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Xu YT, Shen MH, Jin AY, Li H, Zhu R. Maternal circulating levels of transforming growth factor-β superfamily and its soluble receptors in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017; 137:246-252. [PMID: 28281288 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess circulating levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily members and their soluble receptors in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and to investigate associations with clinical manifestations. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted using data for women admitted to a center in China for delivery between May 2011 and April 2013. Women with severe pre-eclampsia, mild pre-eclampsia, and gestational hypertension were included, along with a control group. Serum levels of activin A, inhibin A, TGF-β1, soluble endoglin (sEng), and soluble betaglycan (sBG) were measured. RESULTS Women with severe pre-eclampsia (n = 17) had higher mean levels of activin A (23.5±2.1 μg/L), inhibin A (1.7±0.2 μg/L), sEng (32.1±3.2 μg/L), and sBG (84.1±9.4 μg/L) than did normotensive controls (n = 18), women with gestational hypertension (n = 15), and those with mild pre-eclampsia (n = 14; all P<0.05). Women with early-onset pre-eclampsia (n = 13) had higher levels of these serum markers than did preterm normotensive controls (n = 8; all P<0.001). Women with severe or early-onset pre-eclampsia had the lowest TGF-β1 levels. Activin A, inhibin A, sEng, and sBG levels were positively correlated with mean arterial pressure and proteinuria (all P<0.01). CONCLUSION Pre-eclampsia is associated with an imbalance of members of the TGF-β superfamily and their soluble receptors, which might contribute to the development of pre-eclampsia and help to predict onset and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min-Hong Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ying Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
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Setyawati MI, Leong DT. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as an Antitumoral-Angiogenesis Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:6690-6703. [PMID: 28150492 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumors depend heavily on angiogenesis for nutrient derivation and their subsequent metastasis. Targeting tumor induced angiogenesis per se can address both tumor growth and progression simultaneously. Here, we show that we could elegantly restrict the endothelial cells angiogenic behavior through digital size control of mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN). This antiangiogenesis effect was derived from the particle size dependent uptake and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that directly interfered with p53 tumor suppressor pathway. The resulting signaling cascade wrestled back the tumoral control of endothelial cells' migration, invasion, and proliferation. Overall, a mere control over the size of a highly oxidative reactive surfaced nanoparticle could provide an alternative strategy to curb the tumor induced angiogenesis process in a conventional drug-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdiel I Setyawati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - David T Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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Qu J, Zhu Y, Wu X, Zheng J, Hou Z, Cui Y, Mao Y, Liu J. Smad3/4 Binding to Promoter II of P450arom So As to Regulate Aromatase Expression in Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:1187-1194. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116681517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiadi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yugui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yundong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Loomans HA, Arnold SA, Quast LL, Andl CD. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invasion is inhibited by Activin A in ACVRIB-positive cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:873. [PMID: 27829391 PMCID: PMC5101642 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a global public health issue, as it is the eighth most common cancer worldwide. The mechanisms behind ESCC invasion and progression are still poorly understood, and warrant further investigation into these processes and their drivers. In recent years, the ligand Activin A has been implicated as a player in the progression of a number of cancers. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of Activin A signaling in ESCC. Methods To investigate the role Activin A plays in ESCC biology, tissue microarrays containing 200 cores from 120 ESCC patients were analyzed upon immunofluorescence staining. We utilized three-dimensional organotypic reconstruct cultures of dysplastic and esophageal squamous tumor cells lines, in the context of fibroblast-secreted Activin A, to identify the effects of Activin A on cell invasion and determine protein expression and localization in epithelial and stromal compartments by immunofluorescence. To identify the functional consequences of stromal-derived Activin A on angiogenesis, we performed endothelial tube formation assays. Results Analysis of ESCC patient samples indicated that patients with high stromal Activin A expression had low epithelial ACVRIB, the Activin type I receptor. We found that overexpression of stromal-derived Activin A inhibited invasion of esophageal dysplastic squamous cells, ECdnT, and TE-2 ESCC cells, both positive for ACVRIB. This inhibition was accompanied by a decrease in expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin and podoplanin, which is often expressed at the leading edge during invasion. Endothelial tube formation was disrupted in the presence of conditioned media from fibroblasts overexpressing Activin A. Interestingly, ACVRIB-negative TE-11 cells did not show the prior observed effects in the context of Activin A overexpression, indicating a dependence on the presence of ACVRIB. Conclusions We describe the first observation of an inhibitory role for Activin A in ESCC progression that is dependent on the expression of ACVRIB. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2920-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holli A Loomans
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shanna A Arnold
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura L Quast
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Claudia D Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 4110 Libra Drive, Building 20, BMS 223, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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Hartmann D, Fiedler J, Sonnenschein K, Just A, Pfanne A, Zimmer K, Remke J, Foinquinos A, Butzlaff M, Schimmel K, Maegdefessel L, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Lachmann N, Schober A, Froese N, Heineke J, Bauersachs J, Batkai S, Thum T. MicroRNA-Based Therapy of GATA2-Deficient Vascular Disease. Circulation 2016; 134:1973-1990. [PMID: 27780851 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.022478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor GATA2 orchestrates the expression of many endothelial-specific genes, illustrating its crucial importance for endothelial cell function. The capacity of this transcription factor in orchestrating endothelial-important microRNAs (miRNAs/miR) is unknown. METHODS Endothelial GATA2 was functionally analyzed in human endothelial cells in vitro. Endogenous short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown and lentiviral-based overexpression were applied to decipher the capacity of GATA2 in regulating cell viability and capillary formation. Next, the GATA2-dependent miR transcriptome was identified by using a profiling approach on the basis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Transcriptional control of miR promoters was assessed via chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase promoter assays, and bisulfite sequencing analysis of sites in proximity. Selected miRs were modulated in combination with GATA2 to identify signaling pathways at the angiogenic cytokine level via proteome profiler and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Downstream miR targets were identified via bioinformatic target prediction and luciferase reporter gene assays. In vitro findings were translated to a mouse model of carotid injury in an endothelial GATA2 knockout background. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of proangiogenic miR-126 was tested in the reendothelialization model. RESULTS GATA2 gain- and loss-of-function experiments in human umbilical vein endothelial cells identified a key role of GATA2 as master regulator of multiple endothelial functions via miRNA-dependent mechanisms. Global miRNAnome-screening identified several GATA2-regulated miRNAs including miR-126 and miR-221. Specifically, proangiogenic miR-126 was regulated by GATA2 transcriptionally and targeted antiangiogenic SPRED1 and FOXO3a contributing to GATA2-mediated formation of normal vascular structures, whereas GATA2 deficiency led to vascular abnormalities. In contrast to GATA2 deficiency, supplementation with miR-126 normalized vascular function and expression profiles of cytokines contributing to proangiogenic paracrine effects. GATA2 silencing resulted in endothelial DNA hypomethylation leading to induced expression of antiangiogenic miR-221 by GATA2-dependent demethylation of a putative CpG island in the miR-221 promoter. Mechanistically, a reverted GATA2 phenotype by endogenous suppression of miR-221 was mediated through direct proangiogenic miR-221 target genes ICAM1 and ETS1. In a mouse model of carotid injury, GATA2 was reduced, and systemic supplementation of miR-126-coupled nanoparticles enhanced miR-126 availability in the carotid artery and improved reendothelialization of injured carotid arteries in vivo. CONCLUSIONS GATA2-mediated regulation of miR-126 and miR-221 has an important impact on endothelial biology. Hence, modulation of GATA2 and its targets miR-126 and miR-221 is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of many vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Hartmann
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Jan Fiedler
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Kristina Sonnenschein
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Annette Just
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Angelika Pfanne
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Karina Zimmer
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Janet Remke
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Ariana Foinquinos
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Malte Butzlaff
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Katharina Schimmel
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Nico Lachmann
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Andreas Schober
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Natali Froese
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Jörg Heineke
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Sandor Batkai
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Thomas Thum
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.).
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Barruet E, Morales BM, Lwin W, White MP, Theodoris CV, Kim H, Urrutia A, Wong SA, Srivastava D, Hsiao EC. The ACVR1 R206H mutation found in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva increases human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cell formation and collagen production through BMP-mediated SMAD1/5/8 signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:115. [PMID: 27530160 PMCID: PMC4988052 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Activin A and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathways are critical regulators of the immune system and of bone formation. Inappropriate activation of these pathways, as in conditions of congenital heterotopic ossification, are thought to activate an osteogenic program in endothelial cells. However, if and how this occurs in human endothelial cells remains unclear. Methods We used a new directed differentiation protocol to create human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived endothelial cells (iECs) from patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a congenital disease of heterotopic ossification caused by an activating R206H mutation in the Activin A type I receptor (ACVR1). This strategy allowed the direct assay of the cell-autonomous effects of ACVR1 R206H in the endogenous locus without the use of transgenic expression. These cells were challenged with BMP or Activin A ligand, and tested for their ability to activate osteogenesis, extracellular matrix production, and differential downstream signaling in the BMP/Activin A pathways. Results We found that FOP iECs could form in conditions with low or absent BMP4. These conditions are not normally permissive in control cells. FOP iECs cultured in mineralization media showed increased alkaline phosphatase staining, suggesting formation of immature osteoblasts, but failed to show mature osteoblastic features. However, FOP iECs expressed more fibroblastic genes and Collagen 1/2 compared to control iECs, suggesting a mechanism for the tissue fibrosis seen in early heterotopic lesions. Finally, FOP iECs showed increased SMAD1/5/8 signaling upon BMP4 stimulation. Contrary to FOP hiPSCs, FOP iECs did not show a significant increase in SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation upon Activin A stimulation, suggesting that the ACVR1 R206H mutation has a cell type-specific effect. In addition, we found that the expression of ACVR1 and type II receptors were different in hiPSCs and iECs, which could explain the cell type-specific SMAD signaling. Conclusions Our results suggest that the ACVR1 R206H mutation may not directly increase the formation of mature chondrogenic or osteogenic cells by FOP iECs. Our results also show that BMP can induce endothelial cell dysfunction, increase expression of fibrogenic matrix proteins, and cause differential downstream signaling of the ACVR1 R206H mutation. This iPSC model provides new insight into how human endothelial cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0372-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Barruet
- Institute for Human Genetics and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSE901G, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0794, USA
| | - Blanca M Morales
- Institute for Human Genetics and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSE901G, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0794, USA
| | - Wint Lwin
- Institute for Human Genetics and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSE901G, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0794, USA
| | - Mark P White
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Christina V Theodoris
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Hannah Kim
- Institute for Human Genetics and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSE901G, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0794, USA
| | - Ashley Urrutia
- Institute for Human Genetics and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSE901G, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0794, USA
| | - Sarah Anne Wong
- School of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Program, University of California, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Edward C Hsiao
- Institute for Human Genetics and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSE901G, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0794, USA. .,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSE901G, UCSF Box 0794, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0794, USA.
