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Lucas S, Henze G, Schnabel D, Barthlen W, Sakuma S, Kurtz A, Driever PH. Serum levels of Midkine in children and adolescents without malignant disease. Pediatr Int 2010; 52:75-9. [PMID: 19460128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2009.02885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth factor, is a secreted protein and can be detected in a patient's sera. METHOD MK was studied in the sera of 215 children and adolescents without malignant disease using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in order to determine the distribution of concentrations in a control population for pediatric oncology patients. Tested subjects either underwent surgical procedures or suffered from endocrinological diseases. RESULTS Elevated MK levels were found in patients with short stature, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cleft lip and palate. These patients were subsequently excluded from the "non-cancer" group. MK serum levels did neither correlate with sex, age, weight or height nor showed a normal distribution (n= 152, range: 0.0-5.58 ng/ml, median: 0.0 ng/ml, mean: 0.26 ng/ml, SD: +/-0.61). CONCLUSION MK serum values in children and adolescents are widely spread and not normally distributed. The present results indicate that the MK expression is influenced by many factors apart from cancer, which have not yet been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lucas
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Krzystek-Korpacka M, Neubauer K, Matusiewicz M. Circulating midkine in Crohn's disease: clinical implications. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16:208-15. [PMID: 19572374 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A noninvasive marker facilitating differential diagnosis in Crohn's disease (CD) is sought after. Midkine is a heparin-binding growth factor of angiogenic and chemotactic properties, positively evaluated as a tumor marker, and a possible association with CD has not yet been investigated. METHODS Circulating midkine was measured in 91 CD patients and 108 controls and related to disease clinical and biochemical activity, inflammation severity, and angiogenesis. Midkine diagnostic value in comparison with C-reactive protein (CRP) was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Circulating midkine was elevated both in quiescent and active disease compared to controls (147, 506, and 93 pg/mL, respectively), and corresponded well with disease activity (r = 0.49, P < 0.001). Midkine significantly correlated with inflammatory indices: CRP (r = 0.49), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.31), leukocytes (r = 0.48), platelets (r = 0.52), albumin (r = -0.49), transferrin (r = -0.47), and IL-6 (r = 0.54); hematological variables: hemoglobin (r = -0.38), hematocrit (r = -0.43), and iron (r = -0.58); angiogenic factors: vascular endothelial growth factor-A (r = 0.42), fibroblast growth factor-2 (r = 0.54), and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (r = 0.57). Midkine elevation corresponded well (r = -0.41) with the drop in paraoxonase-1 activity-a quorum-quenching factor. Midkine as a marker of active CD had sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 97%, respectively, whereas CRP was 83% and 92%. CONCLUSIONS CD is associated with an elevation of midkine, which corresponds well with disease activity and reflects the severity of inflammatory response and exacerbation of pathological angiogenesis. Midkine performance as a disease marker was slightly better than that of CRP. Its high specificity and likelihood ratios for positive test results might recommend midkine as a possible "ruling in" marker in CD.
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Kosugi T, Heinig M, Nakayama T, Matsuo S, Nakagawa T. eNOS knockout mice with advanced diabetic nephropathy have less benefit from renin-angiotensin blockade than from aldosterone receptor antagonists. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 176:619-29. [PMID: 20042665 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
While blockade of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) is beneficial in treating many patients with diabetic nephropathy, some patients show a poor response. We hypothesized that the poor response of RAS blockade is attributed to inability to stimulate endothelial nitric oxide. Recently, we reported that diabetic eNOS knockout (KO) mice develop advanced diabetic nephropathy similar to human disease. Here, we tested the hypothesis that blockade of the RAS would be less beneficial in this model than in diabetic wild-type mice. Both enalapril and telmisartan were less effective at reducing renal injury in diabetic eNOSKO mice compared with diabetic wild-type mice. Blood pressure was only transiently reduced by these treatments in diabetic eNOSKO mice and later returned to levels similar to that of untreated diabetic eNOSKO mice. Serum aldosterone tended to be paradoxically higher with enalapril or telmisartan in diabetic eNOSKO mice, whereas these treatments tended to lower aldosterone in diabetic wild-type mice. The pathogenic role of aldosterone was demonstrated by the evidence that spironolactone significantly reduced blood pressure and prevented renal injury. In addition, a higher dose of enalapril also failed to prevent hypertension and renal injury in diabetic eNOSKO mice. In conclusion, an impaired endothelial NO response could lessen the benefit of RAS inhibition in diabetic renal disease. Aldosterone blockade may provide superior protection in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kosugi
