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Ren L, Guo D, Wan X, Qu R. EYA2 upregulates miR-93 to promote tumorigenesis of breast cancer by targeting and inhibiting the STING signaling pathway. Carcinogenesis 2021; 43:bgab001. [PMID: 33449106 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we used DIANA TOOLS, GEPIA and other bioinformatics databases to predict regulatory pathways in breast cancer. Accordingly, we clarified the regulatory mechanism of EYA2 on miR-93 expression to aggravate breast cancer, which was involved with the STING signaling pathway. CCK-8 assay, scratch test, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry were applied to detect cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The experimental data found that EYA2 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cells and associated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of miR-93 in breast cancer was positively correlated with EYA2. EYA2 promoted miR-93 expression, advanced breast cancer cell proliferation and inhibited their apoptosis. Results of luciferase assay showed that miR-93 was enriched in the STING 3'UTR. Furthermore, knockdown of EYA2 inhibited the expression of miR-93, promoted the expression of STING, and inhibited the tumor growth. In response to EYA2 knockdown, the expression of IFN-β and ISG was increased, and PD-L1 was decreased. In addition, the phosphorylation level of TBK1 and IRF3 was enhanced, the percentage of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in blood was reduced, and secretion of IFN-β and IL-12 was enhanced. In conclusion, EYA2 upregulates miR-93 expression and promotes malignancy of breast cancer by targeting and inhibiting the STING signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishen Ren
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Dongrui Guo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Rongfeng Qu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Lee GH, Kim JY, Jin SW, Pham TH, Park JS, Kim CY, Choi JH, Han EH, Kim YH, Jeong HG. Impressic Acid Attenuates the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response by Activating the AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 Axis in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020762. [PMID: 33466670 PMCID: PMC7828816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are caused by excessive inflammation from pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines produced by macrophages. The Nrf2 signaling pathway protects against inflammatory diseases by inhibiting excessive inflammation via the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, including HO-1 and NQO1. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of impressic acid (IPA) isolated from Acanthopanax koreanum on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and the underlying molecular mechanisms in RAW264.7 cells. IPA attenuated the LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. IPA also increased the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 by phosphorylating CaMKKβ, AMPK, and GSK3β. Furthermore, ML385, an Nrf2 inhibitor, reversed the inhibitory effect of IPA on LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, IPA exerts an anti-inflammatory effect via the AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway in macrophages. Taken together, the findings suggest that IPA has preventive potential for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Sun Woo Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Thi Hoa Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Jin Song Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Chae Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Jae Ho Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Drug & Disease Target Research Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Korea;
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-5936
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Yoo TK, Jeong WT, Kim JG, Ji HS, Ahn MA, Chung JW, Lim HB, Hyun TK. UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS-Based Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Different Organ Extracts of Abeliophyllum distichum. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:70. [PMID: 33430473 PMCID: PMC7827262 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts have gained more attention as natural therapeutic agents against inflammation characterized by an overproduction of several inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai is generally known for its ornamental value, recent pharmacological research has demonstrated its potential therapeutic properties. Thus, to further evaluate the applicability of A. distichum in the food, cosmetic, and medical industries, we identified the phytochemicals in three organ extracts (fruits: AF, branches: AB, leaves: AL) of A. distichum and determined their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS, a total of 19 compounds, including dendromoniliside D, forsythoside B, isoacteoside, isomucronulatol 7-O-Glucoside, plantamajoside, and wighteone were identified in the A. distichum organ extracts. AB exhibited a strong reducing power, an oxygen radical antioxidant capacity, and radical scavenging values compared with other samples, whereas AL exhibited the best anti-inflammatory properties. Gene expression, western blot, and molecular docking analyses suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect of AL was mediated by its ability to suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of reactive oxygen species and/or inhibit LPS-stimulated activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) in RAW264.7 cells. Collectively, these results indicate that AL is a potential source of phytochemicals that could be used to treat inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Heung Bin Lim
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (T.-K.Y.); (W.T.J.); (J.G.K.); (H.S.J.); (M.-A.A.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Tae Kyung Hyun
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (T.-K.Y.); (W.T.J.); (J.G.K.); (H.S.J.); (M.-A.A.); (J.-W.C.)
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Long X, Sun F, Wang Z, Liu T, Gong J, Kan X, Zou Y, Zhao X. Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC08 protects rats from lead-induced oxidative damage by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:6029-6044. [PMID: 34037025 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00589h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this experiment, Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC08 (LF-CQPC08) isolated from traditionally fermented pickles was used to study its mitigation effect on lead acetate-induced oxidative stress and lead ion adsorption capacity in rats. In vitro experiments showed that the survival rate in artificial gastric juice and the growth efficiency in artificial bile salt of LF-CQPC08 was 93.6% ± 2.2% and 77.2% ± 0.8%, and the surface hydrophobicity rate was 45.5% ± 0.3%. The scavenging rates of hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were 47.8% ± 0.9%, 63.9% ± 1.2%, and 83.6% ± 1.5%, respectively, and the reduction power was 107.3 ± 2.8 μmol L-1. LF-CQPC08 could not only adsorb 76.9% ± 1.0% lead ions in aqueous solution but also reduce the lead content in serum, liver, kidneys, and brain tissue of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, as well as maintain the cell structure and tissue state of the liver and kidneys. In addition, by examining the indicators of inflammation and oxidation in the serum, liver, and kidneys of SD rats, we found that LF-CQPC08 can reduce the proinflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1 beta (1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma in the body, increase the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase and glutathione levels in serum and organ tissues, and reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and accumulation of lipid peroxide malondialdehyde. LF-CQPC08 can also activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway to promote high-level expression of the downstream antioxidants heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H : quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS). As food-grade lactic acid bacteria, LF-CQPC08 has great potential and research value in removing heavy metals from food and alleviating the toxicity of heavy metals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Long
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China. and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam 13488, South Korea
| | - Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, P.R. China
| | - Tongji Liu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.
| | - Jianjun Gong
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.
| | - Xuemei Kan
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.
| | - Yujie Zou
- Department of Emergency, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.