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57
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Shu Y, Liu Y, Li X, Cao L, Yuan X, Li W, Cao Q. Aspirin-Triggered Resolvin D1 Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced EndMT through Increasing the Expression of Smad7 and Is Closely Related to Oxidative Stress. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:132-9. [PMID: 26869523 PMCID: PMC4774493 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is known to be involved in the transformation of vascular endothelial cells to mesenchymal cells. EndMT has been confirmedthat occur in various pathologic conditions. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a potent stimulator of the vascular endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (ATRvD1) has been known to be involved in the resolution of inflammation,but whether it has effects on TGF-β1-induced EndMT is not yet clear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of AT-RvD1 on the EndMT of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells line (HUVECs). Treatment with TGF-β1 reduced the expression of Nrf2 and enhanced the level of F-actin, which is associated with paracellular permeability. The expression of endothelial marker VE-cadherin in HUVEC cells was reduced, and the expression of mesenchymal marker vimentin was enhanced. AT-RvD1 restored the expression of Nrf2 and vimentin and enhanced the expression of VE-cadherin. AT-RvD1 did also affect the migration of HUVEC cells. Inhibitory κB kinase 16 (IKK 16), which is known to inhibit the NF-kB pathway, had an ability to increase the expression of Nrf2 and was associated with the inhibition effect of AT-RvD1 on TGF-β1-induced EndMT, but it had no effect on TGF-β1-induced EndMT alone. Smad7, which is a key regulator of TGF-β/Smads signaling by negative feedback loops, was significantlyincreased with the treatment of AT-RvD1. These results suggest the possibility that AT-RvD1 suppresses the TGF-β1-induced EndMT through increasing the expression of Smad7 and is closely related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Shu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Clinical Medicine College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Clinical Medicine College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medicine College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Yuan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Clinical Medicine College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Clinical Medicine College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Cao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
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58
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Guo S, Lok J, Zhao S, Leung W, Som AT, Hayakawa K, Wang Q, Xing C, Wang X, Ji X, Zhou Y, Lo EH. Effects of Controlled Cortical Impact on the Mouse Brain Vasculome. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:1303-16. [PMID: 26528928 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in blood vessels play a critical role in the pathophysiology of brain injury and neurodegeneration. Here, we use a systematic genome-wide transcriptome screening approach to investigate the vasculome after brain trauma in mice. Mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact and brains were extracted for analysis at 24 h post-injury. The core of the traumatic lesion was removed and then cortical microvesels were isolated from nondirectly damaged ipsilateral cortex. Compared to contralateral cortex and normal cortex from sham-operated mice, we identified a wide spectrum of responses in the vasculome after trauma. Up-regulated pathways included those involved in regulation of inflammation and extracellular matrix processes. Decreased pathways included those involved in regulation of metabolism, mitochondrial function, and transport systems. These findings suggest that microvascular perturbations can be widespread and not necessarily localized to core areas of direct injury per se and may further provide a broader gene network context for existing knowledge regarding inflammation, metabolism, and blood-brain barrier alterations after brain trauma. Further efforts are warranted to map the vasculome with higher spatial and temporal resolution from acute to delayed phase post-trauma. Investigating the widespread network responses in the vasculome may reveal potential mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and biomarkers for traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Guo
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Josephine Lok
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Song Zhao
- 3 The Department of Spine Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Wendy Leung
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Angel T Som
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Changhong Xing
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Xunming Ji
- 4 Cerebrovascular Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Eng H Lo
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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Samitas K, Poulos N, Semitekolou M, Morianos I, Tousa S, Economidou E, Robinson DS, Kariyawasam HH, Zervas E, Corrigan CJ, Ying S, Xanthou G, Gaga M. Activin-A is overexpressed in severe asthma and is implicated in angiogenic processes. Eur Respir J 2016; 47:769-82. [PMID: 26869672 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00437-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activin-A is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates allergic inflammation. Its role in the regulation of angiogenesis, a key feature of airways remodelling in asthma, remains unexplored. Our objective was to investigate the expression of activin-A in asthma and its effects on angiogenesis in vitro.Expression of soluble/immunoreactive activin-A and its receptors was measured in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and endobronchial biopsies from 16 healthy controls, 19 patients with mild/moderate asthma and 22 severely asthmatic patients. In vitro effects of activin-A on baseline and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced human endothelial cell angiogenesis, signalling and cytokine release were compared with BALF concentrations of these cytokines in vivo.Activin-A expression was significantly elevated in serum, BALF and bronchial tissue of the asthmatics, while expression of its protein receptors was reduced. In vitro, activin-A suppressed VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis, inducing autocrine production of anti-angiogenic soluble VEGF receptor (R)1 and interleukin (IL)-18, while reducing production of pro-angiogenic VEGFR2 and IL-17. In parallel, BALF concentrations of soluble VEGFR1 and IL-18 were significantly reduced in severe asthmatics in vivo and inversely correlated with angiogenesis.Activin-A is overexpressed and has anti-angiogenic effects in vitro that are not propagated in vivo, where reduced basal expression of its receptors is observed particularly in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Samitas
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Centre for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece 7th Respiratory Medicine Department and Asthma Centre, Athens Chest Hospital "Sotiria", Athens, Greece These authors contributed equally
| | - Nikolaos Poulos
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Centre for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece These authors contributed equally
| | - Maria Semitekolou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Centre for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece These authors contributed equally
| | - Ioannis Morianos
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Centre for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Tousa
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Centre for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Erasmia Economidou
- 7th Respiratory Medicine Department and Asthma Centre, Athens Chest Hospital "Sotiria", Athens, Greece
| | - Douglas S Robinson
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Mechanisms of Allergic Asthma, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Harsha H Kariyawasam
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Mechanisms of Allergic Asthma, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK Department of Allergy and Medical Rhinology, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University College, London, UK
| | - Eleftherios Zervas
- 7th Respiratory Medicine Department and Asthma Centre, Athens Chest Hospital "Sotiria", Athens, Greece
| | - Christopher J Corrigan
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sun Ying
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Georgina Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Centre for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece Both authors contributed equally
| | - Mina Gaga
- 7th Respiratory Medicine Department and Asthma Centre, Athens Chest Hospital "Sotiria", Athens, Greece Both authors contributed equally
