Efficient Tuning of LUMO Levels of 2,5,8,11-Substituted Perylenediimides via Copper Catalyzed Reactions

Borylation on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']- and naphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b']dichalcogenophenes: different chalcogene atom effects on borylation reaction depending on fused ring structure

The direct borylation reactions of two types of α-silyl-protected acenedichalcogenophenes, i.e., benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']- and naphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b']dichalcogenophenes, were examined, and it was observed that the reaction efficiency largely depends on the fused ring structure and chalcogenophene ring.

2,6-Diacylnaphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximides): synthesis, reduction potentials, and core extension

2,6-Diacyl derivatives of naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide)s have been synthesized via Stille coupling reactions of the corresponding 2,6-distannyl derivative with acyl halides. Reaction of these diketones with hydrazine gave phthalazino[6,7,8,1-lmna]pyridazino[5,4,3-gh][3,8]phenanthroline-5,11(4H,10H)-dione fused-ring derivatives. The products were characterized by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and electrochemistry, modeled using density functional theory calculations, and, in some cases, studied and compared using single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Modification of n-type organic semiconductor performance of perylene diimides by substitution in different positions: two-dimensional π-stacking and hydrogen bonding

Perylene diimides (PDIs) and their derivatives are active n-type semiconducting materials widely used in organic electronic devices. A series of PDI derivatives have been investigated by quantum chemistry calculations combined with Marcus-Hush electron-transfer theory. The substitution of three different sites of a PDI induces large changes in its electron-transfer mobility. 2,5,8,11-Tetrachloro-PDI with four chlorine atoms in ortho positions shows both large electron- and hole-transfer mobilities of 0.116 and 0.650 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) , respectively, indicative of a potentially highly efficient ambipolar organic semiconducting material. The calculated electron-transfer mobility of 1,6,7,12-tetrachloro-PDI is 0.081 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) , which is in good agreement with the experimental result. Octachloro-PDIs have the largest electron mobility among these derivatives, although the π system of the central core is twisted. 2D π-stacking and hydrogen bonds formed at the imide positions are responsible for the large mobility. Simulated anisotropic transport mobility curves of these materials prove the magnitude of the mobility that appears when the measuring transistor channel is along the a-axis of the crystal, which is the direction of hydrogen bond formation.

Perylene imides for organic photovoltaics: yesterday, today, and tomorrow

Perylene imides have been an object of research for 100 years and their derivatives are key n-type semiconductors in the field of organic electronics. While perylene diimides have been applied in many electronic and photonic devices, their use can be traced back to the first efficient organic solar cell. By functionalizing different positions of the in total 12 positions (four peri, four bay, and four ortho-positions) on the perylene core, perylene imides with significantly different optical, electronic and morphological properties may be prepared. Perylene imides and their derivatives have been used in several types of organic photovoltaics, including flat-, and bulk-heterojunction devices as well as dye-sensitized solar cells. Additionally perylene imides-based copolymers or oligomers play an important role in single junction devices. In this review, the relationship between the photovoltaic performance and the structure of perylene imides is discussed.