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Mitochondrial Protection and Anti-inflammatory Effects Induced by Emodin in the Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide: Involvement of the AMPK/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2020; 46:482-493. [PMID: 33219897 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emodin (EM; 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione; C15H10O5) is an anthraquinone and exerts cytoprotective effects, as observed in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by reactive species plays a central role in the onset and progression of different human diseases. Thus, we have tested here whether a pretreatment (for 4 h) with EM (at 40 µM) would be able to promote mitochondrial protection in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to the pro-oxidant agent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We found that the pretreatment with EM suppressed the effects of H2O2 on the activity of the mitochondrial complexes I and V, as well as on the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and on the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). EM also prevented the H2O2-induced collapse in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) function. An anti-inflammatory role for EM was also observed in this experimental model, since this anthraquinone decreased the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by the H2O2-challenged cells. Inhibition of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or silencing of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) abolished the protection induced by EM in the H2O2-treated cells. Therefore, EM prevented the H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and pro-inflammatory state in the SH-SY5Y cells by an AMPK/Nrf2-dependent manner.
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56
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Kuang Y, Zhang Y, Xiao Z, Xu L, Wang P, Ma Q. Protective effect of dimethyl fumarate on oxidative damage and signaling in cardiomyocytes. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2783-2790. [PMID: 32945364 PMCID: PMC7453509 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Based on its antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been reported to exert protective effects against I/R. However, to the best of our knowledge, its potential role as a myocardial protective agent in heart disease has received little attention. Previous studies have suggested that DMF may exert its protective effects by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2); however, the exact underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of DMF in myocardial I/R injury, and to determine the role of Nrf2 in mediating the activity of DMF. H9c2 cells were incubated with DMF (20 µM) for 24 h before establishing the I/R model, and were then subjected to myocardial ischemia for 6 h, followed by reperfusion. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase levels, anti‑oxidant enzyme expression levels and anti‑apoptotic effects were evaluated, and AKT/Nrf2 pathway‑associated mechanisms were investigated. The results of the present study indicated that DMF may reduce myocardial I/R injury in a Nrf2‑dependent manner. DMF significantly improved cellular viability, suppressed the expression of apoptotic markers, decreased the production of reactive oxygen species and increased the expression of Nrf2‑regulated antioxidative genes. Notably, these beneficial DMF‑mediated effects were not observed in the control or I/R groups. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that DMF may exert protective effects against a myocardial I/R model, and further validated Nrf2 modulation as a primary mode of action. Thus suggesting that DMF may be a potential therapeutic agent for AKT/Nrf2 pathway activation in myocardial, and potentially systemic, diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Kuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yinzhuang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qilin Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Qi Z, Guo Y, Zhang H, Yu Q, Zhang P. Betulin attenuates pneumolysin-induced cell injury and DNA damage. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:843-851. [PMID: 32621771 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pneumolysin, a pore-forming toxin, is an important virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae with multiple biological activity, such as cell lysis and DNA damage. Thus, targeting this toxin is alternative strategy for the treatment of S. pneumoniae infection. METHODS AND RESULTS Haemolysin assay was performed to identify the potential PLY inhibitor. The mechanism by which betulin, a natural compound from birch bark, against PLY was determined via MICs determination, western blot analysis and oligomerization analysis. Cytotoxicity and Immunofluorescence assays were further used to evaluate the protection of betulin against PLY-induced cell injury and DNA damage. Here, betulin, a natural compound from birch bark, was indentified as an effective inhibitor of PLY. Importantly, at the concentrations required for such inhibition, betulin has no influence on S. pneumoniae viability or PLY production. The interaction of betulin with PLY restrict the olgomerizaiton of this toxin and, thus, directly neutralizing the activity of PLY. Additionally, betulin treatment alleviate PLY induced cells injury and DNA damage in the co-culture system of PLY and A549 cells. CONCLUSIONS Betulin could be used as a promising leading compound against S. pneumoniae virulence by directly targeting PLY without antibacterial activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results presented in this work provided a novel strategy and candidate for S. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Q Yu
- Jilin Provincial Animal Disease Control Center, Changchun, China
| | - P Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Fischhuber K, Matzinger M, Heiss EH. AMPK Enhances Transcription of Selected Nrf2 Target Genes via Negative Regulation of Bach1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:628. [PMID: 32760724 PMCID: PMC7372114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) are main players in the cellular adaptive response to metabolic and oxidative/xenobiotic stress, respectively. AMPK does not only balance the rate of fuel catabolism versus anabolism but also emerges as regulator of gene expression. We here examined the influence of AMPK on Nrf2-dependent gene transcription and the potential interplay of the two cellular stress hubs. Using gene expression analyses in wt and AMPKα1 -/- or Nrf2 -/- mouse embryonal fibroblasts, we could show that AMPK only affected a portion of the entire of Nrf2-dependent transcriptome upon exposure to the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane (Sfn). Focusing on selected genes with positive regulation by Nrf2 and either positive or no further regulation by AMPK, we revealed that altered Nrf2 levels could not account for the distinct extent of transactivation of certain Nrf2 targets in wt and AMPK -/- cells (assessed by immunoblot). FAIRE-qPCR largely excluded distinct chromatin accessibility of selected Nrf2-responsive antioxidant response elements (ARE) within the regulatory gene regions in wt and AMPK-/- cells. However, expression analyses and ChIP-qPCR showed that in AMPK-/- cells, levels of BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1), a competitor of Nrf2 for ARE sites with predominant repressor function, were higher, and Bach1 also bound to a greater relative extent to the examined ARE sites when compared to Nrf2. The negative influence of AMPK on Bach1 was confirmed by pharmacological and genetic approaches and occurred at the level of mRNA synthesis. Overall, the observed AMPK-mediated boost in transactivation of a subset of Nrf2 target genes involves downregulation of Bach1 and subsequent favored binding of activating Nrf2 over repressing Bach1 to the examined ARE sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Matzinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Lactobacillus plantarum LP33 attenuates Pb-induced hepatic injury in rats by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation and promoting Pb excretion. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111533. [PMID: 32645464 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most common heavy metals and is harmful to human health. The liver is considered as a major target organ for Pb poisoning. Although probiotics have been shown to alleviate liver injury, the protective effect of Lactobacillus plantarum LP33 (LP33) against Pb-induced hepatotoxicity remains unclear. In order to explore the hepatoprotective effect of LP33, LP33 was administered to Pb-intoxicated Sprague-Dawley rats once daily by oral gavage for 8 weeks. The present results showed that LP33 supplementation alleviated liver injury, and inhibited oxidative stress and inflammation in Pb-exposed rats. Treatment with LP33 also promoted the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B, activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling and inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling in liver tissues of rats exposed to Pb. Additionally, LP33 exhibited adequate Pb-binding capacity and satisfactory survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions in vitro, and promoted Pb excretion via enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. This study demonstrated that LP33 reduced Pb-induced oxidative stress and inflammation and promoted Pb excretion, thereby attenuating the Pb-induced hepatic injury. Our findings suggest that LP33 supplementation may be a potential strategy for the treatment of Pb-induced hepatic toxicity.
