51
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Lv TZ, Wang GS. Antiproliferation potential of withaferin A on human osteosarcoma cells via the inhibition of G2/M checkpoint proteins. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:323-329. [PMID: 26170956 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WA) is a well-known steroidal lactone of the medicinally important plant, Withania somnifera. This secondary metabolite has been noted for its anticancer effects against a number of human cancer cell lines. However, there are a limited number of studies investigating the growth inhibitory potential of WA against human osteosarcoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Thus, in the present study, the antiproliferative activities of WA, along with the underlying mechanisms of action, were investigated using flow cytometry for cell cycle distribution and western blot analysis for the assessment of various checkpoint proteins. In addition, the antiproliferative activity was evaluated using a sulforhodamine B assay, where MG-63 and U2OS human osteosarcoma cell lines were treated with different concentrations of WA. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of the checkpoint proteins in the WA-treated MG-63 and U2OS cells were examined. The results obtained corresponded with the western blot analysis results. Furthermore, WA was shown to significantly inhibit the proliferation of the two types of treated cell lines (MG-63 and U2OS). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that WA induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, which was associated with the inhibition of cyclin B1, cyclin A, Cdk2 and p-Cdc2 (Tyr15) expression and an increase in the levels of p-Chk1 (Ser345) and p-Chk2 (Thr68). In conclusion, the present study found that the antiproliferative potential of WA was associated with the induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, which was a result of the attenuation of the expression levels of G2/M checkpoint proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Zhuo Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Baodi District People's Hospital of Tianjin City, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Shun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Baodi District People's Hospital of Tianjin City, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
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52
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Maher S, Rasool S, Mehmood R, Perveen S, Tareen RB. Trichosides A and B, new withanolide glucosides from Tricholepis eburnea. Nat Prod Res 2015; 32:1-6. [PMID: 25868474 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Trichosides A (1) and B (2), new withanolide glucosides, have been isolated from the n-butanolic fraction of the 75% methanolic extract of aerial parts of Tricholepis eburnea. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis including ESI-MS, 2D NMR and acid hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Maher
- a H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi 75270 , Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Rasool
- a H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi 75270 , Pakistan
| | - Rashad Mehmood
- b Department of Conservation Studies , Hazara University , Mansehra 21120 , Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- c Department of Pharmacognocy , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasool Bakhsh Tareen
- d Department of Botany , University of Balochistan , Sariab Road, Quetta , Pakistan
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53
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Henrich CJ, Brooks AD, Erickson KL, Thomas CL, Bokesch HR, Tewary P, Thompson CR, Pompei RJ, Gustafson KR, McMahon JB, Sayers TJ. Withanolide E sensitizes renal carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by increasing cFLIP degradation. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1666. [PMID: 25719250 PMCID: PMC4669816 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Withanolide E, a steroidal lactone from Physalis peruviana, was found to be highly active for sensitizing renal carcinoma cells and a number of other human cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis. Withanolide E, the most potent and least toxic of five TRAIL-sensitizing withanolides identified, enhanced death receptor-mediated apoptotic signaling by a rapid decline in the levels of cFLIP proteins. Other mechanisms by which TRAIL sensitizers have been reported to work: generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in pro-and antiapoptotic protein expression, death receptor upregulation, activation of intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathways, ER stress, and proteasomal inhibition proved to be irrelevant to withanolide E activity. Loss of cFLIP proteins was not due to changes in expression, but rather destabilization and/or aggregation, suggesting impairment of chaperone proteins leading to degradation. Indeed, withanolide E treatment altered the stability of a number of HSP90 client proteins, but with greater apparent specificity than the well-known HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin. As cFLIP has been reported to be an HSP90 client, this provides a potentially novel mechanism for sensitizing cells to TRAIL. Sensitization of human renal carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by withanolide E and its lack of toxicity were confirmed in animal studies. Owing to its novel activity, withanolide E is a promising reagent for the analysis of mechanisms of TRAIL resistance, for understanding HSP90 function, and for further therapeutic development. In marked contrast to bortezomib, among the best currently available TRAIL sensitizers, withanolide E's more specific mechanism of action suggests minimal toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Henrich
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - A D Brooks
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology and Cancer Inflammation Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - K L Erickson
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - C L Thomas
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - H R Bokesch
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - P Tewary
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology and Cancer Inflammation Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - C R Thompson
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology and Cancer Inflammation Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - R J Pompei
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology and Cancer Inflammation Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - K R Gustafson
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - J B McMahon
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - T J Sayers
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology and Cancer Inflammation Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
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54
