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Abalde S, Tenorio MJ, Afonso CML, Zardoya R. Mitogenomic phylogeny of cone snails endemic to Senegal. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 112:79-87. [PMID: 28450228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cone snails attain in Senegal one of their highest peaks of species diversity throughout the continental coast of Western Africa. A total of 15 endemic species have been described, all placed in the genus Lautoconus. While there is ample data regarding the morphology of the shell and the radular tooth of these species, virtually nothing is known regarding the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of one of the most endangered groups of cones. In this work, we determined the complete or near-complete (only lacking the control region) mitochondrial (mt) genomes of 17 specimens representing 11 endemic species (Lautoconus belairensis, Lautoconus bruguieresi, Lautoconus cacao, Lautoconus cloveri, Lautoconus cf. echinophilus, Lautoconus guinaicus, Lautoconus hybridus, Lautoconus senegalensis, Lautoconus mercator, Lautoconus taslei, and Lautoconus unifasciatus). We also sequenced the complete mt genome of Lautoconus guanche from the Canary Islands, which has been related to the cones endemic to Senegal. All mt genomes share the same gene arrangement, which conforms to the consensus reported for Conidae, Neogastropoda and Caenogastropoda. Phylogenetic analyses using probabilistic methods recovered three major lineages, whose divergence coincided in time with sea level and ocean current changes as well as temperature fluctuations during the Messinian salinity crisis and the Plio-Pleistocene transition. Furthermore, the three lineages corresponded to distinct types of radular tooth (robust, small, and elongated), suggesting that dietary specialization could be an additional evolutionary driver in the diversification of the cones endemic to Senegal. The reconstructed phylogeny showed several cases of phenotypic convergence (cryptic species) and questions the validity of some species (ecotypes or phenotypic plasticity), both results having important taxonomic and conservation consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Abalde
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel J Tenorio
- Departamento CMIM y Q. Inorgánica-INBIO, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carlos M L Afonso
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rafael Zardoya
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Rodríguez V, Buades JM, Brown RP, Terrasa B, Pérez-Mellado V, Corti C, Delaugerre M, Castro JA, Picornell A, Ramon MM. Evolutionary history of Podarcis tiliguerta on Corsica and Sardinia. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:27. [PMID: 28103805 PMCID: PMC5248522 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Podarcis tiliguerta is a wall lizard endemic to the Mediterranean islands of Corsica and Sardinia. Previous findings of high mtDNA and morphological diversity have led to the suggestion that it may represent a species complex. Here, we analysed mitochondrial and nuclear markers (mtDNA, 3110 bp; 6 nDNA loci, 3961 bp) in P. tiliguerta sampled from thirty-two localities across Corsica and Sardinia. Results We find much greater intraspecific genetic divergence than between sister species of other Mediterranean island Podarcis, i.e., between P. lilfordi and P. pityusensis. We detected three mtDNA clusters in Corsica (North, South-East and South-West) and either two or three in Sardinia (North vs. South) depending on the clustering method. Only one or two nDNA groups were identified within each main island (again, depending on the method). A Bayesian time-calibrated multispecies coalescent tree was obtained from mtDNA and provided statistical support for a Miocene origin of the species (13.87 Ma, 95% HPD: 18.30–10.77 Ma). The posterior mean divergence time for the Corsican and Sardinian lineages was 12.75 Ma ago (95% HPD: 16.94–9.04 Ma). Conclusion The results support the evolutionary distinctiveness of Corsican and Sardinian populations and also indicate a lack of post-divergence migration despite periods of contact being possible. Further to this, species delimitation analyses of Corsican and Sardinian lineages provided statistical support for their recognition as distinct (sister) taxa. Our results provide new insights into the biogeography of the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot, and contribute important findings relevant to the systematics and evolution of this speciose lizard genus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0860-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rodríguez
- Laboratori de Genètica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J M Buades
- Laboratori de Genètica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - R P Brown
- School of Natural Sciences & Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Terrasa
- Laboratori de Genètica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - V Pérez-Mellado
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - C Corti
- Museo di Storia Naturale de ll'Università di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Firenze, Italy
| | | | - J A Castro
- Laboratori de Genètica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A Picornell
- Laboratori de Genètica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M M Ramon
- Laboratori de Genètica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Molina-Venegas R, Aparicio A, Lavergne S, Arroyo J. Climatic and topographical correlates of plant palaeo- and neoendemism in a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:229-238. [PMID: 27288510 PMCID: PMC5321055 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Understanding the evolutionary and ecological forces contributing to the emergence of biodiversity hotspots is of outstanding importance to elucidate how they may withstand current climate changes. Here we explored patterns of phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic plant endemism in a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot. We hypothesized that areas with wet and equable climatic conditions would be prone to long-term persistence of endemic lineages (palaeoendemism), whilst areas of recent local speciation (neoendemism) would be more related to harsher environmental conditions and to high topographical relief promoting speciation. METHODS We focused on the Baetic-Rifan biodiversity hotspot (southern Iberian Peninsula and northern Morocco) in combination with molecular phylogenetic information and relative phylogenetic endemism (RPE), a recent phylogenetic measure of endemism, allowing us to discern centres of palaeo- from those of neoendemism. Using eco-geographical regions as study units, we explored correlations between both RPE and endemic species richness with precipitation- and temperature-related variables and with elevation range. KEY RESULTS Centres of neoendemism were concentrated towards the easternmost part of the hotspot, while centres of palaeoendemism were clustered in the vicinity of the Strait of Gibraltar. The RPE index, indicating more palaeoendemism, was positively correlated with total annual precipitation, while endemic species richness showed a poor correlation. In contrast, elevation range and mean annual temperature were poor predictors of RPE, despite elevation range showing a strong correlation with endemic species richness. CONCLUSIONS The Baetic-Rifan biodiversity hotspot shows clearly differentiated centres of neo- and palaeoendemism. Topographical relief may have driven evolutionary diversification of newly evolved species, while water availability seems more critical for the long-term persistence of ancient lineages in refuge areas of smoother topography. Given climatic trends towards increasing aridification, conservation planners should pay particular attention to preserve areas retaining older phylogenetic lineages, as these areas act as 'natural museums' of biodiversity within the Baetic-Rifan biodiversity hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Molina-Venegas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aparicio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Juan Arroyo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
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Rundel PW, Arroyo MT, Cowling RM, Keeley JE, Lamont BB, Vargas P. Mediterranean Biomes: Evolution of Their Vegetation, Floras, and Climate. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip W. Rundel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095;
| | - Mary T.K. Arroyo
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Department of Ecological Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile;
| | - Richard M. Cowling
- Centre for Coastal Palaeosciences, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa;
| | - Jon E. Keeley
- Sequoia Field Station, Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Three Rivers, California 93271;
| | - Byron B. Lamont
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia;
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid, CSIC, 28014 Madrid, Spain;