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Buko V, Zavodnik I, Palecz B, Stepniak A, Kirko S, Shlyahtun A, Misiuk W, Belonovskaya E, Lukivskaya O, Naruta E, Kuzmitskaya I, Ilyich T, Erdenebayar B, Rakhmadieva S. Betulin/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: Physicochemical characterization and hepatoprotective activity. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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61
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Zhang Q, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Protocatechuic acid attenuates adipogenesis-induced inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulation of AMPK pathway. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Lobine D, Ahmed S, Aschner M, Khan H, Mirzaei H, Mahomoodally MF. Antiurolithiatic effects of pentacyclic triterpenes: The distance traveled from therapeutic aspects. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:671-684. [PMID: 32314397 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Globally, approximately 12% of the population is inflicted by various types of urolithiasis. Standard treatments are available both to avert and treat urolithiasis, but with significant adverse side effects. Pentacyclic triterpenes represent a group of naturally occurring compounds which holds immense potential as therapeutic for treating kidney stone. This review aims to provide an integrative description on how pentacyclic triterpenes can effectively treat calcium oxalate urolithiasis through various mechanisms such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Some of the pentacylic triterpenes which shows promising activities include lupeol, oleanolic acid, betulin, and taraxasterol. Moreover, future perspectives in the development of pentacyclic triterpenes in formulations/drugs for urinary stone prevention are highlighted. It is anticipated that compiled information would serve as a scientific baseline to advocate further investigations on the potential of pentacyclic triterpenes in urolithiasis remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Lobine
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Salman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohamad F Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.,Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
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Song C, Heping H, Shen Y, Jin S, Li D, Zhang A, Ren X, Wang K, Zhang L, Wang J, Shi D. AMPK/p38/Nrf2 activation as a protective feedback to restrain oxidative stress and inflammation in microglia stimulated with sodium fluoride. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125495. [PMID: 31837563 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated activation of inflammation plays an important role in the development and progression of neuronal damage, and limiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can suppress the inflammatory signals. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensing transcription factor that drives an adaptive cellular defense in response to oxidative stress. However, the implications of Nrf2 in sodium fluoride (NaF)-stimulated microglia and the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, we demonstrated that NaF activated the Nrf2 signaling and enhanced the downstream antioxidant protein levels, including heme oxygenase-1 and quinine oxidoreductase 1. NaF induced oxidative stress, as indicated by increased ROS level and malondialdehyde content, and reduced superoxide dismutase activity. Moreover, NaF promoted the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, thus increased the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. However, these effects were relieved by overexpression of Nrf2. Meanwhile, knockdown of Nrf2 by shRNA exacerbated NaF-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in BV-2 cells and primary cultured microglia. Mechanistically, NaF-induced Nrf2 activation is AMPK/p38 dependent, as deletion of AMPK using siRNA blocked the activating effect of NaF on p38 and Nrf2. Notably, treatment of N-Acety-l-Cysteine attenuated AMPK/p38-dependent Nrf2 activation in microglia exposed to NaF. In conclusion, these data demonstrated for the first time that Nrf2 activation exerts a neuroprotective effect on NaF-stimulated redox imbalance and inflammation that is dependent on the AMPK/p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangfu Heping
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongshu Shen
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangxing Jin
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyin Li
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Zhang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Ren
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunli Wang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Sciences and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China.
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Triterpene Acids of Loquat Leaf Improve Inflammation in Cigarette Smoking Induced COPD by Regulating AMPK/Nrf2 and NFκB Pathways. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030657. [PMID: 32121228 PMCID: PMC7146327 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) is believed to be an important inducement in the pathological development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a progressive lung disease. Loquat is an Asian evergreen tree commonly cultivated for its fruit. Its leaf has long been used as an important material for both functional and medicinal applications in the treatment of lung disease in China and Japan. As the principal functional components of loquat leaf, triterpene acids (TAs) have shown notable anti-inflammatory activity. However, their protective activity and underlying action of mechanism on CS-induced COPD inflammation are not yet well understood. In the present study, male C57BL/6 mice were challenged with CS for 12 weeks, and from the seventh week of CS exposure, mice were fed with TAs (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 6 weeks to figure out the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of TAs in CS-induced COPD inflammation. The results demonstrate that TA suppressed the lung histological changes in CS-exposed mice, as evidenced by the diminished generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Moreover, TA treatment significantly inhibited the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In addition, TAs increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) expression level, while inhibiting phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in CS-induced COPD. In summary, our study reveals a protective effect and putative mechanism of TA action involving the inhibition of inflammation by regulating AMPK/Nrf2 and NFκB pathways. Our findings suggest that TAs could be considered as a promising functional material for treating CS-induced COPD.
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Endothelial Nitric Oxide Mediates the Anti-Atherosclerotic Action of Torenia concolor Lindley var. Formosama Yamazaki. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041532. [PMID: 32102326 PMCID: PMC7073175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Torenia concolor Lindley var. formosama Yamazaki ethanolic extract (TCEE) is reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity properties. However, the effects of TCEE and its underlying mechanisms in the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) have not yet been investigated. Increasing the endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) production has been known to be beneficial against the development of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of TCEE on eNOS activation and NO-related endothelial function and inflammation by using an in vitro system. In endothelial cells (ECs), TCEE increased NO production in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting the expression of eNOS. In addition, TCEE increased the phosphorylation of eNOS at serine 635 residue (Ser635) and Ser1179, Akt at Ser473, calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) at threonine residue 286 (Thr286), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) at Thr172. Moreover, TCEE-induced NO production, and EC proliferation, migration, and tube formation were diminished by pretreatment with LY294002 (an Akt inhibitor), KN62 (a CaMKII inhibitor), and compound C (an AMPK inhibitor). Additionally, TCEE attenuated the tumor necrosis factor-α-induced inflammatory response as evidenced by the expression of adhesion molecules in ECs and monocyte adhesion onto ECs. These inflammatory effects of TCEE were abolished by L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (an NOS inhibitor). Moreover, chronic treatment with TCEE attenuated hyperlipidemia, systemic and aortic inflammatory response, and the atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that TCEE may confer protection from atherosclerosis by preventing endothelial dysfunction.
