51
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Nunes DC, Smrekar SE, Safaeinili A, Holt J, Phillips RJ, Seu R, Campbell B. Examination of gully sites on Mars with the shallow radar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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52
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Mangeney A, Roche O, Hungr O, Mangold N, Faccanoni G, Lucas A. Erosion and mobility in granular collapse over sloping beds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jf001462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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53
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Hynek BM, Beach M, Hoke MRT. Updated global map of Martian valley networks and implications for climate and hydrologic processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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54
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Michalski JR, Poulet F, Loizeau D, Mangold N, Dobrea EN, Bishop JL, Wray JJ, McKeown NK, Parente M, Hauber E, Altieri F, Carrozzo FG, Niles PB. The Mawrth Vallis region of Mars: A potential landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. ASTROBIOLOGY 2010; 10:687-703. [PMID: 20950170 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2010.0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission, which will launch in 2011, is to characterize the habitability of a site on Mars through detailed analyses of the composition and geological context of surface materials. Within the framework of established mission goals, we have evaluated the value of a possible landing site in the Mawrth Vallis region of Mars that is targeted directly on some of the most geologically and astrobiologically enticing materials in the Solar System. The area around Mawrth Vallis contains a vast (>1 × 10⁶ km²) deposit of phyllosilicate-rich, ancient, layered rocks. A thick (>150 m) stratigraphic section that exhibits spectral evidence for nontronite, montmorillonite, amorphous silica, kaolinite, saponite, other smectite clay minerals, ferrous mica, and sulfate minerals indicates a rich geological history that may have included multiple aqueous environments. Because phyllosilicates are strong indicators of ancient aqueous activity, and the preservation potential of biosignatures within sedimentary clay deposits is high, martian phyllosilicate deposits are desirable astrobiological targets. The proposed MSL landing site at Mawrth Vallis is located directly on the largest and most phyllosilicate-rich deposit on Mars and is therefore an excellent place to explore for evidence of life or habitability.
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Verba CA, Geissler PE, Titus TN, Waller D. Observations from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE): Martian dust devils in Gusev and Russell craters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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56
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Burr DM, Williams RME, Wendell KD, Chojnacki M, Emery JP. Inverted fluvial features in the Aeolis/Zephyria Plana region, Mars: Formation mechanism and initial paleodischarge estimates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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57
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Ellehoj MD, Gunnlaugsson HP, Taylor PA, Kahanpää H, Bean KM, Cantor BA, Gheynani BT, Drube L, Fisher D, Harri AM, Holstein-Rathlou C, Lemmon MT, Madsen MB, Malin MC, Polkko J, Smith PH, Tamppari LK, Weng W, Whiteway J. Convective vortices and dust devils at the Phoenix Mars mission landing site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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58
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Ivanov MA, Korteniemi J, Kostama VP, Raitala J, Törmänen T, Neukum G. Major episodes in the geologic history of western Promethei Terra, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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59
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Mellon MT, Malin MC, Arvidson RE, Searls ML, Sizemore HG, Heet TL, Lemmon MT, Keller HU, Marshall J. The periglacial landscape at the Phoenix landing site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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60
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Bishop JL, Parente M, Weitz CM, Noe Dobrea EZ, Roach LH, Murchie SL, McGuire PC, McKeown NK, Rossi CM, Brown AJ, Calvin WM, Milliken R, Mustard JF. Mineralogy of Juventae Chasma: Sulfates in the light-toned mounds, mafic minerals in the bedrock, and hydrated silica and hydroxylated ferric sulfate on the plateau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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61
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Metz JM, Grotzinger JP, Mohrig D, Milliken R, Prather B, Pirmez C, McEwen AS, Weitz CM. Sublacustrine depositional fans in southwest Melas Chasma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joannah M. Metz
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - John P. Grotzinger
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - David Mohrig
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Texas at Austin; Austin Texas USA
| | | | | | - Carlos Pirmez
- Shell Exploration and Production Company; Houston Texas USA
| | - Alfred S. McEwen
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
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62
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Hoke MRT, Hynek BM. Roaming zones of precipitation on ancient Mars as recorded in valley networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica R. T. Hoke
- Department of Astrophysical and Planetary ScienceUniversity of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Brian M. Hynek
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Geological SciencesUniversity of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
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63
