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Gurdal H, Tuglu M, Bostanabad S, Dalkili� B. Partial agonistic effect of cetuximab on epidermal growth factor receptor and Src kinase activation in triple‑negative breast cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1345-1356. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Gurdal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara, 06100�Ankara, Turkey
| | - Matilda Tuglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saber Bostanabad
- Biotechnology Institute of Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Başak Dalkili�
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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52
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Kalirajan R, Pandiselvi A, Gowramma B, Balachandran P. In-silico Design, ADMET Screening, MM-GBSA Binding Free Energy of Some Novel Isoxazole Substituted 9-Anilinoacridines as HER2 Inhibitors Targeting Breast Cancer. Curr Drug Res Rev 2019; 11:118-128. [PMID: 31513003 DOI: 10.2174/2589977511666190912154817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Epidermal development factor Receptor-2 (HER2) is a membrane tyrosine kinase which is overexpressed and gene amplified in human breast cancers. HER2 amplification and overexpression have been linked to important tumor cell proliferation and survival pathways for 20% of instances of breast cancer. 9-aminoacridines are significant DNA-intercalating agents because of their antiproliferative properties. OBJECTIVE Some novel isoxazole substituted 9-anilinoacridines(1a-z) were designed by in-silico technique for their HER2 inhibitory activity. Docking investigations of compounds 1a-z are performed against HER2 (PDB id-3PP0) by using Schrodinger suit 2016-2. METHODS Molecular docking study for the designed molecules 1a-z are performed by Glide module, in-silico ADMET screening by QikProp module and binding free energy by Prime-MMGBSA module of Schrodinger suit. The binding affinity of designed molecules 1a-z towards HER2 was chosen based on GLIDE score. RESULTS Many compounds showed good hydrophobic communications and hydrogen bonding associations to hinder HER2. The compounds 1a-z, aside from 1z have significant Glide scores in the scope of - 4.91 to - 10.59 when compared with the standard Ethacridine (- 4.23) and Tamoxifen (- 3.78). The in-silico ADMET properties are inside the suggested about drug likeness. MM-GBSA binding of the most intense inhibitor is positive. CONCLUSION The outcomes reveal that this study provides evidence for the consideration of isoxazole substituted 9-aminoacridine derivatives as potential HER2 inhibitors. The compounds, 1s,x,v,a,j,r with significant Glide scores may produce significant anti breast cancer activity and further in vitro and in vivo investigations may prove their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopal Kalirajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research-(Deemed to be University), Udhagamandalam - 643001 (Tamilnadu), India
| | - Arumugasamy Pandiselvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research-(Deemed to be University), Udhagamandalam - 643001 (Tamilnadu), India
| | - Byran Gowramma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research-(Deemed to be University), Udhagamandalam - 643001 (Tamilnadu), India
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53
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Fish L, Zhang S, Yu JX, Culbertson B, Zhou AY, Goga A, Goodarzi H. Cancer cells exploit an orphan RNA to drive metastatic progression. Nat Med 2018; 24:1743-1751. [PMID: 30397354 PMCID: PMC6223318 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study we performed a systematic search to identify breast cancer-specific small non-coding RNAs, which we have collectively termed orphan non-coding RNAs (oncRNAs). We subsequently discovered that one of these oncRNAs, which originates from the 3’ end of TERC, acts as a regulator of gene expression and is a robust promoter of breast cancer metastasis. This oncRNA, which we have named T3p, exerts its pro-metastatic effects by acting as an inhibitor of RISC complex activity and increasing the expression of the pro-metastatic genes NUPR1 and PANX2. Furthermore, we have shown that oncRNAs are present in cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles, raising the possibility that these circulating oncRNAs may also play a role in non-cell autonomous disease pathogenesis. Additionally, these circulating oncRNAs present a novel avenue for cancer fingerprinting using liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fish
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johnny X Yu
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Culbertson
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alicia Y Zhou
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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54
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Simiczyjew A, Dratkiewicz E, Van Troys M, Ampe C, Styczeń I, Nowak D. Combination of EGFR Inhibitor Lapatinib and MET Inhibitor Foretinib Inhibits Migration of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090335. [PMID: 30227653 PMCID: PMC6162814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most challenging subtype to treat due to the lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 expression, which excludes the usage of directed targeted therapy against them. Promising therapeutic targets are the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which expression is frequently elevated in TNBC. Inhibitors of these receptors used as monotherapy are often ineffective. Due to that, we studied the efficacy of combined therapy targeting MET and EGFR simultaneously. Two TNBC cell lines were treated with lapatinib (a dual EGFR and HER2 inhibitor), foretinib (a MET inhibitor), or a combination of the two. After the inhibitors treatment, we verified the cell viability (XTT assay), distribution of the cell cycle phases, the activation of signaling pathways (Western blotting), distribution of invadopodia, fluorescent gelatin digestion (immunofluorescence), and the invasion capacity of cells. A combination of foretinib and lapatinib effectively reduced the viability of examined cells, led to G2/M arrest and reduction of pAKT. There was also a decreasein number of invadopodia formed by cells, their ability to digest gelatin and reduction of cells migration/invasion capacity. Therapy targeting of both EGFR and MET receptors was much more effective against tested cells than monotherapy. We selected a combination of drugs that could be successfully used against this breast cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Simiczyjew
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Dratkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marleen Van Troys
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ilona Styczeń
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the tyrosine kinase superfamily receptor. Gliomas are tumors originating from glial cells, which show a range of aggressiveness depending on grade and stage. Many EGFR gene alterations have been identified in gliomas, especially glioblastomas, including amplifications, deletions and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Glioblastomas are discussed as a separate entity due to their high correlation with EGFR mutants and the reported association of the latter with survival and response to treatment in this glioma subgroup. This review is a comprehensive report of EGFR gene alterations and their relations with several clinical factors in glioblastomas and other gliomas. It covers all EGFR gene alterations including point mutations, SNPs, methylations, copy number variations and amplifications, assessed with regard to different clinical variables, including response to therapy and survival. This review also discusses the current prognostic status of EGFR in glioblastomas and other gliomas, and highlights gaps in previous studies. This serves as an update for the medical community about the role of EGFR gene alterations in gliomas and specifically glioblastomas, as a means for targeted treatment and prognosis.