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Men RZ, Li N, Ding WJ, Hu ZJ, Ma ZJ, Cheng L. Unprecedent aminophysalin from Physalis angulata. Steroids 2014; 88:60-5. [PMID: 24973634 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 95% ethanol extract of the whole plant of Physalis angulata Linn. afforded one new skeletal physalin named aminophysalin A (1) and one new naturally occurring 5β-hydroxy-6a-chloro-5,6-dihydrophysalin B (2), together with five known physalins (3-7). Their structures were elucidated through MS, IR, NMR spectroscopy analyses and X-ray crystallography. Aminophysalin A (1) had an absolutely unusual structural feature in the chemistry of physalins with a nitrogen atom. Compounds 1-7 were evaluated for quinone reductase activities in hepa 1c1c7 cells. Physalin H (6) showed strong quinone reductase induction activity with IR (Induction ratio, QR induction activity) value of 3.74±0.02, using 4-bromoflavone as a positive control substance (2.17±0.01, 10 μg/mL), while compounds 1, 2, 3, 5 showed weak quinone reductase induction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zhi Men
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wan-Jing Ding
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhi-Juan Hu
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhong-Jun Ma
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
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55
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Wijeratne EMK, Xu YM, Scherz-Shouval R, Marron MT, Rocha DD, Liu MX, Costa-Lotufo LV, Santagata S, Lindquist S, Whitesell L, Gunatilaka AAL. Structure–Activity Relationships for Withanolides as Inducers of the Cellular Heat-Shock Response. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2851-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401279n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Kithsiri Wijeratne
- SW
Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, School
of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and
Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 East Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Ya-Ming Xu
- SW
Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, School
of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and
Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 East Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Ruth Scherz-Shouval
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marilyn T. Marron
- SW
Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, School
of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and
Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 East Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Danilo D. Rocha
- SW
Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, School
of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and
Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 East Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
- Laboratório
de Oncologia Experimental, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, P.O. Box 3157, Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Manping X. Liu
- SW
Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, School
of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and
Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 East Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Leticia V. Costa-Lotufo
- Laboratório
de Oncologia Experimental, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, P.O. Box 3157, Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - A. A. Leslie Gunatilaka
- SW
Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, School
of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and
Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 East Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
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56
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Cao CM, Zhang H, Gallagher RJ, Timmermann BN. Withanolide artifacts formed in methanol. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:2040-2046. [PMID: 24152046 DOI: 10.1021/np400296s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Methanol solutions of the main withanolides (6-8) naturally present in Physalis longifolia yielded five artificial withanolides (1-5), including three new compounds (1-3). Withanolides 1 and 2 were identified as intramolecular Michael addition derivatives, while withanolides 3-5 were the result of intermolecular Michael addition. A comprehensive literature investigation was conducted to identify potential withanolide Michael addition artifacts isolated from Solanaceous species to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Mei Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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57
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Nogueira RC, Rocha VPC, Nonato FR, Tomassini TCB, Ribeiro IM, dos Santos RR, Soares MBP. Genotoxicity and antileishmanial activity evaluation of Physalis angulata concentrated ethanolic extract. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:1304-1311. [PMID: 24231691 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Antileishmanial in vitro tests, as well as Ames and micronucleus assays were performed with a concentrated ethanolic extract of Physalis angulata (EEPA) RESULTS: EEPA did not present mutagenic effect in Salmonella typhimurium strains at concentration reaching 3000 μg/plate and did not induce mutagenic effects after two oral administrations with a 24h interval at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. EEPA presented antileishmanial activity and presented an IC₅₀ value of 5.35 ± 2.50 μg/mL and 4.50 ± 1.17 μg/mL against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes, respectively. In the cytotoxicity test against macrophages, the EEPA had a LC₅₀ of 6.14 ± 0.59 μg/mL. Importantly, the IC₅₀ against L. amazonensis intracellular amastigotes was 1.23 ± 0.11 μg/mL. CONCLUSION EEPA extract is non-mutagenic and presented a promising pharmacological effect against Leishmania parasites.
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58
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Physalins B and F, seco-steroids isolated from Physalis angulata L., strongly inhibit proliferation, ultrastructure and infectivity of Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitology 2013; 140:1811-21. [PMID: 24001147 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182013001297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously observed that physalins have immunomodulatory properties, as well as antileishmanial and antiplasmodial activities. Here, we investigated the anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of physalins B, D, F and G. We found that physalins B and F were the most potent compounds against trypomastigote and epimastigote forms of T. cruzi. Electron microscopy of trypomastigotes incubated with physalin B showed disruption of kinetoplast, alterations in Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, followed by the formation of myelin-like figures, which were stained with MDC to confirm their autophagic vacuole identity. Physalin B-mediated alteration in Golgi apparatus was likely due to T. cruzi protease perturbation; however physalins did not inhibit activity of the trypanosomal protease cruzain. Flow cytometry examination showed that cell death is mainly caused by necrosis. Treatment with physalins reduced the invasion process, as well as intracellular parasite development in macrophage cell culture, with a potency similar to benznidazole. We observed that a combination of physalins and benznidazole has a greater anti-T. cruzi activity than when compounds were used alone. These results indicate that physalins, specifically B and F, are potent and selective trypanocidal agents. They cause structural alterations and induce autophagy, which ultimately lead to parasite cell death by a necrotic process.
