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Dick JM. Chemical composition and the potential for proteomic transformation in cancer, hypoxia, and hyperosmotic stress. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3421. [PMID: 28603672 PMCID: PMC5463988 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes of protein expression that are monitored in proteomic experiments are a type of biological transformation that also involves changes in chemical composition. Accompanying the myriad molecular-level interactions that underlie any proteomic transformation, there is an overall thermodynamic potential that is sensitive to microenvironmental conditions, including local oxidation and hydration potential. Here, up- and down-expressed proteins identified in 71 comparative proteomics studies were analyzed using the average oxidation state of carbon (ZC) and water demand per residue (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}${\overline{n}}_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}}$\end{document}n¯H2O), calculated using elemental abundances and stoichiometric reactions to form proteins from basis species. Experimental lowering of oxygen availability (hypoxia) or water activity (hyperosmotic stress) generally results in decreased ZC or \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}${\overline{n}}_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}}$\end{document}n¯H2O of up-expressed compared to down-expressed proteins. This correspondence of chemical composition with experimental conditions provides evidence for attraction of the proteomes to a low-energy state. An opposite compositional change, toward higher average oxidation or hydration state, is found for proteomic transformations in colorectal and pancreatic cancer, and in two experiments for adipose-derived stem cells. Calculations of chemical affinity were used to estimate the thermodynamic potentials for proteomic transformations as a function of fugacity of O2 and activity of H2O, which serve as scales of oxidation and hydration potential. Diagrams summarizing the relative potential for formation of up- and down-expressed proteins have predicted equipotential lines that cluster around particular values of oxygen fugacity and water activity for similar datasets. The changes in chemical composition of proteomes are likely linked with reactions among other cellular molecules. A redox balance calculation indicates that an increase in the lipid to protein ratio in cancer cells by 20% over hypoxic cells would generate a large enough electron sink for oxidation of the cancer proteomes. The datasets and computer code used here are made available in a new R package, canprot.
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Wang L, Wu H, Wang L, Zhang H, Lu J, Liang Z, Liu T. Asporin promotes pancreatic cancer cell invasion and migration by regulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Cancer Lett 2017; 398:24-36. [PMID: 28400334 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is histopathologically characterized by excessive desmoplasia induced by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Asporin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, is highly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Asporin expression in PSCs and its roles in PSC-pancreatic cancer cell (PCC) interaction remain unclear. The present study firstly showed that Asporin is highly expressed in activated PSCs and is involved in PSC-mediated invasion and migration of PCCs. Exogenous Asporin interacted with the transmembrane receptor CD44 on PCCs to activate NF-κB/p65 and promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PCCs. Furthermore, AKT and ERK pathways participated in Asporin/CD44-induced NF-κB/p65 activation in pancreatic cancer. Asporin had similar effects on PCCs via an autocrine mechanism. Consistent with our in vitro experiments, we showed that Asporin in peritumoral stroma of pancreatic cancer tissues was associated with poor clinical outcome. In conclusion, this is the first study to show that Asporin promotes EMT, invasion, and migration of PCCs by activating CD44-AKT/ERK-NF-κB pathway in paracrine and autocrine manners. Moreover, our results indicate that Asporin may be a prognostic marker and suggest that targeting the tumor microenvironment represents a promising therapeutic strategy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Wang
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Junliang Lu
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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53
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Kumar B, Brown NV, Swanson BJ, Schmitt AC, Old M, Ozer E, Agrawal A, Schuller DE, Teknos TN, Kumar P. High expression of myoferlin is associated with poor outcome in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and is inversely associated with HPV-status. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18665-77. [PMID: 26919244 PMCID: PMC4951318 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoferlin (MYOF) is a member of ferlin family of membrane proteins that was originally discovered as a muscle specific protein. Recent studies have shown that myoferlin is also expressed in other cell types including endothelial cells and cancer cells. However, very little is known about the expression and biological role of myoferlin in head and neck cancer. In this study, we examined expression profile of myoferlin in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and assessed its correlation with disease progression and patient outcome. In univariate analyses, nuclear MYOF was associated with poor overall survival (p<0.001) and these patients had 5.5 times increased hazard of death (95% Cl 3.4-8.8). Nuclear myoferlin expression was also directly associated with tumor recurrence (p<0.001), perineural invasion (p=0.008), extracapsular spread (p=0.009), higher T-stage (p=0.0015) and distant metastasis (p<0.001). In addition, nuclear MYOF expression was directly associated with IL-6 (p<0.001) and inversely with HPV status (p=0.0014). In a subgroup survival analysis, MYOF nuclear+/IL-6+ group had worst survival (84.6% mortality), whereas MYOF nuclear-/IL-6- had the best survival. Similarly, patients with HPV-negative/MYOF-positive tumors had worse survival compared to HPV-positive/MYOF-negative. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that nuclear myoferlin expression independently predicts poor clinical outcome in OPSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicole V Brown
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin J Swanson
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alessandra C Schmitt
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Current affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Matthew Old
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Enver Ozer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David E Schuller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Theodoros N Teknos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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54
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Faria SS, Morris CFM, Silva AR, Fonseca MP, Forget P, Castro MS, Fontes W. A Timely Shift from Shotgun to Targeted Proteomics and How It Can Be Groundbreaking for Cancer Research. Front Oncol 2017; 7:13. [PMID: 28265552 PMCID: PMC5316539 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The fact that cancer is a leading cause of death all around the world has naturally sparked major efforts in the pursuit of novel and more efficient biomarkers that could better serve as diagnostic tools, prognostic predictors, or therapeutical targets in the battle against this type of disease. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has proven itself as a robust and logical alternative to the immuno-based methods that once dominated the field. Nevertheless, intrinsic limitations of classic proteomic approaches such as the natural gap between shotgun discovery-based methods and clinically applicable results have called for the implementation of more direct, hypothesis-based studies such as those made available through targeted approaches, that might be able to streamline biomarker discovery and validation as a means to increase survivability of affected patients. In fact, the paradigm shifting potential of modern targeted proteomics applied to cancer research can be demonstrated by the large number of advancements and increasing examples of new and more useful biomarkers found during the course of this review in different aspects of cancer research. Out of the many studies dedicated to cancer biomarker discovery, we were able to devise some clear trends, such as the fact that breast cancer is the most common type of tumor studied and that most of the research for any given type of cancer is focused on the discovery diagnostic biomarkers, with the exception of those that rely on samples other than plasma and serum, which are generally aimed toward prognostic markers. Interestingly, the most common type of targeted approach is based on stable isotope dilution-selected reaction monitoring protocols for quantification of the target molecules. Overall, this reinforces that notion that targeted proteomics has already started to fulfill its role as a groundbreaking strategy that may enable researchers to catapult the number of viable, effective, and validated biomarkers in cancer clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Faria