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Garcia-Cisneros A, Palacín C, Ben Khadra Y, Pérez-Portela R. Low genetic diversity and recent demographic expansion in the red starfish Echinaster sepositus (Retzius 1816). Sci Rep 2016; 6:33269. [PMID: 27627860 PMCID: PMC5024105 DOI: 10.1038/srep33269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the phylogeography and genetic structure of populations and the processes responsible of patterns therein is crucial for evaluating the vulnerability of marine species and developing management strategies. In this study, we explore how past climatic events and ongoing oceanographic and demographic processes have shaped the genetic structure and diversity of the Atlanto-Mediterranean red starfish Echinaster sepositus. The species is relatively abundant in some areas of the Mediterranean Sea, but some populations have dramatically decreased over recent years due to direct extraction for ornamental aquariums and souvenir industries. Analyses across most of the distribution range of the species based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and eight microsatellite loci revealed very low intraspecific genetic diversity. The species showed a weak genetic structure within marine basins despite the a priori low dispersal potential of its lecithotrophic larva. Our results also revealed a very recent demographic expansion across the distribution range of the species. The genetic data presented here indicate that the species might be highly vulnerable, due to its low intraspecific genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Garcia-Cisneros
- Animal Biology Department and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBIO), Barcelona University, Avda. Diagonal, 643, Barcelona, Spain.,Center of Advanced Studies of Blanes (CSIC-CEAB), Accès cala St. Francesc, 14, Blanes, Spain
| | - Creu Palacín
- Animal Biology Department and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBIO), Barcelona University, Avda. Diagonal, 643, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yousra Ben Khadra
- Laboratoire de Recherche Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Av. Tahar Haddad, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rocío Pérez-Portela
- Center of Advanced Studies of Blanes (CSIC-CEAB), Accès cala St. Francesc, 14, Blanes, Spain
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Pires MM, Silvestro D, Quental TB. Continental faunal exchange and the asymmetrical radiation of carnivores. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20151952. [PMID: 26490792 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineages arriving on islands may undergo explosive evolutionary radiations owing to the wealth of ecological opportunities. Although studies on insular taxa have improved our understanding of macroevolutionary phenomena, we know little about the macroevolutionary dynamics of continental exchanges. Here we study the evolution of eight Carnivora families that have migrated across the Northern Hemisphere to investigate if continental invasions also result in explosive diversification dynamics. We used a Bayesian approach to estimate speciation and extinction rates from a substantial dataset of fossil occurrences while accounting for the incompleteness of the fossil record. Our analyses revealed a strongly asymmetrical pattern in which North American lineages invading Eurasia underwent explosive radiations, whereas lineages invading North America maintained uniform diversification dynamics. These invasions into Eurasia were characterized by high rates of speciation and extinction. The radiation of the arriving lineages in Eurasia coincide with the decline of established lineages or phases of climate change, suggesting differences in the ecological settings between the continents may be responsible for the disparity in diversification dynamics. These results reveal long-term outcomes of biological invasions and show that the importance of explosive radiations in shaping diversity extends beyond insular systems and have significant impact at continental scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias M Pires
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 11294, 05422-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Evolution and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 413 19 Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tiago B Quental
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 11294, 05422-970 São Paulo, Brazil
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Veríssimo J, Znari M, Stuckas H, Fritz U, Pereira P, Teixeira J, Arculeo M, Marrone F, Sacco F, Naimi M, Kehlmaier C, Velo-Antón G. Pleistocene diversification in Morocco and recent demographic expansion in the Mediterranean pond turtleMauremys leprosa. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Veríssimo
- CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto; Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão; R. Padre Armando Quintas 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto; Rua Campo Alegre 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - Mohamed Znari
- Laboratory ‘Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics’; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science-Semlalia; Cadi Ayyad University; Avenue Prince Moulay Abdellah 40000 Marrakech Morocco
| | - Heiko Stuckas
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Dresden A. B. Meyer Building 01109 Dresden Germany
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Dresden A. B. Meyer Building 01109 Dresden Germany
| | - Paulo Pereira
- CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto; Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão; R. Padre Armando Quintas 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto; Rua Campo Alegre 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto; Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão; R. Padre Armando Quintas 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research; University of Porto; Rua dos Bragas n.289 4050-123 Porto Portugal
| | - Marco Arculeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche; Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF); Università di Palermo; Via Archirafi18 90123 Palermo Italy
| | - Federico Marrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche; Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF); Università di Palermo; Via Archirafi18 90123 Palermo Italy
| | - Francesco Sacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche; Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF); Università di Palermo; Via Archirafi18 90123 Palermo Italy
| | - Mohamed Naimi
- Laboratory ‘Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics’; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science-Semlalia; Cadi Ayyad University; Avenue Prince Moulay Abdellah 40000 Marrakech Morocco
| | - Christian Kehlmaier
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Dresden A. B. Meyer Building 01109 Dresden Germany
| | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto; Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão; R. Padre Armando Quintas 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
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Evaluating the phylogenetic signal limit from mitogenomes, slow evolving nuclear genes, and the concatenation approach. New insights into the Lacertini radiation using fast evolving nuclear genes and species trees. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 100:254-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Molina-Venegas R, Aparicio A, Lavergne S, Arroyo J. The building of a biodiversity hotspot across a land-bridge in the Mediterranean. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20151116. [PMID: 26246551 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the macroevolutionary processes that have shaped present-day phylogenetic patterns were caused by geological events such as plate tectonics and temporary land-bridges. The study of spatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity can provide insights into these past events. Here we focus on a western Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot located in the southern Iberian Peninsula and northwest Africa, two regions that are separated by the Strait of Gibraltar. We explore the spatial structure of the phylogenetic relationships within and across large-scale plant assemblages. Significant turnover in terminal lineages tends to occur between landmasses, whereas turnover in deep lineages tends to occur within landmasses. Plant assemblages in the western ecoregions of this hotspot tend to be phylogenetically overdispersed but are phylogenetically clustered on its eastern margins. We discuss our results in the light of potential scenarios of niche evolution (or conservatism) and lineage diversification. The significant turnover between landmasses suggests a common scenario of allopatric speciation that could have been facilitated by the intermittent joining of the two continents. This may have constituted an important stimulus for diversification and the emergence of this western Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Molina-Venegas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, Sevilla 41080, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aparicio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, Sevilla 41080, Spain
| | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Juan Arroyo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, Sevilla 41080, Spain