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Towner MC. Characteristics of large Martian dust devils using Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System visual and infrared images. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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64
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Levy J, Head J, Marchant D. Thermal contraction crack polygons on Mars: Classification, distribution, and climate implications from HiRISE observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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65
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Horváth A, Kereszturi A, Bérczi S, Sik A, Pócs T, Gánti T, Szathmáry E. Analysis of dark albedo features on a southern polar dune field of Mars. ASTROBIOLOGY 2009; 9:90-103. [PMID: 19203240 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2007.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We observed 20-200 m sized low-albedo seepage-like streaks and their annual change on defrosting polar dunes in the southern hemisphere of Mars, based on the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC), and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images. The structures originate from dark spots and can be described as elongated or flowlike and, at places, branching streaks. They frequently have another spotlike structure at their end. Their overall appearance and the correlation between their morphometric parameters suggest that some material is transported downward from the spots and accumulates at the bottom of the dune's slopes. Here, we present possible scenarios for the origin of such streaks, including dry avalanche, liquid CO(2), liquid H(2)O, and gas-phase CO(2). Based on their morphology and the currently known surface conditions of Mars, no model interprets the streaks satisfactorily. The best interpretation of only the morphology and morphometric characteristics is only given by the model that implies some liquid water. The latest HiRISE images are also promising and suggest liquid flow. We suggest, with better knowledge of sub-ice temperatures that result from extended polar solar insolation and the heat insulator capacity of water vapor and water ice, future models and measurements may show that ephemeral water could appear and flow under the surface ice layer on the dunes today.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Horváth
- Collegium Budapest (Institute for Advanced Study), Budapest, Hungary
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66
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Chojnacki M, Hynek BM. Geological context of water-altered minerals in Valles Marineris, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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67
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Okubo CH, Lewis KW, McEwen AS, Kirk RL. Relative age of interior layered deposits in southwest Candor Chasma based on high-resolution structural mapping. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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68
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Fergason RL, Christensen PR. Formation and erosion of layered materials: Geologic and dust cycle history of eastern Arabia Terra, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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69
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Mellon MT, Arvidson RE, Marlow JJ, Phillips RJ, Asphaug E. Periglacial landforms at the Phoenix landing site and the northern plains of Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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70
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Williams JP, Nimmo F, Moore WB, Paige DA. The formation of Tharsis on Mars: What the line-of-sight gravity is telling us. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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71
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Tornabene LL, Moersch JE, McSween HY, Hamilton VE, Piatek JL, Christensen PR. Surface and crater-exposed lithologic units of the Isidis Basin as mapped by coanalysis of THEMIS and TES derived data products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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72
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Formation of gullies on Mars: link to recent climate history and insolation microenvironments implicate surface water flow origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:13258-63. [PMID: 18725636 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803760105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Features seen in portions of a typical midlatitude Martian impact crater show that gully formation follows a geologically recent period of midlatitude glaciation. Geological evidence indicates that, in the relatively recent past, sufficient snow and ice accumulated on the pole-facing crater wall to cause glacial flow and filling of the crater floor with debris-covered glaciers. As glaciation waned, debris-covered glaciers ceased flowing, accumulation zones lost ice, and newly exposed wall alcoves continued as the location for limited snow/frost deposition, entrapment, and preservation. Analysis of the insolation geometry of this pole-facing crater wall, and similar occurrences in other craters at these latitudes on Mars, shows that they are uniquely favored for accumulation of snow and ice, and a relatively more rapid exposure to warmer summer temperatures. We show that, after the last glaciation, melting of residual snow and ice in alcoves could have formed the fluvial channels and sedimentary fans of the gullies. Recent modeling shows that top-down melting can occur in these microenvironments under conditions similar to those currently observed on Mars, if small amounts of snow or frost accumulate in alcoves and channels. Accumulation and melting is even more favored in the somewhat wetter, relatively recent geological past of Mars, after the period of active glaciation.
