cells with unmodified h-PAMAM. However, gene delivery efficiency was lower with h-PAMAM-g-PEG. Then we used mixture composed of h-PAMAM and h-PAMAM-g-PEG and such composition was designed to reduce cytotoxicity while maintaining high transfection efficiency. Our results indicated that this mixture system of h-PAMAM and h-PAMAM-g-PEG achieved higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity compared with h-PAMAM-only system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunfeng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wuli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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62
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Luo K, He B, Wu Y, Shen Y, Gu Z. Functional and biodegradable dendritic macromolecules with controlled architectures as nontoxic and efficient nanoscale gene vectors. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:818-30. [PMID: 24389086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has provided great potential to revolutionize the treatment of many diseases. This therapy is strongly relied on whether a delivery vector efficiently and safely directs the therapeutic genes into the target tissue/cells. Nonviral gene delivery vectors have been emerging as a realistic alternative to the use of viral analogs with the potential of a clinically relevant output. Dendritic polymers were employed as nonviral vectors due to their branched and layered architectures, globular shape and multivalent groups on their surface, showing promise in gene delivery. In the present review, we try to bring out the recent trend of studies on functional and biodegradable dendritic polymers as nontoxic and efficient gene delivery vectors. By regulating dendritic polymer design and preparation, together with recent progress in the design of biodegradable polymers, it is possible to precisely manipulate their architectures, molecular weight and chemical composition, resulting in predictable tuning of their biocompatibility as well as gene transfection activities. The multifunctional and biodegradable dendritic polymers possessing the desirable characteristics are expected to overcome extra- and intracellular obstacles, and as efficient and nontoxic gene delivery vectors to move into the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Center for Bionanoengineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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63
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Chanphai P, Bekale L, Sanyakamdhorn S, Agudelo D, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Effect of synthetic polymers on polymer–protein interaction. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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64
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Zhang X, Tang W, Yang Z, Luo X, Luo H, Gao D, Chen Y, Jiang Q, Liu J, Jiang Z. PEGylated poly(amine-co-ester) micelles as biodegradable non-viral gene vectors with enhanced stability, reduced toxicity and higher in vivo transfection efficacy. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:4034-4044. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00439f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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65
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Ziemba B, Franiak-Pietryga I, Pion M, Appelhans D, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Voit B, Bryszewska M, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Toxicity and proapoptotic activity of poly(propylene imine) glycodendrimers in vitro: Considering their contrary potential as biocompatible entity and drug molecule in cancer. Int J Pharm 2014; 461:391-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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66
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Chien CT, Liu CY, Wu ZW, Chen PJ, Chu CL, Lin SY. Co-caged gold nanoclusters and methyl motifs lead to detoxification of dendrimers and allow cytosolic access for siRNA transfection. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6730-6737. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01153h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple co-caging strategy for siRNA transfection is reported that focuses on overcoming the two limitations of dendrimers – inherent toxicity and inefficient cytosolic access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Te Chien
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine
- National Health Research Institutes
- Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yeh Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine
- National Health Research Institutes
- Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Wei Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine
- National Health Research Institutes
- Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Jyun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine
- National Health Research Institutes
- Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Chu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology
- College of Medicine
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine
- National Health Research Institutes
- Miaoli County, Taiwan
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67
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Leriche ED, Afonso C, Lange CM, Grossel MC, Truong L, Coadou G, Oulyadi H, Loutelier-Bourhis C. Glycine-modified polyamidoamine dendrimers: synthesis and structural characterization using nuclear magnetic resonance, ion-mobility mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43939a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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68
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Encapsulation of biogenic and synthetic polyamines by nanoparticles PEG and mPEG-anthracene. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 130:30-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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69
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Reyes-Reveles J, Sedaghat-Herati R, Gilley DR, Schaeffer AM, Ghosh KC, Greene TD, Gann HE, Dowler WA, Kramer S, Dean JM, Delong RK. mPEG-PAMAM-G4 nucleic acid nanocomplexes: enhanced stability, RNase protection, and activity of splice switching oligomer and poly I:C RNA. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:4108-15. [PMID: 24164501 PMCID: PMC4295786 DOI: 10.1021/bm4012425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimer chemistries have virtually exploded in recent years with increasing interest in this class of polymers as gene delivery vehicles. An effective nucleic acid delivery vehicle must efficiently bind its cargo and form physically stable complexes. Most importantly, the nucleic acid must be protected in biological fluids and tissues, as RNA is extremely susceptible to nuclease degradation. Here, we characterized the association of nucleic acids with generation 4 PEGylated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (mPEG-PAMAM-G4). We investigated the formation, size, and stability over time of the nanoplexes at various N/P ratios by gel shift and dynamic light scatter spectroscopy (DLS). Further characterization of the mPEG-PAMAM-G4/nucleic acid association was provided by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and by circular dichroism (CD). Importantly, mPEG-PAMAM-G4 complexation protected RNA from treatment with RNase A, degradation in serum, and various tissue homogenates. mPEG-PAMAM-G4 complexation also significantly enhanced the functional delivery of RNA in a novel engineered human melanoma cell line with splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) targeting a recombinant luciferase transcript. mPEG-PAMAM-G4 triconjugates formed between gold nanoparticle (GNP) and particularly manganese oxide (MnO) nanorods, poly IC, an anticancer RNA, showed enhanced cancer-killing activity by an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Reyes-Reveles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897