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Ståhls G, Vujić A, Petanidou T, Cardoso P, Radenković S, Ačanski J, Pérez Bañón C, Rojo S. Phylogeographic patterns of Merodon hoverflies in the Eastern Mediterranean region: revealing connections and barriers. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:2226-45. [PMID: 27069578 PMCID: PMC4782255 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the phylogeographic patterns of Merodon species (Diptera, Syrphidae) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Ten species were sampled on five different islands and mainland sites as a minimum. All samples were screened for their mtDNA COI barcode haplotype diversity, and for some samples, we additionally generated genomic fingerprints. The recently established zoogeographic distribution categories classify these species as having (1) Balkan distribution; (2) Anatolian distribution; (3) continental areas and large islands distribution; and (4) with wide distribution. The ancestral haplotypes and their geographical localities were estimated with statistical parsimony (TCS). TCS networks identified as the ancestral haplotype samples that originated from localities situated within the distributional category of the species in question. Strong geographical haplotype structuring was detected for many Merodon species. We were particularly interested to test the relative importance of current (Aegean Sea) and past Mid-Aegean Trench) barriers to dispersal for Merodon flies in the Aegean. We employed phylogenetic β-diversity (Pβ total) and its partition in replacement (Pβ repl) and richness difference (Pβ rich) to test the importance of each explanatory variable (interisland distance, MAT, and island area) in interisland differences using partial Mantel tests and hierarchical partitioning of variation. β-Analyses confirmed the importance of both current and past barriers to dispersal on the evolution of group. Current interisland distance was particularly important to explain the replacement of haplotypes, while the MAT was driving differences in richness of haplotypes, revealing the MAT as a strong past barrier whose effects are still visible today in the phylogenetic history of the clade in the Aegean. These results support the hypothesis of a highly restricted dispersal and gene flow among Merodon populations between islands since late Pleistocene. Additionally, patterns of phylogeographic structure deduced from haplotype connections and ISSR genome fingerprinting data revealed a few putative cases of human-mediated transfers of Merodon spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Ståhls
- Zoology UnitFinnish Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 1700014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Ante Vujić
- Department of Biology and EcologyUniversity of Novi SadTrg Dositeja Obradovića 221000Novi SadSerbia
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Department of GeographyLaboratory of Biogeography & EcologyUniversity of the Aegean81100MytileneGreece
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Zoology UnitFinnish Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 1700014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Snezana Radenković
- Department of Biology and EcologyUniversity of Novi SadTrg Dositeja Obradovića 221000Novi SadSerbia
| | - Jelena Ačanski
- BioSense InstituteUniversity of Novi SadDr Zorana Đinđića 121000Novi SadSerbia
| | - Celeste Pérez Bañón
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources/Research Institute CIBIOUniversity of AlicanteApdo 99E‐03080AlicanteSpain
| | - Santos Rojo
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources/Research Institute CIBIOUniversity of AlicanteApdo 99E‐03080AlicanteSpain
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Romeiras MM, Vieira A, Silva DN, Moura M, Santos-Guerra A, Batista D, Duarte MC, Paulo OS. Evolutionary and Biogeographic Insights on the Macaronesian Beta-Patellifolia Species (Amaranthaceae) from a Time-Scaled Molecular Phylogeny. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152456. [PMID: 27031338 PMCID: PMC4816301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Western Mediterranean Region and Macaronesian Islands are one of the top biodiversity hotspots of Europe, containing a significant native genetic diversity of global value among the Crop Wild Relatives (CWR). Sugar beet is the primary crop of the genus Beta (subfamily Betoideae, Amaranthaceae) and despite the great economic importance of this genus, and of the close relative Patellifolia species, a reconstruction of their evolutionary history is still lacking. We analyzed nrDNA (ITS) and cpDNA gene (matK, trnH-psbA, trnL intron, rbcL) sequences to: (i) investigate the phylogenetic relationships within the Betoideae subfamily, and (ii) elucidate the historical biogeography of wild beet species in the Western Mediterranean Region, including the Macaronesian Islands. The results support the Betoideae as a monophyletic group (excluding the Acroglochin genus) and provide a detailed inference of relationships within this subfamily, revealing: (i) a deep genetic differentiation between Beta and Patellifolia species, which may have occurred in Late Oligocene; and (ii) the occurrence of a West-East genetic divergence within Beta, indicating that the Mediterranean species probably differentiated by the end of the Miocene. This was interpreted as a signature of species radiation induced by dramatic habitat changes during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC, 5.96-5.33 Mya). Moreover, colonization events during the Pleistocene also played a role in shaping the current diversity patterns among and within the Macaronesian Islands. The origin and number of these events could not be revealed due to insufficient phylogenetic resolution, suggesting that the diversification was quite recent in these archipelagos, and unravelling potential complex biogeographic patterns with hybridization and gene flow playing an important role. Finally, three evolutionary lineages were identified corresponding to major gene pools of sugar beet wild relatives, which provide useful information for establishing in situ and ex situ conservation priorities in the hotspot area of the Macaronesian Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Romeiras
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Vieira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diogo N. Silva
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Monica Moura
- Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Associate Laboratory (CIBIO/InBIO), Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Universidade dos Açores, Dep. Biologia, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | | | - Dora Batista
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Duarte
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Octávio S. Paulo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Gaudeul M, Véla E, Rouhan G. Eastward colonization of the Mediterranean Basin by two geographically structured clades: The case of Odontites Ludw. (Orobanchaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 96:140-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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63
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Finarelli JA, Liow LH. Diversification histories for North American and Eurasian carnivorans. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Finarelli
- School of Biology and Environment Science; University of College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Earth Institute; University of College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Lee Hsiang Liow
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES); University of Oslo; 0316 Oslo Norway
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64
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Ball RE, Serra-Pereira B, Ellis J, Genner MJ, Iglésias S, Johnson AF, Jones CS, Leslie R, Lewis J, Mariani S, Menezes G, Neat F, Noble LR, Sims DW, Griffiths AM. Resolving taxonomic uncertainty in vulnerable elasmobranchs: are the Madeira skate (Raja maderensis) and the thornback ray (Raja clavata) distinct species? CONSERV GENET 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Skates and rays constitute the most speciose group of chondrichthyan fishes, yet are characterised by remarkable levels of morphological and ecological conservatism. They can be challenging to identify, which makes monitoring species compositions for fisheries management purposes problematic. Owing to their slow growth and low fecundity, skates are vulnerable to exploitation and species exhibiting endemism or limited ranges are considered to be the most at risk. The Madeira skate Raja maderensis is endemic and classified as ‘Data Deficient’ by the IUCN, yet its taxonomic distinctiveness from the morphologically similar and more wide-ranging thornback ray Raja clavata is unresolved. This study evaluated the sequence divergence of both the variable control region and cytochrome oxidase I ‘DNA barcode’ gene of the mitochondrial genome to elucidate the genetic differentiation of specimens identified as R. maderensis and R. clavata collected across much of their geographic ranges. Genetic evidence was insufficient to support the different species designations. However regardless of putative species identification, individuals occupying waters around the Azores and North African Seamounts represent an evolutionarily significant unit worthy of special consideration for conservation management.