- Division of Nephrology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Kosugi T, Nakayama T, Li Q, Chiodo VA, Zhang L, Campbell-Thompson M, Grant M, Croker BP, Nakagawa T. Soluble Flt-1 gene therapy ameliorates albuminuria but accelerates tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 298:F609-16. [PMID: 20015944 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00377.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
VEGF is recognized as a major mediator in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Soluble Flt-1 (sFlt-1) is the endogenous inhibitor of VEGF, and recently genetic overexpression of sFlt-1 in the podocyte was shown to be protective in murine diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we performed a translational study to determine whether an intramuscular gene transfer of sFlt-1 can prevent the progression of renal disease in diabetic db/db mice. Adeno-associated virus-1 (AAV1) encoding human sFlt-1 in two different doses was intramuscularly administrated in db/db and wild-type mice. The sFlt-1-AAV1 treatment significantly increased serum sFlt-1 level at 4 and 8 wk. A dose that was developed in this study caused minimal abnormalities in normal mice but reduced albuminuria in diabetic db/db mice. In renal histology, sFlt-1 treatment at this dose had minimal effects on mesangial expansion in diabetic mice, whereas podocyte injury was significantly improved, at 8 wk. Unfortunately, tubulointerstitial injury was markedly exacerbated by sFlt-1 treatment in association with a reduction in endogenous VEGF expression and peritubular capillary loss. In conclusion, gene therapy with sFlt-1-AAV1 protects podocytes but accelerates tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic db/db mice. These data suggest systemic overexpression of sFlt-1 will not likely be useful for treating diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kosugi
- Division of Nephrology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Krzystek-Korpacka M, Neubauer K, Matusiewicz M. Clinical relevance of circulating midkine in ulcerative colitis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009; 47:1085-90. [PMID: 19728850 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2009.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive biochemical markers are needed to support the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC), an incurable disease of unknown pathology. Midkine is an angiogenic cytokine, chemotactic towards neutrophils and macrophages, and a T-regulatory cell suppressor. METHODS Serum midkine was measured immunoenzymatically in 93 UC patients and 108 healthy subjects, and evaluated with respect to disease status, endoscopic, inflammatory and angiogenic activity. The diagnostic value of midkine was compared to C-reactive protein (CRP) using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Midkine was higher (p<0.0001) in inactive (199 ng/L) and active UC (351 ng/L) compared with controls (93 ng/L), and reflected disease activity (r=0.427, p<0.001). Midkine was correlated with CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), leukocytes, platelets, interleukin-6, paraoxonase-1, albumin, transferrin, iron, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Midkine correlated with angiogenic factors: vascular endothelial growth factor-A and platelet-derived growth factor-BB. As a marker of UC, midkine showed a diagnostic accuracy of 85%, sensitivity of 72%, specificity of 82%, whereas CRP showed 83%, 65% and 91%, respectively. As a marker of active UC, midkine showed a diagnostic accuracy of 87%, sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 75%, whereas CRP showed 75%, 63% and 83%, respectively. Combined assessment of midkine and CRP improved sensitivity but substantially decreased specificity. CONCLUSIONS UC is associated with increased circulating midkine, which corresponds with clinical, endoscopic, inflammatory and angiogenic activity, and anemia. Performance of midkine as a marker of UC or active UC was comparable to that of CRP.
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Sakakima H, Yoshida Y, Yamazaki Y, Matsuda F, Ikutomo M, Ijiri K, Muramatsu H, Muramatsu T, Kadomatsu K. Disruption of the midkine gene (Mdk) delays degeneration and regeneration in injured peripheral nerve. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:2908-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Floege J, Uhlig S. Kidney calling lung and call back: how organs talk to each other. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 25:32-4. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Kosugi T, Nakayama T, Heinig M, Zhang L, Yuzawa Y, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Roncal C, Johnson RJ, Nakagawa T. Effect of lowering uric acid on renal disease in the type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 297:F481-8. [PMID: 19458127 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00092.