| | - Reza Sedaghat-Herati
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897
| | - David R. Gilley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897
| | - Ashley M. Schaeffer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897
| | - Kartik C. Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897
| | - Thomas D. Greene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897
| | - Hannah E. Gann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897
| | - Wesley A Dowler
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897
| | - Stephen Kramer
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897
| | - John M. Dean
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897
| | - Robert K. Delong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897
- Corresponding author: R. K. DeLong, Phone: 417-836-5730;
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70
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Seo SJ, Kim TH, Choi SJ, Park JH, Wall IB, Kim HW. Gene delivery techniques for adult stem cell-based regenerative therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1875-91. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, stem cells have been considered to be a promising resource to cure and regenerate damaged or diseased tissues with research extending from basic studies to clinical application. Furthermore, genetically modified stem cells have the potential to reduce tumorigenic risks and achieve safe tissue formation. Recent advances in genetic modification of stem cells have rendered these cells more accessible and stable. The successful genetic modification of stem cells relies heavily on designing vector systems, either viral or nonviral vectors, which can efficiently deliver therapeutic genes to the cells with minimum toxicity. Currently, viral vectors showing high transfection efficiencies still raise safety issues, whereas safer nonviral vectors exhibit extremely poor transfection in stem cells. Here, we attempt to review and discuss the main factors raising concern in previous reports, and devise strategies to solve the issues in gene delivery systems for successful stem cell-targeting regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seog-Jin Seo
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Choi
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, South Korea
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Ivan B Wall
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, South Korea
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University Cheonan 330–714, South Korea
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71
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Dey D, Kumar S, Maiti S, Dhara D. Stopped-flow kinetic studies of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-calf thymus DNA to form dendriplexes. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:13767-74. [PMID: 24087941 DOI: 10.1021/jp406973t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are known to be highly efficient nonviral carriers in gene delivery. Dendrimer-mediated transfection is known to be a function of the dendrimer to DNA charge ratio as well as the size of the dendrimer. In the present study, the binding kinetics of four PAMAM dendrimers (G1, G2, G3, and G4) with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been studied using stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy. The effect of dendrimer-to-DNA charge ratio and dendrimer generation on the binding kinetics was investigated. In most cases, the results of dendrimer-CT-DNA binding can be explained by a two-step reaction mechanism: a rapid electrostatic binding between the dendrimer and DNA, followed by a conformational change of the dendrimer-DNA complex that ultimately leads to DNA condensation. It was observed that the charge ratio on the dendrimer and the DNA phosphate groups, as well as the dendrimer generation (size), has a marked effect on the kinetics of binding between the DNA and the dendrimers. The rate constant (k'1) of the first step was much higher compared to that of the second step (k'2), and both were found to increase with an increase in dendrimer concentration. Among the four generations of dendrimers, G4 exhibited significantly faster binding kinetics compared to the three smaller generation dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 India
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72
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Alexander-Bryant AA, Vanden Berg-Foels WS, Wen X. Bioengineering strategies for designing targeted cancer therapies. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 118:1-59. [PMID: 23768509 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407173-5.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The goals of bioengineering strategies for targeted cancer therapies are (1) to deliver a high dose of an anticancer drug directly to a cancer tumor, (2) to enhance drug uptake by malignant cells, and (3) to minimize drug uptake by nonmalignant cells. Effective cancer-targeting therapies will require both passive- and active-targeting strategies and a thorough understanding of physiologic barriers to targeted drug delivery. Designing a targeted therapy includes the selection and optimization of a nanoparticle delivery vehicle for passive accumulation in tumors, a targeting moiety for active receptor-mediated uptake, and stimuli-responsive polymers for control of drug release. The future direction of cancer targeting is a combinatorial approach, in which targeting therapies are designed to use multiple-targeting strategies. The combinatorial approach will enable combination therapy for delivery of multiple drugs and dual ligand targeting to improve targeting specificity. Targeted cancer treatments in development and the new combinatorial approaches show promise for improving targeted anticancer drug delivery and improving treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A Alexander-Bryant
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wendy S Vanden Berg-Foels
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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73