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Pratt JR, Barbeau DL, Izykowski TM, Garver JI, Emran A. Sedimentary provenance of the Taza-Guercif Basin, South Rifean Corridor, Morocco: Implications for basin emergence. GEOSPHERE 2016; 12:221-236. [DOI: 10.1130/ges01192.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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66
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Phylogeography of the European sturgeon ( Acipenser sturio ): A critically endangered species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 94:346-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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67
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Lalis A, Leblois R, Liefried S, Ouarour A, Reddy Beeravolu C, Michaux J, Hamani A, Denys C, Nicolas V. New molecular data favour an anthropogenic introduction of the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus
) in North Africa. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Lalis
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution; Biodiversité ISYEB UMR 7205 - CNRS MNHN UMPC EPHE; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Sorbonne Universités; Paris France
| | | | - Sohaib Liefried
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé; Faculté des Sciences; Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi; Tétouan Maroc
| | - Ali Ouarour
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé; Faculté des Sciences; Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi; Tétouan Maroc
| | | | - Johan Michaux
- Unité de génétique de la conservation; Institut de Botanique; Université de Liège (Sart Tilman); Liège Belgique
| | - Adel Hamani
- Laboratoire d'Ornithologie; Département de Zoologie; ENSA El Harrach; Alger Algeria
| | - Christiane Denys
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution; Biodiversité ISYEB UMR 7205 - CNRS MNHN UMPC EPHE; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Sorbonne Universités; Paris France
| | - Violaine Nicolas
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution; Biodiversité ISYEB UMR 7205 - CNRS MNHN UMPC EPHE; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Sorbonne Universités; Paris France
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68
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Pérez-Gutiérrez MA, Romero-García AT, Fernández MC, Blanca G, Salinas-Bonillo MJ, Suárez-Santiago VN. Evolutionary history of fumitories (subfamily Fumarioideae, Papaveraceae): An old story shaped by the main geological and climatic events in the Northern Hemisphere. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 88:75-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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69
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Rato C, Harris DJ, Perera A, Carvalho SB, Carretero MA, Rödder D. A Combination of Divergence and Conservatism in the Niche Evolution of the Moorish Gecko, Tarentola mauritanica (Gekkota: Phyllodactylidae). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127980. [PMID: 26000981 PMCID: PMC4441378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantification of realized niche overlap and the integration of species distribution models (SDMs) with calibrated phylogenies to study niche evolution are becoming not only powerful tools to understand speciation events, but can also be used as proxies regarding the delimitation of cryptic species. We applied these techniques in order to unravel how the fundamental niche evolved during cladogenesis within the Tarentola mauritanica species-complex. Our results suggest that diversification within this complex, during the Miocene and Pleistocene, is associated with both niche divergence and niche conservatism, with a pattern that varies depending on whether the variables involved are related to the mean or seasonality of temperature and humidity. Moreover, climatic variables related to humidity and temperature seasonality were involved in the niche shift and genetic diversification of the European/North African clade during the Pleistocene and in its maintenance in a fundamental niche distinct from that of the remaining members of the group. This study further highlights the need for a taxonomic revision of the T. mauritanica species-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Rato
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - David James Harris
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Ana Perera
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Silvia B. Carvalho
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
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70
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Bogdanowicz W, Hulva P, Černá Bolfíková B, Buś MM, Rychlicka E, Sztencel-Jabłonka A, Cistrone L, Russo D. Cryptic diversity of Italian bats and the role of the Apennine refugium in the phylogeography of the western Palaearctic. Zool J Linn Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Bogdanowicz
- Museum and Institute of Zoology; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wilcza 64 00-679 Warszawa Poland
| | - Pavel Hulva
- Department of Zoology; Charles University in Prague; Viničná 7 12843 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Ostrava; Chittussiho 10 71000 Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Černá Bolfíková
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague; Kamýcká 129 16500 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena M. Buś
- Museum and Institute of Zoology; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wilcza 64 00-679 Warszawa Poland
| | - Edyta Rychlicka
- Museum and Institute of Zoology; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wilcza 64 00-679 Warszawa Poland
| | - Anna Sztencel-Jabłonka
- Museum and Institute of Zoology; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wilcza 64 00-679 Warszawa Poland
| | - Luca Cistrone
- Forestry and Conservation; Via Botticelli n°14 03043 Cassino Frosinone Italy
| | - Danilo Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit; Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata; Sezione di Biologia e Protezione dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali; Dipartimento di Agraria; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; via Università, 100 80055 Portici Napoli Italy
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71
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Abstract
A simple model for necking and detachment of subducting slabs is developed to include the coupling between grain-sensitive rheology and grain-size evolution with damage. Necking is triggered by thickened buoyant crust entrained into a subduction zone, in which case grain damage accelerates necking and allows for relatively rapid slab detachment, i.e., within 1 My, depending on the size of the crustal plug. Thick continental crustal plugs can cause rapid necking while smaller plugs characteristic of ocean plateaux cause slower necking; oceanic lithosphere with normal or slightly thickened crust subducts without necking. The model potentially explains how large plateaux or continental crust drawn into subduction zones can cause slab loss and rapid changes in plate motion and/or induce abrupt continental rebound.
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72
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Chen C, Qi ZC, Xu XH, Comes HP, Koch MA, Jin XJ, Fu CX, Qiu YX. Understanding the formation of Mediterranean-African-Asian disjunctions: evidence for Miocene climate-driven vicariance and recent long-distance dispersal in the Tertiary relict Smilax aspera (Smilacaceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 204:243-255. [PMID: 24975406 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tethyan plant disjunctions, including Mediterranean-African-Asian disjunctions, are thought to be vicariant, but their temporal origin and underlying causes remain largely unknown. To address this issue, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of Smilax aspera, a hypothesized component of the European Tertiary laurel forest flora. Thirty-eight populations and herbarium specimens representing 57 locations across the species range were sequenced at seven plastid regions and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region. Time-calibrated phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences were used to trace ancestral areas and biogeographical events. The deep intraspecific split between Mediterranean and African-Asian lineages is attributable to range fragmentation of a southern Tethyan ancestor, as colder and more arid climates developed shortly after the mid-Miocene. In the Mediterranean, climate-induced vicariance has shaped regional population structure since the Late Miocene/Early Pliocene. At around the same time, East African and South Asian lineages split by vicariance, with one shared haplotype reflecting long-distance dispersal. Our results support the idea that geographic range formation and divergence of Tertiary relict species are more or less gradual (mostly vicariant) processes over long time spans, rather than point events in history. They also highlight the importance of the Mediterranean Basin as a centre of intraspecific divergence for Tertiary relict plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, Institute of Plant Sciences, and Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Chen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, Institute of Plant Sciences, and Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, Institute of Plant Sciences, and Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hans Peter Comes
- Department of Organismic Biology, Salzburg University, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marcus A Koch
- Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics and Botanical Garden and Herbarium Heidelberg (HEID), Center for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin-Jie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, Institute of Plant Sciences, and Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Xiong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, Institute of Plant Sciences, and Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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73
