Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of H-phosphinate esters with chloroarenes

A palladium-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling reaction between aryl pinacol boronates and H-phosphonates in ethanol

The first successful oxidative cross-coupling reaction of aryl phosphorous compounds started from pinacol aryl boronic esters is reported.

Nucleophile promoted gold redox catalysis with diazonium salts: C-Br, C-S and C-P bond formation through catalytic Sandmeyer coupling

Gold-catalyzed C-heteroatom (C-X) coupling reactions are evaluated without using sacrificial oxidants. Vital to the success of this methodology is the nucleophile-assisted activation of aryldiazonium salts, which could be an effective oxidant for converting Au(i) to Au(iii) even without the addition of an assisting ligand or photocatalyst. By accelerating the reaction kinetics to outcompete C-C homo-coupling or diazonium dediazoniation, gold-catalyzed Sandmeyer reactions were achieved with different nucleophiles, forming C-Br, C-S and C-P bonds in high yields and selectivities.

Direct phosphonation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones under transition-metal-free conditions

A direct C–H bond phosphonation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with H-phosphonates, H-phosphinates or H-phosphine oxides has been developed.

Cobalt catalysed, copper assisted C(sp2)–P cross coupling

An efficient C(sp²)–P cross coupling has been achieved using a Co/Cu catalytic system for access to vinyl and aryl phosphonates.

General synthesis of P-stereogenic compounds: the menthyl phosphinate approach

Easily prepared menthyl phosphinates of high diastereoisomeric purity provide versatile intermediates for the synthesis of P-stereogenic compounds.

Nickel-catalysed P–C bond formation via P–H/C–CN cross coupling reactions

Nickel-catalysed P–H/C–CN cross coupling reactions take place efficiently under mild reaction conditions affording the corresponding sp²C–P bonds. This transformation provides a convenient method for the preparation of both arylphosphines and arylphosphine oxides from the readily available P–H compounds and arylnitriles.

A dual catalytic strategy for carbon-phosphorus cross-coupling via gold and photoredox catalysis

A new method for the P-arylation of aryldiazonium salts with H-phosphonates via dual gold and photoredox catalysis is described.

A new method for the P-arylation of aryldiazonium salts with H-phosphonates via dual gold and photoredox catalysis is described. The reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature in the absence of base and/or additives, and offers an efficient approach to arylphosphonates. The reaction is proposed to proceed through a photoredox-promoted generation of an electrophilic arylgold(iii) intermediate that undergoes coupling with the H-phosphonate nucleophile.

A Pd complex of a NNN pincer ligand supported on γ-Fe2O3@SiO2 as the first magnetically recoverable heterogeneous catalyst for C–P bond forming reactions

A Pd complex of the NNN pincer ligand supported on γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂ was used as a new catalyst for a phosphonation reaction.

The synthesis of heteroleptic phosphines

This perspective presents an overview of modern synthetic approaches to heteroleptic phosphines.

Pd-catalyzed carbonylative access to aroyl phosphonates from (hetero)aryl bromides

This first carbonylative coupling employing a phosphorus-based nucleophile provides easy and safe access to acyl phosphonates under mild conditions.

Phosphinate chemistry in the 21st century: a viable alternative to the use of phosphorus trichloride in organophosphorus synthesis

Organophosphorus compounds are important in everyday applications ranging from agriculture to medicine and are used in flame retardants and other materials. Although organophosphorus chemistry is known as a mature and specialized area, researchers would like to develop new methods for synthesizing organophosphorus compounds to improve the safety and sustainability of these chemical processes. The vast majority of compounds that contain a phosphorus-carbon bond are manufactured using phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) as an intermediate. However, these reactions require chlorine, and researchers would like to avoid the use of PCl3 and develop safer chemistry that also decreases energy consumption and minimizes waste. Researchers have already proposed and discussed two primary strategies based on elemental phosphorus (P4 or Pred) or on phosphine (PH3) as alternatives to PCl3. However, phosphinates, an important class of phosphorus compounds defined as any compound with a phosphorus atom attached to two oxygens, R(1)R(2)P(O)(OR) (R(1)/R(2) = hydrogen/carbon), offer another option. This Account discusses the previously neglected potential of these phosphinates as replacements of PCl3 for the preparation of organophosphorus compounds. Because of their strong reductive properties, industry currently uses the simplest members of this class of compounds, hypophosphites, for one major application: electroless plating. In comparison with other proposed PCl3 surrogates, hypophosphorous derivatives can offer improved stability, lower toxicity, higher solubility, and increased atom economy. When their reducing power is harnessed to form phosphorus-carbon or phosphorus-oxygen bonds, these compounds are also rich and versatile precursors to organophosphorus compounds. This Account examines the use of transition metal-catalyzed reactions such as cross-coupling and hydrophosphinylation for phosphorus-carbon bond formation. Because the most important industrial organophosphorus compounds include compounds triply or quadruply bound to oxygen, I also discuss controlled transfer hydrogenation for phosphorus-oxygen bond formation. I hope that this Account will further promote research in this novel and exciting yet much underdeveloped area of phosphinate activation.

A “green” variation of the Hirao reaction: the P–C coupling of diethyl phosphite, alkyl phenyl-H-phosphinates and secondary phosphine oxides with bromoarenes using a P-ligand-free Pd(OAc)2 catalyst under microwave and solvent-free conditions

The general value of the title reaction affording diethyl arylphosphonates, alkyl diphenylphosphinates and tertiary phosphine oxides was demonstrated.