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Yu S, Li MH, Choi SK, Baker JR, Larson RG. DNA condensation by partially acetylated poly(amido amine) dendrimers: effects of dendrimer charge density on complex formation. Molecules 2013; 18:10707-20. [PMID: 24005965 PMCID: PMC6271276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of poly(amido amine) (or PAMAM) dendrimers to condense semiflexible dsDNA and penetrate cell membranes gives them great potential in gene therapy and drug delivery but their high positive surface charge makes them cytotoxic. Here, we describe the effects of partial neutralization by acetylation on DNA condensation using light scattering, circular dichroism, and single molecule imaging of dendrimer-DNA complexes combed onto surfaces and tethered to those surfaces under flow. We find that DNA can be condensed by generation-five (G5) dendrimers even when the surface charges are more than 65% neutralized, but that such dendrimers bind negligibly when an end-tethered DNA is stretched in flow. We also find that when fully charged dendrimers are introduced by flow to end-tethered DNA, all DNA molecules become equally highly coated with dendrimers at a rate that becomes very fast at high dendrimer concentration, and that dendrimers remain bound during subsequent flow of dendrimer-free buffer. These results suggest that the presence of dendrimer-free DNA coexisting with dendrimer-bound DNA after bulk mixing of the two in solution may result from diffusion-limited irreversible dendrimer-DNA binding, rather than, or in addition to, the previously proposed cooperative binding mechanism of dendrimers to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ming-Hsin Li
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Seok Ki Choi
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James R. Baker
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ronald G. Larson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-734-936-0772; Fax: +1-734-763-0459
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74
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Lewis T, Ganesan V. Interactions between Grafted Cationic Dendrimers and Anionic Bilayer Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9806-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4053049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lewis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for
Computational and Engineering Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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75
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Xiao T, Hou W, Cao X, Wen S, Shen M, Shi X. Dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles modified with folic acid for targeted gene delivery applications. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:1172-1180. [PMID: 32481939 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60138b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a new use of dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au DENPs) modified with folic acid (FA) as a non-viral vector for targeted gene delivery applications. In this study, amine-terminated generation 5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers modified with FA via covalent conjugation were used as templates to synthesize gold nanoparticles with an Au salt/dendrimer molar ratio of 25 : 1. The synthesized FA-modified Au DENPs (Au DENPs-FA) were used as a non-viral vector for the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) into a model cancer cell line (HeLa cells) overexpressing high-affinity FA receptors (FAR). The DNA compaction ability of the formed Au DENPs-FA was systematically characterized using a gel retardation assay, zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering. We show that similar to the Au DENPs vector without FA, the Au DENPs-FA vector was able to compact the pDNA encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) at an N/P ratio of 0.5. Transfection results show that the Au DENPs-FA vector enables much higher luciferase and EGFP gene expression in HeLa cells overexpressing FAR than the Au DENPs without FA, demonstrating the role played by FA-mediated targeting for enhanced gene transfection in target cells. With a lower cytotoxicity than that of the Au DENPs without FA proven by a cell viability assay, the developed FA-modified Au DENPs may be used as a promising non-viral vector for safe and targeted gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
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76
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Vergara-Jaque A, Comer J, Monsalve L, González-Nilo FD, Sandoval C. Computationally efficient methodology for atomic-level characterization of dendrimer-drug complexes: a comparison of amine- and acetyl-terminated PAMAM. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:6801-13. [PMID: 23642174 DOI: 10.1021/jp4000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PAMAM dendrimers have been widely studied as a novel means for controlled drug delivery; however, computational study of dendrimer-drug complexation is made difficult by the conformational flexibility of dendrimers and the nonspecific nature of the dendrimer-drug interactions. Conventional protocols for studying drug binding have been designed primarily for protein substrates, and, therefore, there is a need to establish new protocols to deal with the unique aspects of dendrimers. In this work, we generate cavities in generation-5 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers at selected distances from the center of mass of the dendrimer for the insertion of the model drug: dexamethasone 21-phosphate or Dp21. The complexes are then allowed to equilibrate with distance between centers of mass of the drug and dendrimers confined to selected ranges; the free energy of complexation is estimated by the MM-GBSA (MM, molecular mechanics; GB, generalized Born; SA, surface area) method. For both amine- and modified acetyl-terminated PAMAM at both low and neutral pH, the most favorable free energy of complexation is associated with Dp21 at distance of 15-20 Å from the center of mass of the dendrimer and that smaller or larger distances yield considerably weaker affinity. In agreement with experimental results, we find acetyl-terminated PAMAM at neutral pH to form the least stable complex with Dp21. The greatest affinity is seen in the case of acetyl-terminated PAMAM at low pH, which appears to be due a complex balance of different contributions, which cannot be attributed to electrostatics, van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonds, or charge-charge interactions alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Vergara-Jaque
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Simulation, Universidad de Talca, 2 norte 685, Talca-Chile
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77