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Romano C, Voight JR, Pérez-Portela R, Martin D. Morphological and genetic diversity of the wood-boring Xylophaga (Mollusca, Bivalvia): new species and records from deep-sea Iberian canyons. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102887. [PMID: 25061913 PMCID: PMC4111485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep-sea bivalves of the Xylophagaidae, a poorly known group, are obligate wood-borers. Deployment of wood in three submarine canyons off the Iberian coast, the Blanes and La Fonera Canyons (Mediterranean Sea) and the Avilés Canyon (Cantabric Sea, Bay of Biscay), lead to the discovery of four xylophagaid species in our samples. Xylophaga dorsalis (the dominant species), X. atlantica, X. cf. anselli and the new species X. brava, were identified on the basis of morphological data, and supported by a phylogenetic reconstruction based on the nuclear genes 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA and including several genus of Xylophagaidae. Genetic divergence between species of Xylophaga varied between genes, ranging from 0.5 to 4.0% for the 18SrDNA and from 4.1 to 16.6% for the 28SrDNA. Xylophaga brava sp. nov. appeared to be restricted to the Mediterranean and morphologically resembled the closely related X. cf. anselli from the Cantabrian Sea. However, they clearly diverged in two well-supported clades. Low levels of intraspecific variability and higher interspecific divergence between species also supported the existence of these two different species. Morphologically they differ in the number of cirri at the siphon openings, in the shape of the posterior shell and in the size of prodissoconch II. The new species is characterized by having weak, poorly mineralized mesoplax and siphons united throughout, covered by a periostracal, non-calcified tube; distinct proximal and distal siphons, the former translucent and soft, the latter muscular, with concentric rings. Xylophaga atlantica, previously known only from the western Atlantic, is reported for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea. Whether its presence in the Mediterranean indicates its natural distribution or reflects its recent introduction is unknown. Although xylophagaids have been previously reported to recruit heavily to wood deposited on the seabed, these four species colonized wood suspended 30 m above the seafloor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Romano
- Centre d'Estudis Avancats de Blanes (CEAB - CSIC), Blanes (Girona), Catalunya, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Janet Ruth Voight
- Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rocío Pérez-Portela
- Centre d'Estudis Avancats de Blanes (CEAB - CSIC), Blanes (Girona), Catalunya, Spain
| | - Daniel Martin
- Centre d'Estudis Avancats de Blanes (CEAB - CSIC), Blanes (Girona), Catalunya, Spain
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74
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Anzidei M, Lambeck K, Antonioli F, Furlani S, Mastronuzzi G, Serpelloni E, Vannucci G. Coastal structure, sea-level changes and vertical motion of the land in the Mediterranean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1144/sp388.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Mediterranean basin is an important area of the Earth for studying the interplay between geodynamic processes and landscape evolution affected by tectonic, glacio-hydro-isostatic and eustatic factors. We focus on determining vertical deformations and relative sea-level change of the coastal zone utilizing geological, archaeological, historical and instrumental data, and modelling. For deformation determinations on recent decadal to centennial time scales, seismic strain analysis based on about 6000 focal mechanisms, surface deformation analysis based on some 850 continuous GPS stations, and 57 tide gauge records were used. Utilizing data from tectonically stable areas, reference surfaces were established to separate tectonic and climate (eustatic) signals throughout the basin for the last 20 000 years. Predominant Holocene subsidence (west coast of Italy, northern Adriatic sea, most of Greece and Turkey are areas at risk of flooding owing to relative sea-level rise), uplift (local areas in southwestern Italy and southern Greece) or stability (northwestern and central western Mediterranean and Levant area) were determined. Superimposed on the long trends, the coasts are also impacted by sudden extreme events such as recurring large storms and numerous, but unpredictable tsunamis caused by the high seismicity of parts of the basins.Supplementary material:A table of locations and timings of the largest tsunamis in the Mediterranean during the last 5660 years BP is available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18757.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Anzidei
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy
| | - Kurt Lambeck
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Stefano Furlani
- DMG, Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mastronuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli Studi ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
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75
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Rastorgueff PA, Chevaldonné P, Arslan D, Verna C, Lejeusne C. Cryptic habitats and cryptic diversity: unexpected patterns of connectivity and phylogeographical breaks in a Mediterranean endemic marine cave mysid. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:2825-43. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alexandre Rastorgueff
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE); UMR 7263 CNRS, IRD; Aix Marseille Université; Avignon Université; Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions 13007 Marseille France
| | - Pierre Chevaldonné
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE); UMR 7263 CNRS, IRD; Aix Marseille Université; Avignon Université; Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions 13007 Marseille France
| | - Defne Arslan
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE); UMR 7263 CNRS, IRD; Aix Marseille Université; Avignon Université; Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions 13007 Marseille France
| | - Caroline Verna
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE); UMR 7263 CNRS, IRD; Aix Marseille Université; Avignon Université; Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions 13007 Marseille France
| | - Christophe Lejeusne
- Doñana Biological Station-CSIC (EBD-CSIC); Avenida A. Vespucio 41092 Sevilla Spain
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; 80121, Napoli Italy
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76
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Vences M, Sanchez E, Hauswaldt JS, Eikelmann D, Rodríguez A, Carranza S, Donaire D, Gehara M, Helfer V, Lötters S, Werner P, Schulz S, Steinfartz S. Nuclear and mitochondrial multilocus phylogeny and survey of alkaloid content in true salamanders of the genus Salamandra (Salamandridae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 73:208-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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77
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Tarroso P, Pereira RJ, Martínez-Freiría F, Godinho R, Brito JC. Hybridization at an ecotone: ecological and genetic barriers between three Iberian vipers. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:1108-23. [PMID: 24447270 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The formation of stable genetic boundaries between emerging species is often diagnosed by reduced hybrid fitness relative to parental taxa. This reduced fitness can arise from endogenous and/or exogenous barriers to gene flow. Although detecting exogenous barriers in nature is difficult, we can estimate the role of ecological divergence in driving species boundaries by integrating molecular and ecological niche modelling tools. Here, we focus on a three-way secondary contact zone between three viper species (Vipera aspis, V. latastei and V. seoanei) to test for the contribution of ecological divergence to the development of reproductive barriers at several species traits (morphology, nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA). Both the nuclear and mitochondrial data show that all taxa are genetically distinct and that the sister species V. aspis and V. latastei hybridize frequently and backcross over several generations. We find that the three taxa have diverged ecologically and meet at a hybrid zone coincident with a steep ecotone between the Atlantic and Mediterranean biogeographical provinces. Integrating landscape and genetic approaches, we show that hybridization is spatially restricted to habitats that are suboptimal for parental taxa. Together, these results suggest that niche separation and adaptation to an ecological gradient confer an important barrier to gene flow among taxa that have not achieved complete reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Tarroso
- CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal
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78
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Winkler DE, van den Hoek Ostende LW, Schulz E, Calandra I, Gailer JP, Landwehr C, Kaiser TM. Dietary divergence in space and time – Lessons from the dwarf-goat Myotragus balearicus (Pleisto-Holocene, Mallorca, Spain). Mamm Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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79