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59
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Ji L, Yuan Y, Ma Z, Chen Z, Gan L, Ma X, Huang D. Induction of quinone reductase (QR) by withanolides isolated from Physalis pubescens L. (Solanaceae). Steroids 2013; 78:860-5. [PMID: 23685089 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, it was demonstrated that the dichloromethane extract of Physalis pubescens L. (DEPP) had weak potential quinone reductase (QR) inducing activity, but an UPLC-ESI-MS method with glutathione (GSH) as the substrate revealed that the DEPP had electrophiles (with an α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety). These electrophiles could induce quinone reductase (QR) activity, which might be attributed to the modification of the highly reactive cysteine residues in Keap1. Herein, four withanolides, including three new compounds physapubescin B (2), physapubescin C (3), physapubescin D (4), together with one known steroidal compound physapubescin (1) were isolated. Structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis and that of physapubescin C (3) was confirmed by a combination of molecular modeling and quantum chemical DFT-GIAO calculations. Evaluation of the QR inducing activities of all withanolides indicated potent activities of compounds 1 and 2, which had a common α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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60
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Ozawa M, Morita M, Hirai G, Tamura S, Kawai M, Tsuchiya A, Oonuma K, Maruoka K, Sodeoka M. Contribution of Cage-Shaped Structure of Physalins to Their Mode of Action in Inhibition of NF-κB Activation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:730-5. [PMID: 24900739 DOI: 10.1021/ml400144e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A library of oxygenated natural steroids, including physalins, withanolides, and perulactones, coupled with the synthetic cage-shaped right-side structure of type B physalins, was constructed. SAR studies for inhibition of NF-κB activation showed the importance of both the B-ring and the oxygenated right-side partial structure. The 5β,6β-epoxy derivatives of both physalins and withanolides showed similar profiles of inhibition of NF-κB activation and appeared to act on NF-κB signaling via inhibition of phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. In contrast, type B physalins with C5-C6 olefin functionality inhibited nuclear translocation and DNA binding of RelA/p50 protein dimer, which lie downstream of IκBα degradation, although withanolides having the same AB-ring functionality did not. These results indicated that the right-side partial structure of these steroids influences their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Ozawa
- Synthetic Organic
Chemistry
Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama
351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaki Morita
- Synthetic Organic
Chemistry
Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo,
Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Go Hirai
- Synthetic Organic
Chemistry
Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama
351-0198, Japan
| | - Satoru Tamura
- Synthetic Organic
Chemistry
Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- ERATO-JST, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masao Kawai
- Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555,
Japan
- Nakanoshima Science Laboratory, Osaka Science Museum, 4-2-1 Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka
530-0005, Japan
| | - Ayako Tsuchiya
- Synthetic Organic
Chemistry
Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kana Oonuma
- Synthetic Organic
Chemistry
Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama
351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo,
Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic
Chemistry
Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama
351-0198, Japan
- ERATO-JST, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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He H, Zang LH, Feng YS, Wang J, Liu WW, Chen LX, Kang N, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Qiu F, Ikejima T. Physalin A induces apoptotic cell death and protective autophagy in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:880-888. [PMID: 23647462 DOI: 10.1021/np400017k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Physalin A (1) is a withanolide isolated from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii. In this study, the selective growth inhibitory effects on tumor cells induced by 1 were screened, and the mechanism was investigated on 1-induced growth inhibition, including apoptosis and autophagy, in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. Apoptosis induced by 1 in HT1080 cells was associated with up-regulation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression. However, there were no significant changes in caspase-9, Bid, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression, indicating that 1-induced apoptosis in HT1080 cells occurs mainly through activation of the death receptor-associated extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Autophagy induced by 1 was found to antagonize apoptosis in HT1080 cells. This effect was enhanced by rapamycin and suppressed by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA). Loss of beclin 1 (as an autophagic regulator) function led to similar results to 3MA. However, 1 did not show inhibitory effects on normal human cells (human peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Taken together, these results suggest that 1 may be a promising agent for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Wu SY, Leu YL, Chang YL, Wu TS, Kuo PC, Liao YR, Teng CM, Pan SL. Physalin F induces cell apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells by targeting NF-kappaB and generating reactive oxygen species. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40727. [PMID: 22815798 PMCID: PMC3398016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms of physalin F, an effective purified extract of Physalis angulata L. (Solanacae), in renal carcinoma A498 cells. Methodology/Principal Findings Physalin F was observed to significantly induce cytotoxicity of three human renal carcinoma A498, ACHN, and UO-31 cells in a concentration-dependent manner; this was especially potent in A498 cells. The physalin F-induced cell apoptosis of A498 cells was characterized by MTT assay, nuclear DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Using flow cytometry analysis, physalin F induced A498 cell apoptosis as demonstrated by the accumulation of the sub-G1 phase in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, physalin F-mediated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused Bcl-2 family proteins, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL degradation, which led to disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. These effects were associated with induction of caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, which led to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. However, the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) resulted in the inhibition of these events and reversed physalin F-induced cell apoptosis. In addition, physalin F suppressed NF-κB activity and nuclear translocation of p65 and p50, which was reversed by NAC and GSH. Conclusion Physalin F induced cell apoptosis through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway and suppressed NF-κB activation in human renal cancer A498 cells. Thus, physalin F appears to be a promising anti-cancer agent worthy of further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Taina, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Taina, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ren Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Taina, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Teng