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Kuan SL, Stöckle B, Reichenwallner J, Ng DYW, Wu Y, Doroshenko M, Koynov K, Hinderberger D, Müllen K, Weil T. Dendronized albumin core-shell transporters with high drug loading capacity. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:367-76. [PMID: 23210662 DOI: 10.1021/bm301531c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of a core-shell biohybrid consisting of a human serum albumin (HSA) core that serves as a reservoir for lipophilic molecules and a cationized shell region consisting of ethynyl-G2.0-PAMAM or ethynyl-G3.0-PAMAM dendrons. The binding capacity of lipophilic guests was quantified applying electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and five to six out of seven pockets were still available compared with HSA. The attachment of ethynyl-G2.0-PAMAM dendrons to HSA yielded a nontoxic core-shell macromolecule that was clearly uptaken by A549 human epithelial cells due to the presence of the dendritic PAMAM shell. Significantly higher loading of doxorubicin was observed for dendronized G2-DHSA compared with the native protein due to the availability of binding pockets of the HSA core, and interaction with the dendritic shell. Dendronized G2-DHSA-doxorubicin displayed significant cytotoxicity resulting from high drug loading and high stability under different conditions, thus demonstrating its great potential as a transporter for drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seah Ling Kuan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, Germany
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78
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Chan LW, Wang YN, Lin LY, Upton MP, Hwang JH, Pun SH. Synthesis and characterization of anti-EGFR fluorescent nanoparticles for optical molecular imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:167-75. [PMID: 23273065 DOI: 10.1021/bc300355y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging, the visualization of molecular and cellular markers, is a promising method for detection of dysplasia and early cancer in the esophagus and can potentially be used to identify regions of interest for biopsy or tumor margins for resection. EGFR is a previously reported cell surface receptor with stepwise increases in expression during the progression from Barrett's metaplasia to adenocarcinoma. In this work, a 200 nm fluorescent nanoparticle contrast agent was synthesized for targeted imaging of EGFR through a series of surface modifications to dye-encapsulated polystyrene particles. Amino-functionalized polystyrene particles were PEGylated using a heterobifunctional PEG linker. Subsequently, thiolated M225 antibodies were conjugated to maleimide functional groups on attached PEGs for EGFR targeting. In vitro binding studies using flow cytometry demonstrated specific binding of M225-PEG-NP to EGFR-expressing cells with minimal nonspecific binding in EGFR(-) cells. Binding was shown to increase proportionally with the number of conjugated M225 antibodies. Adsorbed formulations with unmodified M225 antibodies, M225 + PEG-NP, were synthesized using the same antibody feeds used in M225-PEG-NP synthesis to determine the contribution of adsorbed antibodies to EGFR targeting. Adsorbed antibodies were less efficient at mediated nanoparticle targeting to EGFR than conjugated antibodies. Finally, M225-PEG-NP demonstrated binding to EGFR-expressing regions in human esophageal tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie W Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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79
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Movassaghian S, Moghimi HR, Shirazi FH, Koshkaryev A, Trivedi MS, Torchilin VP. Efficient down-regulation of PKC-α gene expression in A549 lung cancer cells mediated by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in dendrosomes. Int J Pharm 2012; 441:82-91. [PMID: 23262426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The completion of human genome project has increased our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of many diseases, including cancer, thus providing new opportunities for gene therapy. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AsODN) possess great potential as sequence-specific therapeutic agents, which in contrast to classic treatments provide more efficient and target-specific approach to modulate disease-related genes. To be therapeutically effective, sufficient concentrations of intact AsODN must bypass membrane barriers and access the site of action. In this study, a dendrosome delivery strategy was designed to improve the encapsulation of AsODN in non-cationic liposomes to target PKC-α in lung cancer cells in vitro. Subcellular trafficking of fluorescently labeled AsODN was visualized using confocal microscopy. Uptake and expression of mRNA and target protein after AsODN delivery was measured by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Dendrosomes showed favorable physicochemical parameters: high encapsulation efficiency and uptake in serum-containing medium with no apparent cytotoxicity. AsODN encapsulated in dendrosome efficiently and specifically suppress the target gene at both mRNA and protein levels. Additional in vivo studies on the application of dendrosome as a delivery system for nucleic acid molecules may lead to improvement of this technology and facilitate the development of therapeutic antisense techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Movassaghian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Valiasr Ave., Niayesh Junction, PO Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
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80
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Reducing cytotoxicity while improving anti-cancer drug loading capacity of polypropylenimine dendrimers by surface acetylation. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4304-13. [PMID: 22842039 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylenimine (PPI) dendrimers have been widely used as effective delivery vehicles for drugs and nucleic acids during the past decade. However, biomedical applications of PPI dendrimers were limited because of their serious cytotoxicity and low drug loading capacity. In the present study, acetylated PPI dendrimers with different degrees of acetylation ranging from 14.2% to 94.3% were synthesized and used to encapsulate drugs, including methotrexate sodium, sodium deoxycholate and doxorubicin. Acetylated PPI dendrimers with a degree of acetylation >80% showed a significantly decreased cytotoxicity (>90% cell viability) on MCF-7 and A549 cells. The drug loading capacity of acetylated PPI dendrimers increased proportionally with the degree of acetylation on the dendrimer surface. In addition, 94.3% acetylated PPI dendrimers exhibited a pH-responsive release profile of anticancer drugs loaded within the nanoparticles. The cytotoxicities of methotrexate sodium and doxorubicin on MCF-7 and A549 cells were significantly reduced when they were complexed with acetylated PPI dendrimers with high degrees of acetylation (>80%), owing to sustained drug release from the dendrimers. The results suggest that surface acetylation can reduce the cytotoxicity and improve the anticancer drug loading capacity of cationic dendrimers, and that acetylated PPI dendrimers are promising vehicles for anticancer drugs in clinical trials.