- Mastology Program, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU) , Uberlandia , Brazil
| | - Carlos F M Morris
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Adriano R Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Micaella P Fonseca
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Patrice Forget
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit of Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Mariana S Castro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
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55
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Yokobori T, Nishiyama M. TGF-β Signaling in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Progress in Basic and Clinical Research. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6010011. [PMID: 28106769 PMCID: PMC5294964 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily proteins have many important biological functions, including regulation of tissue differentiation, cell proliferation, and migration in both normal and cancer cells. Many studies have reported that TGF-β signaling is associated with disease progression and therapeutic resistance in several cancers. Similarly, TGF-β-induced protein (TGFBI)—a downstream component of the TGF-β signaling pathway—has been shown to promote and/or inhibit cancer. Here, we review the state of basic and clinical research on the roles of TGF-β and TGFBI in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokobori
- Research Program for Omics-based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- Research Program for Omics-based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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56
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Multiplexed Liquid Chromatography-Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry Quantification of Cancer Signaling Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1647:19-45. [PMID: 28808993 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7201-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative evaluation of protein expression across multiple cancer-related signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), MAP kinases, NF-κB, and apoptosis) in tumor tissues may enable the development of a molecular profile for each individual tumor that can aid in the selection of appropriate targeted cancer therapies. Here, we describe the development of a broadly applicable protocol to develop and implement quantitative mass spectrometry assays using cell line models and frozen tissue specimens from colon cancer patients. Cell lines are used to develop peptide-based assays for protein quantification, which are incorporated into a method based on SDS-PAGE protein fractionation, in-gel digestion, and liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM/MS). This analytical platform is then applied to frozen tumor tissues. This protocol can be broadly applied to the study of human disease using multiplexed LC-MRM assays.
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57
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Blomme A, Costanza B, de Tullio P, Thiry M, Van Simaeys G, Boutry S, Doumont G, Di Valentin E, Hirano T, Yokobori T, Gofflot S, Peulen O, Bellahcène A, Sherer F, Le Goff C, Cavalier E, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Jouret F, Cusumano PG, Lifrange E, Muller RN, Goldman S, Delvenne P, De Pauw E, Nishiyama M, Castronovo V, Turtoi A. Myoferlin regulates cellular lipid metabolism and promotes metastases in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:2116-2130. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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58
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Simkova D, Kharaishvili G, Slabakova E, Murray PG, Bouchal J. Glycoprotein asporin as a novel player in tumour microenvironment and cancer progression. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:467-473. [PMID: 27605398 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), major non-collagen components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), have multiple biological roles with diverse effects. Asporin, a member of the SLRPs class I, competes with other molecules in binding to collagen and affects its mineralization. Its role in cancer is only now being elucidated. METHODS The PubMed online database was used to search relevant reviews and original articles. Furthermore, altered asporin expression was analysed in publicly available genome-wide expression data at the Gene Expression Omnibus database. RESULTS Polymorphisms in the N-terminal polyaspartate domain, which binds calcium, are associated with osteoarthritis and prostate cancer. Asporin also promotes the progression of scirrhous gastric cancer where it is required for coordinated invasion by cancer associated fibroblasts and cancer cells. Besides the enhanced expression of asporin observed in multiple cancer types, such as breast, prostate, gastric, pancreas and colon cancer, tumour suppressive effects of asporin were described in triple-negative breast cancer. We also discuss a number of factors modulating asporin expression in different cell types relevant for alterations toing the tumour microenvironment. CONCLUSION The apparent contradicting tumour promoting and suppressive effects of asporin require further investigation. Deciphering the role of asporin and other SLRPs in tumour-stroma interactions is needed for a better understanding of cancer progression and potentially also for novel tumour microenvironment based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Simkova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gvantsa Kharaishvili
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Slabakova
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul G Murray
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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59
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Reichl P, Mikulits W. Accuracy of novel diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: An update for clinicians (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 36:613-25. [PMID: 27278244 PMCID: PMC4930874 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Accurate detection and differential diagnosis of early HCC can significantly improve patient survival. Currently, detection of HCC in clinical practice is performed by diagnostic imaging techniques and determination of serum biomarkers, most notably α-fetoprotein (AFP), fucosylated AFP and des-γ-carboxyprothrombin. However, these methods display limitations in sensitivity and specificity, especially with respect to early stages of HCC. Recently, high-throughput technologies have elucidated many new pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and have led to the discovery of a plethora of novel, non-invasive serum biomarkers. In particular, the combination of AFP with these new candidate molecules has yielded promising results. In this review, we aimed at recapitulating the most recent (2013–2015) developments in HCC biomarker research. We compared promising novel diagnostic serum protein biomarkers, such as annexin A2, the soluble form of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl and thioredoxin, as well as their combinations with AFP. High diagnostic performance (area under the curve >0.75) as shown by threshold-independent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was a prerequisite for inclusion in this review. In addition, we discuss the role and potential of microRNAs in HCC diagnosis and associated methodological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Reichl
