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Cox DG, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ. The erbB2/HER2/neu receptor polymorphism Ile655Val and breast cancer risk. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2005; 15:447-50. [PMID: 15970791 DOI: 10.1097/01.fpc.0000166822.66754.c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The erbB2 (HER2/neu) gene is found amplified in tumours. A single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 655 (Ile655Val) has been studied in a number of case-control studies with respect to breast cancer risk, with conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between this polymorphism and breast cancer risk in a prospective, predominantly Caucasian cohort of women, the Nurses' Health Study. We genotyped the Ile655Val single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1801200) in 1271 incident breast cancer cases, and 1667 controls who were selected from the Nurses' Health Study blood cohort. Controls were matched to cases on age, menopausal status, fasting status and postmenopausal hormone use at blood draw. An inverse association was observed between the Val/Val genotype and breast cancer risk (Val/Val versus Ile/Ile odds ratio=0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.47-0.98). We conclude that this polymorphism is not associated with an increase in breast cancer risk, and may in fact be associated with a modest decrease in risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Cox
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Lark AL, Livasy CA, Dressler L, Moore DT, Millikan RC, Geradts J, Iacocca M, Cowan D, Little D, Craven RJ, Cance W. High focal adhesion kinase expression in invasive breast carcinomas is associated with an aggressive phenotype. Mod Pathol 2005; 18:1289-94. [PMID: 15861214 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a protein tyrosine kinase expressed in invasive breast cancer that regulates antiapoptotic signaling. We have examined FAK expression by immunohistochemistry using anti-FAK 4.47 in breast tumor samples from a large population-based, case-control study of women participating in the University of North Carolina Breast Specialized Programs of Research Excellence (SPORE), Carolina Breast Cancer Study. In this population, 629 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were stained for FAK and scored as high (3+ or 4+ intensity and > or = 90% positive cells) or otherwise. High FAK expression was associated with poor prognostic indicators including high mitotic index (>10 mitoses per 10 consecutive high-power fields), nuclear grade 3, architectural grade 3, estrogen and progesterone receptor negative, and HER-2/neu overexpressed using CB11 antibody. The association of high FAK expression with HER-2/neu overexpression lends further support that HER-2/neu and FAK collaborate to promote tumorigenesis. The presence of strong FAK expression in many high grade, estrogen- and progesterone-negative breast carcinomas indicates that FAK may be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Lark
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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53
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Canter JA, Kallianpur AR, Parl FF, Millikan RC. Mitochondrial DNA G10398A Polymorphism and Invasive Breast Cancer in African-American Women. Cancer Res 2005; 65:8028-33. [PMID: 16140977 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria generate oxygen-derived free radicals that damage mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as well as nuclear DNA and in turn promote carcinogenesis. The mtDNA G10398A polymorphism alters the structure of Complex I in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, an important site of free radical production. This polymorphism is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. We hypothesized that the 10398A allele is also associated with breast cancer susceptibility. African mitochondria harbor the 10398A allele less frequently than Caucasian mitochondria, which predominantly carry this allele. Mitochondrial genotypes at this locus were therefore determined in two separate populations of African-American women with invasive breast cancer and in controls. A preliminary study at Vanderbilt University (48 cases, 54 controls) uncovered an association between the 10398A allele and invasive breast cancer in African-American women, [odds ratio (OR), 2.90; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.61-18.3; P = 0.11]. We subsequently validated this finding in a large, population-based, case-control study of breast cancer, the Carolina Breast Cancer Study at the University of North Carolina (654 cases, 605 controls). African-American women in this study with the 10398A allele had a significantly increased risk of invasive breast cancer (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.10-2.31; P = 0.013). The 10398A allele remained an independent risk factor after adjustment for other well-accepted breast cancer risk factors. No association was detectable in white women (879 cases, 760 controls; OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.81-1.31; P = 0.81). This study provides novel epidemiologic evidence that the mtDNA 10398A allele influences breast cancer susceptibility in African-American women. mtDNA polymorphisms may be underappreciated factors in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Canter
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nasshville, Tennessee 37212, USA.