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Molina-Venegas R, Aparicio A, Pina FJ, Valdés B, Arroyo J. Disentangling environmental correlates of vascular plant biodiversity in a Mediterranean hotspot. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:3879-94. [PMID: 24198946 PMCID: PMC3810881 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the environmental correlates of vascular plant biodiversity in the Baetic-Rifan region, a plant biodiversity hotspot in the western Mediterranean. A catalog of the whole flora of Andalusia and northern Morocco, the region that includes most of the Baetic-Rifan complex, was compiled using recent comprehensive floristic catalogs. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of the different ecoregions of Andalusia and northern Morocco were conducted to determine their floristic affinities. Diversity patterns were studied further by focusing on regional endemic taxa. Endemic and nonendemic alpha diversities were regressed to several environmental variables. Finally, semi-partial regressions on distance matrices were conducted to extract the respective contributions of climatic, altitudinal, lithological, and geographical distance matrices to beta diversity in endemic and nonendemic taxa. We found that West Rifan plant assemblages had more similarities with Andalusian ecoregions than with other nearby northern Morocco ecoregions. The endemic alpha diversity was explained relatively well by the environmental variables related to summer drought and extreme temperature values. Of all the variables, geographical distance contributed by far the most to spatial turnover in species diversity in the Baetic-Rifan hotspot. In the Baetic range, elevation was the most significant driver of nonendemic species beta diversity, while lithology and elevation were the main drivers of endemic beta diversity. Despite the fact that Andalusia and northern Morocco are presently separated by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, the Baetic and Rifan mountain ranges have many floristic similarities - especially in their western ranges - due to past migration of species across the Strait of Gibraltar. Climatic variables could be shaping the spatial distribution of endemic species richness throughout the Baetic-Rifan hotspot. Determinants of spatial turnover in biodiversity in the Baetic-Rifan hotspot vary in importance between endemic and nonendemic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Molina-Venegas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla Apartado 1095, E-41080, Sevilla, Spain
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80
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Rodríguez V, Brown RP, Terrasa B, Pérez-Mellado V, Castro JA, Picornell A, Ramon MM. Multilocus genetic diversity and historical biogeography of the endemic wall lizard from Ibiza and Formentera,Podarcis pityusensis(Squamata: Lacertidae). Mol Ecol 2013; 22:4829-41. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Rodríguez
- Laboratori de Genètica; Universitat de les Illes Balears; 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - R. P. Brown
- School of Natural Sciences & Psychology; Liverpool John Moores University; L3 3AF Liverpool UK
| | - B. Terrasa
- Laboratori de Genètica; Universitat de les Illes Balears; 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - V. Pérez-Mellado
- Department of Animal Biology; Universidad de Salamanca; 37071 Salamanca Spain
| | - J. A. Castro
- Laboratori de Genètica; Universitat de les Illes Balears; 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - A. Picornell
- Laboratori de Genètica; Universitat de les Illes Balears; 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - M. M. Ramon
- Laboratori de Genètica; Universitat de les Illes Balears; 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
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81
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Milankov V, Ludoški J, Francuski L, Ståhls G, Vujić A. Genetic and phenotypic diversity patterns inMerodon albifrons Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Syrphidae): evidence of intraspecific spatial and temporal structuring. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Milankov
- Faculty of Sciences; Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2; 21000; Novi Sad; Serbia
| | - Jasmina Ludoški
- Faculty of Sciences; Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2; 21000; Novi Sad; Serbia
| | - Ljubinka Francuski
- Faculty of Sciences; Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2; 21000; Novi Sad; Serbia
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Finnish Museum of Natural History; University of Helsinki; PO Box 17; Helsinki; FIN-00014; Finland
| | - Ante Vujić
- Faculty of Sciences; Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2; 21000; Novi Sad; Serbia
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82
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Delogu M, Piredda I, Pintore A, Cabras P, Cotti C, Ghetti G, Raffini E, De Marco MA. Avian influenza and animal health risk: conservation of endemic threatened wild birds in Sardinia Island. Avian Dis 2013; 56:1034-9. [PMID: 23402132 DOI: 10.1637/10174-041012-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sardinia is a Mediterranean island with a long geological history, leading to a separation process from continental Europe during the Miocene. As a consequence, in this insular habitat some wild bird species developed endemic forms, some of which are currently threatened. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible animal health risk associated with a potential avian influenza virus (AIV) circulation in Sardinian wild bird populations. Overall, 147 cloacal swabs were sampled in the Sardinia region from June 2009 to September 2011. Samples were obtained from 12 taxonomic orders, including 16 families and 40 species of birds. Based on the endangered host status or on the ecology of the host-virus interaction, samples were categorized into three groups of species: 1) endemic, endangered, or both (17 species); 2) potential reservoir (21 species); and 3) potential spillover (two species). Cloacal swabs were tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR for influenza A virus matrix gene amplification. Forty-one serum samples were tested by nucleoprotein-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NP-ELISA) for antibodies against influenza A virus nucleoprotein and by hemagglutination inhibition assay for detection of seropositivity against H5 and H7 AIV subtypes. No cloacal swabs tested RT-PCR positive for AIV, whereas two weak seropositive results were detected by NP-ELISA in a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and in a yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis). The low or absent AIV circulation detected in Sardinia's wild birds during the study suggests a naïve status in these avian populations. These data provide new information on AIV circulation in Sardinia's wild birds that could be applied to implement conservation strategies for threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Delogu
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy.
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83
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Santos X, Rato C, Carranza S, Carretero MA, de la Vega JPG, Pleguezuelos JM. Morphology matches mtDNA lineages in the southern smooth snake (Coronella girondica) from Iberia. ZOOLOGY 2012; 115:398-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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84
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Velo-Antón G, Godinho R, Harris D, Santos X, Martínez-Freiria F, Fahd S, Larbes S, Pleguezuelos J, Brito J. Deep evolutionary lineages in a Western Mediterranean snake (Vipera latastei/monticola group) and high genetic structuring in Southern Iberian populations. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 65:965-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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85
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Bell CD, Mavrodiev EV, Soltis PS, Calaminus AK, Albach DC, Cellinese N, Garcia-Jacas N, Soltis DE. Rapid diversification ofTragopogonand ecological associates in Eurasia. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:2470-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Bell
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of New Orleans; New Orleans; LA; USA
| | | | - P. S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History; University of Florida; Gainesville; FL; USA
| | - A. K. Calaminus
- Department of Biology; University of Florida; Gainesville; FL; USA
| | - D. C. Albach
- AG Biodiversitat und Evolution der Pflanzen; Institut fur Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky-Universitat; Oldenburg; Germany
| | - N. Cellinese
- Florida Museum of Natural History; University of Florida; Gainesville; FL; USA
| | - N. Garcia-Jacas
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB - CSIC - ICUB); Barcelona; Spain
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86
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Pérez-Portela R, Almada V, Turon X. Cryptic speciation and genetic structure of widely distributed brittle stars (Ophiuroidea) in Europe. ZOOL SCR 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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87
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Faria R, Weiss S, Alexandrino P. Comparative phylogeography and demographic history of European shads (Alosa alosa and A. fallax) inferred from mitochondrial DNA. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:194. [PMID: 23020523 PMCID: PMC3523006 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Comparative broad-scale phylogeographic studies of aquatic organisms provide insights on biotic responses to the paleohydrological dynamics associated with climatic oscillations. These insights can be used to formulate a framework for understanding the evolutionary history of a species or closely related taxa as well as aid in predictive modeling of further responses to climate change. Anadromous fishes constitute interesting models for understanding the relative importance of environmental versus biological factors in shaping intraspecific genetic substructure on the interface between marine and freshwater realms. European shads, Alosa alosa and A. fallax are anadromous species that have persisted through historical large-scale environmental perturbations and now additionally face an array of anthropogenic challenges. A comprehensive phylogeographic investigation of these species is needed to provide insights on both the historical processes that have shaped their extant genetic structure and diversity, and the prospects for their future management and conservation. Results Despite introgressive hybridization, A. alosa and A. fallax are genetically divergent, congruent with previous studies. Three similarly divergent mtDNA clades were recognized within both A. fallax and A. alosa, most likely originating during common periods of isolation during the Pleistocene among the studied oceanographic regions. Periods of basin isolation apparently extended to the Black Sea as additional Alosa clades occur there. The present day geographic distribution of genetic diversity within European Alosa sp. suggests the existence of a strong but permeable barrier between the Atlantic and Mediterranean seas, as shown for a number of other aquatic species. Overall mtDNA diversity is considerably lower for A. alosa compared to A. fallax, suggesting that the former species is more sensitive to climatic as well as anthropogenic changes. For A. fallax, migration from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic was detected but not in the opposite direction, with colonization of the North Atlantic probably occurring after last glacial maximum. Conclusion The similar haplotype network topologies between the two species support a common intraspecific history of isolation. Despite these similarities, A. alosa and A. fallax have clearly responded differently to the hydrological dynamics of the Pleistocene, as reflected in their distinct demographic histories. As the species additionally occupy different ecological niches it should not be surprising that they differ in resilience to natural or human-mediated climatic changes. For A. fallax, it is further clear that its demographic response to large-scale hydrological events is not synchronized between the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins. These regional and species-specific differences should be incorporated into future predictive modeling of biological response to climate change as well as current management concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Faria
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
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88
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Barata M, Carranza S, Harris DJ. Extreme genetic diversity in the lizard Atlantolacerta andreanskyi (Werner, 1929): a montane cryptic species complex. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:167. [PMID: 22946997 PMCID: PMC3492105 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atlantolacerta andreanskyi is an enigmatic lacertid lizard that, according to the most recent molecular analyses, belongs to the tribe Eremiadini, family Lacertidae. It is a mountain specialist, restricted to areas above 2400 m of the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco with apparently no connection between the different populations. In order to investigate its phylogeography, 92 specimens of A. andreanskyi were analyzed from eight different populations across the distribution range of the species for up to 1108 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA (12S, ND4 and flanking tRNA-His) and 2585 base pairs of nuclear DNA including five loci (PDC, ACM4, C-MOS, RAG1, MC1R). RESULTS The results obtained with both concatenated and coalescent approaches and clustering methods, clearly show that all the populations analyzed present a very high level of genetic differentiation for the mitochondrial markers used and are also generally differentiated at the nuclear level. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that A. andreanskyi is an additional example of a montane species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Barata
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos. Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4099-002, Portugal
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona, E-08003, Spain
| | - Salvador Carranza
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona, E-08003, Spain
| | - D James Harris
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos. Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4099-002, Portugal
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89
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Buerki S, Jose S, Yadav SR, Goldblatt P, Manning JC, Forest F. Contrasting biogeographic and diversification patterns in two Mediterranean-type ecosystems. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39377. [PMID: 22745743 PMCID: PMC3379972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The five Mediterranean regions of the world comprise almost 50,000 plant species (ca 20% of the known vascular plants) despite accounting for less than 5% of the world's land surface. The ecology and evolutionary history of two of these regions, the Cape Floristic Region and the Mediterranean Basin, have been extensively investigated, but there have been few studies aimed at understanding the historical relationships between them. Here, we examine the biogeographic and diversification processes that shaped the evolution of plant diversity in the Cape and the Mediterranean Basin using a large plastid data set for the geophyte family Hyacinthaceae (comprising ca. 25% of the total diversity of the group), a group found mainly throughout Africa and Eurasia. Hyacinthaceae is a predominant group in the Cape and the Mediterranean Basin both in terms of number of species and their morphological and ecological variability. Using state-of-the-art methods in biogeography and diversification, we found that the Old World members of the family originated in sub-Saharan Africa at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary and that the two Mediterranean regions both have high diversification rates, but contrasting biogeographic histories. While the Cape diversity has been greatly influenced by its relationship with sub-Saharan Africa throughout the history of the family, the Mediterranean Basin had no connection with the latter after the onset of the Mediterranean climate in the region and the aridification of the Sahara. The Mediterranean Basin subsequently contributed significantly to the diversity of neighbouring areas, especially Northern Europe and the Middle East, whereas the Cape can be seen as a biogeographical cul-de-sac, with only a few dispersals toward sub-Saharan Africa. The understanding of the evolutionary history of these two important repositories of biodiversity would benefit from the application of the framework developed here to other groups of plants present in the two regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Buerki
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jose
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Goldblatt
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - John C. Manning
- Compton Herbarium, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Claremont, South Africa
| | - Félix Forest
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
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90
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The smaller vesicomyid bivalves in the genus Isorropodon (Bivalvia, Vesicomyidae, Pliocardiinae) also harbour chemoautotrophic symbionts. Symbiosis 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-012-0168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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91
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MACAYA-SANZ D, HEUERTZ M, LÓPEZ-de-HEREDIA U, De-LUCAS AI, HIDALGO E, MAESTRO C, PRADA A, ALÍA R, GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍNEZ SC. The Atlantic-Mediterranean watershed, river basins and glacial history shape the genetic structure of Iberian poplars. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:3593-609. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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92
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Ávila SP, Goud J, de Frias Martins AM. Patterns of diversity of the Rissoidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean region. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:164890. [PMID: 22693430 PMCID: PMC3366234 DOI: 10.1100/2012/164890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The geographical distribution of the Rissoidae in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea was compiled and is up-to-date until July 2011. All species were classified according to their mode of larval development (planktotrophic and nonplanktotrophic), and bathymetrical zonation (shallow species--those living between the intertidal and 50 m depth, and deep species--those usually living below 50 m depth). 542 species of Rissoidae are presently reported to the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to 33 genera. The Mediterranean Sea is the most diverse site, followed by Canary Islands, Caribbean, Portugal, and Cape Verde. The Mediterranean and Cape Verde Islands are the sites with higher numbers of endemic species, with predominance of Alvania spp. in the first site, and of Alvania and Schwartziella at Cape Verde. In spite of the large number of rissoids at Madeira archipelago, a large number of species are shared with Canaries, Selvagens, and the Azores, thus only about 8% are endemic to the Madeira archipelago. Most of the 542-rissoid species that live in the Atlantic and in the Mediterranean are shallow species (323), 110 are considered as deep species, and 23 species are reported in both shallow and deep waters. There is a predominance of nonplanktotrophs in islands, seamounts, and at high and medium latitudes. This pattern is particularly evident in the genera Crisilla, Manzonia, Onoba, Porosalvania, Schwartziella, and Setia. Planktotrophic species are more abundant in the eastern Atlantic and in the Mediterranean Sea. The results of the analysis of the probable directions of faunal flows support the patterns found by both the Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity and the geographical distribution. Four main source areas for rissoids emerge: Mediterranean, Caribbean, Canaries/Madeira archipelagos, and the Cape Verde archipelago. We must stress the high percentage of endemics that occurs in the isolated islands of Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha, Cape Verde archipelago and also the Azores, thus reinforcing the legislative protective actions that the local governments have implemented in these islands during the recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio P Ávila
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal.