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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60
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Lu JF, Pokharel D, Padula MP, Bebawy M. A novel method to detect translation of membrane proteins following microvesicle intercellular transfer of nucleic acids. J Biochem 2016; 160:281-289. [PMID: 27154960 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) serve as vectors of nucleic-acid dissemination and are important mediators of intercellular communication. However, the functionality of packaged nucleic acids on recipient cells following transfer of MV cargo has not been clearly elucidated. This limitation is attributed to a lack of methodology available in assessing protein translation following homotypic intercellular transfer of nucleic acids. Using surface peptide shaving we have demonstrated that MVs derived from human leukaemic cells transfer functional P-glycoprotein transcripts, conferring drug-efflux capacity to recipient cells. We demonstrate expression of newly synthesized protein using Western blot. Furthermore, we show functionality of translated P-gp protein in recipient cells using Calcein-AM dye exclusion assays on flow cytometry. Newly synthesized 170 kDa P-gp was detected in recipient cells after coculture with shaven MVs and these proteins were functional, conferring drug efflux. This is the first demonstration of functionality of transferred nucleic acids between human homotypic cells as well as the translation of the cancer multidrug-resistance protein in recipient cells following intercellular transfer of its transcript. This study supports the significant role of MV's in the transfer of deleterious traits in cancer populations and describes a new paradigm in mechanisms governing the acquisition of traits in cancer cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie F Lu
- Discipline of Pharmacy, the Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Deep Pokharel
- Discipline of Pharmacy, the Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Matthew P Padula
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, the Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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61
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Kim Y, Kang M, Han D, Kim H, Lee K, Kim SW, Kim Y, Park T, Jang JY, Kim Y. Biomarker Development for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2015; 15:100-13. [PMID: 26561977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a common precursor of pancreatic cancer (PC). Much clinical attention has been directed toward IPMNs due to the increase in the prevalence of PC. The diagnosis of IPMN depends primarily on a radiological examination, but the diagnostic accuracy of this tool is not satisfactory, necessitating the development of accurate diagnostic biomarkers for IPMN to prevent PC. Recently, high-throughput targeted proteomic quantification methods have accelerated the discovery of biomarkers, rendering them powerful platforms for the evolution of IPMN diagnostic biomarkers. In this study, a robust multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) pipeline was applied to discovery and verify IPMN biomarker candidates in a large cohort of plasma samples. Through highly reproducible MRM assays and a stringent statistical analysis, 11 proteins were selected as IPMN marker candidates with high confidence in 184 plasma samples, comprising a training (n = 84) and test set (n = 100). To improve the discriminatory power, we constructed a six-protein panel by combining marker candidates. The multimarker panel had high discriminatory power in distinguishing between IPMN and controls, including other benign diseases. Consequently, the diagnostic accuracy of IPMN can be improved dramatically with this novel plasma-based panel in combination with a radiological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikwon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, and §Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea.,Department of Statistics and ⊥Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University , Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - MeeJoo Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, and §Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea.,Department of Statistics and ⊥Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University , Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, and §Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea.,Department of Statistics and ⊥Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University , Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, and §Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea.,Department of Statistics and ⊥Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University , Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - KyoungBun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, and §Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea.,Department of Statistics and ⊥Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University , Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sun-Whe Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, and §Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea.,Department of Statistics and ⊥Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University , Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Yongkang Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, and §Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea.,Department of Statistics and ⊥Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University , Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, and §Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea.,Department of Statistics and ⊥Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University , Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, and §Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea.,Department of Statistics and ⊥Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University , Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, and §Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea.,Department of Statistics and ⊥Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University , Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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62
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Pancreatic preneoplastic lesions plasma signatures and biomarkers based on proteome profiling of mouse models. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1590-8. [PMID: 26512875 PMCID: PMC4705884 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies with a mortality that is almost identical to incidence. Because early detected PDAC is potentially curable, blood-based biomarkers that could detect currently developing neoplasia would improve patient survival and management. PDAC develops from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions, graded from low grade (PanIN1) to high grade (PanIN3). We made the hypothesis that specific proteomic signatures from each precancerous stage exist and are detectable in plasma. Methods: We explored the peptide profiles of microdissected PanIN cells and of plasma samples corresponding to the different PanIN grade from genetically engineered mouse models of PDAC using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) and Chip-MS/MS. Results: We successfully characterised differential peptides profiles from PanIN microdissected cells. We found that plasma from tumor-bearing mice and age-matched controls exhibit discriminative peptide signatures. We also determined plasma peptide signatures corresponding to low- and high-grade precancerous step present in the mice pancreas using the two mass spectrometry technologies. Importantly, we identified biomarkers specific of PanIN3. Conclusions: We demonstrate that benign and advanced PanIN lesions display distinct plasma peptide patterns. This strongly supports the perspectives of developing a non-invasive screening test for prediction and early detection of PDAC.