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56
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Su CM, Chang TY, Hsu HP, Lai HH, Li JN, Lyu YJ, Kuo KT, Huang MT, Su JL, Chen PS. A novel application of E1A in combination therapy with EGFR-TKI treatment in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63924-63936. [PMID: 27590506 PMCID: PMC5325414 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is commonly overexpressed in breast cancer and is associated with poor clinical outcomes; however, an increasing number of patients have shown a poor effective response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). Here, we found that AXL expression was positively correlated with poor progression in breast cancer patients. Suppression of AXL by an anti-tumor protein, E1A, enhanced EGFR-TKI (gefitinib, erlotinib and lapatinib) sensitization, resulting in significant inhibition of tumor growth in breast cancer cells. Additionally, AXL overexpression dramatically impaired E1A-mediated EGFR-TKI sensitization. These findings show that downregulation of AXL expression by E1A contributes to sensitization to EGFR-TKI in breast cancer, suggesting that combinatorial therapy of AXL inhibitors or E1A gene therapy with EGFR-TKI may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Su
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli Country, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Huang Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jie-Ning Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Jhen Lyu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuang-Tai Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Te Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Liang Su
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli Country, Taiwan, ROC.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pai-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Qiu W, Zhang J, Li Y, Kong E, Lu A, Xu J, Lu X. MicroRNA-1231 exerts a tumor suppressor role through regulating the EGFR/PI3K/AKT axis in glioma. J Neurooncol 2018; 139:547-562. [PMID: 29774498 PMCID: PMC6132976 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be involved in the initiation and progression of glioma. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. METHODS We performed microarray analysis to evaluate miRNA expression levels in 158 glioma tissue samples, and examined miR-1231 levels in glioma samples and healthy brain tissues using qRT-PCR. In vitro analyses were performed using miR-1231 mimics, inhibitors, and siRNA targeting EGFR. We used flow cytometry, CCK-8 assays, and colony formation assays to examine glioma proliferation and cell cycle analysis. A dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to examine miR-1231 regulation of EGFR, and the effect of upregulated miR-1231 was investigated in a subcutaneous GBM model. RESULTS We found that miR-1231 expression was decreased in human glioma tissues and negatively correlated with EGFR levels. Moreover, the downregulation of miR-1231 negatively correlated with the clinical stage of human glioma patients. miR-1231 overexpression dramatically downregulated glioma cell proliferation, and suppressed tumor growth in a nude mouse model. Bioinformatics prediction and a luciferase assay confirmed EGFR as a direct target of miR-1231. EGFR overexpression abrogated the suppressive effect of miR-1231 on the PI3K/AKT pathway and G1 arrest. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results demonstrated that EGFR is a direct target of miR-1231. Our findings suggest that the miR-1231/EGFR axis may be a helpful future diagnostic target for malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjin Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 28 Guiyi Street Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Enjun Kong
- Department of Emergency, Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, 2 Xinmin West Road, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Chen S, Qiu Y, Guo P, Pu T, Feng Y, Bu H. FGFR1 and HER1 or HER2 co-amplification in breast cancer indicate poor prognosis. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8206-8214. [PMID: 29805554 PMCID: PMC5950032 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 or 2 (HER1/2), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling serve critical roles in the progression of breast cancer; however, cross-talk between HER1/2 and FGFR1 signaling has not been extensively studied. In the present study, the copy number variation status of FGFR1 and HER1/2, and the clinical implications and prognostic relevance of this, were evaluated in invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC) tissue samples. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to assess gene copy number variation in IDC samples, and the clinical characteristics and survival curves of patients with IDC were analyzed. The amplification of FGFR1 was identified in 16.0% of the samples (12 of 75), of HER1 in 26.7% (20 of 75), of HER2 in 37.3% (28 of 75), and of FGFR1 and HER1/2 simultaneously in 8.0% (6 of 75). FGFR1 and HER1/2 co-amplification were significantly correlated with distant metastasis (P=0.035), recurrence (P=0.026) and decreased disease-free survival time (P=0.042). This was the case for patients undergoing endocrine therapy (P=0.002) and chemotherapy (P=0.044). Taken together, the results indicate that patients with FGFR1 and HER1/2 co-amplification may exhibit a less favorable prognosis compared with patients with either FGFR1, HER1/2 amplification or without amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinan Chen
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Peng Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Tianjie Pu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ye Feng
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Bu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Ma F, Zhu W, Guan Y, Yang L, Xia X, Chen S, Li Q, Guan X, Yi Z, Qian H, Yi X, Xu B. ctDNA dynamics: a novel indicator to track resistance in metastatic breast cancer treated with anti-HER2 therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66020-66031. [PMID: 27602761 PMCID: PMC5323211 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies utilizing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to monitor disease interrogated only one or a few genes and failed to develop workable criteria to inform clinical practice. We evaluated the feasibility of detecting resistance to anti-HER2 therapy by serial gene-panel ctDNA sequencing. RESULTS Primary therapeutic resistance was identified in 6 out of 14 patients with events of progressive disease. For this subset comparison of pre- and post-treatment ctDNA assay results revealed that HER2 amplification concurred with disease progression (4/6, 66.7%). Mutations in TP53 (3/6, 50.0%) and genes implicated in the PI3K/mTOR pathway (3/6, 50.0%) were also dominant markers of resistance. Together, resistance to HER2 blockade should be indicated during treatment if any of the following situations applies: 1) recurrence or persistence of HER2 amplification in the blood; 2) emergence or ≥20% increase in the fraction of mutations in any of these resistance-related genes including TP53/PIK3CA/MTOR/PTEN. Compared with CT scans, dynamic ctDNA profiling utilizing pre-defined criteria was sensitive in identifying drug resistance (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 55.0%), with a concordance rate up to 82.1%. Besides, the ctDNA criteria had a discriminating role in the prognosis of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. METHODS 52 plasma samples were prospectively collected from 18 patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who were treated with an oral anti-HER1/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01937689). ctDNA was assayed by gene-panel target-capture next-generation sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal gene-panel ctDNA sequencing could be exploited to determine resistance and guide the precise administration of anti-HER2 targeted therapy in the metastatic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Xuefeng Xia
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuwen Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zongbi Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Geneplus-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Fisher SA, Tam RY, Fokina A, Mahmoodi MM, Distefano MD, Shoichet MS. Photo-immobilized EGF chemical gradients differentially impact breast cancer cell invasion and drug response in defined 3D hydrogels. Biomaterials 2018; 178:751-766. [PMID: 29452913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer cell invasion is influenced by growth factor concentration gradients in the tumor microenvironment. However, studying the influence of growth factor gradients on breast cancer cell invasion is challenging due to both the complexities of in vivo models and the difficulties in recapitulating the tumor microenvironment with defined gradients using in vitro models. A defined hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel crosslinked with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) cleavable peptides and modified with multiphoton labile nitrodibenzofuran (NDBF) was synthesized to photochemically immobilize epidermal growth factor (EGF) gradients. We demonstrate that EGF gradients can differentially influence breast cancer cell invasion and drug response in cell lines with different EGF receptor (EGFR) expression levels. Photopatterned EGF gradients increase the invasion of moderate EGFR expressing MDA-MB-231 cells, reduce invasion of high EGFR expressing MDA-MB-468 cells, and have no effect on invasion of low EGFR-expressing MCF-7 cells. We evaluate MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell response to the clinically tested EGFR inhibitor, cetuximab. Interestingly, the cellular response to cetuximab is completely different on the EGF gradient hydrogels: cetuximab decreases MDA-MB-231 cell invasion but increases MDA-MB-468 cell invasion and cell number, thus demonstrating the importance of including cell-microenvironment interactions when evaluating drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Fisher
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Roger Y Tam
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ana Fokina
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - M Mohsen Mahmoodi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, 55455, USA
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada.
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Zhu J, Xin Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu Y. Nimotuzumab enhances the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-α by inhibiting the nuclear factor-кB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3345-3351. [PMID: 29545853 PMCID: PMC5841043 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for ~85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Current guidelines recommend the use of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors for patients with NSCLC. The EGF/EGFR signaling pathway has been demonstrated to activate nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which may inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced cell apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether inhibiting the EGF/EGFR signaling pathway sensitizes NSCLC cell lines to TNF-α-induced apoptosis. The resistance of NSCLC cell lines to TNF-α was evaluated by cell viability assay. The effect of nimotuzumab (Ni) on NSCLC cell sensitivity to TNF-α, as well as the role of NF-κB in mediating resistance to TNF-α-induced apoptosis, was explored by western blot analysis, cell viability assay, apoptosis assay and an NF-κB DNA binding assay. It was demonstrated that EGFR protein expression was markedly higher in the H292 and H1975 cell lines compared with H460 and H1299 cell lines. H292 and H1975 also exhibited significantly increased TNF-α resistance compared with H460 and H1299 cells. Low dose Ni treatment slightly reduced the viability of H292 and H1975 cells; however, combined treatment with low dose Ni and TNF-α significantly inhibited H292 and H1299 cell viability compared with H460 and H1299 cells by inducing cell apoptosis. NF-κB protein expression and activity were also inhibited by the combination treatment. TNF-α treatment alone induced apoptosis in NF-κB deficient H292 and H1975 cells, similar to the effect of combination treatment in wild type H292 and H1975 cells. The results of the present study suggest that Ni sensitizes NSCLC cell lines to TNF-α-induced cell death by inhibiting NF-κB protein expression and activation, indicating a novel mechanism by which Ni suppresses the development of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- Department of Blood Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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62
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Levva S, Kotoula V, Kostopoulos I, Manousou K, Papadimitriou C, Papadopoulou K, Lakis S, Koukoulias K, Karavasilis V, Pentheroudakis G, Balassi E, Zagouri F, Kaklamanos IG, Pectasides D, Razis E, Aravantinos G, Papakostas P, Bafaloukos D, Rallis G, Gogas H, Fountzilas G. Prognostic Evaluation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Genotype and Phenotype Parameters in Triple-negative Breast Cancers. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 14:181-195. [PMID: 28446533 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) aberrations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) but their impact on prognosis and, therefore, druggability, remain controversial. Herein, we studied EGFR aberrations at different molecular levels and assessed their prognostic impact in patients with operable TNBC treated with adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the prognostic impact of EGFR gene status by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), EGFR coding mutations by Sanger and next-generation sequencing, relative EGFR messenger RNA (mRNA) levels by qPCR (upper quartile) and EGFR and p53 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), in 352 centrally-assessed tumors from an equal number of TNBC patients. RESULTS Approximately 53.5% of the tumors expressed EGFR, 59.3% p53 and 35.9% both EGFR and p53 proteins; 4.1% showed EGFR gene amplification and 4.4% carried EGFR mutations. The latter were located outside the druggable kinase domain region and presented at low frequencies. Amplification and mutations overlapped only in one case of glycogen-rich carcinoma. EGFR and CEN7 copies were higher in tumors from older patients (p=0.002 and p=0.003, respectively). Patients with amplified tumors (n=11) had excellent prognosis (0 relapses and deaths). Upon multivariate analysis, high EGFR copies conferred significantly favorable disease-free survival (HR=0.57, 95% CI 0.36-0.90, Wald's p=0.017) and high CEN7 copies favorable overall survival (HR=0.49, 95% CI=0.29-0.83, Wald's p=0.008). Patients with EGFR-/p53+ and EGFR+/p53- tumors had significantly higher risk for relapse than those with EGFR-/p53- and EGFR+/p53+ tumors (HR=1.73, 95% CI=1.12-2.67, Wald's p=0.013). CONCLUSION EGFR gene amplification and mutations are rare in TNBC, the latter of no apparent clinical relevance. Surrogate markers of EGFR-related chromosomal aberrations and combined EGFR/p53 IHC phenotypes appear to be associated with favorable prognosis in patients with operable TNBC receiving conventional adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Levva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Kotoula
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kostopoulos
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Manousou
- Section of Biostatistics, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Data Office, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Papadimitriou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sotiris Lakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Koukoulias
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilios Karavasilis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Eufemia Balassi
- Department of Pathology, Hatzikosta Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Kaklamanos
- Department of Surgery, Agii Anargiri Hospital, University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Oncology Section, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Razis
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Aravantinos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Grigorios Rallis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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63
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Liu X, Feng C, Liu J, Liu J, Li C, Xu C, Niu Y. The importance of EGFR as a biomarker in molecular apocrine breast cancer. Hum Pathol 2018; 77:1-10. [PMID: 29409930 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular apocrine breast cancer (MABC) is a molecular subtype with a poor prognosis, and there is urgent need to find new therapeutic targets. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important part in regulating the biological behavior of tumor cells, and EGFR-targeted drugs have already been used in therapy for lung and colorectal cancers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the significance of EGFR expression in MABC. A total of 400 patients with invasive breast cancer were analyzed, including 200 MABC and 200 non-MABC cases. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were carried out to evaluate the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor (AR), EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and other biomarkers. Two hundred twelve (53%) cases were positive for EGFR expression, including 173 MABC and 39 non-MABC cases. EGFR expression was positively associated with AR expression in MABC, as well as with more advanced tumor stage and high Ki67 expression. Patients with EGFR expression had worse outcomes than those without. As a prognosis biomarker, EGFR was significantly associated with poorer clinical outcomes, and the co-expression of EGFR and HER2 often predicted worse outcomes in MABC. This study suggests that the identification of new targets such as HER2 and EGFR may help with assessing the prognosis of patients with MABC. Using both AR and EGFR as therapeutic targets may be especially important in MABC and may help to guide the choice of suitable treatments for individual breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Changyun Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Linyi, Luozhuang District, Linyi 276016, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Congying Li
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yun Niu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China.