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-MT); (S-LP)
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-MT); (S-LP)
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63
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Morita M, Hirai G, Ohkubo M, Koshino H, Hashizume D, Maruoka K, Sodeoka M. Kinetically Controlled One-Pot Formation of DEFGH-Rings of Type B Physalins through Domino-Type Transformations. Org Lett 2012; 14:3434-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301394b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Morita
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and ERATO-JST, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Go Hirai
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and ERATO-JST, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Megumi Ohkubo
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and ERATO-JST, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koshino
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and ERATO-JST, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and ERATO-JST, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and ERATO-JST, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and ERATO-JST, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Llanos GG, Araujo LM, Jiménez IA, Moujir LM, Bazzocchi IL. Withaferin A-related steroids from Withania aristata exhibit potent antiproliferative activity by inducing apoptosis in human tumor cells. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:499-511. [PMID: 22705001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Six new withanolides (1-6) along with eleven known ones (7-17) were isolated from the leaves of Withania aristata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Semisynthesis of the minority metabolites 7 and 15 from compounds 6 and 9, respectively, as starting material, was performed. The isolated compounds as well as three derivatives (7a, 9a and 9b) of withaferin A were evaluated for cytotoxicity against HeLa (carcinoma of the cervix), A-549 (lung carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) human cancer cell lines, and against normal Vero cells (African green monkey kidney). Five compounds from this series (8, 9a, 9b, 11 and 13) exhibited potent antiproliferative effects on the tumor cells, even higher than the well known anticancer agent, withaferin A (9). Phosphatidylserine externalization, chromatin condensation, and caspase-3 activation clearly indicated apoptosis as a mechanism of action. The structure-activity relationship revealed valuable information on the pharmacophore for withanolide-type compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel G Llanos
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Chen F, Ni Y, Ye Y, Sun H, Li X, Xu S. Stephanthraniline A inhibits the proliferation and activation of T cells in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 685:186-97. [PMID: 22543083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Stephanthraniline A (STA) isolated from the stems of Stephanotis mucronata (Blanco) Merr. was evaluated for their suppression on T cells' immune responses in vitro and in vivo. In vivo, oral administration of STA significantly inhibited T cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. In vitro, STA has inhibitory effects on T cell proliferation induced by CD3/CD28 cross-linking or Con A; additionally, CD4(+) T cells are more sensitive to this inhibition than CD8(+) T cells. STA also suppressed the production of cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17) and mRNA expression of the genes associated with T cell activation, proliferation and differentiation. Our data indicate that STA inhibits the proliferation of T cells by inducing cell cycle arrest but not inducing apoptosis. The inhibitory mechanism of STA on T cells was correlated with the gene change related to multi-signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, we also provided lines of evidence that STA, distinct from glucocorticoids, did not activate the glucocorticoid receptor. These findings would be beneficial for further understanding the therapeutic effects of S. mucronata in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. It also suggested the potential of the natural steroid STA as the effective candidate compounds for use in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
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Jin Z, Mashuta MS, Stolowich NJ, Vaisberg AJ, Stivers NS, Bates PJ, Lewis WH, Hammond GB. Physangulidines A, B, and C: three new antiproliferative withanolides from Physalis angulata L. Org Lett 2012; 14:1230-3. [PMID: 22329497 DOI: 10.1021/ol203498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-directed fractionation of the whole plant of Physalis angulata L. afforded three new antiproliferative withanolides with an unusual carbon framework: physangulidines A (1), B (2), and C (3). Structures of the three isomeric withanolides were determined by a combination of HRMS, NMR spectroscopic, and X-ray crystallographic methods. Each has shown significant antiproliferative activity against DU145 prostate cancer cells. Physangulidine A (1) was further tested against a wide range of additional cancer cell lines and found to exhibit significant antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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67