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Pernikářová V, Bouchal P. Targeted proteomics of solid cancers: from quantification of known biomarkers towards reading the digital proteome maps. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:651-67. [PMID: 26456120 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1094381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The concept of personalized medicine includes novel protein biomarkers that are expected to improve the early detection, diagnosis and therapy monitoring of malignant diseases. Tissues, biofluids, cell lines and xenograft models are the common sources of biomarker candidates that require verification of clinical value in independent patient cohorts. Targeted proteomics - based on selected reaction monitoring, or data extraction from data-independent acquisition based digital maps - now represents a promising mass spectrometry alternative to immunochemical methods. To date, it has been successfully used in a high number of studies answering clinical questions on solid malignancies: breast, colorectal, prostate, ovarian, endometrial, pancreatic, hepatocellular, lung, bladder and others. It plays an important role in functional proteomic experiments that include studying the role of post-translational modifications in cancer progression. This review summarizes verified biomarker candidates successfully quantified by targeted proteomics in this field and directs the readers who plan to design their own hypothesis-driven experiments to appropriate sources of methods and knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Pernikářová
- a Masaryk University , Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry , Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bouchal
- a Masaryk University , Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry , Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno , Czech Republic.,b Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute , Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology , Žlutý kopec 7, 65653 Brno , Czech Republic
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Fahmy K, Gonzalez A, Arafa M, Peixoto P, Bellahcène A, Turtoi A, Delvenne P, Thiry M, Castronovo V, Peulen O. Myoferlin plays a key role in VEGFA secretion and impacts tumor-associated angiogenesis in human pancreas cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:652-63. [PMID: 26311411 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most deadly forms of cancers with no satisfactory treatment to date. Recent studies have identified myoferlin, a ferlin family member, in human pancreas adenocarcinoma where its expression was associated to a bad prognosis. However, the function of myoferlin in pancreas adenocarcinoma has not been reported. In other cell types, myoferlin is involved in several key plasma membrane processes such as fusion, repair, endocytosis and tyrosine kinase receptor activity. In this study, we showed that myoferlin silencing in BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro and in a significant reduction of the tumor volume in chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. In addition to be smaller, the tumors formed by the myoferlin-silenced cells showed a marked absence of functional blood vessels. We further demonstrated that this effect was due, at least in part, to an inhibition of VEGFA secretion by BxPC-3 myoferlin-silenced cells. Using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, we linked the decreased VEGFA secretion to an impairment of VEGFA exocytosis. The clinical relevance of our results was further strengthened by a significant correlation between myoferlin expression in a series of human pancreatic malignant lesions and their angiogenic status evaluated by the determination of the blood vessel density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Fahmy
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Gonzalez
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Arafa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Paul Peixoto
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Akeila Bellahcène
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marc Thiry
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, GIGA-R, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Olivier Peulen
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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65
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Maris P, Blomme A, Palacios AP, Costanza B, Bellahcène A, Bianchi E, Gofflot S, Drion P, Trombino GE, Di Valentin E, Cusumano PG, Maweja S, Jerusalem G, Delvenne P, Lifrange E, Castronovo V, Turtoi A. Asporin Is a Fibroblast-Derived TGF-β1 Inhibitor and a Tumor Suppressor Associated with Good Prognosis in Breast Cancer. PLoS Med 2015; 12:e1001871. [PMID: 26327350 PMCID: PMC4556693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a leading malignancy affecting the female population worldwide. Most morbidity is caused by metastases that remain incurable to date. TGF-β1 has been identified as a key driving force behind metastatic breast cancer, with promising therapeutic implications. METHODS AND FINDINGS Employing immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, we report, to our knowledge for the first time, that asporin is overexpressed in the stroma of most human breast cancers and is not expressed in normal breast tissue. In vitro, asporin is secreted by breast fibroblasts upon exposure to conditioned medium from some but not all human breast cancer cells. While hormone receptor (HR) positive cells cause strong asporin expression, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells suppress it. Further, our findings show that soluble IL-1β, secreted by TNBC cells, is responsible for inhibiting asporin in normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Using recombinant protein, as well as a synthetic peptide fragment, we demonstrate the ability of asporin to inhibit TGF-β1-mediated SMAD2 phosphorylation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and stemness in breast cancer cells. In two in vivo murine models of TNBC, we observed that tumors expressing asporin exhibit significantly reduced growth (2-fold; p = 0.01) and metastatic properties (3-fold; p = 0.045). A retrospective IHC study performed on human breast carcinoma (n = 180) demonstrates that asporin expression is lowest in TNBC and HER2+ tumors, while HR+ tumors have significantly higher asporin expression (4-fold; p = 0.001). Assessment of asporin expression and patient outcome (n = 60; 10-y follow-up) shows that low protein levels in the primary breast lesion significantly delineate patients with bad outcome regardless of the tumor HR status (area under the curve = 0.87; 95% CI 0.78-0.96; p = 0.0001). Survival analysis, based on gene expression (n = 375; 25-y follow-up), confirmed that low asporin levels are associated with a reduced likelihood of survival (hazard ratio = 0.58; 95% CI 0.37-0.91; p = 0.017). Although these data highlight the potential of asporin to serve as a prognostic marker, confirmation of the clinical value would require a prospective study on a much larger patient cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that asporin is a stroma-derived inhibitor of TGF-β1 and a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. High asporin expression is significantly associated with less aggressive tumors, stratifying patients according to the clinical outcome. Future pre-clinical studies should consider options for increasing asporin expression in TNBC as a promising strategy for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Maris
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Blomme
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ana Perez Palacios
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Brunella Costanza
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Akeila Bellahcène
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elettra Bianchi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre Drion
- Animal Facility, GIGA–Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Giovanna Elvi Trombino
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Pino G. Cusumano
- Department of Senology, University Hospital Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Maweja
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Guy Jerusalem
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Lifrange
- Department of Senology, University Hospital Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail: (VC); (AT)
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail: (VC); (AT)
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Zhang M, Li H, He Y, Sun H, Xia L, Wang L, Sun B, Ma L, Zhang G, Li J, Li Y, Xie L. Construction and Deciphering of Human Phosphorylation-Mediated Signaling Transduction Networks. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2745-57. [PMID: 26006110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is the most abundant reversible covalent modification. Human protein kinases participate in almost all biological pathways, and approximately half of the kinases are associated with disease. PhoSigNet was designed to store and display human phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction networks, with additional information related to cancer. It contains 11 976 experimentally validated directed edges and 216 871 phosphorylation sites. Moreover, 3491 differentially expressed proteins in human cancer from dbDEPC, 18 907 human cancer variation sites from CanProVar, and 388 hyperphosphorylation sites from PhosphoSitePlus were collected as annotation information. Compared with other phosphorylation-related databases, PhoSigNet not only takes the kinase-substrate regulatory relationship pairs into account, but also extends regulatory relationships up- and downstream (e.g., from ligand to receptor, from G protein to kinase, and from transcription factor to targets). Furthermore, PhoSigNet allows the user to investigate the impact of phosphorylation modifications on cancer. By using one set of in-house time series phosphoproteomics data, the reconstruction of a conditional and dynamic phosphorylation-mediated signaling network was exemplified. We expect PhoSigNet to be a useful database and analysis platform benefiting both proteomics and cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghuan Zhang