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54
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Han W, Kang D, Lee JE, Park IA, Choi JY, Lee KM, Bae JY, Kim S, Shin ES, Lee JE, Shin HJ, Kim SW, Kim SW, Noh DY. A Haplotype Analysis of HER-2 Gene Polymorphisms: Association with Breast Cancer Risk, HER-2 Protein Expression in the Tumor, and Disease Recurrence in Korea. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:4775-8. [PMID: 16000574 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in codon 655 of HER-2 has been extensively studied with inconclusive results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between common variants of HER-2 and breast cancer risk, HER-2 expression, and survival using a haplotype-based stepwise approach. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty-nine SNPs listed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database were screened to identify novel polymorphisms of HER-2 gene in 90 healthy Korean women. Six of 29 SNPs were polymorphic and had greater than 10% of minor allele frequencies. Using these six SNPs, linkage disequilibrium and haplotype patterns were characterized. We tested association between the haplotypes and breast cancer in a large case-control study (n=1,039 cases and 995 controls). Six-hundred two breast cancer patients with follow-up at least 24 months were analyzed for outcome in relation to haplotype. Expression of HER-2 protein was determined by immunohistochemistry in 1,094 cases of invasive breast cancer. RESULTS All six SNPs showed a strong linkage disequilibrium pattern and were considered to belong to one haplotype block. Two haplotype-tagging SNPs (I655V and P1170A) for three common haplotypes (>5%) were genotyped in cases and controls. The haplotypes and individual SNPs were not associated with breast cancer risk. In patients with at least one copy of haplotype I (the most common haplotype), HER-2 expression was 1.5 times higher (P = 0.009) and the prognosis was worse (P = 0.032) compared with patients without having that haplotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the currently identified genetic polymorphisms of HER-2 are not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Korean women, whereas one haplotype does affect protein expression of the tumor and disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonshik Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Korea
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55
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Nelson SE, Gould MN, Hampton JM, Trentham-Dietz A. A case-control study of the HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism in relation to risk of invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2005; 7:R357-64. [PMID: 15987431 PMCID: PMC1143556 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Revised: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of the HER2 proto-oncogene in human cancer cells has been associated with a poor prognosis, and survival improves with therapy targeting the HER2 gene. Animal studies and protein modeling suggest that the Ile655Val polymorphism located in the transmembrane domain of the HER2 protein might influence breast cancer development by altering the efficiency of homodimerization. Methods To investigate this genetic polymorphism, incident cases of invasive breast cancer (N = 1,094) and population controls of a similar age (N = 976) were interviewed during 2001 to 2003 regarding their risk factors for breast cancer. By using DNA collected from buccal samples mailed by the participants, the HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism was evaluated with the Applied Biosystems allelic discrimination assay. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated by logistic regression adjusted for numerous breast cancer risk factors. Analysis was restricted to women with self-reported European descent. Results Prevalence of the Val/Val genotype was 5.6% in cases and 7.1% in controls. In comparison with the Ile/Ile genotype, the Ile/Val genotype was not significantly associated with breast cancer risk (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.18), whereas the Val/Val genotype was associated with a reduced risk (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.92). This inverse association seemed strongest in older women (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.89 for women aged more than 55 years), women without a family history of breast cancer (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.84), postmenopausal women with greater body mass index (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.91 for a body mass index of 25.3 kg/m2 or more), and cases diagnosed with non-localized breast cancer (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.90). Conclusion Although results from our population-based case-control study show an inverse association between the HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism and risk of invasive breast cancer, most other studies of this single-nucleotide polymorphism suggest an overall null association. Any further study of this polymorphism should involve sample populations with complete risk factor information and sufficient power to evaluate gene-environment interactions between the HER2 polymorphism and factors such as age and family history of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Nelson
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael N Gould
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John M Hampton
- University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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56
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Millikan RC, Hummer AJ, Wolff MS, Hishida A, Begg CB. HER2 codon 655 polymorphism and breast cancer: results from kin-cohort and case?control analyses. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 89:309-12. [PMID: 15754131 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-004-2171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several published epidemiologic studies show increased breast cancer risk for carriers of the Val-allele at codon 655 of the HER2 gene. We conducted additional analyses using data from three studies, including case-control analyses stratified on age and kin-cohort analyses using relatives of cases and controls. The results provide additional evidence that HER2 codon 655 genotype may predispose to early-onset breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Millikan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA.
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57
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An HJ, Kim NK, Oh D, Kim SH, Park MJ, Jung MY, Kang H, Kim SG, Lee KP, Lee KS. Her2 V655 genotype and breast cancer progression in Korean women. Pathol Int 2005; 55:48-52. [PMID: 15693849 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2005.01789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The amplification and overexpression of Her2 proto-oncogene have been found to be associated with the development and progression of human breast cancer. A polymorphic valine allele at codon 655 of the Her2 gene (Her2(V655)) was suggested by some authors to be a susceptible genetic factor for the development of breast cancer. The Her2 polymorphism at codon 655 was investigated in 304 Korean women including 177 patients with breast cancer. The association between Her2 genotype and Her2 protein overexpression was also examined in breast cancers by immunohistochemistry. Her2(V655) was not associated with a significant breast cancer risk (odds ratio (OR), 1.792; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.459-6.991). The frequency of homozygous or heterozygous valine allele increased in stage 2 patients (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 0.67-4.19), and patients in stages 3 and 4 (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 0.85-13.42) compared to patients in stage 0. However, an association between the presence of the valine allele and the overexpression of Her2 protein could not be demonstrated. These results suggest that Her2 polymorphism at codon 655 is not associated with the development of breast cancer in Korean women. However, there is a possibility that the valine allele at codon 655 might be related to increased risk of breast cancer progression.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Genes, erbB-2
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genotype
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Korea
- Middle Aged
- Odds Ratio
- Oncogene Proteins v-erbB/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins v-erbB/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Risk Factors
- Valine/genetics
- Valine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung An
- Department of Pathology, Pochon CHA University, 351 Yatapdong Bundang-gu, Sungnam, Kyonggi-do 463-712, South Korea.