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Zheng Y, Chen Y, Ren Y, Luan L, Wu Y. An ultra-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of three physalins in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii (Chinese lantern) in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 58:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zhang H, Samadi AK, Cohen MS, Timmermann BN. Anti-proliferative withanolides from the Solanaceae: a structure-activity study. PURE APPL CHEM 2012; 84:1353-1367. [PMID: 24098060 PMCID: PMC3789375 DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-11-10-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As part of our search for bioactive compounds from plant biodiversity, 29 withanolides (1, 3-6, 9, 12-18, and 20-35) were recently isolated from three members of the Solanaceae: Physalis longifolia, Vassobia breviflora, and Withania somnifera. Six derivatives (2, 7, 8, 10, 11, and 19) were prepared from these naturally occurring withanolides. All compounds (1-35) were evaluated for in vitro anti-proliferative activity against an array of cell lines [melanoma cell lines (B16F10, SKMEL28); human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) cell lines (JMAR, MDA1986, DR081-1); breast cancer cell line (Hs578T), and non-malignant human cell line (MRC5)]. This led to the discovery of 15 withanolides, with IC50 values in the range of 0.067-17.4 µM, including withaferin A 1, withaferin A 4,27-diacetate 2, 27-O-glucopyranosylwithaferin A 3, withalongolide H 4, withalongolide C 5, withalongolide A 6, withalongolide A 4,27-diacetate 7, withalongolide A 4,19,27-triacetate 8, withalongolide B 9, withalongolide B 4-acetate 10, withalongolide B 4,19-diacetate 11, withalongolide D 16, withalongolide E 17, withalongolide G 21, and 2,3-dihydrowithaferin A 3-O-sulfate 22). In order to update the growing literature on withanolides and their activities, we summarized the distribution, structural types and anti-proliferative activities for all published withanolides to date. The structure-activity relationship analysis (SARA) confirmed the importance of the presence of a Δ2-1-oxo- functionality in ring A, a 5β,6β-epoxy or 5α-chloro-6β-hydroxy groupings in ring B, and nine carbon side chain with a lactone moiety for cytotoxic activity. Conversely, the SARA indicated that the -OH or -OR groups at C-4, 7, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28 were not contributors to the observed anti-proliferative activity within the systems analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Abbas K. Samadi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Mark S. Cohen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Barbara N. Timmermann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
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Gibson KA, Reese RN, Halaweish FT, Ren Y. Isolation and characterization of a bactericidal withanolide from Physalis virginiana. Pharmacogn Mag 2012; 8:22-8. [PMID: 22438659 PMCID: PMC3307198 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.93307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physalis virginiana (Virginia Groundcherry) is a member of the family Solenaceae. Several species of the Physalis genus have been used traditionally by American Indians as medicinal treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study investigated the antibacterial activity of chemicals extracted from P. virginiana through antibacterial disc and cytotoxicity assays. Isolation and purification of an antimicrobial compound was achieved through flash chromatography and preparative HPLC. Finally, identification of chemical structure was determined from (1)H and (13)C NMR and MS. RESULTS Disc assays showed that crude ethanol extracts were effective antibacterial agents against one gram-negative and seven gram-positive bacterial strains. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that it is less toxic than gentamicin controls. Isolation of the active component showed it to be a relatively polar compound. (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shifts together with HRMS indicated a similar structure to withanolides previously identified from Physalis angulata. HRMS analysis showed a molecular mass of 472.2857 which corresponds to a molecular formula C(28)H(40)O(6). CONCLUSION An antibacterial withanolide was isolated from P. virginiana using flash chromatography and HPLC separations. The chemical structure was determined by NMR and MS to be the withanolide physagulin V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Gibson
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - R. Neil Reese
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Fathi T. Halaweish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Yulin Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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70
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Kim KH, Choi SU, Choi SZ, Son MW, Lee KR. Withanolides from the rhizomes of Dioscorea japonica and their cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6980-4. [PMID: 21661726 DOI: 10.1021/jf2006535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Edible yams are tropical crops that serve as important staple foods in many parts of the world. The rhizome of Dioscorea japonica , well-known as "Japanese yam", is a food and medicinal source known as "San Yak" in Korea. Bioassay-guided fractionation and chemical investigation of the extract of this yam resulted in the identification of two new withanolides, named dioscorolide A (1) and dioscorolide B (2). The structures of these new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and chemical methods. The cytotoxic activities of the isolates (1 and 2) were evaluated by determining their inhibitory effects on four human tumor cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15) and a human normal cell line (HUVEC) using a sulforhodamine B (SRB) bioassay. Compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15) with IC(50) values ranging from 6.3 to 26.9 μM and exhibited lower activity against the normal cell line (HUVEC) with IC(50) values ranging from 27.1 to 28.8 μM, suggesting selective toxicity among tumor and normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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71
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Maldonado E, Pérez-Castorena AL, Garcés C, Martínez M. Philadelphicalactones C and D and other cytotoxic compounds from Physalis philadelphica. Steroids 2011; 76:724-8. [PMID: 21497618 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two new withanolides, philadelphicalactone C (1) and philadelphicalactone D (4), along with the known withaphysacarpin (3), ixocarpanolide (5), philadelphicalactone A (6), and ixocarpalactone A (7) were isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis philadelphica Lam. Structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses and that of philadelphicalactone C (1) was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of all isolates and the derivative 2 against a panel of human cancer cell lines indicated a potent activity of compounds 2, 3, 6, and 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Maldonado
- Instituto de Química, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, D. F., Mexico.
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73
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Misico RI, Nicotra VE, Oberti JC, Barboza G, Gil RR, Burton G. Withanolides and related steroids. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 94:127-229. [PMID: 21833839 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0748-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana I Misico
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina.