- †Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,‡Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Li
- ‡Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201203, China.,§Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying He
- ‡Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201203, China.,§Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Han Sun
- ‡Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201203, China.,§Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Li Xia
- ⊥Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lishun Wang
- ⊥Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bo Sun
- †Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,‡Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liangxiao Ma
- ‡Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- ‡Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Li
- †Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yixue Li
- †Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,‡Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201203, China.,§Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lu Xie
- ‡Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
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Ding Q, Zhang M, Liu C. Asporin participates in gastric cancer cell growth and migration by influencing EGF receptor signaling. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1783-90. [PMID: 25673058 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Asporin (ASPN), a novel member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family, serves as a key component of the tumor stroma and has been reported to be abnormally expressed in certain types of tumors. Specifically, the proteoglycan was proven to activate the coordinated invasion of scirrhous gastric cancer and cancer-associated fibroblasts. However, the role of ASPN in cancer cell growth and metastasis has not yet been addressed. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the tumoricidal benefits of ASPN on tumorigenesis and progression of gastric cancer. Firstly, it was demonstrated that ASPN was overexpressed in gastric carcinoma tissues when compared to the corresponding non‑cancerous tissues, and it had varied levels of expression in gastric cancer epithelial cell lines. Additionally, we assessed the effects of transient siRNA‑mediated ASPN knockdown on gastric cancer cells. ASPN silencing inhibited proliferation and suppressed the migration of immortalized neoplastic epithelial cells. Furthermore, at the molecular level, we found that downregulation of ASPN blocked the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2, increased the expression of pro-apoptotic molecule Bad, reduced the expression of migration-related proteins CD44 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and abrogated the activation of the phosphorylation status of ERK and epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR). Collectively, our findings indicate that ASPN is upregulated and plays an oncogenic role in gastric cancer progression and metastasis by influencing the EGFR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
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Paraneoplastic Ma Antigen-Like 1 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2015; 44:106-15. [PMID: 25251443 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to identify novel useful clinical biomarker at early stages and to elucidate the molecular background of carcinogenesis in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). METHODS Proteomes of dissected PDACs and adjacent nontumor pancreatic tissues from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections from 10 patients were analyzed using QSTAR Elite liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, ProteinPilot Software, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Expression of potential biomarker candidates was validated immunohistochemically in 50 PDAC patients, followed by survival analyses and statistical comparison of protein expression with clinicopathologic variables. RESULTS Eight hundred five proteins displaying significant quantitative changes were identified in human PDACs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Based on altered expression of downstream molecules, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted up-regulation and/or activation of nuclear factor β-catenin, SOX11, enolase 1, NFE2L2, SP1, SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, HIF-1, and others. From proteome analysis, paraneoplastic Ma antigen-like 1 was selected as a potential biomarker of human PDAC. Furthermore, paraneoplastic neuronal Ma antigen-like 1 immunohistochemical evaluation in 50 PDAC patients revealed that its positive expression was significantly associated with the better overall survival (log-rank test; P = 0.009) and histological differentiation of PDACs (well, moderate, and poor; P = 0.027) as compared with patients with negative expression. CONCLUSION Paraneoplastic Ma antigen-like 1 is suggested as a novel potential clinically useful prognostic biomarker for patients with PDAC.
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Turtoi A, Blomme A, Bianchi E, Maris P, Vannozzi R, Naccarato AG, Delvenne P, De Pauw E, Bevilacqua G, Castronovo V. Accessibilome of human glioblastoma: collagen-VI-alpha-1 is a new target and a marker of poor outcome. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5660-9. [PMID: 25325876 DOI: 10.1021/pr500657w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional targeted therapy has unfortunately failed to improve the outcome of glioblastoma patients. Success stories evidenced by the use of antibody-drug conjugates in other tumor types are encouraging, but targets specific to glioblastoma and accessible through the bloodstream remain scarce. In the current work, we have identified and characterized novel and accessible proteins using an innovative proteomic approach on six human glioblastomas; the corresponding data have been deposited in the PRIDE database identifier PXD001398. Among several clusters of uniquely expressed proteins, we highlight collagen-VI-alpha-1 (COL6A1) as a highly expressed tumor biomarker with low levels in most normal tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of glioma samples from 61 patients demonstrated that COL6A1 is a significant and consistent feature of high-grade glioma. Deposits of COL6A1 were evidenced in the perivascular regions of the tumor-associated vasculature and in glioma cells found in pseudopalisade structures. Retrospective analysis of public gene-expression data sets from over 300 glioma patients demonstrated a significant correlation of poor patient outcome and high COL6A1 expression. In a proof-of-concept study, we use chicken chorioallantoic membrane in vivo model to show that COL6A1 is a reachable target for IV-injected antibodies. The present data warrant further development of human COL6A1 antibodies for assessing the quantitative biodistribution in the preclinical tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Turtoi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer and ‡Department of Pathology, University of Liege , Bat. B23, Liege 4000, Belgium
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TGF-β-Induced (TGFBI) Protein in Melanoma: A Signature of High Metastatic Potential. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:1675-1685. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts, solid stress and other microenvironmental factors in tumor progression and therapy resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:41. [PMID: 24883045 PMCID: PMC4038849 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are not merely masses of neoplastic cells but complex tissues composed of cellular and noncellular elements. This review provides recent data on the main components of a dynamic system, such as carcinoma associated fibroblasts that change the extracellular matrix (ECM) topology, induce stemness and promote metastasis-initiating cells. Altered production and characteristics of collagen, hyaluronan and other ECM proteins induce increased matrix stiffness. Stiffness along with tumor growth-induced solid stress and increased interstitial fluid pressure contribute to tumor progression and therapy resistance. Second, the role of immune cells, cytokines and chemokines is outlined. We discuss other noncellular characteristics of the tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia and extracellular pH in relation to neoangiogenesis. Overall, full understanding of the events driving the interactions between tumor cells and their environment is of crucial importance in overcoming treatment resistance and improving patient outcome.