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64
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Sobral-Leite M, Lips EH, Vieira-Monteiro HDA, Giacomin LC, Freitas-Alves DR, Cornelissen S, Mulder L, Wesseling J, Schmidt MK, Vianna-Jorge R. Evaluation of the EGFR polymorphism R497K in two cohorts of neoadjuvantly treated breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189750. [PMID: 29267323 PMCID: PMC5739423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) presents great variability, and new prognostic biomarkers are needed. Our aim was to evaluate the association of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) polymorphism R497K (rs2227983) with prognostic features and clinical outcomes of breast cancer, including the pathological response to NAC and the recurrence-free survival (RFS). Tumoral complete response (tCR) was defined by no remaining invasive cancer in the excised breast, whereas pathological complete response (pCR) was defined by no remaining invasive cancer both in the excised breast and lymph nodes. Two independent cohorts were analyzed: one from Brazil (INCA, n = 288) and one from The Netherlands (NKI-AVL, n = 255). In the INCA cohort, the variant (Lys-containing) genotypes were significantly associated with lower proportion of tCR (ORadj = 0.92; 95%CI = 0.85-0.99), whereas in the NKI-AVL cohort they were associated with tumor grade 3 (p = 0.035) and with triple-negative subtype (p = 0.032), but not with clinical outcomes. Such distinct prognostic associations may have arisen due to different neoadjuvant protocols (p < 0.001), or to lower age at diagnosis (p < 0.001) and higher proportion of tumor grade 3 (p = 0.018) at the NKI-AVL cohort. Moreover, NKI-AVL patients achieved better proportion of pCR (21.2% vs 8.3%, p < 0.001) and better RFS (HRadj = 0.48; 95% adjCI = 0.26-0.86) than patients from INCA. In conclusion, large scale studies comprehending different populations are needed to evaluate the impact of genome variants on breast cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Sobral-Leite
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Esther H. Lips
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hayra de Andrade Vieira-Monteiro
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Daniely Regina Freitas-Alves
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart Mulder
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosane Vianna-Jorge
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Farmacologia e Inflamação–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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65
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Banys-Paluchowski M, Witzel I, Riethdorf S, Rack B, Janni W, Fasching PA, Solomayer EF, Aktas B, Kasimir-Bauer S, Pantel K, Fehm T, Müller V. Evaluation of serum epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in correlation to circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17307. [PMID: 29229933 PMCID: PMC5725555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor in breast cancer is associated with estrogen receptor negativity, higher histological grade and larger tumors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of serum EGFR (sEGFR) in relation to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic breast cancer. 252 patients were enrolled in this prospective multicentre study. Blood was drawn before start of a new line of therapy. sEGFR was determined using a sandwich-type ELISA. CTCs were detected using CellSearch. sEGFR was determined in 48 healthy controls and 252 patients, with no significant differences between the two groups. Clinical-pathological parameters did not correlate with sEGFR, irrespective of the cutoff chosen. Patients with sEGFR levels above the 50th and 75th percentile were more likely to present with <5 CTCs per 7.5 ml blood (p = 0.007; p = 0.003). Patients with sEGFR ≥73 ng/ml had significantly longer overall survival than those with sEGFR <73 ng/ml (19.7 vs. 15.2 months; p = 0.007). In the multivariate analysis, presence of ≥5 CTCs, higher grading and higher line of therapy remained independent predictors of shorter OS, while only higher line of therapy and presence of ≥5 CTCs were independent predictors of shorter PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabell Witzel
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erich-Franz Solomayer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Bahriye Aktas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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66
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Moatamed NA, DeNicola M, Nham P, Phan RT. Rare occurrence of EGFR exon 19 deletion in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. Breast J 2017; 24:429-431. [PMID: 29139619 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda A Moatamed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew DeNicola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Phillipp Nham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan T Phan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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67
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Zanoaga O, Jurj A, Raduly L, Cojocneanu-Petric R, Fuentes-Mattei E, Wu O, Braicu C, Gherman CD, Berindan-Neagoe I. Implications of dietary ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1167-1176. [PMID: 29434704 PMCID: PMC5776638 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents one of the most common forms of cancer in women worldwide, with an increase in the number of newly diagnosed patients in the last decade. The role of fatty acids, particularly of a diet rich in ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in breast cancer development is not fully understood and remains controversial due to their complex mechanism of action. However, a large number of animal models and cell culture studies have demonstrated that high levels of ω-3 PUFAs have an inhibitory role in the development and progression of breast cancer, compared to ω-6 PUFAs. The present review focused on recent studies regarding the correlation between dietary PUFAs and breast cancer development, and aimed to emphasize the main molecular mechanisms involved in the modification of cell membrane structure and function, modulation of signal transduction pathways, gene expression regulation, and antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects. Furthermore, the anticancer role of ω-3 PUFAs through the modulation of microRNA expression levels was also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Zanoaga
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Physiopathology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu-Petric
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Enrique Fuentes-Mattei
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Oscar Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Texas Tech University Honors College, McClellan Hall, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Diana Gherman
- Surgical Clinic II Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Surgery, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu-Hatieganu, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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68
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Reinhardt F, Franken A, Fehm T, Neubauer H. Navigation through inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of endocrine resistance mechanisms in breast cancer: A potential role for Liquid Biopsies? Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317731511. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317731511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of breast cancers are hormone receptor positive due to the expression of the estrogen and/or progesterone receptors. Endocrine therapy is a major treatment option for all disease stages of hormone receptor–positive breast cancer and improves overall survival. However, endocrine therapy is limited by de novo and acquired resistance. Several factors have been proposed for endocrine therapy failures, which include molecular alterations in the estrogen receptor pathway, altered expression of cell-cycle regulators, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as a consequence of tumor progression and selection pressure. It is essential to reveal and monitor intra- and intertumoral alterations in breast cancer to allow optimal therapy outcome. Endocrine therapy navigation by molecular profiling of tissue biopsies is the current gold standard but limited in many reasons. “Liquid biopsies” such as circulating-tumor cells and circulating-tumor DNA offer hope to fill that gap in allowing non-invasive serial assessment of biomarkers predicting success of endocrine therapy regimen. In this context, this review will provide an overview on inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of endocrine resistance mechanisms and discuss the potential role of “liquid biopsies” as navigators to personalize treatment methods and prevent endocrine treatment resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reinhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - André Franken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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69
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Costa RLB, Costa-Filho RB, Rosa M, Czerniecki BJ. Occult Breast Carcinoma Presenting as Scalp Metastasis. Case Rep Oncol 2017; 10:992-997. [PMID: 29279704 PMCID: PMC5731106 DOI: 10.1159/000484346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common tumor among women, and approximately 6% of the patients have de novo metastatic breast cancer. Occult breast cancer accounts for only 0.1–0.8% of the cases and most commonly presents with axillary lymphadenopathy. Scalp metastases are rare and have been described as a sign of progression or widespread metastatic disease. Here, we describe a rare case of de novo metastatic breast cancer to the scalp as the single site of spread and without an identifiable primary breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo L B Costa
- Department of Breast Cancer, Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rubens B Costa-Filho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marilin Rosa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Brian J Czerniecki
- Department of Breast Cancer, Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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70
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Abstract
Breast cancer affects approximately 1 in 8 women, and it is estimated that over 246,660 women in the USA will be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2016. Breast cancer mortality has decline over the last two decades due to early detection and improved treatment. Over the last few years, there is mounting evidence to demonstrate the prominent role of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in tumor initiation and progression, and targeted therapies against the RTKs have been developed, evaluated in clinical trials, and approved for many cancer types, including breast cancer. However, not all breast cancers are the same as evidenced by the multiple subtypes of the disease, with some more aggressive than others, showing differential treatment response to different types of drugs. Moreover, in addition to canonical signaling from the cell surface, many RTKs can be trafficked to various subcellular compartments, e.g., the multivesicular body and nucleus, where they carry out critical cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, DNA replication and repair, and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we provide a brief summary on the role of a selected number of RTKs in breast cancer and describe some mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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71
