51
|
Arun G, Diermeier SD, Spector DL. Therapeutic Targeting of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:257-277. [PMID: 29449148 PMCID: PMC5840027 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a significant population of the human transcriptome. Many lncRNAs exhibit cell- and/or tissue/tumor-specific expression, making them excellent candidates for therapeutic applications. In this review we discuss examples of lncRNAs that demonstrate the diversity of their function in various cancer types. We also discuss recent advances in nucleic acid drug development with a focus on oligonucleotide-based therapies as a novel approach to inhibit tumor progression. The increased success rates of nucleic acid therapeutics provide an outstanding opportunity to explore lncRNAs as viable therapeutic targets to combat various aspects of cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Arun
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; These authors contributed equally
| | - Sarah D Diermeier
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; These authors contributed equally
| | - David L Spector
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Fliervoet LAL, Engbersen JFJ, Schiffelers RM, Hennink WE, Vermonden T. Polymers and hydrogels for local nucleic acid delivery. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5651-5670. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01795f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review focusses on the rational design of materials (from polymers to hydrogel materials) to achieve successful local delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lies A. L. Fliervoet
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Utrecht University
- 3508 TB Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Johan F. J. Engbersen
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
| | - Raymond M. Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology
- University Medical Center Utrecht
- 3584 CX Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Utrecht University
- 3508 TB Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Utrecht University
- 3508 TB Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Ma K, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Song G, Wu M, Chen G. Identification of a HSP40 gene involved in planarian regeneration. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
54
|
Haraszti RA, Roux L, Coles AH, Turanov AA, Alterman JF, Echeverria D, Godinho BM, Aronin N, Khvorova A. 5΄-Vinylphosphonate improves tissue accumulation and efficacy of conjugated siRNAs in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:7581-7592. [PMID: 28591791 PMCID: PMC5570069 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5΄-Vinylphosphonate modification of siRNAs protects them from phosphatases, and improves silencing activity. Here, we show that 5΄-vinylphosphonate confers novel properties to siRNAs. Specifically, 5΄-vinylphosphonate (i) increases siRNA accumulation in tissues, (ii) extends duration of silencing in multiple organs and (iii) protects siRNAs from 5΄-to-3΄ exonucleases. Delivery of conjugated siRNAs requires extensive chemical modifications to achieve stability in vivo. Because chemically modified siRNAs are poor substrates for phosphorylation by kinases, and 5΄-phosphate is required for loading into RNA-induced silencing complex, the synthetic addition of a 5΄-phosphate on a fully modified siRNA guide strand is expected to be beneficial. Here, we show that synthetic phosphorylation of fully modified cholesterol-conjugated siRNAs increases their potency and efficacy in vitro, but when delivered systemically to mice, the 5΄-phosphate is removed within 2 hours. The 5΄-phosphate mimic 5΄-(E)-vinylphosphonate stabilizes the 5΄ end of the guide strand by protecting it from phosphatases and 5΄-to-3΄ exonucleases. The improved stability increases guide strand accumulation and retention in tissues, which significantly enhances the efficacy of cholesterol-conjugated siRNAs and the duration of silencing in vivo. Moreover, we show that 5΄-(E)-vinylphosphonate stabilizes 5΄ phosphate, thereby enabling systemic delivery to and silencing in kidney and heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reka A. Haraszti
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Loic Roux
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrew H. Coles
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Anton A. Turanov
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Julia F. Alterman
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dimas Echeverria
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bruno M.D.C. Godinho
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Neil Aronin
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Anastasia Khvorova
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Yoon JD, Hwang SU, Kim E, Jin M, Kim S, Hyun SH. GDF8 activates p38 MAPK signaling during porcine oocyte maturation in vitro. Theriogenology 2017; 101:123-134. [PMID: 28708509 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Growth Differentiation Factor 8 (GDF8) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family and has been identified as a strong physiological regulator. This factor is expressed as a paracrine factor in mural granulosa cells. To investigate the effects of GDF8 on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes, we assessed the quality of matured oocytes as well as the specific gene transcription and protein activation levels in oocytes and cumulus cells (CCs) after IVM and subsequent embryonic development after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and parthenogenetic activation (PA). Supplemental concentrations (0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) of GDF8 were provided in IVM medium. Supplementation with GDF8 during IVM induced transcription of specific TGF-β receptor genes, such as ActRIIb and Alk4/5, and the recognition of the GDF8 by these receptors induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Activated p38 MAPK signaling changed oocyte maturation and cumulus expansion-related gene transcription: Nrf2 and Bcl-2 in oocytes and PCNA, Nrf2, Has2, Ptx3, and TNFAIP6 in CCs. The altered gene expression pattern during IVM resulted in a 10% lower level of intracellular ROS in mature oocytes. The improved cytoplasmic maturation led to an increase in the fertilization efficiency and subsequent embryonic developmental competence. The embryonic development showed increases in the blastocyst formation rate and higher transcription levels of POU5F1 and BCL-2 in the blastocysts. The present study suggests that supplementation of GDF8 during IVM synergistically improved the developmental potential of IVF- and PA-derived porcine embryos by reducing the intracellular ROS level in oocytes by altering the transcription of specific genes and increasing the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK during IVM. In conclusion, for the first time, our results demonstrate that GDF8 can act as a paracrine factor to modulate oocyte maturation by regulating p38 MAPK phosphorylation and intracellular ROS level during porcine IVM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchul David Yoon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ung Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Minghui Jin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochong Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Platelets Signaling, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Selvam C, Mutisya D, Prakash S, Ranganna K, Thilagavathi R. Therapeutic potential of chemically modified siRNA: Recent trends. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:665-678. [PMID: 28378934 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are one of the valuable tools to investigate the functions of genes and are also used for gene silencing. It has a wide scope in drug discovery through in vivo target validation. siRNA therapeutics are not optimal drug-like molecules due to poor bioavailability and immunogenic and off-target effects. To overcome the challenges associated with siRNA therapeutics, identification of appropriate chemical modifications that improves the stability, specificity and potency of siRNA is essential. This review focuses on the various chemical modifications and their implications in siRNA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelliah Selvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Mutisya
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Albany State University, Albany, GA, USA
| | - Sandhya Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kasturi Ranganna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thilagavathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India
| |
Collapse
|