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58
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Benusiglio PR, Lesueur F, Luccarini C, Conroy DM, Shah M, Easton DF, Day NE, Dunning AM, Pharoah PD, Ponder BAJ. Common ERBB2 polymorphisms and risk of breast cancer in a white British population: a case-control study. Breast Cancer Res 2005; 7:R204-9. [PMID: 15743501 PMCID: PMC1064135 DOI: 10.1186/bcr982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Revised: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction About two-thirds of the excess familial risk associated with breast cancer is still unaccounted for and may be explained by multiple weakly predisposing alleles. A gene thought to be involved in low-level predisposition to the disease is ERBB2 (HER2). This gene is involved in cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis and is frequently amplified in breast tumours. Its amplification correlates with poor prognosis. Moreover, the coding polymorphism I655V has previously been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Methods We aimed to determine if common polymorphisms (frequency ≥ 5%) in ERBB2 were associated with breast cancer risk in a white British population. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for study: SNP 1 near the promoter, SNP 2 in intron 1, SNP 3 in intron 4, SNP 4 in exon 17 (I655V), and SNP 5 in exon 27 (A1170P). We tested their association with breast cancer in a large case–control study (n = 2192 cases and 2257 controls). Results There were no differences in genotype frequencies between cases and controls for any of the SNPs examined. To investigate the possibility that a common polymorphism not included in our study might be involved in breast cancer predisposition, we also constructed multilocus haplotypes. Our set of SNPs generated all existing (n = 6) common haplotypes and no differences were seen in haplotype frequencies between cases and controls (P = 0.44). Conclusions In our population, common ERBB2 polymorphisms are not involved in predisposition to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Benusiglio
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Donald M Conroy
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick E Day
- EPIC, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bruce AJ Ponder
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
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59
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Kamali-Sarvestani E, Talei AR, Merat A. Ile to Val polymorphism at codon 655 of HER-2 gene and breast cancer risk in Iranian women. Cancer Lett 2004; 215:83-7. [PMID: 15374636 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Revised: 04/15/2004] [Accepted: 04/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The earlier reports on the association between the Ile to Val polymorphism at codon 655 of HER-2 and susceptibility to breast cancer has not been found to hold true for all ethnic populations. Two hundred and four cases and 138 controls were collected to investigate the association of HER-2 Ile655Val polymorphism with the risk of breast cancer development and progression in Iranian population. This association was not found to be significant in the present study (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.67-2.03). The association between HER-2 genotypes frequency and clinicopathological data was also insignificant, suggesting that the HER-2 polymorphism at codon 655 is unlikely to be a susceptibility locus in Iranian patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskandar Kamali-Sarvestani
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box No. 71345-1798, Shiraz Iran.
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60
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Millikan RC, Player J, de Cotret AR, Moorman P, Pittman G, Vannappagari V, Tse CKJ, Keku T. Manganese superoxide dismutase Ala-9Val polymorphism and risk of breast cancer in a population-based case-control study of African Americans and whites. Breast Cancer Res 2004; 6:R264-74. [PMID: 15217492 PMCID: PMC468618 DOI: 10.1186/bcr786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Revised: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A polymorphism in the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene, Ala-9Val, has been examined in association with breast cancer risk in several epidemiologic studies. Results suggest that the Ala allele increases the risk of breast cancer and modifies the effects of environmental exposures that produce oxidative damage to DNA. Methods We examined the role of the MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism in a population-based case–control study of invasive and in situ breast cancer in North Carolina. Genotypes were evaluated for 2025 cases (760 African Americans and 1265 whites) and for 1812 controls (677 African Americans and 1135 whites). Results The odds ratio for MnSOD Ala/Ala versus any MnSOD Val genotypes was not elevated in African Americans (odds ratio = 0.9, 95% confidence interval = 0.7–1.2) or in whites (odds ratio = 1.0, 95% confidence interval = 0.8–1.2). Greater than additive joint effects were observed for the Ala/Ala genotype and smoking, radiation to the chest, and occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. Antagonism was observed between the Ala/Ala genotype and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Conclusions The MnSOD genotype may contribute to an increased risk of breast cancer in the presence of specific environmental exposures. These results provide further evidence for the importance of reactive oxygen species and of oxidative DNA damage in the etiology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Millikan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jon Player
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allan René de Cotret
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patricia Moorman
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gary Pittman
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vani Vannappagari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chiu-Kit J Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Temitope Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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