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Unraveling a tumor type-specific regulatory core underlying E2F1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition to predict receptor protein signatures. Nat Commun 2017; 8:198. [PMID: 28775339 PMCID: PMC5543083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of subverted regulatory pathways. In this paper, we reconstruct the regulatory network around E2F, a family of transcription factors whose deregulation has been associated to cancer progression, chemoresistance, invasiveness, and metastasis. We integrate gene expression profiles of cancer cell lines from two E2F1-driven highly aggressive bladder and breast tumors, and use network analysis methods to identify the tumor type-specific core of the network. By combining logic-based network modeling, in vitro experimentation, and gene expression profiles from patient cohorts displaying tumor aggressiveness, we identify and experimentally validate distinctive, tumor type-specific signatures of receptor proteins associated to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder and breast cancer. Our integrative network-based methodology, exemplified in the case of E2F1-induced aggressive tumors, has the potential to support the design of cohort- as well as tumor type-specific treatments and ultimately, to fight metastasis and therapy resistance.Deregulation of E2F family transcription factors is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Here, the authors construct a map of the regulatory network around the E2F family, and using gene expression profiles, identify tumour type-specific regulatory cores and receptor expression signatures associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder and breast cancer.
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72
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Xiao L, Tian X, Harihar S, Li Q, Li L, Welch DR, Zhou A. Gd 2O 3-doped silica @ Au nanoparticles for in vitro imaging cancer biomarkers using surface-enhanced Raman scattering. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 181:218-225. [PMID: 28365452 PMCID: PMC5427483 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been an interest in developing multimodal approaches to combine the advantages of individual imaging modalities, as well as to compensate for respective weaknesses. We previously reported a composite nano-system composed of gadolinium-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticle and gold nanoparticle (Gd-Au NPs) as an efficient MRI contrast agent for in vivo cancer imaging. However, MRI lacks sensitivity and is unsuitable for in vitro cancer detection. Thus, here we performed a study to use the Gd-Au NPs for detection and imaging of a widely recognized human cancer biomarker, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), in individual human cancer cells with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The Gd-Au NPs were sequentially conjugated with a monoclonal antibody recognizing EGFR and a Raman reporter molecule, 4-meraptobenzoic acid (MBA), to generate a characteristic SERS signal at 1075cm-1. By spatially mapping the SERS intensity at 1075cm-1, cellular distribution of EGFR and its relocalization on the plasma membrane were measured in situ. In addition, the EGFR expression levels in three human cancer cell lines (S18, A431 and A549) were measured using this SERS probe, which were consistent with the comparable measurements using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Our SERS results show that functionalized Gd-Au NPs successfully targeted EGFR molecules in three human cancer cell lines and monitored changes in single cell EGFR distribution in situ, demonstrating its potential to study cell activity under physiological conditions. This SERS study, combined with our previous MRI study, suggests the Gd-Au nanocomposite is a promising candidate contrast agent for multimodal cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Xiao
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Xiumei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Sitaram Harihar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center and The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Qifei Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA; Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning 530003, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center and The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Anhong Zhou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA.
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73
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Activation of the EGF Receptor by Ligand Binding and Oncogenic Mutations: The "Rotation Model". Cells 2017; 6:cells6020013. [PMID: 28574446 PMCID: PMC5492017 DOI: 10.3390/cells6020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays vital roles in cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, motility, and differentiation. The dysregulated activation of the receptor is often implicated in human cancers. EGFR is synthesized as a single-pass transmembrane protein, which consists of an extracellular ligand-binding domain and an intracellular kinase domain separated by a single transmembrane domain. The receptor is activated by a variety of polypeptide ligands such as epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor α. It has long been thought that EGFR is activated by ligand-induced dimerization of the receptor monomer, which brings intracellular kinase domains into close proximity for trans-autophosphorylation. An increasing number of diverse studies, however, demonstrate that EGFR is present as a pre-formed, yet inactive, dimer prior to ligand binding. Furthermore, recent progress in structural studies has provided insight into conformational changes during the activation of a pre-formed EGFR dimer. Upon ligand binding to the extracellular domain of EGFR, its transmembrane domains rotate or twist parallel to the plane of the cell membrane, resulting in the reorientation of the intracellular kinase domain dimer from a symmetric inactive configuration to an asymmetric active form (the “rotation model”). This model is also able to explain how oncogenic mutations activate the receptor in the absence of the ligand, without assuming that the mutations induce receptor dimerization. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the ligand-induced activation of the preformed EGFR dimer, as well as how oncogenic mutations constitutively activate the receptor dimer, based on the rotation model.
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74
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Tevis KM, Cecchi RJ, Colson YL, Grinstaff MW. Mimicking the tumor microenvironment to regulate macrophage phenotype and assessing chemotherapeutic efficacy in embedded cancer cell/macrophage spheroid models. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:271-279. [PMID: 28011141 PMCID: PMC5316313 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are critical stromal components intimately involved with the progression, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. To address the need for an in vitro system that mimics the clinical observations of TAM localizations and subsequent functional performance, a cancer cell/macrophage spheroid model is described. The central component of the model is a triple negative breast cancer spheroid embedded in a three-dimensional collagen gel. Macrophages are incorporated in two different ways. The first is a heterospheroid, a spheroid containing both tumor cells and macrophages. The heterospheroid mimics the population of TAMs infiltrated into the tumor mass, thus being exposed to hypoxia and metabolic gradients. In the second model, macrophages are diffusely seeded in the collagen surrounding the spheroid, thus modeling TAMs in the cancer stroma. The inclusion of macrophages as a heterospheroid changes the metabolic profile, indicative of synergistic growth. In contrast, macrophages diffusely seeded in the collagen bear the same profile regardless of the presence of a tumor cell spheroid. The macrophages in the heterospheroid secrete EGF, a cytokine critical to tumor/macrophage co-migration, and an EGF inhibitor decreases the metabolic activity of the heterospheroid, which is not observed in the other systems. The increased secretion of IL-10 indicates that the heterospheroid macrophages follow an M2/TAM differentiation pathway. Lastly, the heterospheroid exhibits resistance to paclitaxel. In summary, the collagen embedded heterospheroid model promotes TAM-like characteristics, and will be of utility in cancer biology and drug discovery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Two in vitro collagen-embedded multicellular spheroid models are described that mimic the clinical observations of macrophage localization within a tumor. Incorporation of macrophages within a breast cancer spheroid emphasizes cell-cell interactions with subsequent differentiation toward a tumor-promoting TAM phenotype. In contrast, macrophages seeded around the tumor spheroid display decreased interaction with cancer cells and no indication of a TAM phenotype. Finally, the presence of macrophages in the heterospheroid increases resistance to paclitaxel. This study demonstrates that cell-cell interactions and 3D collagen matrix direct macrophage activity, and, thus, highlights the important role the local environment itself plays in macrophage behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie M Tevis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cummington Street, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Ryan J Cecchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cummington Street, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Yolonda L Colson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cummington Street, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Department of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
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75
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Goel RK, Lukong KE. Understanding the cellular roles of Fyn-related kinase (FRK): implications in cancer biology. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:179-99. [PMID: 27067725 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Fyn-related kinase (FRK) is a member of the BRK family kinases (BFKs) and is distantly related to the Src family kinases (SFKs). FRK was first discovered in 1993, and studies pursued thereafter attributed a potential tumour-suppressive function to the enzyme. In recent years, however, further functional characterization of the tyrosine kinase in diverse cancer types suggests that FRK may potentially play an oncogenic role as well. Specifically, while ectopic expression of FRK suppresses cell proliferation and migration in breast and brain cancers, knockdown or catalytic inhibition of FRK suppresses these cellular processes in pancreatic and liver cancer. Such functional paradox is therefore evidently exhibited in a tissue-specific context. This review sheds light on the recent developments emerged from investigations on FRK which include: (a) a review of the expression pattern of the protein in mammalian cells/tissues, (b) underlying genomic perturbations and (c) a mechanistic function of the enzyme across different cellular environments. Given its functional heterogeneity observed across different cancers, we also discuss the therapeutic significance of FRK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuveera Kumar Goel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Health Sciences Building, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kiven Erique Lukong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Health Sciences Building, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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76
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qFlow Cytometry-Based Receptoromic Screening: A High-Throughput Quantification Approach Informing Biomarker Selection and Nanosensor Development. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1570:117-138. [PMID: 28238133 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6840-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanosensor-based detection of biomarkers can improve medical diagnosis; however, a critical factor in nanosensor development is deciding which biomarker to target, as most diseases present several biomarkers. Biomarker-targeting decisions can be informed via an understanding of biomarker expression. Currently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the accepted standard for profiling biomarker expression. While IHC provides a relative mapping of biomarker expression, it does not provide cell-by-cell readouts of biomarker expression or absolute biomarker quantification. Flow cytometry overcomes both these IHC challenges by offering biomarker expression on a cell-by-cell basis, and when combined with calibration standards, providing quantitation of biomarker concentrations: this is known as qFlow cytometry. Here, we outline the key components for applying qFlow cytometry to detect biomarkers within the angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family. The key aspects of the qFlow cytometry methodology include: antibody specificity testing, immunofluorescent cell labeling, saturation analysis, fluorescent microsphere calibration, and quantitative analysis of both ensemble and cell-by-cell data. Together, these methods enable high-throughput quantification of biomarker expression.