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74
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Almeida-Lafetá RC, Ferreira MJP, Emerenciano VP, Kaplan MAC. Withanolides from Aureliana fasciculata var. fasciculata. Helv Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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75
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Pinto NB, Morais TC, Carvalho KMB, Silva CR, Andrade GM, Brito GAC, Veras ML, Pessoa ODL, Rao VS, Santos FA. Topical anti-inflammatory potential of Physalin E from Physalis angulata on experimental dermatitis in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:740-743. [PMID: 20149612 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effect of physalin E, a seco-steroid isolated from Physalis angulata L. was evaluated on acute and chronic models of dermatitis induced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and oxazolone, respectively, in mouse ear. The changes in ear edema/thickness, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and histological and immunohistochemical findings were analysed, as indicators of dermal inflammation. Similar to dexamethasone, topically applied Physalin E (0.125; 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ear) potently inhibited the TPA and oxazolone-induced dermatitis, leading to substantial reductions in ear edema/thickness, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and MPO activity. These effects were reversed by mifepristone, a steroid antagonist and confirmed by immunohistochemical and histopathological analysis. The data suggest that physalin E may be a potent and topically effective anti-inflammatory agent useful to treat the acute and chronic skin inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Pinto
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Ceará, Cel Nunes de Melo 1127, Porangabussu, P.O.B - 3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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76
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Pérez-Castorena AL, Martínez M, Maldonado E. Labdanes and sucrose esters from Physalis sordida. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1271-1276. [PMID: 20575572 DOI: 10.1021/np100127k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Eight new compounds, labdanes 2-4, homoergostane 10, and sucrose esters 12-15, were isolated from aerial parts of Physalis sordida together with several known compounds. Structures of the new compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic evidence and chemical transformations. The structure of 10 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of its methyl ester. Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, and 12-15 was evaluated using the TPA-induced mouse ear edema test. Compounds 12 (IC(50) 0.26 mumol/ear) and 15 (IC(50) 0.24 mumol/ear) showed anti-inflammatory activity similar to that of indomethacin (IC(50) 0.24 mumol/ear).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-L Pérez-Castorena
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan 04510, D.F., Mexico.
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Lusakibanza M, Mesia G, Tona G, Karemere S, Lukuka A, Tits M, Angenot L, Frédérich M. In vitro and in vivo antimalarial and cytotoxic activity of five plants used in congolese traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 129:398-402. [PMID: 20430094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The in vitro antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of methanolic and dichloromethane extracts from five Congolese plants were evaluated. The plants were selected following an ethnobotanical survey conducted in D.R. Congo and focusing on plants used traditionally to treat malaria. The in vivo antimalarial activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts active in vitro was also determined in mice infected by Plasmodium berghei berghei. MATERIALS AND METHODS The growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum strains was evaluated using the measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity. The extracts (aqueous, CH(3)OH, EtOH and CH(2)Cl(2)) were prepared by maceration and tested in vitro against the 3D7 (chloroquine sensitive) and W2 (chloroquine resistant) strains of Plasmodium falciparum and against the human normal fetal lung fibroblasts WI-38 to determine the selectivity index. Some extracts were also used at the dose of 300 mg/kg to evaluate their activity in mice infected since 4 days by Plasmodium berghei. RESULTS Two plants presented a very high activity (IC(50)<3 microg/ml). These plants were Strychnos icaja roots bark (MeOH and CH(2)Cl(2)) and Physalis angulata leaves (MeOH and CH(2)Cl(2)). One plant (Anisopappus chinensis whole plant, MeOH and CH(2)Cl(2)) presented a high activity (IC50<15 microg/ml). The extracts of Anisopappus chinensis and Physalis angulata showed also a good inhibition of parasitemia in vivo. Flavonoids, phenolic acids and terpenes were identified in these plants by a general phytochemical screening method. CONCLUSION Three plants showed a very interesting antiplasmodial activity (Anisopappus chinensis, Physalis angulata and Strychnos icaja) and one of them showed a good selectivity index (>10, Anisopappus chinensis). Anisopappus chinensis and Physalis angulata were also active in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lusakibanza
- University of Kinshasa, Faculty of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Mas C, Ruiz i Altaba A. Small molecule modulation of HH-GLI signaling: current leads, trials and tribulations. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:712-23. [PMID: 20412786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Many human sporadic cancers have been recently shown to require the activity of the Hedgehog-GLI pathway for sustained growth. The survival and expansion of cancer stem cells is also HH-GLI dependent. Here we review the advances on the modulation of HH-GLI signaling by small molecules. We focus on both natural compounds and synthetic molecules that target upstream pathway components, mostly SMOOTHENED, and those that target the last steps of the pathway, the GLI transcription factors. In this review we have sought to provide some bases for useful comparisons, listing original assays used and sources to facilitate comparisons of IC50 values. This area is a rapidly expanding field where biology, medicine and chemistry intersect, both in academia and industry. We also highlight current clinical trials, with positive results in early stages. While we have tried to be exhaustive regarding the molecules, not all data is in the public domain yet. Indeed, we have opted to avoid listing chemical structures but these can be easily found in the references given. Finally, we are hopeful that the best molecules will soon reach the patients but caution about the lack of investment on compounds that lack tight IP positions. While the market in developed nations is expected to compensate the investment and risk of making HH-GLI modulators, other sources or plans must be available for developing nations and poor patient populations. The promise of curing cancer recalls the once revered dream of El Dorado, which taught us that not everything that GLI-tters is gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Mas