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Sun Z, Schriewer J, Tang M, Marlin J, Taylor F, Shohet RV, Konorev EA. The TGF-β pathway mediates doxorubicin effects on cardiac endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 90:129-38. [PMID: 26686989 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated ALK4/5 ligands including TGF-β and activins have been linked to cardiovascular remodeling and heart failure. Doxorubicin (Dox) is commonly used as a model of cardiomyopathy, a condition that often precedes cardiovascular remodeling and heart failure. In 7-8-week-old C57Bl/6 male mice treated with Dox we found decreased capillary density, increased levels of ALK4/5 ligand and Smad2/3 transcripts, and increased expression of Smad2/3 transcriptional targets. Human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMVEC) treated with Dox also showed increased levels of ALK4/5 ligands, Smad2/3 transcriptional targets, a decrease in proliferation and suppression of vascular network formation in a HCMVEC and human cardiac fibroblasts co-culture assay. Our hypothesis is that the deleterious effects of Dox on endothelial cells are mediated in part by the activation of the TGF-β pathway. We used the inhibitor of ALK4/5 kinases SB431542 (SB) in concert with Dox to ascertain the role of TGF-β pathway activation in doxorubicin induced endothelial cell defects. SB prevented the suppression of HCMVEC proliferation in the presence of TGF-β2 and activin A, and alleviated the inhibition of HCMVEC proliferation by Dox. SB also prevented the suppression of vascular network formation in co-cultures of HCMVEC and human cardiac fibroblasts treated with Dox. Our results show that the inhibition of the TGF-β pathway alleviates the detrimental effects of Dox on endothelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyue Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii-Hilo, USA
| | | | - Mingxin Tang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii-Manoa, USA
| | - Jerry Marlin
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, USA
| | | | - Ralph V Shohet
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii-Manoa, USA
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Kim MN, Kim YI, Cho C, Mayo KE, Cho BN. Change in the Gastro-Intestinal Tract by Overexpressed Activin Beta A. Mol Cells 2015; 38:1079-85. [PMID: 26608361 PMCID: PMC4696999 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Originally, activins were identified as stimulators of FSH release in reproduction. Other activities, including secondary axis formation in development, have since been revealed. Here, we investigated the influence of activin βA on the body, including the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract. Initially, the activin βA protein was detected in the serum proportional to the amount of pCMV-rAct plasmid injected. The induced level of activin βA in muscle was higher in female than male mice. Subsequent results revealed that stomach and intestine were severely damaged in pCMV-rAct-injected mice. At the cellular level, loss of parietal cells was observed, resulting in increased pH within the stomach. This phenomenon was more severe in male than female mice. Consistent with damage of the stomach and intestine, activin βA often led to necrosis in the tip of the tail or foot, and loss of body weight was observed in pCMV-rAct-injected male but not female mice. Finally, in pCMV-rAct-injected mice, circulating activin βA led to death at supraphysiological doses, and this was dependent on the strain of mice used. Taken together, these results indicate that activin βA has an important role outside of reproduction and development, specifically in digestion. These data also indicate that activin βA must be controlled within a narrow range because of latent lethal activity. In addition, our approach can be used effectively for functional analysis of secreted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Nyeu Kim
- Department of Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662,
Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 130-872,
Korea
| | - Chunghee Cho
- School of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology (K-JIST), Gwangju 500-712,
Korea
| | - Kelly E. Mayo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208,
USA
| | - Byung-Nam Cho
- Department of Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662,
Korea
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Yoshioka Y, Togashi Y, Chikugo T, Kogita A, Taguri M, Terashima M, Mizukami T, Hayashi H, Sakai K, de Velasco MA, Tomida S, Fujita Y, Tokoro T, Ito A, Okuno K, Nishio K. Clinicopathological and genetic differences between low-grade and high-grade colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas. Cancer 2015; 121:4359-68. [PMID: 26488212 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas (MCs) are conventionally regarded as exhibiting high-grade differentiation, they can be divided by differentiation into 2 groups according to the glandular appearance: low-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma (low-MC) and high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma (high-MC). METHODS Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who underwent surgical resection between 2000 and 2012 were enrolled in this study. Among the cases with MC, the clinicopathological and genetic differences between low-MC and high-MC were investigated with next-generation sequencing. RESULTS A total of 1373 patients with CRC were analyzed. Forty patients (2.9%) had MC, and 13 patients had high-MC. Patients with MC had significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) periods than those with nonmucinous carcinoma. When low-MC patients and high-MC patients were compared, those with high-MC had significantly shorter DFS and OS periods than those with low-MC. Multivariate analyses revealed that high-MC was significantly associated with both shorter DFS and shorter OS, but low-MC was not. A genome analysis revealed that low-MC had a considerably larger number of mutations than high-MC, and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations and adenomatous polyposis coli mutations were particularly frequently found in low-MC. In contrast, SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) mutations were frequently found in high-MC. CONCLUSIONS High-MC is an independent prognostic factor in CRC (but low-MC is not), and it is genetically different from other CRCs, including low-MC. Both the clinicopathological differences and the genetic differences suggest that low-MC and high-MC should be distinguished in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Yoshioka
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Togashi
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Chikugo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kogita
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Terashima
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Mizukami
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marco A de Velasco
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Fujita
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadao Tokoro
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okuno
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
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Yong HE, Murthi P, Wong MH, Kalionis B, Cartwright JE, Brennecke SP, Keogh RJ. Effects of normal and high circulating concentrations of activin A on vascular endothelial cell functions and vasoactive factor production. Pregnancy Hypertens 2015; 5:346-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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64
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Merfeld-Clauss S, Lupov IP, Lu H, March KL, Traktuev DO. Adipose Stromal Cell Contact with Endothelial Cells Results in Loss of Complementary Vasculogenic Activity Mediated by Induction of Activin A. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3039-51. [PMID: 26037810 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adipose stem/stromal cells (ASCs) after isolation produce numerous angiogenic growth factors. This justifies their use to promote angiogenesis per transplantation. In parallel, local coimplantation of ASC with endothelial cells (ECs) leading to formation of functional vessels by the donor cells suggests the existence of a mechanism responsible for fine-tuning ASC paracrine activity essential for vasculogenesis. As expected, conditioned media (CM) from ASC promoted ECs survival, proliferation, migration, and vasculogenesis. In contrast, media from EC-ASC cocultures had neutral effects upon EC responses. Media from cocultures exhibited lower levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatic growth factor, angiopoietin-1, and stromal cell-derived factor-1 compared with those in ASC CM. Activin A was induced in ASC in response to EC exposure and was responsible for overall antivasculogenic activity of EC-ASC CM. Except for VEGF, activin A diminished secretion of all tested factors by ASC. Activin A mediated induction of VEGF expression in ASC, but also upregulated expression of VEGF scavenger receptor FLT-1 in EC in EC-ASC cocultures. Blocking the FLT-1 expression in EC led to an increase in VEGF concentration in CM. In vitro pre-exposure of ASC to low number of EC before subcutaneous coimplantation with EC resulted in decrease in vessel density in the implants. In vitro tests suggested that activin A was partially responsible for this diminished ASC activity. This study shows that neovessel formation is associated with induction of activin A expression in ASC; this factor, by affecting the bioactivity of both ASC and EC, directs the crosstalk between these complementary cell types to establish stable vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Merfeld-Clauss
- Department of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ivan P Lupov
- Department of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Keith L March
- Department of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dmitry O Traktuev
- Department of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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65