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García-Salinas S, Evangelopoulos M, Gámez-Herrera E, Arruebo M, Irusta S, Taraballi F, Mendoza G, Tasciotti E. Electrospun anti-inflammatory patch loaded with essential oils for wound healing. Int J Pharm 2020; 577:119067. [PMID: 31981705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process that consists of three overlapping phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. A bacterial infection can increase inflammation and delay this process. Microorganisms are closely related to the innate immune system, such as macrophages and neutrophils, as they can start an inflammatory cascade. Essential oils play an important role in the inhibition and prevention of bacterial growth due to their ability to reduce antimicrobial resistance. The possibility to find a strategy that combines antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties is particularly appealing for wound healing. In this work, we showcase a variety of patches based on electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers loaded with natural compounds derived from essential oils, such as thymol (THY) and tyrosol (TYR), to achieve reduced inflammation. In addition, we compared the effect these essential oils have on activated macrophages when incorporated into the PCL patch. Specifically, we demonstrate that PCL-THY resulted in more efficient down-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes related to the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κb) pathway when compared to PCL-TYR and the combination patch containing TYR and THY (i.e., PCL-TYR-THY). Furthermore, PCL-THY displayed low affinity for cell attachment, which may hinder wound adherence and integration. Overall, our results indicate that THY-loaded patches could serve as promising candidates for the fabrication of dressings that incorporate bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties while simultaneously avoiding the limitations of traditional antibiotic-loaded devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Salinas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Enrique Gámez-Herrera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Tang X, Yu J, Li M, Zhan D, Shi C, Fang L, Ban C, Zheng W, Veeraraghavan V, Mohan S. Inhibitory effects of triterpenoid betulin on inflammatory mediators inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_516_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Han YH, Mun JG, Jeon HD, Kee JY, Hong SH. Betulin Inhibits Lung Metastasis by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest, Autophagy, and Apoptosis of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010066. [PMID: 31887988 PMCID: PMC7019271 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the diseases with high prevalence and mortality worldwide. In particular, metastatic CRC shows low probability of surgery and lacks proper treatment. In this study, we conducted experiments to investigate the inhibitory effect of betulin against metastatic CRC and related mechanisms. Methods: Water-soluble tetrazolium assay was used to determine the effect of betulin on metastatic CRC cell viability. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assay were performed to confirm whether betulin can induce apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest. A lung metastasis mouse model was employed to estimate the anti-metastatic effect of betulin. Results: betulin decreased viability of metastatic CRC cells, including CT26, HCT116, and SW620 cell lines. Through PI3K/Akt/mTOR inactivation, betulin induced AMPK-mediated G0/G1 phase arrest and autophagy of CT26 and HCT116 cells. In addition, betulin occurred caspase-dependent apoptosis via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in metastatic CRC cells. Moreover, orally administered betulin significantly inhibited metastasis of CT26 cells to the lung. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the anti-metastatic effect and therapeutic potential of betulin in metastatic CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ji-Ye Kee
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.K.); (S.-H.H.); Tel.: +82-63-850-6801 (J.-Y.K.); +82-63-850-6805 (S.-H.H.)
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.K.); (S.-H.H.); Tel.: +82-63-850-6801 (J.-Y.K.); +82-63-850-6805 (S.-H.H.)
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Goldoni FC, Barretta C, Nunes R, Broering MF, De Faveri R, Molleri HT, Corrêa TP, Farias IV, Amorin CK, Pastor MVD, Meyre-Silva C, Bresolin TMB, de Freitas RA, Quintão NLM, Santin JR. Effects of Eugenia umbelliflora O. Berg (Myrtaceae)-leaf extract on inflammation and hypersensitivity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 244:112133. [PMID: 31377260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Eugenia species are widely used in popular medicine to treat several diseases, such as arthritis, rheumatism and diabetes. Eugenia umbelliflora O. Berg is popularly known in Brazil as "baguaçu", name also conferred to Eugenia jambolana probably due to their apparent similarity. Although the popular use scientifically proved of E. jambolana as anti-diabetes and also as anti-inflammatory, there are only two scientific studies demonstrating anti-ulcer and bactericide activities of E. umbelliflora leaves extract, without reference to its possible anti-inflammatory activity. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to show the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the methanol extract obtained from E. umbelliflora leaves (EuL) using in vitro and in vivo protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS The total phenolic content was evaluated using the folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and phloroglucinols content by HPLC. The anti-oxidant activity was evaluated by ORAC, ABTS•+, DPPH, and metal chelation methods. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using carrageenan-induced inflammation in the subcutaneous tissue of male Swiss mice orally pre-treated with the EuL (0.3, 1 or 3 mg/kg). The leukocyte influx (optical microscopy) and secretion of chemical mediators (TNF, IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL1, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were quantified in the inflamed exudate. Histological analysis of the pouches was also performed. The anti-hypersensitive activity was investigated using carrageenan-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and mice were then evaluated using the von Frey filaments. The Open Field test was used to evaluate possible interference of adverse effect of EuL on locomotor activity that could lead to misinterpretation of the hypersensitivity evaluation. RESULTS The EuL demonstrated important and moderate reducing capacity on ABTS•+ and DPPH assays, respectively, but with slight activity in ORAC test. It reflects low protection against cell damage. The EuL also presented 30% of phenolic compounds. The phloroglucinols content of EuL was 25.9 mg/g, 18.4 mg/g and 16.6 mg/g of eugenial C, eugenial D and eugenial E, respectively. The in vivo analysis of the inflammatory exudate of EuL-treated mice demonstrated reduction in the polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) migration to the inflamed tissue, as well as the reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Histologically, it was observed evident decrease in the oedema, formed essentially by non-haemorrhagic fibrin exudate, as well as PMN infiltrate, when compared with control mice injected with carrageenan. Furthermore, the extract also presented effective reduction of the mechanical hypersensitivity induced by carrageenan without any interference in animal's locomotor and exploratory activity. CONCLUSIONS Together, the results herein obtained show that EuL presented anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the influx of PMN to the inflamed tissue, as well as the cytokine IL-1β level. This anti-inflammatory activity was also accompanied by significant anti-hypersensitive effect. The effects presented by EuL seem not to be correlated with an antioxidant activity. However other extract chemical compounds could be responsible for its important anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claiza Barretta
- Nutrition, Courses, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Roberta Nunes
- Pharmacy, Courses, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Milena Fronza Broering
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Renata De Faveri
- Biomedicine, Courses, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Patrício Corrêa
- Physical Therapy, Courses, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Vicente Farias
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Veronica Davila Pastor
- Biomedicine, Courses, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Nutrition, Courses, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Christiane Meyre-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tania Mari Belle Bresolin
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rilton Alves de Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nara Lins Meira Quintão
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Santin
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Betulin efficiently suppresses the process of an experimental Listeria monocytogenes infection as an antagonist against listeriolysin O. Fitoterapia 2019; 139:104409. [PMID: 31698059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a widespread foodborne intracellular pathogen that invades a variety of cells, causing abortions and severe human diseases. After internalization into host cells, pore-forming cytolysin listeriolysin O (LLO) disrupts the phagosome, which allows the bacterium to survive and colonize the cytoplasm, providing the bacterium the chance to infect neighboring cells. Betulin is an extracted natural compound from birch bark with diverse pharmacological activities. Here, we showed that LLO-induced rabbit red blood cell lysis in vitro was inhibited by preincubation with betulin, which suppressed the oligomerization process. Infectious assays performed with human monocyte macrophages indicated that betulin significantly protected cells against Lm-induced cell injury. In addition, Balb/c mice were used to perform a general infection, and betulin administration obviously inhibited organ damage and bacterial burden in livers and spleens of infected mice. In conclusion, betulin obviously inhibited Lm-induced cell injury in vitro and protected against infection in vivo through an antivirulence effect. Our results showed betulin as a new candidate against listeriosis by targeting LLO and highlight the potential of natural product-based medicine to be applied in the treatment of pathogenic infections.