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da Costa AN, Plymoth A, Santos-Silva D, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Camey S, Guilloreau P, Sangrajrang S, Khuhaprema T, Mendy M, Lesi OA, Chang HK, Oh JK, Lee DH, Shin HR, Kirk GD, Merle P, Beretta L, Hainaut P. Osteopontin and latent-TGF β binding-protein 2 as potential diagnostic markers for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:172-81. [PMID: 24803312 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis B (HB) is the main risk factor for chronic liver disease (CLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in many low-resource countries, where diagnosis is constrained by lack of clinical, histopathological and biomarker resources. We have used proteomics to detect plasma biomarkers that outperform α-Fetoprotein (AFP), the most widely used biomarker for HCC diagnosis in low-resource contexts. Deep-plasma proteome analysis was performed in HCC patients, patients with CLD and in HB-carrier controls from Thailand (South-East Asia) and The Gambia (West-Africa). Mass spectrometry profiling identified latent-transforming growth factor β binding-protein 2 (LTBP2) and Osteopontin (OPN) as being significantly elevated in HCC versus CLD and controls. These two proteins were further analyzed by ELISA in a total of 684 plasma samples, including 183 HCC, 274 CLD and 227 asymptomatic controls. When combined, LTBP2 and OPN showed an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.85 in distinguishing HCC from CLD in subjects with AFP <20 ng/mL. In a prospective cohort of 115 CLD patients from Korea, increased plasma levels of LTBP2 and/or OPN were detected in plasma collected over 2 years prior to diagnosis in 21 subjects who developed HCC. Thus, the combination of LTBP2 and OPN outperformed AFP for diagnosis and prediction of HCC and may therefore improve biomarker-based detection of HBV-related HCC.
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Ansari D, Aronsson L, Sasor A, Welinder C, Rezeli M, Marko-Varga G, Andersson R. The role of quantitative mass spectrometry in the discovery of pancreatic cancer biomarkers for translational science. J Transl Med 2014; 12:87. [PMID: 24708694 PMCID: PMC3998064 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-genomic era, it has become evident that genetic changes alone are not sufficient to understand most disease processes including pancreatic cancer. Genome sequencing has revealed a complex set of genetic alterations in pancreatic cancer such as point mutations, chromosomal losses, gene amplifications and telomere shortening that drive cancerous growth through specific signaling pathways. Proteome-based approaches are important complements to genomic data and provide crucial information of the target driver molecules and their post-translational modifications. By applying quantitative mass spectrometry, this is an alternative way to identify biomarkers for early diagnosis and personalized medicine. We review the current quantitative mass spectrometric technologies and analyses that have been developed and applied in the last decade in the context of pancreatic cancer. Examples of candidate biomarkers that have been identified from these pancreas studies include among others, asporin, CD9, CXC chemokine ligand 7, fibronectin 1, galectin-1, gelsolin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, metalloproteinase inhibitor 1, stromal cell derived factor 4, and transforming growth factor beta-induced protein. Many of these proteins are involved in various steps in pancreatic tumor progression including cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, metastasis, immune response and angiogenesis. These new protein candidates may provide essential information for the development of protein diagnostics and targeted therapies. We further argue that new strategies must be advanced and established for the integration of proteomic, transcriptomic and genomic data, in order to enhance biomarker translation. Large scale studies with meta data processing will pave the way for novel and unexpected correlations within pancreatic cancer, that will benefit the patient, with targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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Turtoi A, Blomme A, Debois D, Somja J, Delvaux D, Patsos G, Di Valentin E, Peulen O, Mutijima EN, De Pauw E, Delvenne P, Detry O, Castronovo V. Organized proteomic heterogeneity in colorectal cancer liver metastases and implications for therapies. Hepatology 2014; 59:924-34. [PMID: 23832580 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tumor heterogeneity is a major obstacle for developing effective anticancer treatments. Recent studies have pointed to large stochastic genetic heterogeneity within cancer lesions, where no pattern seems to exist that would enable a more structured targeted therapy approach. Because to date no similar information is available at the protein (phenotype) level, we employed matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) image-guided proteomics and explored the heterogeneity of extracellular and membrane subproteome in a unique collection of eight fresh human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) liver metastases. Monitoring the spatial distribution of over 1,000 proteins, we found unexpectedly that all liver metastasis lesions displayed a reproducible, zonally delineated pattern of functional and therapeutic biomarker heterogeneity. The peritumoral region featured elevated lipid metabolism and protein synthesis, the rim of the metastasis displayed increased cellular growth, movement, and drug metabolism, whereas the center of the lesion was characterized by elevated carbohydrate metabolism and DNA-repair activity. From the aspect of therapeutic targeting, zonal expression of known and novel biomarkers was evident, reinforcing the need to select several targets in order to achieve optimal coverage of the lesion. Finally, we highlight two novel antigens, LTBP2 and TGFBI, whose expression is a consistent feature of CRC liver metastasis. We demonstrate their in vivo antibody-based targeting and highlight their potential usefulness for clinical applications. CONCLUSION The proteome heterogeneity of human CRC liver metastases has a distinct, organized pattern. This particular hallmark can now be used as part of the strategy for developing rational therapies based on multiple sets of targetable antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Turtoi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GIGA Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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75
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Kawahara T, Hotta N, Ozawa Y, Kato S, Kano K, Yokoyama Y, Nagino M, Takahashi T, Yanagisawa K. Quantitative proteomic profiling identifies DPYSL3 as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-associated molecule that regulates cell adhesion and migration by stabilization of focal adhesion complex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79654. [PMID: 24339867 PMCID: PMC3855176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of how pancreatic cancer cells give rise to distant metastasis is urgently needed in order to provide not only a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, but also to identify novel targets for greatly improved molecular diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. We employed combined proteomic technologies including mass spectrometry and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification peptide tagging to analyze protein profiles of surgically resected human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues. We identified a protein, dihydropyrimidinase-like 3, as highly expressed in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues as well as pancreatic cancer cell lines. Characterization of the roles of dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 in relation to cancer cell adhesion and migration in vitro, and metastasis in vivo was performed using a series of functional analyses, including those employing multiple reaction monitoring proteomic analysis. Furthermore, dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 was found to interact with Ezrin, which has important roles in cell adhesion, motility, and invasion, while that interaction promoted stabilization of an adhesion complex consisting of Ezrin, c-Src, focal adhesion kinase, and Talin1. We also found that exogenous expression of dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 induced activating phosphorylation of Ezrin and c-Src, leading to up-regulation of the signaling pathway. Taken together, the present results indicate successful application of combined proteomic approaches to identify a novel key player, dihydropyrimidinase-like 3, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis, which may serve as an important biomarker and/or drug target to improve therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Kawahara