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Zhu J, Liu F, Wu Q, Liu X. Activin A regulates proliferation, invasion and migration in osteosarcoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4501-7. [PMID: 25634369 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin A is a member of the TGF‑β superfamily. Previous studies have demonstrated that activin A exhibited pluripotent effects in several tumours. However, the roles of activin A signaling in osteosarcoma pathogenesis have not been previously investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of activin A on osteosarcoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Firstly, the expression of activin A in osteosarcoma cell lines (MG63, SaOS‑2 and U2OS) and a human osteoblastic cell line (hFOB1.19) was detected using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Activin A was upregulated in osteosarcoma cell lines compared with hFOB1.19 cells. To investigate the effects of activin A on osteosarcoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration, MG63 cells were generated in which activin A was either overexpressed or depleted. MTT staining, propidium iodide staining and a Transwell assay were used to analyze the cell cycle, proliferation, invasion and migration of MG63 cells, respectively. The results of the present study revealed that the abilities of proliferation, invasion and migration were suppressed in MG63 cells in which activin A was depleted, while they were enhanced in activin A-overexpressing cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that activin A may facilitate proliferation, invasion and migration of osteosarcoma cells, and it may therefore be a potential target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Quanming Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiancheng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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66
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Loomans HA, Andl CD. Intertwining of Activin A and TGFβ Signaling: Dual Roles in Cancer Progression and Cancer Cell Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 7:70-91. [PMID: 25560921 PMCID: PMC4381251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a significant amount of research has examined the controversial role of activin A in cancer. Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, is best characterized for its function during embryogenesis in mesoderm cell fate differentiation and reproduction. During embryogenesis, TGFβ superfamily ligands, TGFβ, bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and activins, act as potent morphogens. Similar to TGFβs and BMPs, activin A is a protein that is highly systemically expressed during early embryogenesis; however, post-natal expression is overall reduced and remains under strict spatiotemporal regulation. Of importance, normal post-natal expression of activin A has been implicated in the migration and invasive properties of various immune cell types, as well as endometrial cells. Aberrant activin A signaling during development results in significant morphological defects and premature mortality. Interestingly, activin A has been found to have both oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles in cancer. Investigations into the role of activin A in prostate and breast cancer has demonstrated tumor suppressive effects, while in lung and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, it has been consistently shown that activin A expression is correlated with increased proliferation, invasion and poor patient prognosis. Activin A signaling is highly context-dependent, which is demonstrated in studies of epithelial cell tumors and the microenvironment. This review discusses normal activin A signaling in comparison to TGFβ and highlights how its dysregulation contributes to cancer progression and cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holli A Loomans
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Claudia D Andl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Fan DM, Feng XS, Qi PW, Chen YW. Forkhead factor FOXQ1 promotes TGF-β1 expression and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 397:179-86. [PMID: 25287361 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotes tumor invasion and metastasis, but the coordination and integration mechanisms of these processes are still not fully understood. In this study, we used a cross-species expression profiling strategy of Hela cells to determine an important genetic program transfers. In particular, we have discovered a new transfer function, which is not previously known about transcription factor forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1). The shRNA anti-FOXQ1 gene was synthesized and transfected into the Hela and EpRas cells. RT-PCR assay was performed to detect the mRNA levels in cells. Cell adhesion and separation assay were used to examine the cell-cell adhesion and separation among cells. Wound healing assay was utilized to examine cell migration and invasion ability. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to investigate the interaction between E-cadherin and N-cadherin and FOXQ1 promoter region. The results indicated that ectopic expression of FOXQ1 increased cell migration and invasion in vitro, enhanced mammary epithelial cells in vivo lung metastasis, and triggered significant EMT. In contrast, the opposite effects in vitro and in vivo of FOXQ1 knockdown phenotypes were caused by these mechanisms. Notably, FOXQ1 repressed core EMT regulation of the expression of TGF-β1. FOXQ1 protein directly interacts with E-cadherin and N-cadherin promoter region. And surveys show that FOXQ1 expression regulation by TGF-β1 and blockade induced EMT both morphological and molecular levels. Our findings emphasize the feasibility of cross-species expression profiles, as a strategy to identify metastasis-related genes. The induction of EMT by FOXQ1 defines a new transfer function in promoting cancer behind possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Fan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Togashi Y, Kogita A, Sakamoto H, Hayashi H, Terashima M, de Velasco MA, Sakai K, Fujita Y, Tomida S, Kitano M, Okuno K, Kudo M, Nishio K. Activin signal promotes cancer progression and is involved in cachexia in a subset of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:819-27. [PMID: 25449777 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that activin produces a signal with a tumor suppressive role in pancreatic cancer (PC). Here, the association between plasma activin A and survival in patients with advanced PC was investigated. Contrary to our expectations, however, patients with high plasma activin A levels had a significantly shorter survival period than those with low levels (median survival, 314 days vs. 482 days, P = 0.034). The cellular growth of the MIA PaCa-2 cell line was greatly enhanced by activin A via non-SMAD pathways. The cellular growth and colony formation of an INHBA (beta subunit of inhibin)-overexpressed cell line were also enhanced. In a xenograft study, INHBA-overexpressed cells tended to result in a larger tumor volume, compared with a control. The bodyweights of mice inoculated with INHBA-overexpressed cells decreased dramatically, and these mice all died at an early stage, suggesting the occurrence of activin-induced cachexia. Our findings indicated that the activin signal can promote cancer progression in a subset of PC and might be involved in cachexia. The activin signal might be a novel target for the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Togashi
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kogita
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Terashima
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marco A de Velasco
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Fujita
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kitano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okuno
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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69
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Activin A is anti-lymphangiogenic in a melanoma mouse model. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:212-221. [PMID: 25084052 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma spreads primarily to the sentinel lymph nodes, and its risk correlates with lymphangiogenesis, which is mainly driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C. However, anti-lymphangiogenic factors are poorly characterized. We have shown in a melanoma model that Wnt1 reduces lymphangiogenesis by reducing VEGF-C expression. Screening this model for additional potentially anti-lymphangiogenic factors identified increased activin A expression and reduced expression of the antagonist, follistatin (FST), in Wnt1(+) cells. Activin A is known to reduce blood vessel formation, but the effects on lymphangiogenesis are unknown. Here we show that human primary melanoma expresses significantly higher levels of activin A and lower levels of FST compared with nevi and melanoma metastasis. Using our mouse model with melanoma cells overexpressing Wnt1, FST, Wnt1/FST, or the inhibin βA subunit (INHBA, resulting in activin A expression), we found both activin A and Wnt1 to reduce lymphangiogenesis. Whereas Wnt1 also reduced metastasis, this was not seen with activin A. In vitro, activin A phosphorylated SMAD2 in both melanoma and lymphatic endothelium but, although it reduced sprouting of lymphatic endothelium, it enhanced the migration of melanoma cells. In conclusion, activin A is an anti-lymphangiogenic factor, but because of its pleiotropic effects on cell mobility it appears not suitable as a pharmacological target.