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Li Y, Li D, An Q, Ma H, Mu Y, Qiao W, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Huang X, Li L. New Acylated Phenolic Glycosides with ROS-Scavenging Activity from Psidium guajava Leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11089-11098. [PMID: 31509411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress are reported to play important roles in chronic metabolic diseases. Plant-derived polyphenols, especially food-derived phenolics, have attracted a lot of attention due to their potential usage against oxidative stress-related diseases. The leaf of Psidium guajava (known as guava) is regarded as a good resource of polyphenols and its products are commercially available in Japan as functional foods against multiple chronic metabolism disorders. In the course of finding novel polyphenols with antioxidative activities from guava leaf, 11 acylated phenolic glycosides (1-11), including 5 new oleuropeic acid-conjugated phenolic glycosides, named guajanosides A-E (1, 2, and 5-7), along with 17 known meroterpenoides (12-28), were isolated and identified. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, chemical degradation, and acid hydrolysis. Compounds 1, 2, and 5-11 displayed potent reactive oxygen species-scavenging activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Western blot revealed that compound 6 markedly increased the expression levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), and the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit. The current study revealed the presence of oleuropeic acid-derived phenolic glycosides in guava leaf and highlighted the potential usage of this type of phenolics against oxidative stress-related metabolic diseases via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , P. R. China
| | - Qi An
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , P. R. China
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , Rhode Island 02881 , United States
| | - Yu Mu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Qiao
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shenyang 110032 , P. R. China
| | - Zengguang Zhang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shenyang 110032 , P. R. China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Liya Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
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Li J, Jiang B, Chen C, Fan B, Huang H, Chen G. Biotransformation of betulin by Mucor subtilissimus to discover anti-inflammatory derivatives. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 166:112076. [PMID: 31351331 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of lupane-type triterpenoid betulin was carried out with Mucor subtilissimus CGMCC 3.2456. Yielded nine previously undescribed hydroxylated compounds. M. subtilissimus biotransformation provided C-7, C-11, C-15 and C-24 hydroxylated compounds along with C-7 oxidized and C-28 acetylated derivatives. The structures of the metabolites were established based on extensive NMR and HR-ESI-MS data analyses. Furthermore, we found that most of the metabolites exhibited pronounced inhibitory activities on lipopolysaccharides-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | | | - Chen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Boyi Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huilian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, China
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Buko V, Kuzmitskaya I, Kirko S, Belonovskaya E, Naruta E, Lukivskaya O, Shlyahtun A, Ilyich T, Zakreska A, Zavodnik I. Betulin attenuated liver damage by prevention of hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in rats with alcoholic steatohepatitis. Physiol Int 2019; 106:323-334. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.106.2019.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Betulin, a pentacyclic triterpene, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of liver mitochondria in hepatoprotection of betulin using a rat model of alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by ethanol administration (4 g/kg, intragastric) for 8 weeks. The treatment with betulin (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w., intragastric) during this period attenuated the histological signs of steatohepatitis and lowered the serum and liver triglyceride contents, as well as the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Betulin (100 mg/kg) decreased the liver/body weight ratio and inhibited the increase in the serum levels of TNFα, IL-1β, TGFβ, and hyaluronic acid, demonstrating hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic potential. Betulin also inhibited the formation of superoxide anions in mitochondria and the end-products of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue, the amount of which was significantly increased in ethanol-treated rats. The disturbances in mitochondrial respiration, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and decreasing of mitochondrial complex I, II, and IV activities in rats with steatohepatitis, were reverted by betulin administration. The increased susceptibility of mitochondria to Ca2+-induced permeability transition pore formation in the hepatitis group was improved in rats treated with betulin. In conclusion, betulin, having antioxidant properties, exerts a beneficial effect in the rat model of alcoholic steatohepatitis via prevention of liver mitochondria dysfunction, which may be attributed to the inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Buko
- 1 Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences, Grodno, Belarus
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Bialystok, Poland
| | - I Kuzmitskaya
- 1 Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences, Grodno, Belarus
| | - S Kirko
- 1 Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences, Grodno, Belarus
| | - E Belonovskaya
- 1 Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences, Grodno, Belarus
| | - E Naruta
- 1 Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences, Grodno, Belarus
| | - O Lukivskaya
- 1 Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences, Grodno, Belarus
| | - A Shlyahtun
- 1 Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences, Grodno, Belarus
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Bialystok, Poland
| | - T Ilyich
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - A Zakreska
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Bialystok, Poland
| | - I Zavodnik
- 1 Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences, Grodno, Belarus
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
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Xu D, Liao S, Li P, Zhang Q, Lv Y, Fu X, Yang M, Wang J, Kong L. Metabolomics Coupled with Transcriptomics Approach Deciphering Age Relevance in Sepsis. Aging Dis 2019; 10:854-870. [PMID: 31440390 PMCID: PMC6675524 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe disease frequently occurred in the Intenisive Care Unit (ICU), which has a very high morbidity and mortality, especially in patients aged over 65 years. Owing to the aging effect and the ensuing deterioration of body function, the elder patients may have atypical responses to sepsis. Diagnosis and pathogenesis of sepsis in this population are thus difficult, which hindered effective treatment and management in clinic. To investigated age effects on sepsis, 158 elderly septic patients and 71 non-septic elderly participants were enrolled, and their plasma samples were collected for transcriptomics (RNA-seq) and metabolomics (NMR and GC-MS) analyses, which are both increasingly being utilized to discover key molecular changes and potential biomarkers for various diseases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was subsequently performed to assist cross-platform integration. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for validation of RNA-seq results. For further understanding of the mechanisms, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) experiment was performed both in young and middle-aged rats, which were subjected to NMR-based metabolomics study and validated for several key inflammation pathways by western blot. Comprehensive analysis of data from the two omics approaches provides a systematic perspective on dysregulated pathways that could facilitate the development of therapy and biomarkers for elderly sepsis. Additionally, the metabolites of lactate, arginine, histamine, tyrosine, glutamate and glucose were shown to be highly specific and sensitive in distinguishing septic patients from healthy controls. Significant increases of arginine, trimethylamine N-oxide and allantoin characterized elderly patient incurred sepsis. Further analytical and biological validations in different subpopulations of septic patients should be carried out, allowing accurate diagnostics and precise treatment of sepsis in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingqiao Xu