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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79
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Helvaci S, Kökdil G, Kawai M, Duran N, Duran G, Güvenç A. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts and physalin D from Physalis alkekengi and evaluation of antioxidant potential of physalin D. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:142-150. [PMID: 20645830 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903062606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Physalis alkekengi L. (Solanaceae) is a popular plant in traditional European and Chinese folk medicine, and it has been reported to have many ethnopharmacological properties including antifungal, anti-cough, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and febricide activities. Some active components from Physalis species have been investigated. However, no antimicrobial activity studies on extracts and physalins of P. alkekengi have been carried out. In this study, we attempted to identify the possible antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract from aerial parts of P. alkekengi and the dichloromethane extract from calyces of the plant. The extracts were tested against five Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria and five Candida species by using disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The extracts were fractionated to isolate physalins using chromatographic techniques, and physalin D was isolated from the extracts. The structure of the compound was elucidated on the basis of (1)H-NMR spectroscopic study, and confirmed by comparison with a reference sample and literature data. Results indicated that all the extracts and physalin D were characterized by antibacterial action, especially against Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC values between 32 and 128 microg/mL. The methanol extract had moderate activity against fungi at MICs ranging from 128 to 512 microg/mL, but the dichloromethane extract and physalin D had low activity against fungi at MICs ranging from 256 to 512 microg/mL. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of physalin D was evaluated by qualitative DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical and TBA (thiobarbituric acid) assays. Physalin D showed low antioxidant activity with an IC(50) value of >or= 10 +/- 2.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Helvaci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin, Turkey
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80
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Virginols A-C, three new withanolides from Physalis virginiana. Steroids 2010; 75:346-9. [PMID: 20116389 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Virginols A-C are three new withanolides containing an epoxylactol at the side chain. They were isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis virginiana Miller. Structures of these compounds were determined by analyses of their spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR. The structure of virginol A was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity of virginols was evaluated in the TPA-induced ear mouse edema model.
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81
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Yu Y, Hamza A, Zhang T, Gu M, Zou P, Newman B, Li Y, Gunatilaka AAL, Zhan CG, Sun D. Withaferin A targets heat shock protein 90 in pancreatic cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:542-51. [PMID: 19769945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and the mechanism of Hsp90 inhibition of Withaferin A (WA), a steroidal lactone occurring in Withania somnifera, in pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Withaferin A exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against pancreatic cancer cells in vitro (with IC(50)s of 1.24, 2.93 and 2.78 microM) in pancreatic cancer cell lines Panc-1, MiaPaCa2 and BxPc3, respectively. Annexin V staining showed that WA induced significant apoptosis in Panc-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting demonstrated that WA inhibited Hsp90 chaperone activity to induce degradation of Hsp90 client proteins (Akt, Cdk4 and glucocorticoid receptor), which was reversed by the proteasomal inhibitor, MG132. WA-biotin pull down assay of Hsp90 using Panc-1 cancer cell lysates and purified Hsp90 showed that WA-biotin binds to C-terminus of Hsp90 which was competitively blocked by unlabeled WA. Co-immunoprecipitation exhibited that WA (10 microM) disrupted Hsp90-Cdc37 complexes from 1 to 24h post-treatment, while it neither blocked ATP binding to Hsp90, nor changed Hsp90-P23 association. WA (3, 6mg/kg) inhibited tumor growth in pancreatic Panc-1 xenografts by 30% and 58%, respectively. These data demonstrate that Withaferin A binds Hsp90, inhibits Hsp90 chaperone activity through an ATP-independent mechanism, results in Hsp90 client protein degradation, and exhibits in vivo anticancer activity against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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82
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Ohkubo M, Hirai G, Sodeoka M. Synthesis of the DFGH ring system of Type B Physalins: Highly Oxygenated, Cage-Shaped Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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83
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Ohkubo M, Hirai G, Sodeoka M. Synthesis of the DFGH ring system of Type B Physalins: Highly Oxygenated, Cage-Shaped Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3862-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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84
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Hafidh RR, Abas F, Abdulamir AS, Jahanshiri F, Bakar FA, Sekawi Z. A Review: Cancer Research of Natural Products in Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2009.69.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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85
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Hosoya T, Arai MA, Koyano T, Kowithayakorn T, Ishibashi M. Naturally occurring small-molecule inhibitors of hedgehog/GLI-mediated transcription. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1082-92. [PMID: 18357592 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant hedgehog (Hh)/GLI signaling pathway causes the formation and progression of a variety of tumors. To search for Hh/GLI inhibitors, we screened for naturally occurring inhibitors of the transcriptional activator GLI1 by using a cell-based assay. We identified zerumbone (1), zerumbone epoxide (2), staurosporinone (9), 6-hydroxystaurosporinone (10), arcyriaflavin C (11) and 5,6-dihydroxyarcyriaflavin A (12) as inhibitors of GLI-mediated transcription. In addition, we isolated physalins F (17) and B (18) from Physalis minima, which are also potent inhibitors. These compounds also inhibited GLI2-mediated transactivation. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis further revealed that 1, 9, 17, and 18 decreased Hh-related component expressions. We also show that inhibitors of GLI-mediated transactivation reduce the level of the antiapoptosis Bcl2 expression. Finally, these identified compounds were cytotoxic to PANC1 pancreatic cancer cells, which express Hh/GLI components. These results strongly suggest that the cytotoxicity of the compounds to PANC1 cells correlates with their inhibition of GLI-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hosoya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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86