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81
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Perry CC, Urata SM, Lee M, Aguilera JA, Milligan JR. Radioprotective effects produced by the condensation of plasmid DNA with avidin and biotinylated gold nanoparticles. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2012; 51:457-468. [PMID: 22825766 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-012-0429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of aqueous solutions of plasmid DNA with the protein avidin results in significant changes in physical, chemical, and biochemical properties. These effects include increased light scattering, formation of micron-sized particles containing both DNA and protein, and plasmid protection against thermal denaturation, radical attack, and nuclease digestion. All of these changes are consistent with condensation of the plasmid by avidin. Avidin can be displaced from the plasmid at higher ionic strengths. Avidin is not displaced from the plasmid by an excess of a tetra-arginine ligand, nor by the presence of biotin. Therefore, this system offers the opportunity to reversibly bind biotin-labeled species to a condensed DNA-protein complex. An example application is the use of biotinylated gold nanoparticles. This system offers the ability to examine in better detail the chemical mechanisms involved in important radiobiological effects. Examples include protein modulation of radiation damage to DNA, and radiosensitization by gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Perry
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
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82
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de la Fuente M, Raviña M, Sousa-Herves A, Correa J, Riguera R, Fernandez-Megia E, Sánchez A, Alonso MJ. Exploring the efficiency of gallic acid-based dendrimers and their block copolymers with PEG as gene carriers. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1667-81. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a new family of amino-functionalized gallic acid-triethylene glycol (GATG) dendrimers and their block copolymers with polyethylene glycol (PEG) has recently being disclosed. In addition, these dendrimers have shown potential for gene delivery applications, as they efficiently complex nucleic acids and form small and homogeneous dendriplexes. On this basis, the present study aimed to explore the interaction of the engineered dendriplexes with blood components, as well as their stability, cytotoxicity and ability to enter and transfect mammalian cells. Results show that GATG dendrimers can form stable dendriplexes, protect the associated pDNA from degradation, and are biocompatible with HEK-293T cells and erythrocytes. More importantly, dendriplexes are effectively internalized by HEK-293T cells, which are successfully transfected. Besides, PEGylation has a marked influence on the properties of the resulting dendriplexes. While PEGylated GATG dendrimers have improved biocompatibility, the long PEG chains limit their uptake by HEK-293T cells, and thus, their ability to transfect them. As a consequence, the degree of PEGylation in dendriplexes containing dendrimer/block copolymer mixtures emerges as an important parameter to be modulated in order to obtain an optimized stealth formulation able to effectively induce the expression of the encoded protein. Original submitted 29 November 2011; Revised submitted 8 March 2012; Published online 20 July 2012
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Affiliation(s)
- María de la Fuente
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuela Raviña
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Sousa-Herves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Research in Biological Chemistry & Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Correa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Research in Biological Chemistry & Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ricardo Riguera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Research in Biological Chemistry & Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Megia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Research in Biological Chemistry & Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Molecular Image Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria – Clinical Research Institute – of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Spain
| | - María José Alonso
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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83
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Pergushov DV, Babin IA, Zezin AB, Müller AHE. Water-soluble macromolecular co-assemblies of star-shaped polyelectrolytes. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Pergushov
- Department of Chemistry; MV Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991; Moscow; Russia
| | - Ivan A Babin
- Department of Chemistry; MV Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991; Moscow; Russia
| | - Alexander B Zezin
- Department of Chemistry; MV Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991; Moscow; Russia
| | - Axel HE Müller
- Makromolekulare Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen; Universität Bayreuth; D-95440; Bayreuth; Germany
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84
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Sadatmousavi P, Mamo T, Chen P. Diethylene glycol functionalized self-assembling peptide nanofibers and their hydrophobic drug delivery potential. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:3241-50. [PMID: 22641104 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling peptide nanofibers have emerged as important nanobiomaterials, with such applications as delivery of therapeutic agents and vaccines, nanofabrication and biomineralization, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recently a new class of self-assembling peptides has been introduced, which takes into consideration amino acid pairing (AAP) strategies in the peptide sequence design. Even though these peptides have shown promising potential in the design of novel functional biomaterials, they have a propensity to initiate uncontrollable aggregation and be degraded by proteolytic enzymes. These present the most significant challenge in advancing self-assembling peptides for in vitro and in vivo applications. Functionalizing biomaterials with polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been shown to surmount such problems. Here the results of conjugating diethylene glycol (DEG), a short segment of PEG, to one of the AAP peptides, AAP8, with eight amino acids in sequence, are reported. The results indicate that incorporation of DEG into the peptide sequence modulates fiber self-assembly through creating more aligned and uniform nanostructures. This is associated with increasing solubility, stability, and secondary structure β-sheet content of the peptide. The DEG conjugate of AAP8 also shows reduced cellular cytotoxicity. Functionalization of AAP8 improves the capability of the peptide to stabilize and deliver a hydrophobic anticancer compound, ellipticine, in aqueous solution, consequently inducing greater cytotoxicity to lung carcinoma cells over a relatively long time, compared with non-functionalized AAP8. The presented functionalized peptide and its drug delivery application indicate a potentially useful design strategy for novel self-assembling peptide biomaterials for biotechnology and nanomedicine.