- 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanting Liao
- 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Li
- 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lv
- 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minghua Yang
- 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junsong Wang
- 2Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Schwieger-Briel A, Ott H, Kiritsi D, Laszczyk-Lauer M, Bodemer C. Mechanism of Oleogel-S10: A triterpene preparation for the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e12983. [PMID: 31168940 PMCID: PMC6771815 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare heterogeneous, genetic disorders. Currently, there is no effective pharmacological or genetic therapy for all EB subtypes. Dry extract from birch bark and betulin upregulate some pro‐inflammatory mediators and downregulate others. The increase in pro‐inflammatory cytokines is temporary and attenuated over long‐term treatment. This inflammatory stimulus is thought to be prerequisite for a secondary anti‐inflammatory response. Dry extract from birch bark and its active marker substances have also been shown to increase the migration of primary human keratinocytes, accelerate wound closure, and promote differentiation of keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo—processes that are essential for reepithelialization and maintenance of the skin barrier. Comprehensive clinical data are available to support the use of Oleogel‐S10 in the treatment of partial thickness wounds of different etiologies, and a proof‐of‐concept Phase 2 study in patients with dystrophic EB has suggested the potential for faster reepithelialization of wounds treated with Oleogel‐S10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Schwieger-Briel
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, University Childrens' Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hagen Ott
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Children's Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christine Bodemer
- Department of Dermatology, Institut Imagine, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris University, APHP 5; Centre for Genodermatoses (MAGEC); European Network for Rare Skin Diseases (ERN-SKIN), Paris, France
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Amiri S, Dastghaib S, Ahmadi M, Mehrbod P, Khadem F, Behrouj H, Aghanoori MR, Machaj F, Ghamsari M, Rosik J, Hudecki A, Afkhami A, Hashemi M, Los MJ, Mokarram P, Madrakian T, Ghavami S. Betulin and its derivatives as novel compounds with different pharmacological effects. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 38:107409. [PMID: 31220568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Betulin (B) and Betulinic acid (BA) are natural pentacyclic lupane-structure triterpenoids which possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. Recent evidence indicates that B and BA have several properties useful for the treatment of metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological disorders. In the current review, we discuss B and BA structures and derivatives and then comprehensively explain their pharmacological effects in relation to various diseases. We also explain antiviral, antibacterial and anti-cancer effects of B and BA. Finally, we discuss the delivery methods, in which these compounds most effectively target different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Amiri
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Khadem
- Department of Immunology, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Hamid Behrouj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad-Reza Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-344 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mahdi Ghamsari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-344 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Hudecki
- Institue of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Abbas Afkhami
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Marek J Los
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, ul Bolesława Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice, Poland; Linkocare Life Sciences AB, Teknikringen 10, Plan 3, 583 30 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Daphnetin activates the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response to prevent arsenic-induced oxidative insult in human lung epithelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 302:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sunkari S, Thatikonda S, Pooladanda V, Challa VS, Godugu C. Protective effects of ambroxol in psoriasis like skin inflammation: Exploration of possible mechanisms. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 71:301-312. [PMID: 30933843 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of ambroxol in psoriasis-like skin inflammation both in vitro and in vivo and delineate the molecular mechanism of ambroxol. Our data demonstrated that ambroxol has an imperative role in inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated nitrite levels, total cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level which was determined by Griess assay, DCFDA, and MitoSOX Red staining, respectively. We found that ambroxol remarkably reduced imiquimod (IMQ) induced epidermal hyperplasia, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scoring, splenomegaly, skin, and ear fold thickness. In addition, the histopathological evaluation revealed that ambroxol topical and subcutaneous treatment eloquently reduced psoriasiform lesions including acanthosis. Moreover, with ambroxol intervention, the levels of antioxidants glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and IL-10 were found to be increased along with a reduction in nitrite levels in skin tissues. On the other hand, ambroxol treatment significantly reduced imiquimod-induced levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, TGF-β, and TNF-α. Furthermore, from immunoblotting, we found a decrease in the protein expression of nitrotyrosine, iNOS, NF-κB and MAPKs signaling cascade with a concomitant increase in the expression of Nrf-2 and SOD-1 in RAW 264.7 cells and skin tissues by ambroxol. Similar findings were observed by immunofluorescence in macrophages. Moreover, ambroxol downregulated the ICAM-1 and Ki67 expression observed in skin tissues. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ambroxol may have intriguing therapeutic possibilities in attenuating psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Sunkari
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Sowjanya Thatikonda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Venkatesh Pooladanda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Veerabhadra Swamy Challa
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
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Fomes fomentarius Ethanol Extract Exerts Inhibition of Cell Growth and Motility Induction of Apoptosis via Targeting AKT in Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051147. [PMID: 30845749 PMCID: PMC6429104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fomes fomentarius, an edible mushroom, is known to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetes effects. However, the underlying anti-cancer mechanism of F. fomentarius is unknown. To determine the molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer effects of F. fomentarius, various methods were used including fluorescence-activated cell sorting, Western blotting, migration, and crystal violet assays. F. fomentarius ethanol extract (FFE) decreased cell viability in six cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, A549, H460, DU145, and PC-3). FFE decreased the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells without causing cell toxicity. Furthermore, FFE attenuated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and phosphorylation of Akt as well as increased E-cadherin in MDA-MB-231 cells. FFE arrested the S and G2/M populations by inhibiting the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cyclin A/E, and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2. FFE increased the sub-G1 population and expression of cleaved caspase-9, -3, and cleaved poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP-ribose) polymerase at 72 h and suppressed B-cell lymphoma 2. Interestingly, FFE and AKT inhibitors showed similar effects in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, FFE contained betulin which inhibited p-AKT in MDA-MB-231 cells. Our findings demonstrate that FFE inhibits cell motility and growth and induces apoptosis by inhibiting the phsphoinositide 3- kinase /AKT pathway and caspase activation.