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77
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Abstract
The ErbB receptor family, also known as the EGF receptor family or type I receptor family, includes the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) or ErbB1/Her1, ErbB2/Her2, ErbB3/Her3, and ErbB4/Her4. Among all RTKs, EGFR was the first RTK identified and the first one linked to cancer. Thus, EGFR has also been the most intensively studied among all RTKs. ErbB receptors are activated after homodimerization or heterodimerization. The ErbB family is unique among the various groups of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in that ErbB3 has impaired kinase activity, while ErbB2 does not have a direct ligand. Therefore, heterodimerization is an important mechanism that allows the activation of all ErbB receptors in response to ligand stimulation. The activated ErbB receptors bind to many signaling proteins and stimulate the activation of many signaling pathways. The specificity and potency of intracellular signaling pathways are determined by positive and negative regulators, the specific composition of activating ligand(s), receptor dimer components, and the diverse range of proteins that associate with the tyrosine phosphorylated C-terminal domain of the ErbB receptors. ErbB receptors are overexpressed or mutated in many cancers, especially in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. The overexpression and overactivation of ErbB receptors are correlated with poor prognosis, drug resistance, cancer metastasis, and lower survival rate. ErbB receptors, especially EGFR and ErbB2 have been the primary choices as targets for developing cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Wang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 835 MSB, 114 St NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2H7.
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78
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Lucarelli S, Delos Santos RC, Antonescu CN. Measurement of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Derived Signals Within Plasma Membrane Clathrin Structures. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1652:191-225. [PMID: 28791645 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7219-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation, survival, migration, and metabolism. EGF binding to EGFR triggers the activation of the receptor's intrinsic kinase activity, in turn eliciting the recruitment of many secondary signaling proteins and activation of downstream signals, such as the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, a process requiring the phosphorylation of Gab1. While the identity of many signals that can be activated by EGFR has been revealed, how the spatiotemporal organization of EGFR signaling within cells controls receptor outcome remains poorly understood. Upon EGF binding at the plasma membrane, EGFR is internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis following recruitment to clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Further, plasma membrane CCPs, but not EGFR internalization, are required for EGF-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Signaling intermediates such as phosphorylated Gab1, which lead to Akt phosphorylation, are enriched within CCPs upon EGF stimulation. These findings indicate that some plasma membrane CCPs also serve as signaling microdomains required for certain facets of EGFR signaling and are enriched in key EGFR signaling intermediates. Understanding how the spatiotemporal organization of EGFR signals within CCP microdomains controls receptor signaling outcome requires imaging methods that can systematically resolve and analyze the properties of CCPs, EGFR and key signaling intermediates. Here, we describe methods using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy imaging and analysis to systematically study the enrichment of EGFR and key EGFR-derived signals within CCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Lucarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 2K3.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Ralph Christian Delos Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 2K3.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 2K3. .,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 2K3. .,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 1W8.
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79
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Visualizing epithelial expression of EGFR in vivo with distal scanning side-viewing confocal endomicroscope. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37315. [PMID: 27874037 PMCID: PMC5118792 DOI: 10.1038/srep37315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Confocal endomicroscopy is an emerging imaging technology that has recently been introduced into the clinic to instantaneously collect "optical biopsies" in vivo with histology-like quality. Here, we demonstrate a fast scanner located in the distal end of a side-viewing instrument using a compact lens assembly with numerical aperture of 0.5 to achieve a working distance of 100 μm and field-of-view of 300 × 400 μm2. The microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror was designed based on the principle of parametric resonance and images at 5 frames per second. The instrument has a 4.2 mm outer diameter and 3 cm rigid length, and can pass through the biopsy channel of a medical endoscope. We achieved real time optical sections of NIR fluorescence with 0.87 μm lateral resolution, and were able to visualize in vivo binding of a Cy5.5-labeled peptide specific for EGFR to the cell surface of pre-cancerous colonocytes within the epithelium of dysplastic crypts in mouse colon. By performing targeted imaging with endomicroscopy, we can visualize molecular expression patterns in vivo that provide a biological basis for disease detection.
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80
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Yang L, Ma T, Zhang J. GPRC5A exerts its tumor-suppressive effects in breast cancer cells by inhibiting EGFR and its downstream pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2983-2990. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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81
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Damasceno KA, Ferreira E, Estrela-Lima A, Gamba CDO, Miranda FF, Alves MR, Rocha RM, de Barros ALB, Cassali GD. HER-2 and EGFR mRNA Expression and Its Relationship with Versican in Malignant Matrix-Producing Tumors of the Canine Mammary Gland. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160419. [PMID: 27490467 PMCID: PMC4973898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Versican expression promotes tumor growth by destabilizing focal cell contacts, thus impeding cell adhesion and facilitating cell migration. It not only presents or recruits molecules to the cell surface, but also modulates gene expression levels and coordinates complex signal pathways. Previously, we suggested that the interaction between versican and human epidermal growth factor receptors may be directly associated with tumor aggressiveness. Thus, the expression of EGFR and HER-2 in these neoplasms may contribute to a better understanding of the progression mechanisms in malignant mammary tumors. The purpose of this study was to correlate the gene and protein expressions of EGFR and HER2 by RNA In Situ Hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively, and their relationship with the versican expression in carcinomas in mixed tumors and carcinosarcomas of the canine mammary gland. The results revealed that EGFR mRNA expression showed a significant difference between in situ and invasive carcinomatous areas in low and high versican expression groups. Identical results were observed in HER-2 mRNA expression. In immunohistochemistry analysis, neoplasms with low versican expression showed greater EGFR immunostaining in the in situ areas than in invasive areas, even as the group presenting high versican expression displayed greater EGFR and HER-2 staining in in situ areas. Significant EGFR and HER-2 mRNA and protein expressions in in situ carcinomatous sites relative to invasive areas suggest that these molecules play a role during the early stages of tumor progression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dog Diseases/genetics
- Dog Diseases/metabolism
- Dogs
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Araújo Damasceno
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Mina Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Mina Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Estrela-Lima
- Department of Pathology and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Conrado de Oliveira Gamba
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Mina Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Freitas Miranda
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Mina Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rezende Alves
- International Center of Research in Cancer (CIPE), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Malagoli Rocha
- International Center of Research in Cancer (CIPE), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Mina Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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82
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Immunohistochemical Localization of Wild-type EGFR, E746-A750 Frame Deletion in Exon 19, and L858R Point Mutation in Exon 21 in Triple-negative Breast Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 23:653-60. [PMID: 25789532 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated wild-type EGFR, E746-A750 frame deletion in exon 19, and L858R point mutation in exon 21 by immunohistochemistry in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS A retrospective study included 99 untreated early-stage and advanced-stage TNBC patients. Immunohistochemical localization of wild-type EGFR, EGFR E746-A750 deletion in exon 19, and EGFR L858R mutation in exon 21 was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks using mutation-specific primary antibodies. RESULTS EGFR protein expression was noted in 27% (27/99) of patients with 2+ or 3+ staining intensity in 7% (7/99) of patients. Significant correlation of EGFR protein expression with subgroups of clinicopathologic parameters was not found. In univariate and multivariate survival analysis, high EGFR expression (2+ or 3+) emerged as a significant prognostic factor for disease-free survival. With respect to mutation status, exon 19 deletion was observed in 3% (3/99) of patients. One patient with exon 19 deletion having high EGFR protein (2+) expression developed lung metastasis, whereas the other 2 patients with exon 19 deletion had low EGFR protein (1+) expression and remained disease free during the study period. CONCLUSIONS EGFR protein overexpression was observed in one fourth of TNBCs with very low incidence of EGFR-activating mutations in patients of western India.