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85
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Wang H, Shao N, Qiao S, Cheng Y. Host–Guest Chemistry of Dendrimer–Cyclodextrin Conjugates: Selective Encapsulations of Guests within Dendrimer or Cyclodextrin Cavities Revealed by NOE NMR Techniques. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:11217-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3062916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Regulatory
Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Naimin Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Regulatory
Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Regulatory
Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Regulatory
Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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86
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Buckwalter DJ, Sizovs A, Ingle NP, Reineke TM. MAG versus PEG: Incorporating a Poly(MAG) Layer to Promote Colloidal Stability of Nucleic Acid/"Click Cluster" Complexes. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:609-613. [PMID: 35607071 DOI: 10.1021/mz300081d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) synthesis of an adamantane-conjugated glycopolymer, poly(2-methacrylamido-2-deoxy glucopyranose) (Ad-pMAG), as a hydrophilic coating to promote colloidal stability of click cluster-pDNA complexes in biological media. The Ad-pMAG is assembled via noncovalent interactions through inclusion complex formation between adamantane (Ad) and the β-cyclodextrin (βCD) core of the click cluster/pDNA and then further assembled with plasmid DNA to form polyplexes. Ad-pMAG incorporation was favorable over Ad-poly(ethylene glycol) (Ad-PEG) due to the enhanced colloidal stability of the click cluster/pDNA polyplex under physiological salt conditions at high N/P ratios. Interestingly, the uptake and reporter gene expression with polyplexes coated with the Ad-pMAG was much lower in HeLa cells than that observed with two glioma cell lines (U87 and U251 cells) in vitro, possibly indicating some delivery specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Buckwalter
- Macromolecules and Interfaces
Institute, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia
24061, United States
| | - Antons Sizovs
- Macromolecules and Interfaces
Institute, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia
24061, United States
| | - Nilesh P. Ingle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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87
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Restani RB, Morgado PI, Ribeiro MP, Correia IJ, Aguiar-Ricardo A, Bonifácio VDB. Biocompatible Polyurea Dendrimers with pH-Dependent Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5162-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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88
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Restani RB, Morgado PI, Ribeiro MP, Correia IJ, Aguiar-Ricardo A, Bonifácio VDB. Biocompatible Polyurea Dendrimers with pH-Dependent Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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89
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Abderrezak A, Bourassa P, Mandeville JS, Sedaghat-Herati R, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Dendrimers bind antioxidant polyphenols and cisplatin drug. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33102. [PMID: 22427960 PMCID: PMC3302820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic polymers of a specific shape and size play major role in drug delivery systems. Dendrimers are unique synthetic macromolecules of nanometer dimensions with a highly branched structure and globular shape with potential applications in gene and drug delivery. We examine the interaction of several dendrimers of different compositions mPEG-PAMAM (G3), mPEG-PAMAM (G4) and PAMAM (G4) with hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs cisplatin, resveratrol, genistein and curcumin at physiological conditions. FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopic methods as well as molecular modeling were used to analyse drug binding mode, the binding constant and the effects of drug complexation on dendrimer stability and conformation. Structural analysis showed that cisplatin binds dendrimers in hydrophilic mode via Pt cation and polymer terminal NH(2) groups, while curcumin, genistein and resveratrol are located mainly in the cavities binding through both hydrophobic and hydrophilic contacts. The overall binding constants of durg-dendrimers are ranging from 10(2) M(-1) to 10(3) M(-1). The affinity of dendrimer binding was PAMAM-G4>mPEG-PAMAM-G4>mPEG-PAMAM-G3, while the order of drug-polymer stability was curcumin>cisplatin>genistein>resveratrol. Molecular modeling showed larger stability for genisten-PAMAM-G4 (ΔG = -4.75 kcal/mol) than curcumin-PAMAM-G4 ((ΔG = -4.53 kcal/mol) and resveratrol-PAMAM-G4 ((ΔG = -4.39 kcal/mol). Dendrimers might act as carriers to transport hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Abderrezak
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Bourassa
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Sebastian Mandeville
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Reza Sedaghat-Herati
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Heidar-Ali Tajmir-Riahi
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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90
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Fang M, Zhang J, Wu Q, Xu T, Cheng Y. Host–Guest Chemistry of Dendrimer–Drug Complexes: 7. Formation of Stable Inclusions between Acetylated Dendrimers and Drugs Bearing Multiple Charges. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3075-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211384p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory
of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jiahai Zhang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for
Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui, 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory
of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People’s
Republic of China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, 200062, People’s Republic of China
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91
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Åmand HL, Nordén B, Fant K. Functionalization with C-terminal cysteine enhances transfection efficiency of cell-penetrating peptides through dimer formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 418:469-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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92
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Gene delivery using dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles as nonviral vectors. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3025-35. [PMID: 22248990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of highly efficient nonviral gene delivery vectors still remains a great challenge. In this study, we report a new gene delivery vector based on dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au DENPs) with significantly higher gene transfection efficiency than that of dendrimers without AuNPs entrapped. Amine-terminated generation 5 poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers (G5.NH(2)) were utilized as templates to synthesize AuNPs with different Au atom/dendrimer molar ratios (25:1, 50:1, 75:1, and 100:1, respectively). The formed Au DENPs were used to complex two different pDNAs encoding luciferase (Luc) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), respectively for gene transfection studies. The Au DENPs/pDNA polyplexes with different N/P ratios and compositions of Au DENPs were characterized by gel retardation assay, light scattering, zeta potential measurements, and atomic force microscopic imaging. We show that the Au DENPs can effectively compact the pDNA, allowing for highly efficient gene transfection into the selected cell lines as demonstrated by both Luc assay and fluorescence microscopic imaging of the EGFP expression. The transfection efficiency of Au DENPs with Au atom/dendrimer molar ratio of 25:1 was at least 100 times higher than that of G5.NH(2) dendrimers without AuNPs entrapped at the N/P ratio of 2.5:1. The higher gene transfection efficiency of Au DENPs is primarily due to the fact that the entrapment of AuNPs helps preserve the 3-dimensional spherical morphology of dendrimers, allowing for more efficient interaction between dendrimers and DNA. With the less cytotoxicity than that of G5.NH(2) dendrimers demonstrated by thiazoyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay and higher gene transfection efficiency, it is expected that Au DENPs may be used as a new gene delivery vector for highly efficient transfection of different genes for various biomedical applications.