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80
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Wu W, Wang S, Liu Q, Wang X, Shan T, Wang Y. Cathelicidin-WA attenuates LPS-induced inflammation and redox imbalance through activation of AMPK signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:338-353. [PMID: 30273672 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated activation of inflammation is associated with the development and progression of many diseases. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been shown to promote an inflammatory response. Cathelicidin peptides not only defend against the invasion of various microbes but also play an important role in regulating immune responses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Cathelicidin-WA (CWA) on the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in macrophages. Our results showed that CWA efficiently attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation and oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that CWA significantly reduced the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB, thus decreasing the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in macrophages. On the other hand, CWA markedly promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 via the AKT pathway and p38 signaling. This resulted in increased expression of the anti-oxidative genes NQO-1 and HO-1 and alleviated oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Interestingly, the effects of CWA were diminished when AMPK was knocked down. Consistently, we noticed that CWA failed to ameliorate the LPS-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in AMPK knockout mice. Furthermore, we discovered that LKB1 was essential for AMPK activation by CWA. These data demonstrated for the first time that CWA attenuated LPS-stimulated inflammation and redox imbalance through regulating LKB1-AMPK signaling. Such knowledge provides new insights into the mechanisms through which Cathelicidin peptides modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiche Wu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Sisi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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Ooi BK, Chan KG, Goh BH, Yap WH. The Role of Natural Products in Targeting Cardiovascular Diseases via Nrf2 Pathway: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1308. [PMID: 30498447 PMCID: PMC6249275 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are closely linked to cellular oxidative stress and inflammation. This may be resulted from the imbalance generation of reactive oxygen species and its role in promoting inflammation, thereby contributing to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that plays a significant role in regulating expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective enzymes in response to oxidative stress. Natural products have emerged as a potential source of bioactive compounds which have shown to protect against atherogenesis development by activating Nrf2 signaling. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the published data on the function, regulation and activation of Nrf2 as well as the molecular mechanisms of natural products in regulating Nrf2 signaling. The beneficial effects of using natural bioactive compounds as a promising therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of CVDs are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Kee Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes, Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Sipjeondaebo-tang Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Mediated Liver Injury through Activation of the CaMKK2-AMPK Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8609285. [PMID: 30524483 PMCID: PMC6247439 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8609285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sipjeondaebo-tang (SDT) is used frequently as a herbal prescription to treat deficiency syndromes in traditional Korean medicine. We investigated the hepatoprotective effects of SDT against oxidative stress and attempted to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms. SDT pretreatment reduced arachidonic acid (AA) plus iron-mediated cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner and prevented changes in apoptosis-related protein expression. In addition, SDT pretreatment significantly reduced glutathione depletion, hydrogen peroxide production, and mitochondrial dysfunction via treatment with AA plus iron. SDT increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in accordance with the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2). Experiments using an AMPK chemical inhibitor (Compound C) or CaMKK2 chemical inhibitor (STO-609) suggested that the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway contributes to SDT-mediated protection of mitochondria and cells. Moreover, administration of SDT for 4 consecutive days to mice significantly reduced the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities induced by carbon tetrachloride, and the numbers of degenerated hepatocytes, infiltrated inflammatory cells, nitrotyrosine-positive cells, and 4-hydroxynonenal-positive cells in liver tissue. Therefore, SDT protects hepatocytes from oxidative stress via CaMKK2-dependent AMPK activation and has the therapeutic potential to prevent or treat oxidative stress-related liver injury.
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Betulin inhibits lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in mice through activating PPAR-γ. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:941-945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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84
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Li J, Li Y, Pan S, Zhang L, He L, Niu Y. Paeonol attenuates ligation-induced periodontitis in rats by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis via regulating Nrf2/NF-κB/NFATc1 signaling pathway. Biochimie 2018; 156:129-137. [PMID: 30213522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Paeonol is a natural phenolic compound in Moutan Cortex with multiple biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity. Recent evidence has proven that persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, along with nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling dysfunction in periodontium are the possible causes of alveolar bone resorption, and ultimately lead to periodontitis. The present study was designed to explore the protective effects of paeonol on ligation-induced periodontitis in rats, and investigate the possible mechanism. We found that treatment with paeonol (40, 80 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) for 7 days remarkably decreased the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand increased the expression of osteoprotegrin and inhibited the formation of osteoclasts. This function of paeonol might be correlated with its ability to reduce inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and alleviate oxidative stress (SOD, MDA, GSH and ROS) in gingival tissues. Besides, paeonol increased Nrf2 activity. Silence of Nrf2 using specific siRNA diminished the inhibitory effect of paeonol on NF-κB p65 activation and downstream expression, suggesting that Nrf2 was essential for protective effect of paeonol. These results showed that paeonol protected against periodontitis-aggravated osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone lesion via regulating Nrf2/NF-κB/NFATc1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Pan
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina He
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Niu
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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85
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Park SY, Jin ML, Yi EH, Kim Y, Park G. Neochlorogenic acid inhibits against LPS-activated inflammatory responses through up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and involving AMPK pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 62:1-10. [PMID: 29908432 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic inflammatory diseases are associated with excessive inflammation due to the accumulation of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines produced by macrophages. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of neochlorogenic acid (nCGA) from Lonicera japonica on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated inflammation in macrophages and participation of the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway. nCGA pretreatment significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, TNF-α, reactive oxygen species, IL-1β, and IL-6 by LPS-activated macrophages. Moreover, both transcript and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 were reduced by nCGA in LPS-activated macrophages. nCGA inhibited NF-κB activation by attenuating IKKα/β and IκBα phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, nCGA attenuated LPS-elevated JAK-1, STAT-1, and MAPK phosphorylation. We further evaluated the possible role of nCGA in the induction of AMPK/Nrf2 signal pathways required for the protein expression of HO-1 and NQO-1. nCGA induced AMPK activation via phosphorylation of LKB1 and CaMKII and by the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β. It stimulated the overexpression of Nrf2/ARE-regulated downstream proteins, such as NQO-1 and HO-1. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of nCGA were attenuated in macrophages subjected to siRNAs specific for HO-1, NQO-1, Nrf2, and AMPK. Accordingly, these results indicate that nCGA, as an AMPK/Nrf2 signal activator, prevents excessive macrophage-mediated responses associated with acute and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mei Ling Jin
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Eun Hye Yi
- HYUNDAI ENTEC 304Ho, 7, Hoenggye-gil, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 46048, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kim
- HYUNDAI ENTEC 304Ho, 7, Hoenggye-gil, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 46048, Republic of Korea
| | - Geuntae Park
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Gyeongsang 46241, Republic of Korea.