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73
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Thomson BJ, Bridges NT, Greeley R. Rock abrasion features in the Columbia Hills, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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74
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Golombek MP, Huertas A, Marlow J, McGrane B, Klein C, Martinez M, Arvidson RE, Heet T, Barry L, Seelos K, Adams D, Li W, Matijevic JR, Parker T, Sizemore HG, Mellon M, McEwen AS, Tamppari LK, Cheng Y. Size-frequency distributions of rocks on the northern plains of Mars with special reference to Phoenix landing surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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75
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76
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Milkovich SM, Plaut JJ. Martian South Polar Layered Deposit stratigraphy and implications for accumulation history. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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77
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Piqueux S, Christensen PR. North and south subice gas flow and venting of the seasonal caps of Mars: A major geomorphological agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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78
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Sullivan R, Arvidson R, Bell JF, Gellert R, Golombek M, Greeley R, Herkenhoff K, Johnson J, Thompson S, Whelley P, Wray J. Wind-driven particle mobility on Mars: Insights from Mars Exploration Rover observations at “El Dorado” and surroundings at Gusev Crater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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79
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Bell JF, Rice MS, Johnson JR, Hare TM. Surface albedo observations at Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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80
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Phillips RJ, Zuber MT, Smrekar SE, Mellon MT, Head JW, Tanaka KL, Putzig NE, Milkovich SM, Campbell BA, Plaut JJ, Safaeinili A, Seu R, Biccari D, Carter LM, Picardi G, Orosei R, Mohit PS, Heggy E, Zurek RW, Egan AF, Giacomoni E, Russo F, Cutigni M, Pettinelli E, Holt JW, Leuschen CJ, Marinangeli L. Mars north polar deposits: stratigraphy, age, and geodynamical response. Science 2008; 320:1182-5. [PMID: 18483402 DOI: 10.1126/science.1157546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Shallow Radar (SHARAD) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has imaged the internal stratigraphy of the north polar layered deposits of Mars. Radar reflections within the deposits reveal a laterally continuous deposition of layers, which typically consist of four packets of finely spaced reflectors separated by homogeneous interpacket regions of nearly pure ice. The packet/interpacket structure can be explained by approximately million-year periodicities in Mars' obliquity or orbital eccentricity. The observed approximately 100-meter maximum deflection of the underlying substrate in response to the ice load implies that the present-day thickness of an equilibrium elastic lithosphere is greater than 300 kilometers. Alternatively, the response to the load may be in a transient state controlled by mantle viscosity. Both scenarios probably require that Mars has a subchondritic abundance of heat-producing elements.
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81
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Greeley R, Whelley PL, Neakrase LDV, Arvidson RE, Bridges NT, Cabrol NA, Christensen PR, Di K, Foley DJ, Golombek MP, Herkenhoff K, Knudson A, Kuzmin RO, Li R, Michaels T, Squyres SW, Sullivan R, Thompson SD. Columbia Hills, Mars: Aeolian features seen from the ground and orbit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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82
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McDowell ML, Hamilton VE. Geologic characteristics of relatively high thermal inertia intracrater deposits in southwestern Margaritifer Terra, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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83
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Watters TR, Campbell B, Carter L, Leuschen CJ, Plaut JJ, Picardi G, Orosei R, Safaeinili A, Clifford SM, Farrell WM, Ivanov AB, Phillips RJ, Stofan ER. Radar Sounding of the Medusae Fossae Formation Mars: Equatorial Ice or Dry, Low-Density Deposits? Science 2007; 318:1125-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1148112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Watters
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Bruce Campbell
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Lynn Carter
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Carl J. Leuschen
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Plaut
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Giovanni Picardi
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Roberto Orosei
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Ali Safaeinili
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Stephen M. Clifford
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - William M. Farrell
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Anton B. Ivanov
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Roger J. Phillips
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Ellen R. Stofan
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
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84
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Jaeger WL, Keszthelyi LP, McEwen AS, Dundas CM, Russell PS. Athabasca Valles, Mars: A Lava-Draped Channel System. Science 2007; 317:1709-11. [PMID: 17885126 DOI: 10.1126/science.1143315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Athabasca Valles is a young outflow channel system on Mars that may have been carved by catastrophic water floods. However, images acquired by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft reveal that Athabasca Valles is now entirely draped by a thin layer of solidified lava-the remnant of a once-swollen river of molten rock. The lava erupted from a fissure, inundated the channels, and drained downstream in geologically recent times. Purported ice features in Athabasca Valles and its distal basin, Cerberus Palus, are actually composed of this lava. Similar volcanic processes may have operated in other ostensibly fluvial channels, which could explain in part why the landers sent to investigate sites of ancient flooding on Mars have predominantly found lava at the surface instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Jaeger
- Astrogeology Team,U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.