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83
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Zhou Q, Li Z, Zhou J, Joshi BP, Li G, Duan X, Kuick R, Owens SR, Wang TD. In vivo photoacoustic tomography of EGFR overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma mouse xenograft. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2016; 4:43-54. [PMID: 27766208 PMCID: PMC5066077 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
EGFR is a promising cell surface target for in vivo imaging that is highly overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common cancer worldwide. Peptides penetrate easily into tumors for deep imaging, and clear rapidly from the circulation to minimize background. We aim to demonstrate use of an EGFR specific peptide to detect HCC xenograft tumors in mice with photoacoustic imaging. Nude mice implanted with human HCC cells that overexpress EGFR were injected intravenously with Cy5.5-labeled EGFR and scrambled control peptides respectively. Photoacoustic images collected from 0 to 24 h. Photoacoustic signal peaked in tumors at 3 h post-injection. Images from 0 to 1.8 cm beneath the skin revealed increased target-to-background (T/B) ratio from tumors. The T/B ratio was significantly greater for the EGFR versus control peptide. Clearance of signal was observed by ∼24 h. EGFR overexpression was validated with immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. A peptide specific for EGFR delivered systemically can detect HCC xenograft tumors in vivo with photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Bishnu P. Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Gaoming Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Xiyu Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Rork Kuick
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Scott R. Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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84
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Zhang L, Yuan Y, Lu KH, Zhang L. Identification of recurrent focal copy number variations and their putative targeted driver genes in ovarian cancer. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:222. [PMID: 27230211 PMCID: PMC4881176 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic regions with recurrent DNA copy number variations (CNVs) are generally believed to encode oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) that drive cancer growth. However, it remains a challenge to delineate the key cancer driver genes from the regions encoding a large number of genes. RESULTS In this study, we developed a new approach to CNV analysis based on spectral decomposition of CNV profiles into focal CNVs and broad CNVs. We performed an analysis of CNV data of 587 serous ovarian cancer samples on multiple platforms. We identified a number of novel focal regions, such as focal gain of ESR1, focal loss of LSAMP, prognostic site at 3q26.2 and losses of sub-telomere regions in multiple chromosomes. Furthermore, we performed network modularity analysis to examine the relationships among genes encoded in the focal CNV regions. Our results also showed that the recurrent focal gains were significantly associated with the known oncogenes and recurrent losses associated with TSGs and the CNVs had a greater effect on the mRNA expression of the driver genes than that of the non-driver genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that spectral decomposition of CNV profiles offers a new way of understanding the role of CNVs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1410, Houston, TX, 77401, USA
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, College of Bioinformatics Sciences and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1410, Houston, TX, 77401, USA
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1410, Houston, TX, 77401, USA.
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85
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Lynch JR, Wang JY. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling in Stem Cells and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050707. [PMID: 27187360 PMCID: PMC4881529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large superfamily of cell-surface signaling proteins that bind extracellular ligands and transduce signals into cells via heterotrimeric G proteins. GPCRs are highly tractable drug targets. Aberrant expression of GPCRs and G proteins has been observed in various cancers and their importance in cancer stem cells has begun to be appreciated. We have recently reported essential roles for G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) and G protein subunit Gαq in the maintenance of cancer stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia. This review will discuss how GPCRs and G proteins regulate stem cells with a focus on cancer stem cells, as well as their implications for the development of novel targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Lynch
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Jenny Yingzi Wang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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86
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Sweidan K, Sabbah DA, Bardaweel S, Dush KA, Sheikha GA, Mubarak MS. Computer-aided design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new indole-2-carboxamide derivatives as PI3Kα/EGFR inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2685-90. [PMID: 27084677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based drug design and molecular modeling were employed to identify a new series of indole-2-carboxamides as potential anticancer agents. These compounds were synthesized and characterized with the aid of several spectroscopic techniques, such as FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry as well as by elemental analysis. Molecular docking studies confirmed that the newly synthesized compounds accommodate PI3Kα and EGFR kinase catalytic sites and form H-bonding with the key binding residues. The antitumor activity of these new compounds against an array of cancer cell lines (human colon carcinoma (HCT116), leukemia (K562), and breast cancer (MDA231) was evaluated. Results revealed that these compounds were selective against the kinase domain, and none of them showed any inhibitory activity against K562. In addition, results showed that compound 13 exhibited high potency in HCT116 and MDA231 with IC50 values of 19 and 15μM, respectively. Our findings recommend that further optimization of this series would be beneficial for colon and breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Sweidan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Dima A Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, PO Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan.
| | - Sanaa Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Khadeja Abu Dush
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ghassan Abu Sheikha
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, PO Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
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87
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Xie Q, Guo X, Gu J, Zhang L, Jin H, Huang H, Li J, Huang C. p85α promotes nucleolin transcription and subsequently enhances EGFR mRNA stability and EGF-induced malignant cellular transformation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:16636-49. [PMID: 26918608 PMCID: PMC4941340 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
p85α is a regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) that is a key lipid enzyme for generating phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-trisphosphate, and subsequently activates signaling that ultimately regulates cell cycle progression, cell growth, cytoskeletal changes, and cell migration. In addition to form a complex with the p110 catalytic subunit, p85α also exists as a monomeric form due to that there is a greater abundance of p85α than p110 in many cell types. Our previous studies have demonstrated that monomeric p85α exerts a pro-apoptotic role in UV response through induction of TNF-α gene expression in PI3K-independent manner. In current studies, we identified a novel biological function of p85α as a positive regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and cell malignant transformation via nucleolin-dependent mechanism. Our results showed that p85α was crucial for EGFR and nucleolin expression and subsequently resulted in an increase of malignant cellular transformation by using both specific knockdown and deletion of p85α in its normal expressed cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that p85α upregulated EGFR protein expression mainly through stabilizing its mRNA, whereas nucleolin (NCL) was able to bind to egfr mRNA and increase its mRNA stability. Consistently, overexpression of NCL in p85α-/- cells restored EGFR mRNA stabilization, protein expression and cell malignant transformation. Moreover, we discovered that p85α upregulated NCL gene transcription via enhancing C-Jun activation. Collectively, our studies demonstrate a novel function of p85α as a positive regulator of EGFR mRNA stability and cell malignant transformation, providing a significant insight into the understanding of biomedical nature of p85α protein in mammalian cells and further supporting that p85α might be a potential target for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xirui Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jiayan Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
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88
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Ali S, Mondal N, Choudhry H, Rasool M, Pushparaj PN, Khan MA, Mahfooz M, Sami GA, Jarullah J, Ali A, Jamal MS. Current Management Strategies in Breast Cancer by Targeting Key Altered Molecular Players. Front Oncol 2016; 6:45. [PMID: 26973813 PMCID: PMC4771739 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second largest disease affecting women worldwide. It remains the most frequently reported and leading cause of death among women in both developed and developing countries. Tamoxifen and raloxifene are commonly used selective estrogen receptor modulators for treatment of breast cancer in women with high risk, although resistance occurs by tamoxifen after 5 years of therapy and both drugs cause uterine cancer and thromboembolic events. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are one of the optional modes used for breast cancer treatment. The combination of AIs along with tamoxifen can also be beneficial. Various therapeutic agents from different sources are being studied, which further need to be improved for potential outcome. For this, clinical trials based on large number of patients with optimal dose and lesser side effects have to be more in practice. Despite the clinical trials going on, there is need of better molecular models, which can identify high risk population, new agents with better benefit having less side effects, and improved biomarkers for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Ali