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70
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Goyal R, Longo LD. Acclimatization to long-term hypoxia: gene expression in ovine carotid arteries. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:725-34. [PMID: 25052263 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00073.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to acute high-altitude hypoxia is associated with an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) as a consequence of low arterial O2 tension. However, in response to high altitude acclimatization, CBF returns to levels similar to those at sea level, and tissue blood flow is maintained by an increase in angiogenesis. Of consequence, dysregulation of the acclimatization responses and CBF can result in acute mountain sickness, acute cerebral and/or pulmonary edema. To elucidate the signal transduction pathways involved in successful acclimatization to high altitude, in ovine carotid arteries, we tested the hypothesis that high altitude-associated long-term hypoxia results in changes in gene expression of critical signaling pathways. We acclimatized nonpregnant adult sheep to 3,801 m altitude for ∼110 days and conducted oligonucleotide microarray experiments on carotid arteries. Of a total of 116 regulated genes, 58 genes were significantly upregulated and 58 genes were significantly downregulated (each >2-fold, P < 0.05). Major upregulated genes included suprabasin and myelin basic protein, whereas downregulated genes included BAG2. Several of these genes are known to activate the ERK canonical signal transduction pathway and the process of angiogenesis. We conclude that among other changes, the altered signal transduction molecules involved in high-altitude acclimatization are associated ERK activation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Goyal
- Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; and Epigenuity LLC, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lawrence D Longo
- Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; and Epigenuity LLC, Loma Linda, California
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71
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Togashi Y, Sakamoto H, Hayashi H, Terashima M, de Velasco MA, Fujita Y, Kodera Y, Sakai K, Tomida S, Kitano M, Ito A, Kudo M, Nishio K. Homozygous deletion of the activin A receptor, type IB gene is associated with an aggressive cancer phenotype in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:126. [PMID: 24886203 PMCID: PMC4047430 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor, beta (TGFB) signal is considered to be a tumor suppressive pathway based on the frequent genomic deletion of the SMAD4 gene in pancreatic cancer (PC); however; the role of the activin signal, which also belongs to the TGFB superfamily, remains largely unclear. Methods and results We found a homozygous deletion of the activin A receptor, type IB (ACVR1B) gene in 2 out of 8 PC cell lines using array-comparative genomic hybridization, and the absence of ACVR1B mRNA and protein expression was confirmed in these 2 cell lines. Activin A stimulation inhibited cellular growth and increased the phosphorylation level of SMAD2 and the expression level of p21CIP1/WAF1 in the Sui66 cell line (wild-type ACVR1B and SMAD4 genes) but not in the Sui68 cell line (homozygous deletion of ACVR1B gene). Stable ACVR1B-knockdown using short hairpin RNA cancelled the effects of activin A on the cellular growth of the PC cell lines. In addition, ACVR1B-knockdown significantly enhanced the cellular growth and colony formation abilities, compared with controls. In a xenograft study, ACVR1B-knockdown resulted in a significantly elevated level of tumorigenesis and a larger tumor volume, compared with the control. Furthermore, in clinical samples, 6 of the 29 PC samples (20.7%) carried a deletion of the ACVR1B gene, while 10 of the 29 samples (34.5%) carried a deletion of the SMAD4 gene. Of note, 5 of the 6 samples with a deletion of the ACVR1B gene also had a deletion of the SMAD4 gene. Conclusion We identified a homozygous deletion of the ACVR1B gene in PC cell lines and clinical samples and proposed that the deletion of the ACVR1B gene may mediate an aggressive cancer phenotype in PC. Our findings provide novel insight into the role of the activin signal in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
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Islam MS, Catherino WH, Protic O, Janjusevic M, Gray PC, Giannubilo SR, Ciavattini A, Lamanna P, Tranquilli AL, Petraglia F, Castellucci M, Ciarmela P. Role of activin-A and myostatin and their signaling pathway in human myometrial and leiomyoma cell function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E775-85. [PMID: 24606069 PMCID: PMC4010707 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Uterine leiomyomas are highly prevalent benign tumors of premenopausal women and the most common indication for hysterectomy. However, the exact etiology of this tumor is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of activin-A and myostatin and their signaling pathways in human myometrial and leiomyoma cells. DESIGN This was a laboratory study. SETTING Myometrial and leiomyoma cells (primary and cell lines) were cultured in vitro. PATIENTS The study included premenopausal women who were admitted to the hospital for myomectomy or hysterectomy. INTERVENTIONS Primary myometrial and leiomyoma cells and/or cell lines were treated with activin-A (4 nM) and myostatin (4 nM) for different days of interval (to measure proliferation rate) or 30 minutes (to measure signaling molecules) or 48 hours to measure proliferating markers, extracellular matrix mRNA, and/or protein expression by real-time PCR, Western blot, and/or immunocytochemistry. RESULTS We found that activin-A and myostatin significantly reduce cell proliferation in primary myometrial cells but not in leiomyoma cells as measured by a CyQUANT cell proliferation assay kit. Reduced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 were also observed in myometrial cells in response to activin-A and myostatin treatment. Activin-A also significantly increased mRNA expression of fibronectin, collagen1A1, and versican in primary leiomyoma cells. Finally, we found that activin-A and myostatin activate Smad-2/3 signaling but do not affect ERK or p38 signaling in both myometrial and leiomyoma cells. CONCLUSIONS This study results suggest that activin-A and myostatin can exert antiproliferative and/or fibrotic effects on these cell types via Smad-2/3 signaling.