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85
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McEwen AS, Hansen CJ, Delamere WA, Eliason EM, Herkenhoff KE, Keszthelyi L, Gulick VC, Kirk RL, Mellon MT, Grant JA, Thomas N, Weitz CM, Squyres SW, Bridges NT, Murchie SL, Seelos F, Seelos K, Okubo CH, Milazzo MP, Tornabene LL, Jaeger WL, Byrne S, Russell PS, Griffes JL, Martínez-Alonso S, Davatzes A, Chuang FC, Thomson BJ, Fishbaugh KE, Dundas CM, Kolb KJ, Banks ME, Wray JJ. A Closer Look at Water-Related Geologic Activity on Mars. Science 2007; 317:1706-9. [PMID: 17885125 DOI: 10.1126/science.1143987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Water has supposedly marked the surface of Mars and produced characteristic landforms. To understand the history of water on Mars, we take a close look at key locations with the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, reaching fine spatial scales of 25 to 32 centimeters per pixel. Boulders ranging up to approximately 2 meters in diameter are ubiquitous in the middle to high latitudes, which include deposits previously interpreted as finegrained ocean sediments or dusty snow. Bright gully deposits identify six locations with very recent activity, but these lie on steep (20 degrees to 35 degrees) slopes where dry mass wasting could occur. Thus, we cannot confirm the reality of ancient oceans or water in active gullies but do see evidence of fluvial modification of geologically recent mid-latitude gullies and equatorial impact craters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S McEwen
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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86
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Seu R, Phillips RJ, Alberti G, Biccari D, Bonaventura F, Bortone M, Calabrese D, Campbell BA, Cartacci M, Carter LM, Catallo C, Croce A, Croci R, Cutigni M, Di Placido A, Dinardo S, Federico C, Flamini E, Fois F, Frigeri A, Fuga O, Giacomoni E, Gim Y, Guelfi M, Holt JW, Kofman W, Leuschen CJ, Marinangeli L, Marras P, Masdea A, Mattei S, Mecozzi R, Milkovich SM, Morlupi A, Mouginot J, Orosei R, Papa C, Paternò T, Persi del Marmo P, Pettinelli E, Pica G, Picardi G, Plaut JJ, Provenziani M, Putzig NE, Russo F, Safaeinili A, Salzillo G, Santovito MR, Smrekar SE, Tattarletti B, Vicari D. Accumulation and Erosion of Mars' South Polar Layered Deposits. Science 2007; 317:1715-8. [PMID: 17885128 DOI: 10.1126/science.1144120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mars' polar regions are covered with ice-rich layered deposits that potentially contain a record of climate variations. The sounding radar SHARAD on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapped detailed subsurface stratigraphy in the Promethei Lingula region of the south polar plateau, Planum Australe. Radar reflections interpreted as layers are correlated across adjacent orbits and are continuous for up to 150 kilometers along spacecraft orbital tracks. The reflectors are often separated into discrete reflector sequences, and strong echoes are seen as deep as 1 kilometer. In some cases, the sequences are dipping with respect to each other, suggesting an interdepositional period of erosion. In Australe Sulci, layers are exhumed, indicating recent erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Seu
- Dipartimento INFOCOM, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," I-00184 Rome, Italy.
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87
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Bleacher JE, Greeley R, Williams DA, Cave SR, Neukum G. Trends in effusive style at the Tharsis Montes, Mars, and implications for the development of the Tharsis province. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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88
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Wilson SA, Howard AD, Moore JM, Grant JA. Geomorphic and stratigraphic analysis of Crater Terby and layered deposits north of Hellas basin, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A. Wilson
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum; Smithsonian Institution; Washington D. C. USA
| | - Alan D. Howard
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Moore
- Space Sciences Division; NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - John A. Grant
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum; Smithsonian Institution; Washington D. C. USA
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89
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Mangold N, Poulet F, Mustard JF, Bibring JP, Gondet B, Langevin Y, Ansan V, Masson P, Fassett C, Head JW, Hoffmann H, Neukum G. Mineralogy of the Nili Fossae region with OMEGA/Mars Express data: 2. Aqueous alteration of the crust. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Mangold
- Laboratoire IDES; UMR8148 CNRS and Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - F. Poulet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - J. F. Mustard
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - J.-P. Bibring
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - B. Gondet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - Y. Langevin
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - V. Ansan
- Laboratoire IDES; UMR8148 CNRS and Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - Ph. Masson
- Laboratoire IDES; UMR8148 CNRS and Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - C. Fassett
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - J. W. Head
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - H. Hoffmann
- Institut für Weltraumsensorik; DLR; Berlin Germany
| | - G. Neukum
- Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
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90
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Levrard B, Forget F, Montmessin F, Laskar J. Recent formation and evolution of northern Martian polar layered deposits as inferred from a Global Climate Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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91