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia has recently been recognized to be a risk factor for nephropathy in the diabetic subject. We tested the hypothesis that lowering uric acid with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor might reduce renal injury in the diabetic mouse. Diabetic (db/db) mice were treated with allopurinol or no treatment for 8 wk. Serum uric acid, renal function, and histology were assessed at death. The direct effect of uric acid in human proximal tubular epithelial cells was also evaluated under normal or high glucose condition. We found that db/db mice developed hyperuricemia, albuminuria, mesangial matrix expansion, and mild tubulointerstitial disease. Allopurinol treatment significantly lowered uric acid levels, reduced albuminuria, and ameliorated tubulointerstitial injury, but it did not prevent mesangial expansion. The mechanism for protection was shown to be due to a reduction in inflammatory cells mediated by a reduction in ICAM-1 expression by tubular epithelial cells. Interestingly, allopurinol did not reduce oxidative stress in the kidney. An inflammatory role of uric acid on tubular cells was also confirmed by our in vitro evidence that uric acid directly induced ICAM-1 expression in the human proximal tubular cell. In conclusion, hyperuricemia has a pathogenic role in the mild tubulointerstitial injury associated with diabetic nephropathy but not glomerular damage in db/db mice. Lowering uric acid may reduce tubulointerstitial injury in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kosugi
- Division of Nephrology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Wolak T, Kim H, Ren Y, Kim J, Vaziri ND, Nicholas SB. Osteopontin modulates angiotensin II-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis of the kidney. Kidney Int 2009; 76:32-43. [PMID: 19357716 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin, a secreted glycoprotein has been implicated in several renal pathological conditions such as those due to ureteral obstruction, ischemia, and cyclosporine toxicity. We studied its possible role in angiotensin II-mediated renal injury by infusing wild-type and osteopontin knockout mice with angiotensin II and found that it raised blood pressure and increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratios in both strains of mice. However, while wild-type mice responded to the infusion by macrophage infiltration and increased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor-beta; the osteopontin knockout mice developed none of these. Further, the knockout mice had increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NADPH oxidase subunits such as NOX2, gp47phox, and NOX4; and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 compared to the wild type animals. Proximal tubule epithelial cells in culture treated with recombinant osteopontin and angiotensin II had increased alpha-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-beta expression. The effect of angiotensin II was blocked by an antibody to osteopontin. In addition, osteopontin attenuated angiotensin II-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression. These studies show that osteopontin is a promoter and an inhibitor of inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis that is capable of modulating angiotensin II-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Wolak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Alexander MP, Patel TV, Farag YMK, Florez A, Rennke HG, Singh AK. Kidney pathological changes in metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 53:751-9. [PMID: 19339092 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.01.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing and has been associated with chronic kidney disease. Kidney pathological findings in patients with metabolic syndrome have not been well described, as was explored in this study. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS We retrospectively screened clinical information for 146 patients who underwent elective nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma between January 2005 and March 2007 at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. Twelve patients with metabolic syndrome were identified. Twelve age- and sex-matched patients who did not have any of the criteria for metabolic syndrome were used as controls. PREDICTOR Presence of metabolic syndrome defined by using Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. OUTCOMES Histological characteristics in each group, decrease in kidney function at 1-year follow-up. MEASUREMENTS Two pathologists blinded to the clinical diagnosis independently evaluated nephrectomy specimens using Banff criteria to objectively assess histological characteristics. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. On histopathologic examination, patients with metabolic syndrome compared with controls had a greater prevalence of tubular atrophy (P = 0.006), interstitial fibrosis (P = 0.001), and arterial sclerosis (P = 0.001), suggesting microvascular disease. Patients with metabolic syndrome had greater global (P = 0.04) and segmental glomerulosclerosis (P = 0.05). Glomerular volume and cross-sectional surface area were not different. The combined end point of tubular atrophy greater than 5%, interstitial fibrosis greater than 5%, and presence of arterial sclerosis was more prevalent in patients with metabolic syndrome (P = 0.003; odds ratio, 33; confidence interval, 2.9 to 374.3) than controls. After 1 year, estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower in patients with metabolic syndrome compared with controls (P = 0.03). LIMITATIONS Small sample size, retrospective design. CONCLUSIONS We report a high prevalence of microvascular disease in patients with metabolic syndrome. There was a steeper decrease in kidney function over time in patients with metabolic syndrome, suggesting limited renal reserve. Aggressive screening and management may be warranted in patients with metabolic syndrome to protect kidney function.