- School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
| | - Neelima Mondal
- School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter N Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maryam Mahfooz
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi , India
| | - Ghufrana A Sami
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi , India
| | - Jummanah Jarullah
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Ali
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Jamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
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89
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Raub CB, Lee CC, Shibata D, Taylor C, Kartalov E. HistoMosaic Detecting KRAS G12V Mutation Across Colorectal Cancer Tissue Slices through in Situ PCR. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2792-8. [PMID: 26820161 PMCID: PMC7446286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on HistoMosaic, a novel technique for genetic analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue slices. It combines microfluidic compartmentalization, in situ allele-specific PCR, and fluorescence microscopy. The experimental proof of principle was achieved by in situ detection of KRAS G12V mutation in colorectal cancer tissues and is presented herein. HistoMosaic offers the ability to detect mutations over the entire tissue slide simultaneously, rapidly, economically, and without selection bias, while coregistering the genetic information with the preserved morphological information. Thus, HistoMosaic has wide applicability in basic science as a tool to map genetic heterogeneity. It is also a platform to build companion diagnostics for targeted therapies in oncology, to help ensure that the right drug is given to the right patient, thereby saving healthcare resources and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen-Chung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Darryl Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Clive Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Emil Kartalov
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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90
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Hatem R, Labiod D, Château-Joubert S, de Plater L, El Botty R, Vacher S, Bonin F, Servely JL, Dieras V, Bièche I, Marangoni E. Vandetanib as a potential new treatment for estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2510-21. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Hatem
- Genetics Department; Hospital, Institut Curie; Paris 75005 France
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Aleppo University; Aleppo Syria
| | - Dalila Labiod
- Translational Research Department; Institut Curie; Paris 75005 France
| | - Sophie Château-Joubert
- BioPôle Alfort; National Veterinary School of Alfort; 7, Av. Du Général De Gaulle, 94704 Maisons Alfort France
| | | | - Rania El Botty
- Translational Research Department; Institut Curie; Paris 75005 France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Genetics Department; Hospital, Institut Curie; Paris 75005 France
| | - Florian Bonin
- Genetics Department; Hospital, Institut Curie; Paris 75005 France
| | - Jean-Luc Servely
- BioPôle Alfort; National Veterinary School of Alfort; 7, Av. Du Général De Gaulle, 94704 Maisons Alfort France
- PHASE Department; INRA; Nouzilly France
| | | | - Ivan Bièche
- Genetics Department; Hospital, Institut Curie; Paris 75005 France
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91
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Raval SH, Singh RD, Joshi DV, Patel HB, Mody SK. Recent developments in receptor tyrosine kinases targeted anticancer therapy. Vet World 2016; 9:80-90. [PMID: 27051190 PMCID: PMC4819356 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.80-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel concepts and understanding of receptors lead to discoveries and optimization of many small molecules and antibodies as anti-cancerous drugs. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are such a promising class of receptors under the investigation in past three decades. RTKs are one of the essential mediators of cell signaling mechanism for various cellular processes. Transformations such as overexpression, dysregulation, or mutations of RTKs may result into malignancy, and thus are an important target for anticancer therapy. Numerous subfamilies of RTKs, such as epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptors, insulin-like growth factor receptor, and hepatocyte growth factor receptor, have been being investigated in recent years as target for anticancer therapy. The present review focuses several small molecules drugs as well as monoclonal antibodies targeting aforesaid subfamilies either approved or under investigation to treat the various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir H. Raval
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - Ratn D. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - Dilip V. Joshi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitesh B. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - Shailesh K. Mody
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha - 385 506, Gujarat, India
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92
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High EGFR protein expression and exon 9 PIK3CA mutations are independent prognostic factors in triple negative breast cancers. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:986. [PMID: 26680641 PMCID: PMC4683760 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a more aggressive subset of breast cancer. A better understanding of its biology could allow the rational development of targeted therapies. METHODS We extensively analyzed the EGFR/PI3K/PTEN axis in a large, homogeneous population of TNBC to help defining the putative role of anti-EGFR and -PI3K targeted therapies in this setting. EGFR gene amplification, EGFR protein expression, PIK3CA and PTEN gene alterations (two members of EGFR downstream pathways) and their clinicopathological and prognostic implications were analyzed in 204 TNBC samples from European patients. RESULTS EGFR amplification was detected in 18 of the 204 TNBC specimens (8.9 %) and was significantly associated with higher EGFR protein levels. Fourteen PIK3CA mutations were identified in exon 9 (6.7 %), and 17 in exon 20 (8.3 %). PIK3CA mutations, especially in exon 9, were significantly associated with grade I-II tumors. PTEN deletions were detected in 43 samples (21.50 %) and were significantly associated with grade III tumors (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed a significant association between relapse-free survival (RFS), T and N stage and exon 9 PIK3CA mutations. Overall survival was significantly associated with T stage, N stage and adjuvant chemotherapy, which was administered to 70.3 % of patients. In multivariate analyses, T stage, N stage, presence of exon 9 PIK3CA mutations and high EGFR protein level were independent poor prognostic factors for RFS, while adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a better outcome. CONCLUSIONS High EGFR protein expression and exon 9 PIK3CA activating mutations are independent prognostic factors in TNBC. The efficacy of anti-PI3K targeted therapies needs to be evaluated in this setting.
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93
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Yadav BS, Chanana P, Jhamb S. Biomarkers in triple negative breast cancer: A review. World J Clin Oncol 2015; 6:252-263. [PMID: 26677438 PMCID: PMC4675910 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v6.i6.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is an intrinsically heterogeneous disease. In the world about 1 million cases of breast cancer are diagnosed annually and more than 170000 are triple-negative. Characteristic feature of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is that it lacks expression of oestrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2/neu receptors. They comprise 15%-20% of all breast cancers. We did a systematic review of PubMed and conference databases to identify studies published on biomarkers in TNBC. We included studies with biomarkers including: Epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, c-Myc, C-kit and basal cytokeratins, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, p53, tyrosinase kinases, m-TOR, heat and shock proteins and TOP-2A in TNBC. We also looked for studies published on synthetic lethality and inhibition of angiogenesis, growth, and survival pathways. TNBC is a complex disease subtype with many subclasses. Majority TNBC have a basal-like molecular phenotype by gene expression profiling. Their clinical and pathologic features overlap with hereditary BRCA1 related breast cancers. Management of these tumours is a challenge to the clinician because of its aggressive behaviour, poor outcome, and absence of targeted therapies. As the complexity of this disease is being simplified over time new targets are also being discovered for the treatment of this disease. There are many biomarkers in TNBC being used in clinical practice. Biomarkers may be useful as prognostic or predictive indicators as well as suggest possible targets for novel therapies. Many targeted agents are being studied for treatment of TNBC.
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94
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N-cadherin promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-like traits via ErbB signaling in prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:595-606. [PMID: 26647992 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
N-cadherin has been reported to be upregulated and associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients, however the underlying mechanism still remains puzzling. In the present study, we found that upregulation of N-cadherin enhanced, while downregulation of N-cadherin impaired the invasion, migration, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Overexpression of N-cadherin increased the efficiency of colony and tumor spheroid formation and the stemness factor expression (including c-Myc, Klf4, Sox2 and Oct4), and vice versa. Furthermore, microarray analysis and western blot analysis mechanistically proved that N-cadherin activated ErbB signaling pathway by upregulating the expression of Grb2, pShc and pERK1/2. Importantly, the regulation of N-cadherin on EMT and stemness was counteracted by lapatinib, a specific ErbB signaling pathway inhibitor. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that N-cadherin regulates EMT and stemness of PCa cells via activating ErbB signaling pathway, which indicates the pivotal role of N-cadherin/ErbB axis in the metastasis of prostate cancer.