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McCleese DJ, Schofield JT, Taylor FW, Calcutt SB, Foote MC, Kass DM, Leovy CB, Paige DA, Read PL, Zurek RW. Mars Climate Sounder: An investigation of thermal and water vapor structure, dust and condensate distributions in the atmosphere, and energy balance of the polar regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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92
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Murchie S, Arvidson R, Bedini P, Beisser K, Bibring JP, Bishop J, Boldt J, Cavender P, Choo T, Clancy RT, Darlington EH, Des Marais D, Espiritu R, Fort D, Green R, Guinness E, Hayes J, Hash C, Heffernan K, Hemmler J, Heyler G, Humm D, Hutcheson J, Izenberg N, Lee R, Lees J, Lohr D, Malaret E, Martin T, McGovern JA, McGuire P, Morris R, Mustard J, Pelkey S, Rhodes E, Robinson M, Roush T, Schaefer E, Seagrave G, Seelos F, Silverglate P, Slavney S, Smith M, Shyong WJ, Strohbehn K, Taylor H, Thompson P, Tossman B, Wirzburger M, Wolff M. Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 666] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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93
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Hiesinger H, Head JW, Neukum G. Young lava flows on the eastern flank of Ascraeus Mons: Rheological properties derived from High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) images and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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94
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Malin MC, Bell JF, Cantor BA, Caplinger MA, Calvin WM, Clancy RT, Edgett KS, Edwards L, Haberle RM, James PB, Lee SW, Ravine MA, Thomas PC, Wolff MJ. Context Camera Investigation on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 805] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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95
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McEwen AS, Eliason EM, Bergstrom JW, Bridges NT, Hansen CJ, Delamere WA, Grant JA, Gulick VC, Herkenhoff KE, Keszthelyi L, Kirk RL, Mellon MT, Squyres SW, Thomas N, Weitz CM. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1056] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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96
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Kronberg P, Hauber E, Grott M, Werner SC, Schäfer T, Gwinner K, Giese B, Masson P, Neukum G. Acheron Fossae, Mars: Tectonic rifting, volcanism, and implications for lithospheric thickness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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97
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Plaut JJ, Picardi G, Safaeinili A, Ivanov AB, Milkovich SM, Cicchetti A, Kofman W, Mouginot J, Farrell WM, Phillips RJ, Clifford SM, Frigeri A, Orosei R, Federico C, Williams IP, Gurnett DA, Nielsen E, Hagfors T, Heggy E, Stofan ER, Plettemeier D, Watters TR, Leuschen CJ, Edenhofer P. Subsurface Radar Sounding of the South Polar Layered Deposits of Mars. Science 2007; 316:92-5. [PMID: 17363628 DOI: 10.1126/science.1139672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The ice-rich south polar layered deposits of Mars were probed with the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding on the Mars Express orbiter. The radar signals penetrate deep into the deposits (more than 3.7 kilometers). For most of the area, a reflection is detected at a time delay that is consistent with an interface between the deposits and the substrate. The reflected power from this interface indicates minimal attenuation of the signal, suggesting a composition of nearly pure water ice. Maps were generated of the topography of the basal interface and the thickness of the layered deposits. A set of buried depressions is seen within 300 kilometers of the pole. The thickness map shows an asymmetric distribution of the deposits and regions of anomalous thickness. The total volume is estimated to be 1.6 x 10(6) cubic kilometers, which is equivalent to a global water layer approximately 11 meters thick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Plaut
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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98
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Newsom HE, Crumpler LS, Reedy RC, Petersen MT, Newsom GC, Evans LG, Taylor GJ, Keller JM, Janes DM, Boynton WV, Kerry KE, Karunatillake S. Geochemistry of Martian soil and bedrock in mantled and less mantled terrains with gamma ray data from Mars Odyssey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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99
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Rogers AD, Bandfield JL, Christensen PR. Global spectral classification of Martian low-albedo regions with Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES) data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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100
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Malin MC, Edgett KS, Posiolova LV, McColley SM, Dobrea EZN. Present-day impact cratering rate and contemporary gully activity on Mars. Science 2006; 314:1573-7. [PMID: 17158321 DOI: 10.1126/science.1135156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera has acquired data that establish the present-day impact cratering rate and document new deposits formed by downslope movement of material in mid-latitude gullies on Mars. Twenty impacts created craters 2 to 150 meters in diameter within an area of 21.5 x 10(6) square kilometers between May 1999 and March 2006. The values predicted by models that scale the lunar cratering rate to Mars are close to the observed rate, implying that surfaces devoid of craters are truly young and that as yet unrecognized processes of denudation must be operating. The new gully deposits, formed since August 1999, are light toned and exhibit attributes expected from emplacement aided by a fluid with the properties of liquid water: relatively long, extended, digitate distal and marginal branches, diversion around obstacles, and low relief. The observations suggest that liquid water flowed on the surface of Mars during the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Malin
- Malin Space Science Systems, Post Office Box 910148, San Diego, CA 92191-0148, USA
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