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Martín-Herrera D, Abdala S, Benjumea D, Gutiérrez-Luis J. Diuretic activity of some Withania aristata Ait. fractions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 117:496-499. [PMID: 18420363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported on the significant dose-dependent diuretic effects produced in laboratory rats by hot water infusions and methanol extracts of Withania aristata Ait., where notable increases were observed in the excretion of water and sodium, with an interesting potassium-saving effect. The present study gives the results of the diuretic effects in rats of the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and methanol-water fractions of the previously studied methanol extract. Water excretion rate, pH, density, conductivity and content of Na(+), K(+) and Cl(-) were measured in the urine of the rats when subjected to hypersaline conditions. Of the above fractions, the methanol:water extract (100mg/kg) showed the most interesting diuretic activity (25%; p<0.01), which suggested that increase in the polarity of the extracting solvent led to an increase in the concentration of the polar compounds responsible for the diuretic effect. These data, together with previous results on the aqueous and methanol extracts, reaffirm assertions made regarding the effectiveness of the extracts of this plant against urinary pathologies in the Canary Islands folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Martín-Herrera
- Unidad de Farmacología y Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
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87
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Abstract
The Solanaceae is comprised of some 2500 species of cosmopolitan plants, especially native to the American continent. They have great value as food, like the well-known potato, tomato and eggplants, and medicines, like species of Atropa, Withania and Physalis, but many plants of this family are toxic, and sometimes lethal to mammals, in particular to man. Some of them also produce hallucinations and perceptual changes. The toxic species of this family are characterized by the occurrence of a variety of chemical compounds, some of which are responsible for the toxicity and lethality observed after ingestion, while others are suspected to be toxic. In this review, the following toxic compounds belonging to different members of the Solanaceae family are described: Tropane alkaloids ( Atropa, Datura, Hyoscyamus, Mandragora); pyrrolidine and pyrrolic alkaloids ( Nierembergia, Physalis, Solanum); protoalkaloids ( Nierembergia); glycoalkaloids ( Lycopersicon, Solanum); nicotine ( Nicotiana); cardenolides ( Cestrum, Nierembergia); capsaicinoids ( Capsicum); kaurene-type tetracyclic diterpenes ( Cestrum); steroidal glycosides ( Cestrum, Solanum); 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and vitamin D3 ( Cestrum, Solanum, Nierembergia); and withasteroids, withanolides ( Withania), and physalins ( Physalis). Other bioactive chemical constituents of members of this family are sugar esters and lectins. Phenylpropanoids are not included in this paper.
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88
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Acevedo-Quiroz N, Domínguez-Villegas V, Garduño-Ramírez ML. Structure – Activity Relationships of Modified Eremophilanes and Anti-inflammatory Activity Using the TPA Mouse Edema Ear Test. Nat Prod Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0800300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure – activity relationships (SAR) between modified eremophilanes and anti-inflammatory activity are reported. The compounds have shown antioxidant (DPPH model), hypoglycaemic, antihyperglucemic and antidiabetic effects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Acevedo-Quiroz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Av. Universidad 1001, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Valeri Domínguez-Villegas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Av. Universidad 1001, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Garduño-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Av. Universidad 1001, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
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89
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Castro DP, Figueiredo MB, Ribeiro IM, Tomassini TCB, Azambuja P, Garcia ES. Immune depression in Rhodnius prolixus by seco-steroids, physalins. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 54:555-562. [PMID: 18234209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study of the effects of physalins, seco-steroidal substances of Physalis angulata (Solanaceae), on the immune reactions of R. prolixus was carried out. Ecdysis and mortality were not affected by treatment with physalins B, D, F or G (1-10 microg/ml of blood meal). R. prolixus larvae fed with blood containing physalins and inoculated with 1 microl of Enterobacter cloacae beta12 (5 x 10(3)/insect) exhibited mortality rates three times higher than controls. The insects treated with physalin B, and F (1 microg/ml) and inoculated with E. cloacae beta12 showed significant differences on lysozyme activity in the hemolymph compared to untreated insects. Furthermore, physalin D (1 microg/ml) significantly reduced the antibacterial activity. Concerning cellular immune reactions, all insects treated with physalins (1 microg/ml), exhibited drastic reductions in the quantity of yeast cell-hemocyte binding and subsequent internalization. Insects inoculated with bacteria and treated with physalins B, F and G showed reductions of microaggregate formation but physalin D did not. Physalins B and F also reduced total hemocyte count in the hemolymph. These results suggest that, in different ways, probably due to their different chemical structures, physalin B, D, F and G are immunomodulatory substances for the bloodsucking insect, R. prolixus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045900, Brazil
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90
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Lee SW, Pan MH, Chen CM, Chen ZT. Withangulatin I, a New Cytotoxic Withanolide from Physalis angulata. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:234-6. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shwu-Woan Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University
| | | | - Zong-Tsi Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science
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