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoe Hotta
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ozawa
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kato
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keiko Kano
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yanagisawa
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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76
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Torres S, Bartolomé RA, Mendes M, Barderas R, Fernandez-Aceñero MJ, Peláez-García A, Peña C, Lopez-Lucendo M, Villar-Vázquez R, de Herreros AG, Bonilla F, Casal JI. Proteome profiling of cancer-associated fibroblasts identifies novel proinflammatory signatures and prognostic markers for colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6006-19. [PMID: 24025712 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are essential components of the stroma that play a critical role in cancer progression. This study aimed to identify novel CAFs markers that might contribute to the invasion and the prognosis of colorectal cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate mouse model of sporadic colon cancer represents an adequate source for the isolation of CAFs and normal fibroblasts. By using the explants technique, we purified CAFs and normal fibroblasts from colon tissues. Whole-cell extracts and supernatants were subjected to in-depth quantitative proteomic analysis by tandem mass spectrometry. Further validations of upregulated proteins in CAFs were carried out by chemokine microarray and immunohistochemical analyses of mouse and human tissues. RESULTS Using a fold-change of 1.4 or more, we found 132 and 125 differentially expressed proteins in whole-cell extracts and supernatants, respectively. We found CAFs-associated proinflammatory and desmoplastic signatures. The proinflammatory signature was composed of several cytokines. Among them, CCL2 and CCL8 caused an increase in migration and invasion of colorectal cancer KM12 cells. The desmoplastic signature was composed of 30 secreted proteins. In mouse and human samples, expression of LTBP2, CDH11, OLFML3, and, particularly, FSTL1 was significantly increased in the tumoral stroma, without significant expression in the cancer epithelial cells. The combination of CALU and CDH11 stromal expression showed a significant association with disease-free survival and poor prognosis. CONCLUSION We have identified LTBP2, CDH11, OLFML3, and FSTL1 as selective biomarkers of cancer stroma, and CALU and CDH11 as candidate stromal biomarkers of prognostic significance in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Torres
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Proteomics Core Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Department of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz; Department of Oncology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid; and IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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77
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The anti-tumor effect of HDAC inhibition in a human pancreas cancer model is significantly improved by the simultaneous inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75102. [PMID: 24040391 PMCID: PMC3770617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with no satisfactory treatment to date. In this study, we tested whether the combined inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) may results in a better control of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The impact of the concomitant HDAC and COX-2 inhibition on cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle was assessed first in vitro on human pancreas BxPC-3, PANC-1 or CFPAC-1 cells treated with chemical inhibitors (SAHA, MS-275 and celecoxib) or HDAC1/2/3/7 siRNA. To test the potential antitumoral activity of this combination in vivo, we have developed and characterized, a refined chick chorioallantoic membrane tumor model that histologically and proteomically mimics human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The combination of HDAC1/3 and COX-2 inhibition significantly impaired proliferation of BxPC-3 cells in vitro and stalled entirely the BxPC-3 cells tumor growth onto the chorioallantoic membrane in vivo. The combination was more effective than either drug used alone. Consistently, we showed that both HDAC1 and HDAC3 inhibition induced the expression of COX-2 via the NF-kB pathway. Our data demonstrate, for the first time in a Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) model, a significant action of HDAC and COX-2 inhibitors on cancer cell growth, which sets the basis for the development of potentially effective new combinatory therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients.
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78
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Turtoi A, Blomme A, Bellahcène A, Gilles C, Hennequière V, Peixoto P, Bianchi E, Noel A, De Pauw E, Lifrange E, Delvenne P, Castronovo V. Myoferlin Is a Key Regulator of EGFR Activity in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5438-48. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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79
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Kosanam H, Prassas I, Chrystoja CC, Soleas I, Chan A, Dimitromanolakis A, Blasutig IM, Rückert F, Gruetzmann R, Pilarsky C, Maekawa M, Brand R, Diamandis EP. Laminin, gamma 2 (LAMC2): a promising new putative pancreatic cancer biomarker identified by proteomic analysis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2820-32. [PMID: 23798558 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.023507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic cancer, the incidence and mortality curves coincide. One major reason for this high mortality rate in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is the dearth of effective diagnostic, prognostic, and disease-monitoring biomarkers. Unfortunately, existing tumor markers, as well as current imaging modalities, are not sufficiently sensitive and/or specific for early-stage diagnosis. There is, therefore, an urgent need for improved serum markers of the disease. Herein, we performed Orbitrap® mass spectrometry proteomic analysis of four PDAC tissues and their adjacent benign tissues and identified a total of 2190 nonredundant proteins. Sixteen promising candidates were selected for further scrutiny using a systematic scoring algorithm. Our preliminary serum verification of the top four candidates (DSP, LAMC2, GP73, and DSG2) in 20 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and 20 with benign pancreatic cysts, showed a significant (p < 0.05) elevation of LAMC2 in pancreatic cancer serum. Extensive validation of LAMC2 in healthy, benign, and PDAC sera from geographically diverse cohorts (n = 425) (Japan, Europe, and USA) demonstrated a significant increase in levels in early-stage PDAC compared with benign diseases. The sensitivity of LAMC2 was comparable to CA19.9 in all data sets, with an AUC value greater than 0.85 in discriminating healthy patients from early-stage PDAC patients. LAMC2 exhibited diagnostic complementarity with CA19.9 by showing significant (p < 0.001 in two out of three cohorts) elevation in PDAC patients with clinically low CA19.9 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Kosanam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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80