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Kosugi T, Heinig M, Nakayama T, Connor T, Yuzawa Y, Li Q, Hauswirth WW, Grant MB, Croker BP, Campbell-Thompson M, Zhang L, Atkinson MA, Segal MS, Nakagawa T. Lowering blood pressure blocks mesangiolysis and mesangial nodules, but not tubulointerstitial injury, in diabetic eNOS knockout mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:1221-9. [PMID: 19246639 PMCID: PMC2671355 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we and others reported that diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOSKO) mice develop advanced glomerular lesions that include mesangiolysis and nodular lesions. Interestingly, insulin treatment lowered blood pressure and prevented renal lesions, raising the question as to whether these beneficial effects of insulin were due to its ability to lower either high glucose levels or high blood pressure. We, therefore, examined the effect of lowering blood pressure using hydralazine in this diabetic eNOSKO mouse model. Hydralazine treatment significantly blocked the development of mesangiolysis and microaneurysms, whereas tubulointerstitial injury was not prevented in these mice. Additionally, hydralazine did not reduce expression levels of either tubulointerstitial thrombospondin-1 or transforming growth factor-beta despite controlling blood pressure. On the other hand, the critical role of high glucose levels on the development of tubulointerstitial injury was suggested by the observation that serum glucose levels were correlated with tubulointerstitial injury, as well as with the expression levels of both transforming growth factor-beta and thrombospondin-1. Importantly, controlling blood glucose with insulin completely blocked tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic eNOSKO mice. These data suggest that glomerular injury is dependent on systemic blood pressure, whereas hyperglycemia may have a more important role in tubulointerstitial injury, possibly due to the stimulation of the thrombospondin-1-transforming growth factor-beta pathway in diabetic eNOSKO mice. This study could provide insights into the pathogenesis of advanced diabetic nephropathy in the presence of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kosugi
- Division of Nephrology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Narita H, Chen S, Komori K, Kadomatsu K. Midkine is expressed by infiltrating macrophages in in-stent restenosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. J Vasc Surg 2008; 47:1322-9. [PMID: 18353604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2007.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/16/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neointimal hyperplasia is strikingly suppressed in an endothelium injury model in mice deficient in the growth factor midkine. Knockdown of midkine expression by means of antisense oligonucleotide or small interfering RNA has been shown to lead to suppression of neointimal hyperplasia in a balloon injury model and a rabbit vein graft model; therefore, midkine is an essential factor for neointimal hyperplasia. These findings, however, do not necessarily apply to the function of midkine in vascular stenoses such as in-stent restenosis, because human vascular stenosis is often accompanied by atherosclerosis. METHODS We investigated midkine expression in the neointima induced by implantation of a bare metal stent in the atheromatous lesions of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. We analyzed midkine expression during a THP-1 cell differentiation and in peritoneal macrophages exposed to low-density lipoprotein or oxidized low-density lipoprotein. RESULTS Midkine expression reached the maximum level within 7 days after stenting and was detected in infiltrating macrophages. Differentiation of THP-1 cells to macrophage-like cells did not trigger midkine expression. Neither low-density lipoprotein nor oxidized low-density lipoprotein enhanced midkine expression in peritoneal macrophages that had been activated by thioglycollate, although these cells expressed a significant amount of midkine. CONCLUSION The results indicate that macrophages are the major source of midkine in the atherosclerotic neointima. The amount of midkine expressed in macrophages may be sufficient (ie, further enhancement of the expression is not necessary) for the pathogenesis, because oxidized low-density lipoprotein stimulation did not induce the midkine expression. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The growth factor midkine is induced during vascular stenosis in mouse and rat models with normal diet. Knockdown of midkine expression suppresses neointimal hyperplasia. The vascular response after stenting differs from that after balloon injury in that the inflammation is more prolonged and the accumulation of macrophages is more abundant in stent-injured vessel. We found here that macrophages are the major source of midkine in the atherosclerotic neointima of in-stent restenosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Our data suggest that midkine has an important role in in-stent restenosis of atherosclerotic vessels and is a candidate molecular target to prevent in-stent restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Narita
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Ogawa S, Mori T, Nako K, Ishizuka T, Ito S. Reduced albuminuria with sarpogrelate is accompanied by a decrease in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels in type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3:362-8. [PMID: 18235151 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.03450807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sarpogrelate has been shown to reduce albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. For examination of whether this is based on the same mechanisms as angiotensin II receptor blockers or thiazolidinedione, effects of sarpogrelate on atherosclerotic inflammatory molecules and their relations to albuminuria in patients who had diabetes and had already been treated with angiotensin II receptor blockers and with or without thiazolidinedione were examined. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Forty patients who had diabetes with nephropathy and arteriosclerosis obliterans and had already been treated with angiotensin II receptor blocker (n = 40) were randomly assigned to sarpogrelate (300 mg/d; n = 20) or aspirin group (100 mg/d; n = 20). Plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were measured at baseline and 16 wk after administration. RESULTS Only the sarpogrelate group showed increases in plasma adiponectin and decreases in both plasma and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and albumin-to-creatinine ratio levels. Moreover, percentage change of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 level correlated positively to that of albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Even when the sarpogrelate group was further divided into two groups with (n = 9) or without thiazolidinedione (n = 11), changes in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or albumin-to-creatinine ratio did not differ. CONCLUSIONS Sarpogrelate can reduce albuminuria and plasma and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels while increasing plasma adiponectin in diabetic nephropathy. These effects seem to be mediated via mechanisms that are different from those of angiotensin II receptor blocker or thiazolidinedione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ogawa
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
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Kang ES, Lee GT, Kim BS, Kim CH, Seo GH, Han SJ, Hur KY, Ahn CW, Ha H, Jung M, Ahn YS, Cha BS, Lee HC. Lithospermic acid B ameliorates the development of diabetic nephropathy in OLETF rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 579:418-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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