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95
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Porther N, Barbieri MA. The role of endocytic Rab GTPases in regulation of growth factor signaling and the migration and invasion of tumor cells. Small GTPases 2015; 6:135-44. [PMID: 26317377 PMCID: PMC4601184 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2015.1050152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is characterized pathologically by uncontrolled cell invasion, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. It is a multistep process that encompasses the modulation of membrane permeability and invasion, cell spreading, cell migration and proliferation of the extracellular matrix, increase in cell adhesion molecules and interaction, decrease in cell attachment and induced survival signals and propagation of nutrient supplies (blood vessels). In cancer, a solid tumor cannot expand and spread without a series of synchronized events. Changes in cell adhesion receptor molecules (e.g., integrins, cadherin-catenins) and protease expressions have been linked to tumor invasion and metastasis. It has also been determined that ligand-growth factor receptor interactions have been associated with cancer development and metastasis via the endocytic pathway. Specifically, growth factors, which include IGF-1 and IGF-2 therapy, have been associated with most if not all of the features of metastasis. In this review, we will revisit some of the key findings on perhaps one of the most important hallmarks of cancer metastasis: cell migration and cell invasion and the role of the endocytic pathway in mediating this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Porther
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University; Miami, FL USA
| | - MA Barbieri
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University; Miami, FL USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute; Florida International University; Miami, FL USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden; Coral Gables, FL USA
- International Center of Tropical Botany; Florida International University; Miami, FL USA
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96
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Crozier JA, Advani PP, LaPlant B, Hobday T, Jaslowski AJ, Moreno-Aspitia A, Perez EA. N0436 (Alliance): A Phase II Trial of Irinotecan With Cetuximab in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Exposed to Anthracycline and/or Taxane-Containing Therapy. Clin Breast Cancer 2015; 16:23-30. [PMID: 26381420 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irinotecan has a 20% to 25% response rate (RR) in patients with previously treated metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in some MBC, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody against EGFR with additive preclinical activity with irinotecan. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report a 1-stage phase II study on MBC, measurable disease, and previous anthracycline and/or taxane therapy. Patients received cetuximab 400 mg/m(2) on day 1 cycle 1 then 250 mg/m(2) weekly thereafter and irinotecan 80 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle. The primary end point was overall RR (ORR) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria (version 1.1). RESULTS Of 19 eligible patients enrolled from February to September 2006, 14 patients (74%) had visceral disease, seven patients (37%) were hormone receptor-positive, two patients (11%) HER2-positive, and 11 patients (58%) were triple-negative. Patients received a median of 2 cycles (range, 1-37). Confirmed ORR was 11% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1%-33%), with 1 partial response and 1 complete response. One patient had stable disease for 8 months. RR for TNBC versus non-TNBC was 18% versus 0% (P = .49). Median time to progression was 1.4 months (95% CI, 1.0-2.2) and median overall survival was 9.4 months (95% CI, 2.8-16.1). Twelve patients had disease progression within 2 cycles during therapy. Because of a low RR and rapid disease progression, the study leadership decided to close the trial early. CONCLUSION The tolerability of the combination of cetuximab and irinotecan is acceptable but demonstrated low overall activity. Potentially promising results were noted in patients with TNBC and further studies of these patients might be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooja P Advani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Betsy LaPlant
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Timothy Hobday
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Edith A Perez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
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Bemanian V, Sauer T, Touma J, Lindstedt BA, Chen Y, Ødegård HP, Vetvik KM, Bukholm IR, Geisler J. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR / HER-1) gatekeeper mutation T790M is present in European patients with early breast cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134398. [PMID: 26267891 PMCID: PMC4534377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the major oncogenes identified in a variety of human malignancies including breast cancer (BC). EGFR-mutations have been studied in lung cancer for some years and are established as important markers in guiding therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In contrast, EGFR-mutations have been reported to be rare if not absent in human BC, although recent evidence has suggested a significant worldwide variation in somatic EGFR-mutations. Therefore, we investigated the presence of EGFR-mutations in 131 norwegian patients diagnosed with early breast cancer using real-time PCR methods. In the present study we identified three patients with an EGFR-T790M-mutation. The PCR-findings were confirmed by direct Sanger sequencing. Two patients had triple-negative BC (TNBC) while the third was classified as luminal-A subtype. The difference in incidence of T790M mutations comparing the TNBC subgroup with the other BC subgroups was statistical significant (P = 0.023). No other EGFR mutations were identified in the entire cohort. Interestingly, none of the patients had received any previous cancer treatment. To our best knowledge, the EGFR-T790M-TKI-resistance mutation has not been previously detected in breast cancer patients. Our findings contrast with the observations made in lung cancer patients where the EGFR-T790M-mutation is classified as a typical „second mutation”causing resistance to TKI-therapy during ongoing anticancer therapy. In conclusion, we have demonstrated for the first time that the EGFR-T790M-mutation occurs in primary human breast cancer patients. In the present study the EGFR-T790M mutation was not accompanied by any simultaneous EGFR-activating mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Bemanian
- Department of Gene Technology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus at Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Torill Sauer
- University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus at Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Joel Touma
- Department of Breast- and Endocrine Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Bjørn Arne Lindstedt
- Department of Gene Technology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus at Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Katja Marjaana Vetvik
- Department of Breast- and Endocrine Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ida Rashida Bukholm
- University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus at Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Breast- and Endocrine Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jürgen Geisler
- University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus at Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- * E-mail:
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98
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Cahall CF, Lilly JL, Hirschowitz EA, Berron BJ. A Quantitative Perspective on Surface Marker Selection for the Isolation of Functional Tumor Cells. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2015; 9:1-11. [PMID: 26309407 PMCID: PMC4517843 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s25461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Much effort has gone into developing fluid biopsies of patient peripheral blood for the monitoring of metastatic cancers. One common approach is to isolate and analyze tumor cells in the peripheral blood. Widespread clinical implementation of this approach has been hindered by the current choice of targeting epithelial markers known to be highly variable in primary tumor sites. Here, we review current antigen-based tumor cell isolation strategies and offer biological context for commonly studied cancer surface markers. Expression levels of the most common markers are quantitated for three breast cancer and two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lineage models. These levels are contrasted with that present on healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for comparison to expected background levels in a fluid biopsy setting. A key feature of this work is establishing a metric of markers per square micrometer. This describes an average marker density on the cell membrane surface, which is a critical metric for emerging isolation strategies. These results serve to extend expression of key tumor markers in a sensitive and dynamic manner beyond traditional positive/negative immunohistochemical staining to guide future fluid biopsy targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin F Cahall
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jacob L Lilly
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Edward A Hirschowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Brad J Berron
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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99
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EGFR Overexpressed in Colonic Neoplasia Can be Detected on Wide-Field Endoscopic Imaging. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2015; 6:e101. [PMID: 26181290 PMCID: PMC4816258 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colorectal cancer initially lies dormant as dysplasia, a premalignant state that provides an opportunity for early cancer detection. Dysplasia can be flat in morphology, focal in size, and patchy in distribution, and thus it appears "invisible" on conventional wide-field endoscopy. AIMS We aim to develop and validate a peptide that is specific for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a cell surface target that is overexpressed in colonic adenomas and is readily accessible for imaging. METHODS We expressed and purified the extracellular domain of EGFR for use with phage display to identify a peptide QRHKPRE that binds to domain 2 of this target. A near-infrared fluorescence endoscope was used to perform in vivo imaging to validate specific peptide binding to spontaneous colonic adenomas in a mouse model with topical administration. We also validated specific peptide binding to human colonic adenomas on immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS After labeling with Cy5.5, we validated specific peptide binding to EGFR on knockdown and competition studies. Peptide binding to cells occurred within 2.46 min and had an affinity of 50 nm. No downstream signaling was observed. We measured a target-to-background ratio of 4.0±1.7 and 2.7±0.7, for polyps and flat lesions, respectively. On immunofluorescence of human colonic specimens, greater intensity from peptide binding to dysplasia than normal was found with a 19.4-fold difference. CONCLUSIONS We have selected and validated a peptide that can be used as a specific contrast agent to identify colonic adenomas that overexpress EGFR in vivo on fluorescence endoscopy.
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100
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Haines E, Schlienger S, Claing A. The small GTPase ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 mediates the sensitivity of triple negative breast cancer cells to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1535-47. [PMID: 26176330 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of EGFR-targeted therapy, in triple negative breast cancer patients, has been limited by the development of resistance to these drugs. Although activated signaling molecules contribute to this process, the molecular mechanisms remain relatively unknown. We have previously reported that the small GTPase ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 (ARF1) is highly expressed in invasive breast cancer cells and acts as a molecular switch to activate EGF-mediated responses. In this study, we aimed at defining whether the high expression of ARF1 limits sensitivity of these tumor cells to EGFR inhibitors, such as gefitinib. Here, we show that the knock down of ARF1 expression or activity decreased the dose and latency time required by tyrosine kinase inhibitors to induce cell death. This may be explained by the observation that the depletion of ARF1 suppressed gefitinib-mediated activation of key mediators of survival such as ERK1/2, AKT and Src, while enhancing cascades leading to apoptosis such as the p38MAPK and JNK pathways, modifying the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and cytochrome c release. In addition, inhibiting ARF1 expression and activation also results in an increase in gefitinib-mediated EGFR internalization and degradation further limiting the ability of this receptor to promote its effects. Interestingly, we observed that gefitinib treatment resulted in the enhanced activation of ARF1 by promoting its recruitment to the receptor AXL, an important mediator of EGFR inhibition suggesting that ARF1 may promote its pro-survival effects by coupling to alternative mitogenic receptors in conditions where the EGFR is inhibited. Together our results uncover a new role for ARF1 in mediating the sensitivity to EGFR inhibition and thus suggest that limiting the activation of this GTPase could improve the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Haines
- a Department of Pharmacology ; Faculty of Medicine ; Université de Montréal ; Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Sabrina Schlienger
- a Department of Pharmacology ; Faculty of Medicine ; Université de Montréal ; Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Audrey Claing
- a Department of Pharmacology ; Faculty of Medicine ; Université de Montréal ; Montreal , QC , Canada
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