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73
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Lopatina T, Bruno S, Tetta C, Kalinina N, Porta M, Camussi G. Platelet-derived growth factor regulates the secretion of extracellular vesicles by adipose mesenchymal stem cells and enhances their angiogenic potential. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:26. [PMID: 24725987 PMCID: PMC4022079 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies demonstrate the role of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in angiogenesis. The angiogenic mechanism has been ascribed to paracrine factors since these cells secrete a plenty of signal molecules and growth factors. Recently it has been suggested that besides soluble factors, extracellular vesicles (EVs) that include exosomes and microvesicles may play a major role in cell-to-cell communication. It has been shown that EVs are implicated in the angiogenic process. RESULTS Herein we studied whether EVs released by ASCs may mediate the angiogenic activity of these cells. Our results demonstrated that ASC-derived EVs induced in vitro vessel-like structure formation by human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC). EV-stimulated HMEC when injected subcutaneously within Matrigel in SCID mice formed vessels. Treatment of ASCs with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulated the secretion of EVs, changed their protein composition and enhanced the angiogenic potential. At variance of EVs released in basal conditions, PDGF-EVs carried c-kit and SCF that played a role in angiogenesis as specific blocking antibodies inhibited in vitro vessel-like structure formation. The enhanced content of matrix metalloproteinases in PDGF-EVs may also account for their angiogenic activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that EVs released by ASCs may contribute to the ASC-induced angiogenesis and suggest that PDGF may trigger the release of EVs with an enhanced angiogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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Melanoma transition is frequently accompanied by a loss of cytoglobin expression in melanocytes: a novel expression site of cytoglobin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94772. [PMID: 24722418 PMCID: PMC3983271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue distribution and function of hemoglobin or myoglobin are well known; however, a newly found cytoglobin (CYGB), which also belongs to the globin family, remains to be characterized. To assess its expression in human malignancies, we sought to screen a number of cell lines originated from many tissues using northern blotting and real time PCR techniques. Unexpectedly, we found that several, but not all, melanoma cell lines expressed CYGB mRNA and protein at much higher levels than cells of other origins. Melanocytes, the primary origin of melanoma, also expressed CYGB at a high level. To verify these observations, immunostaining and immunoblotting using anti-CYGB antibody were also performed. Bisulfite-modified genomic sequencing revealed that several melanoma cell lines that abrogated CYGB expression were found to be epigenetically regulated by hypermethylation in the promoter region of CYGB gene. The RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the CYGB transcript in CYGB expression-positive melanoma cell lines resulted in increased proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis using 2'-, 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), an indicator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), revealed that the cellular ROS level may be involved in the proliferative effect of CYGB. Thus, CYGB appears to play a tumor suppressive role as a ROS regulator, and its epigenetic silencing, as observed in CYGB expression-negative melanoma cell lines, might function as an alternative pathway in the melanocyte-to-melanoma transition.
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Huang YW, Lee WH, Tsai YH, Huang HM. Activin A induction of erythroid differentiation sensitizes K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cells to a subtoxic concentration of imatinib. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 306:C37-44. [PMID: 24088895 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00130.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell disorder in which Bcr-Abl oncoprotein inhibits cell differentiation. Differentiation induction is considered an alternative strategy for treating CML. Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, induces erythroid differentiation of CML cells through the p38 MAPK pathway. In this study, treatment of the K562 CML stem/progenitor cell line with activin A followed by a subtoxic concentration of the Bcr-Abl inhibitor imatinib strongly induced growth inhibition and apoptosis compared with simultaneous treatment with activin A and imatinib. Imatinib-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis following activin A pretreatment were dose- and time-dependent. Imatinib-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis were also dependent on the pretreatment dose of activin A. More than 90% of the activin A-induced increases in glycophorin A-positive cells were sensitive to imatinib. However, only some of original glycophorin A-positive cells in the activin A treatment group were sensitive to imatinib. Sequential treatment with activin A and imatinib decreased Bcr-Abl, procaspase-3, Mcl-1, and Bcl-xL and also induced cleavage of procaspase-3/poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase. The reduction of erythroid differentiation in p38 MAPK dominant-negative mutants or by short hairpin RNA knockdown of p38 MAPK decreased the growth inhibition and apoptosis mediated by sequential treatment with activin A and imatinib. Furthermore, the same inhibition level of multidrug resistance 1 expression was observed in cells treated with activin A alone, treated sequentially with activin A and imatinib, or treated simultaneously with activin A and imatinib. The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB-203580 can restore activin A-inhibited multidrug resistance 1 expression. Taken together, our results suggest that a subtoxic concentration of imatinib could exhibit strong cytotoxicity against erythroid-differentiated K562 CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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76
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Hedger MP, de Kretser DM. The activins and their binding protein, follistatin-Diagnostic and therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease and fibrosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:285-95. [PMID: 23541927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The activins, as members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, are pleiotrophic regulators of cell development and function, including cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Clinical and animal studies have shown that activin levels increase in both acute and chronic inflammation, and are frequently indicators of disease severity. Moreover, inhibition of activin action can reduce inflammation, damage, fibrosis and morbidity/mortality in various disease models. Consequently, activin A and, more recently, activin B are emerging as important diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets in inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. Activin antagonists such as follistatin, an endogenous activin-binding protein, offer considerable promise as therapies in conditions as diverse as sepsis, liver fibrosis, acute lung injury, asthma, wound healing and ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Hedger
- Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Liang H, Cheung LWT, Li J, Ju Z, Yu S, Stemke-Hale K, Dogruluk T, Lu Y, Liu X, Gu C, Guo W, Scherer SE, Carter H, Westin SN, Dyer MD, Verhaak RGW, Zhang F, Karchin R, Liu CG, Lu KH, Broaddus RR, Scott KL, Hennessy BT, Mills GB. Whole-exome sequencing combined with functional genomics reveals novel candidate driver cancer genes in endometrial cancer. Genome Res 2012; 22:2120-9. [PMID: 23028188 PMCID: PMC3483541 DOI: 10.1101/gr.137596.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy, with more than 280,000 cases occurring annually worldwide. Although previous studies have identified important common somatic mutations in endometrial cancer, they have primarily focused on a small set of known cancer genes and have thus provided a limited view of the molecular basis underlying this disease. Here we have developed an integrated systems-biology approach to identifying novel cancer genes contributing to endometrial tumorigenesis. We first performed whole-exome sequencing on 13 endometrial cancers and matched normal samples, systematically identifying somatic alterations with high precision and sensitivity. We then combined bioinformatics prioritization with high-throughput screening (including both shRNA-mediated knockdown and expression of wild-type and mutant constructs) in a highly sensitive cell viability assay. Our results revealed 12 potential driver cancer genes including 10 tumor-suppressor candidates (ARID1A, INHBA, KMO, TTLL5, GRM8, IGFBP3, AKTIP, PHKA2, TRPS1, and WNT11) and two oncogene candidates (ERBB3 and RPS6KC1). The results in the “sensor” cell line were recapitulated by siRNA-mediated knockdown in endometrial cancer cell lines. Focusing on ARID1A, we integrated mutation profiles with functional proteomics in 222 endometrial cancer samples, demonstrating that ARID1A mutations frequently co-occur with mutations in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and are associated with PI3K pathway activation. siRNA knockdown in endometrial cancer cell lines increased AKT phosphorylation supporting ARID1A as a novel regulator of PI3K pathway activity. Our study presents the first unbiased view of somatic coding mutations in endometrial cancer and provides functional evidence for diverse driver genes and mutations in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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78
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Antsiferova M, Werner S. The bright and the dark sides of activin in wound healing and cancer. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:3929-37. [PMID: 22991378 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.094789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activin was initially described as a protein that stimulates release of follicle stimulating hormone from the pituitary, and it is well known for its important roles in different reproductive functions. In recent years, this multifunctional factor has attracted the attention of researchers in other fields, as new functions of activin in angiogenesis, inflammation, immunity, fibrosis and cancer have been discovered. Studies from our laboratory have identified activin as a crucial regulator of wound healing and skin carcinogenesis. On the one hand, it strongly accelerates the healing process of skin wounds but, on the other hand, it enhances scar formation and the susceptibility to skin tumorigenesis. Finally, results from several laboratories have revealed that activin enhances tumour formation and/or progression in some other organs, in particular through its effect on the tumour microenvironment, and that it also promotes cancer-induced bone disruption and muscle wasting. These findings provide the basis for the use of activin or its downstream targets for the improvement of impaired wound healing, and of activin antagonists for the prevention and treatment of fibrosis and of malignant tumours that overexpress activin. Here, we summarize the previously described roles of activin in wound healing and scar formation and discuss functional studies that revealed different functions of activin in the pathogenesis of cancer. The relevance of these findings for clinical applications will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antsiferova
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Honggerberg, HPL E12, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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79
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Hotowy A, Sawosz E, Pineda L, Sawosz F, Grodzik M, Chwalibog A. Silver nanoparticles administered to chicken affect VEGFA and FGF2 gene expression in breast muscle and heart. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:418. [PMID: 22827927 PMCID: PMC3507702 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of colloidal silver (AgNano) can influence gene expression. Concerning trials of AgNano application in poultry nutrition, it is useful to reveal whether they affect the expression of genes crucial for bird development. AgNano were administered to broiler chickens as a water solution in two concentrations (10 and 20 ppm). After dissection of the birds, breast muscles and hearts were collected. Gene expression of FGF2 and VEGFA on the mRNA and protein levels were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. The results for gene expression in the breast muscle revealed changes on the mRNA level (FGF2 was up-regulated, P < 0.05) but not on the protein level. In the heart, 20 ppm of silver nanoparticles in drinking water increased the expression of VEGFA (P < 0.05), at the same time decreasing FGF2 expression both on the transcriptional and translational levels. Changes in the expression of these genes may lead to histological changes, but this needs to be proven using histological and immunohistochemical examination of tissues. In general, we showed that AgNano application in poultry feeding influences the expression of FGF2 and VEGFA genes on the mRNA and protein levels in growing chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hotowy
- Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Lane Pineda
- Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - Filip Sawosz
- Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
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Wilson C, Holen I, Coleman RE. Seed, soil and secreted hormones: potential interactions of breast cancer cells with their endocrine/paracrine microenvironment and implications for treatment with bisphosphonates. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38:877-89. [PMID: 22398187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The process of formation of metastasis is undoubtedly inefficient, with the majority of disseminated tumour cells perishing in their metastatic environment. Their ability to survive is determined by their intrinsic abilities, with emerging evidence of the importance of cancer stem cells possessing self propagating potential, but also the interaction with the premetastatic niche, which may either help or hinder their formation into micrometastasis, thus influencing recurrence and survival in breast cancer patients. Use of the bone targeted agents bisphosphonates in the adjuvant setting has been extensively studied in large clinical trials, and demonstrated an interesting interplay with the endocrine microenvironment, with postmenopausal women or premenopausal women receiving ovarian suppression therapy gaining a survival advantage compared to pre/perimenopausal women. The interaction between the endocrine hormones and the paracrine TGFβ growth factors may provide an explanation for the differences seen according to ovarian function in the response to bisphosphonates. In this review the evidence of interplay between ovarian endocrine hormones, TGFβ paracrine growth factors and bisphosphonates will be presented, and subsequent influence on breast cancer cells in the bone pre-metastatic niche hypothesised.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wilson
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Cancer Clinical Trials Centre, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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