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93
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Froehlich E, Mandeville JS, Arnold D, Kreplak L, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Effect of PEG and mPEG-Anthracene on tRNA Aggregation and Particle Formation. Biomacromolecules 2011; 13:282-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm2016515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Froehlich
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada G9A 5H7
| | - J. S. Mandeville
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada G9A 5H7
| | - D. Arnold
- Department of Physics, Sir James
Dunn Building, Dalhousie University, Lord
Dalhousie Drive, Halifax, Canada NS B3H 3J5
| | - L. Kreplak
- Department of Physics, Sir James
Dunn Building, Dalhousie University, Lord
Dalhousie Drive, Halifax, Canada NS B3H 3J5
| | - H. A. Tajmir-Riahi
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada G9A 5H7
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94
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Tsai YJ, Hu CC, Chu CC, Imae T. Intrinsically fluorescent PAMAM dendrimer as gene carrier and nanoprobe for nucleic acids delivery: bioimaging and transfection study. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:4283-90. [PMID: 22029823 DOI: 10.1021/bm201196p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study successfully evaluated gene delivery and transfection toward rat C6 glioma cell lines mediated by intrinsic blue fluorescent poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer. We used three antisense oligonucleotides, (AS-ODN) p75, NGF1, and NGF2 for knocking down specific protein expressions. The three oligonucleotides were electrostatically associated with the photoluminescent amino-terminated PAMAM dendrimer to yield fluorescent complexes at various nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N/P) ratios. Compared with pristine PAMAM dendrimer and hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI), the fluorescent PAMAM dendrimer revealed lower in vitro cytotoxicity toward C6 cells, allowing us to transfect the cells with the AS-ODN complexes under a higher N/P ratio. Due to the intrinsic fluorescence, cellular uptake behavior could be directly analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, without additional fluorescence labeling. As expected, the result clearly suggested that the uptake efficiency increased as the N/P value increased. Furthermore, the quantified data obtained from flow cytometry indicated relatively higher uptake efficiency for the p75 complex, which is mainly due to different association patterns between the fluorescent dendrimer and AS-ODNs. At N/P = 20, atomic force microscopic analysis confirmed that the p75 complex formed well-condensed, spherical particles with dimensions less than 200 nm, but that NGF2 AS-ODN associated poorly with the dendrimer. Finally, Western blot analysis indicated that these complexes were capable of knocking down the specific protein expression to a certain level, being comparable to the hyperbranched PEI-mediated gene transfection. Our preliminary results clearly indicated that intrinsic fluorescent PAMAM dendrimers show promise as gene vehicles that can achieve delivery, transfection, and bioimaging at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ju Tsai
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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95
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Movassaghian S, Moghimi HR, Shirazi FH, Torchilin VP. Dendrosome-dendriplex inside liposomes: as a gene delivery system. J Drug Target 2011; 19:925-32. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.628396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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96
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Clayton R, Hardman J, LaBranche CC, McReynolds KD. Evaluation of the synthesis of sialic acid-PAMAM glycodendrimers without the use of sugar protecting groups, and the anti-HIV-1 properties of these compounds. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2186-97. [PMID: 21859137 PMCID: PMC3241508 DOI: 10.1021/bc200331v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of synthesizing six sialic acid-PAMAM glycodendrimers using unprotected sialic acid in as few as 1-4 steps using two different reaction pathways, and to assess the sulfated derivatives for anti-HIV activity. The syntheses were accomplished through either the direct attachment of the sialic acid carboxyl group to amine-terminated PAMAM (a divergent-like approach) using BOP coupling, or by first reacting sialic acid with a polar bifunctional spacer molecule, attaching the sugar-linker to carboxy-terminated PAMAM (a convergent-like approach), and again using BOP-mediated coupling reactions. It was hypothesized that the latter approach would be the most successful method, as any steric congestion between the sialic acid and the PAMAM would be minimized using an intervening polar linker. However, the divergent-like synthesis proved to be the superior method, resulting in 11.4%, 14%, and 28% of the fully substituted generations 0, 1, and 2 sialic acid-PAMAM conjugates, respectively, as compared to 6.4% of only the generation -0.5 sialic acid-linker-PAMAM conjugate for the convergent-like method. Upon sulfation of the four glycodendrimers, binding capabilities to the recombinant HIV protein, gp120, were assessed using an ELISA assay. Compounds that showed promising binding characteristics were then further assessed for inhibition of HIV-1 infection using a well-characterized luciferase reporter gene neutralization assay. The generation 2 sulfated sialic acid-PAMAM glycodendrimer, sulfo-6, bearing 16 sialic acids with 11 sulfate groups incorporated at 4.03% sulfur content by weight, was found to inhibit all four HIV-1 strains tested in the low micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Clayton