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Zhu J, Nie S, Wu J, Lubman DM. Target proteomic profiling of frozen pancreatic CD24+ adenocarcinoma tissues by immuno-laser capture microdissection and nano-LC-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2791-804. [PMID: 23679566 DOI: 10.1021/pr400139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity of solid tumors represents a common problem in mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis of tissue specimens. Combining immuno-laser capture microdissection (iLCM) and mass spectrometry (MS) provides a means to study proteins that are specific for pure cell subpopulations in complex tissues. CD24, as a cell surface marker for detecting pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs), is directly correlated with the development and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Herein, we describe an in-depth proteomic profiling of frozen pancreatic CD24(+) adenocarcinoma cells from early stage tumors using iLCM and LC-MS/MS and a comparison with CD24(-) cells dissected from patient-matched adjacent normal tissues. Approximately 40 nL of tissue was procured from each specimen and subjected to tandem MS analysis in triplicate. A total of 2665 proteins were identified, with 375 proteins in common that were significantly differentially expressed in CD24(+) versus CD24(-) cells by at least a 2-fold change. The major groups of the differentially overexpressed proteins are involved in promoting tumor cell migration and invasion, immune escape, and tumor progression. Three selected candidates relevant to mediating immune escape, CD59, CD70, and CD74, and a tumor promoter, TGFBI, were further validated by immunohistochemistry analysis on tissue microarrays. These proteins showed significantly increased expression in a large group of clinical pancreatic adenocarcinomas but were negative in all normal pancreas samples. The significant coexpression of these proteins with CD24 suggests that they may play important roles in the progression of pancreatic cancer and could serve as promising prognosis markers and novel therapeutic targets for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Turtoi A, Musmeci D, Naccarato AG, Scatena C, Ortenzi V, Kiss R, Murtas D, Patsos G, Mazzucchelli G, De Pauw E, Bevilacqua G, Castronovo V. Sparc-like protein 1 is a new marker of human glioma progression. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5011-21. [PMID: 22909274 DOI: 10.1021/pr3005698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (glioblastomas) are the most common and deadly brain tumors in adults, currently with no satisfactory treatment available. Apart from de novo glioblastoma, it is currently accepted that these malignancies mainly progress from lower grade glial tumors. However, the molecular entities governing the progression of gliomas are poorly understood. Extracellular and membrane proteins are key biomolecules found at the cell-to-cell communication interface and hence are a promising proteome subpopulation that could help understand the development of glioma. Accordingly, the current study aims at identifying new protein markers of human glioma progression. For this purpose, we used glial tumors generated orthotopically with T98G and U373 human glioma cells in nude mice. This setup allowed also to discriminate the protein origin, namely, human (tumor) or mouse (host). Extracellular and membrane proteins were selectively purified using biotinylation followed by streptavidin affinity chromatography. Isolated proteins were digested and then identified and quantified employing 2D-nano-HPLC-MS/MS analysis. A total of 23 and 27 up-regulated extracellular and membrane proteins were identified in the T98G and U373 models, respectively. Approximately two-thirds of these were predominantly produced by the tumor, whereas the remaining proteins appeared to be mainly overexpressed by the host tissue. Following extensive validation, we have focused our attention on sparc-like protein 1. This protein was further investigated using immunohistochemistry in a large collection of human glioma samples of different grades. The results showed that sparc-like protein 1 expression correlates with glioma grade, suggesting the possible role for this protein in the progression of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Turtoi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Bat. B23, Liege, Belgium.
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Transforming growth Factor-Beta-Induced Protein (TGFBI)/(βig-H3): a matrix protein with dual functions in ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10461-10477. [PMID: 22949874 PMCID: PMC3431872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130810461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBI, also known as βig-H3 and keratoepithelin) is an extracellular matrix protein that plays a role in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions including diabetes, corneal dystrophy and tumorigenesis. Many reports indicate that βig-H3 functions as a tumor suppressor. Loss of βig-H3 expression has been described in several cancers including ovarian cancer and promoter hypermethylation has been identified as an important mechanism for the silencing of the TGFBI gene. Our recent findings that βig-H3 is down-regulated in ovarian cancer and that high concentrations of βig-H3 can induce ovarian cancer cell death support a tumor suppressor role. However, there is also convincing data in the literature reporting a tumor-promoting role for βig-H3. We have shown βig-H3 to be abundantly expressed by peritoneal cells and increase the metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells by promoting cell motility, invasion, and adhesion to peritoneal cells. Our findings suggest that βig-H3 has dual functions and can act both as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter depending on the tumor microenvironment. This article reviews the current understanding of βig-H3 function in cancer cells with particular focus on ovarian cancer.
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84
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Nummela P, Lammi J, Soikkeli J, Saksela O, Laakkonen P, Hölttä E. Transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI) is an anti-adhesive protein regulating the invasive growth of melanoma cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:1663-74. [PMID: 22326753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignancy characterized by high invasive/metastatic potential, with no efficient therapy after metastasis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the invasive/metastatic tendency is therefore important. Our genome-wide gene expression analyses revealed that human melanoma cell lines WM793 and especially WM239 (vertical growth phase and metastatic cells, respectively) overexpress the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein transforming growth factor β induced (TGFBI). In adhesion assays, recombinant TGFBI was strongly anti-adhesive for both melanoma cells and skin fibroblasts. TGFBI further impaired the adhesion of melanoma cells to the adhesive ECM proteins fibronectin, collagen-I, and laminin, known to interact with it. Unexpectedly, WM239 cells migrated/invaded more effectively in three-dimensional collagen-I and Matrigel cultures after knockdown of TGFBI by shRNA expression. However, in the physiological subcutaneous microenvironment in nude mice, after TGFBI knockdown, these cells showed markedly impaired tumor growth and invasive capability; the initially formed small tumors later underwent myxoid degeneration and completely regressed. By contrast, the expanding control tumors showed intense TGFBI staining at the tumor edges, co-localizing with the fibrillar fibronectin/tenascin-C/periostin structures that characteristically surround melanoma cells at invasion fronts. Furthermore, TGFBI was found in similar fibrillar structures in clinical human melanoma metastases as well, co-localizing with fibronectin. These data imply an important role for TGFBI in the ECM deposition and invasive growth of melanoma cells, rendering TGFBI a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Nummela
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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