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86
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Inhibitory Effects of Compounds and Extracts from Ampelopsis brevipedunculata on IL-6-Induced STAT3 Activation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3684845. [PMID: 29984230 PMCID: PMC6015723 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3684845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. (AB), a traditional East Asian medicine, exhibits protective effects against several inflammatory diseases. Our search for an inhibitor of IL-6-induced JAK2/STAT3 activation revealed that AB ethanolic extract (ABE) had a significant inhibitory effect on IL-6-induced STAT3 expression in Hep3B cells. The isolation and purification of an EtOAc-soluble fraction of ABE (ABEA) using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) afforded 17 compounds. The structures of these compounds (1-17) were elucidated based on 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as well as electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) data. ABE and ABEA were screened by a luciferase assay using Hep3B cells transfected with the STAT3 reporter gene. ABEA exhibited potent inhibitory effects on IL-6-induced STAT3 expression; moreover, these effects arose from the inhibition of the phosphorylation of the STAT3, JAK2, and ERK proteins in U266 cells. In addition, the compounds isolated from ABEA were measured for their inhibitory effects on IL-6-stimulated STAT3 expression. Of the compounds isolated, betulin showed the greatest inhibitory effects on IL-6-induced STAT3 activation in the luciferase assay (IC50 value: 3.12 μM). Because of its potential for inhibiting STAT3 activation, A. brevipedunculata could be considered a source of compounds of pharmaceutical interest.
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87
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Chondroprotective Effects of a Standardized Extract (KBH-JP-040) from Kalopanax pictus, Hericium erinaceus, and Astragalus membranaceus in Experimentally Induced In Vitro and In Vivo Osteoarthritis Models. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030356. [PMID: 29543781 PMCID: PMC5872774 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the chondroprotective effect of a standardized extract (KBH-JP-040) of the Korean traditional herbs Kalopanax pictus Castor-Aralia, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Persoon, and Astragalus membranaceus Schischkin on in vivo and in vitro osteoarthritis (OA) models. Cultured rat chondrocytes were pre-treated with KBH-JP-040 (50, 100 and 200 μg/mL) for 1 h, then recombinant human IL-1α (rhIL-1α) for 24 h. For the in vivo model, rabbits (n = 60) were equally divided into experimental groups: normal control (NC), a collagenase-induced OA group, and OA groups treated with KBH-JP-040 (75, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight) and celecoxib (Cx, 100 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. Treatment with KBH-JP-040 significantly attenuated inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), suppressed the expression of IκBα, NF-κB, and JNK/p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and upregulated aggrecan and collagen type-II expression in rhIL-1α-stimulated chondrocytes. Furthermore, the serum and synovial levels of inflammatory cytokines of rabbits also decreased in the treatment groups when compared with the OA group. Improved magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological findings further confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of KBH-JP-040 against OA. In conclusion, these results indicate that KBH-JP-040 possesses chondroprotective effects, suppressing inflammation and MMPs, and downregulating IκBα, NF-κB, and JNK/p38 MAP kinase-signaling pathways. This might be a potential therapeutic candidate for OA treatment.
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88
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Cuadrado A, Manda G, Hassan A, Alcaraz MJ, Barbas C, Daiber A, Ghezzi P, León R, López MG, Oliva B, Pajares M, Rojo AI, Robledinos-Antón N, Valverde AM, Guney E, Schmidt HHHW. Transcription Factor NRF2 as a Therapeutic Target for Chronic Diseases: A Systems Medicine Approach. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:348-383. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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89
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Khandaker M, Akter S, Imam MZ. Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.: A vegetable with diverse pharmacological properties. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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90
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Qin X, Jiang T, Liu S, Tan J, Wu H, Zheng L, Zhao J. Effect of metformin on ossification and inflammation of fibroblasts in ankylosing spondylitis: An in vitro study. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1074-1082. [PMID: 28696014 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibroblasts ossification. However, effective drug therapy for AS is lacking. As an antidiabetic drug, metformin has demonstrated an antiosteogenic effect on osteoblasts in vitro. And it is also a kind of specific agonists for adenosine 5'-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is blocked in the process of AS. Given the role in antiosteogenesis and AMPK activating, metformin was investigated of its effect on fibroblasts harvested from capsular ligament of patients with femoral neck fracture and AS. Osteogenic specific makers (Alp, Bglap, Runx2, Bmp2, and Col1) in fibroblasts administered with metformin (20 μg/mL) were detected by ALP staining, alizarin red staining, qPCR, and Western blotting after 7 and 14 days of culture. Inflammation genes (il1-β and il6) and pathway (Pi3k, Akt, and Ampk) associated markers were also evaluated. Our results showed that osteogenic specific markers were greatly downregulated and ossification was effectively inhibited in AS fibroblasts after addition of metformin. Levels of inflammation markers were also decreased by metformin. Thus, metformin exerts potent effect on suppression of ossification and inflammation in AS fibroblasts via the activation of Pi3k/Akt and AMPK pathways, which may be developed as a potential agent for treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Qin
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiachang Tan
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Huayu Wu
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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