- Department of Chemistry California State University, Sacramento 6000 J Street Sacramento, CA 95819-6057 USA
| | - Janee’ Hardman
- Department of Chemistry California State University, Sacramento 6000 J Street Sacramento, CA 95819-6057 USA
| | | | - Katherine D. McReynolds
- Department of Chemistry California State University, Sacramento 6000 J Street Sacramento, CA 95819-6057 USA
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97
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Froehlich E, Mandeville JS, Arnold D, Kreplak L, Tajmir-Riahi HA. PEG and mPEG–Anthracene Induce DNA Condensation and Particle Formation. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:9873-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205079u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Froehlich
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada G9A 5H7
| | - J. S. Mandeville
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada G9A 5H7
| | - D. Arnold
- Department of Physics, Sir James Dunn Building, Dalhousie University, Lord Dalhousie Drive, Halifax, Canada NS B3H 3J5
| | - L. Kreplak
- Department of Physics, Sir James Dunn Building, Dalhousie University, Lord Dalhousie Drive, Halifax, Canada NS B3H 3J5
| | - H. A. Tajmir-Riahi
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada G9A 5H7
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98
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Froehlich E, Mandeville JS, Kreplak L, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Aggregation and particle formation of tRNA by dendrimers. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2780-7. [PMID: 21574643 DOI: 10.1021/bm200547e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Major attention has been focused on dendrimer-DNA complexes because of their applications in gene delivery systems. Dendrimers are also used to transport miRNA and siRNA in vitro. We examine the interaction of tRNA with several dendrimers of different compositions, mPEG-PAMAM (G3), mPEG-PAMAM (G4), and PAMAM (G4) under physiological conditions using constant tRNA concentration and various dendrimer contents. FTIR, UV-visible, and CD spectroscopic methods as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to analyze the macromolecule binding mode, the binding constant, and the effects of dendrimer complexation on RNA stability, aggregation, particle formation, and conformation. Structural analysis showed that dendrimer-tRNA complexation occurred via RNA bases and the backbone phosphate group with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic contacts. The overall binding constants of K(mPEG-G3) = 7.6 (± 0.9) × 10(3) M(-1), K(mPEG-G4) = 1.5 (± 0.40) × 10(4) M(-1), and K(PAMAM-G4) = 5.3 (± 0.60) × 10(4) M(-1) show stronger polymer-RNA complexation by PAMAM-G4 than pegylated dendrimers. RNA remains in the A-family structure, whereas biopolymer aggregation and particle formation occurred at high polymer concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Froehlich
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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99
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Fant K, Nordén B, Lincoln P. Using Ethidium To Probe Nonequilibrium States of DNA Condensed for Gene Delivery. Biochemistry 2011; 50:1125-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bi1015887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Fant
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Nordén
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Per Lincoln
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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100
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Froehlich E, Mandeville JS, Weinert CM, Kreplak L, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Bundling and Aggregation of DNA by Cationic Dendrimers. Biomacromolecules 2010; 12:511-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1013102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Froehlich
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada G9A 5H7, and Department of Physics, Sir James Dunn Building, Dalhousie University Lord Dalhousie Drive, Halifax, Canada NS B3H 3J5
| | - J. S. Mandeville
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada G9A 5H7, and Department of Physics, Sir James Dunn Building, Dalhousie University Lord Dalhousie Drive, Halifax, Canada NS B3H 3J5
| | - C. M. Weinert
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada G9A 5H7, and Department of Physics, Sir James Dunn Building, Dalhousie University Lord Dalhousie Drive, Halifax, Canada NS B3H 3J5
| | - L. Kreplak
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada G9A 5H7, and Department of Physics, Sir James Dunn Building, Dalhousie University Lord Dalhousie Drive, Halifax, Canada NS B3H 3J5
| | - H. A. Tajmir-Riahi
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada G9A 5H7, and Department of Physics, Sir James Dunn Building, Dalhousie University Lord Dalhousie Drive, Halifax, Canada NS B3H 3J5
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