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93
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Santos X, Rato C, Carranza S, Carretero MA, Pleguezuelos JM. Complex phylogeography in the Southern Smooth Snake (Coronella girondica) supported by mtDNA sequences. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2012.00663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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94
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Rubio-Moraga A, Candel-Perez D, Lucas-Borja ME, Tiscar PA, Viñegla B, Linares JC, Gómez-Gómez L, Ahrazem O. Genetic diversity of Pinus nigra Arn. populations in Southern Spain and Northern Morocco revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:5645-5658. [PMID: 22754321 PMCID: PMC3382789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13055645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight Pinus nigra Arn. populations from Southern Spain and Northern Morocco were examined using inter-simple sequence repeat markers to characterize the genetic variability amongst populations. Pair-wise population genetic distance ranged from 0.031 to 0.283, with a mean of 0.150 between populations. The highest inter-population average distance was between PaCU from Cuenca and YeCA from Cazorla, while the lowest distance was between TaMO from Morocco and MA Sierra Mágina populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and Nei’s genetic diversity analyses revealed higher genetic variation within the same population than among different populations. Genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.233. Cuenca showed the highest Nei’s genetic diversity followed by the Moroccan region, Sierra Mágina, and Cazorla region. However, clustering of populations was not in accordance with their geographical locations. Principal component analysis showed the presence of two major groups—Group 1 contained all populations from Cuenca while Group 2 contained populations from Cazorla, Sierra Mágina and Morocco—while Bayesian analysis revealed the presence of three clusters. The low genetic diversity observed in PaCU and YeCA is probably a consequence of inappropriate management since no estimation of genetic variability was performed before the silvicultural treatments. Data indicates that the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) method is sufficiently informative and powerful to assess genetic variability among populations of P. nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rubio-Moraga
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Science and Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Botany, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete, E-02071, Spain; E-Mails: (A.R.-M.); (L.G.-G.)
| | - David Candel-Perez
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Science and Genetics. ETSIA, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete, E-02071, Spain; E-Mails: (D.C.-P.); (M.E.L.-B.)
| | - Manuel E. Lucas-Borja
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Science and Genetics. ETSIA, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete, E-02071, Spain; E-Mails: (D.C.-P.); (M.E.L.-B.)
| | - Pedro A. Tiscar
- Training Center and Experimental Forestry, Cazorla, E-23470, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Benjamin Viñegla
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén (B3-158), Campus Las Lagunillas, s/n E-23009, Jaén, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Juan C. Linares
- Department of Physical Systems, Chemical and Natural Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. Utrera km. 1, Sevilla, E-41002, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Science and Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Botany, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete, E-02071, Spain; E-Mails: (A.R.-M.); (L.G.-G.)
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Science and Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Botany, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete, E-02071, Spain; E-Mails: (A.R.-M.); (L.G.-G.)
- Albacete Science and Technology Park, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete, E-02071, Spain
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-967599200; Fax: +34-967599238
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Vanschoenwinkel B, Pinceel T, Vanhove MPM, Denis C, Jocque M, Timms BV, Brendonck L. Toward a global phylogeny of the "living fossil" crustacean order of the Notostraca. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34998. [PMID: 22529967 PMCID: PMC3329532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tadpole shrimp (Crustacea, Notostraca) are iconic inhabitants of temporary aquatic habitats worldwide. Often cited as prime examples of evolutionary stasis, surviving representatives closely resemble fossils older than 200 mya, suggestive of an ancient origin. Despite significant interest in the group as 'living fossils' the taxonomy of surviving taxa is still under debate and both the phylogenetic relationships among different lineages and the timing of diversification remain unclear. We constructed a molecular phylogeny of the Notostraca using model based phylogenetic methods. Our analyses supported the monophyly of the two genera Triops and Lepidurus, although for Triops support was weak. Results also revealed high levels of cryptic diversity as well as a peculiar biogeographic link between Australia and North America presumably mediated by historic long distance dispersal. We concluded that, although some present day tadpole shrimp species closely resemble fossil specimens as old as 250 mya, no molecular support was found for an ancient (pre) Mesozoic radiation. Instead, living tadpole shrimp are most likely the result of a relatively recent radiation in the Cenozoic era and close resemblances between recent and fossil taxa are probably the result of the highly conserved general morphology in this group and of homoplasy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Vanschoenwinkel
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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LLORENTE GUSTAVOA, VIDAL-GARCÍA MARTA, GARRIGA NÚRIA, CARRANZA SALVADOR, PLEGUEZUELOS JUANM, SANTOS XAVIER. Lessons from a complex biogeographical scenario: morphological characters match mitochondrial lineages within Iberian Coronella austriaca (Reptilia: Colubridae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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97
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Mayol M, Palau C, Rosselló JA, González-Martínez SC, Molins A, Riba M. Patterns of genetic variability and habitat occupancy in Crepis triasii (Asteraceae) at different spatial scales: insights on evolutionary processes leading to diversification in continental islands. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 109:429-41. [PMID: 22167790 PMCID: PMC3268543 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Archipelagos are unique systems for studying evolutionary processes promoting diversification and speciation. The islands of the Mediterranean basin are major areas of plant richness, including a high proportion of narrow endemics. Many endemic plants are currently found in rocky habitats, showing varying patterns of habitat occupancy at different spatial scales throughout their range. The aim of the present study was to understand the impact of varying patterns of population distribution on genetic diversity and structure to shed light on demographic and evolutionary processes leading to population diversification in Crepis triasii, an endemic plant from the eastern Balearic Islands. METHODS Using allozyme and chloroplast markers, we related patterns of genetic structure and diversity to those of habitat occupancy at a regional (between islands and among populations within islands) and landscape (population size and connectivity) scale. KEY RESULTS Genetic diversity was highly structured both at the regional and at the landscape level, and was positively correlated with population connectivity in the landscape. Populations located in small isolated mountains and coastal areas, with restricted patterns of regional occupancy, were genetically less diverse and much more differentiated. In addition, more isolated populations had stronger fine-scale genetic structure than well-connected ones. Changes in habitat availability and quality arising from marine transgressions during the Quaternary, as well as progressive fragmentation associated with the aridification of the climate since the last glaciation, are the most plausible factors leading to the observed patterns of genetic diversity and structure. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasize the importance of gene flow in preventing genetic erosion and maintaining the evolutionary potential of populations. They also agree with recent studies highlighting the importance of restricted gene flow and genetic drift as drivers of plant evolution in Mediterranean continental islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mayol
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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98
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Rato C, Carranza S, Harris DJ. Evolutionary history of the genus Tarentola (Gekkota: Phyllodactylidae) from the Mediterranean Basin, estimated using multilocus sequence data. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:14. [PMID: 22289419 PMCID: PMC3298722 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pronounced morphological conservatism within Tarentola geckos contrasted with a high genetic variation in North Africa, has led to the hypothesis that this group could represent a cryptic species complex, a challenging system to study especially when trying to define distinct evolutionary entities and address biogeographic hypotheses. In the present work we have re-examined the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships between and within all Mediterranean species of Tarentola, placing the genealogies obtained into a temporal framework. In order to do this, we have investigated the sequence variation of two mitochondrial (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), and four nuclear markers (ACM4, PDC, MC1R, and RAG2) for 384 individuals of all known Mediterranean Tarentola species, so that their evolutionary history could be assessed. Results Of all three generated genealogies (combined mtDNA, combined nDNA, and mtDNA+nDNA) we prefer the phylogenetic relationships obtained when all genetic markers are combined. A total of 133 individuals, and 2,901 bp of sequence length, were used in this analysis. The phylogeny obtained for Tarentola presents deep branches, with T. annularis, T. ephippiata and T. chazaliae occupying a basal position and splitting from the remaining species around 15.38 Mya. Tarentola boehmei is sister to all other Mediterranean species, from which it split around 11.38 Mya. There are also two other major groups: 1) the T. mauritanica complex present in North Africa and Europe; and 2) the clade formed by the T. fascicularis/deserti complex, T. neglecta and T. mindiae, occurring only in North Africa. The cladogenesis between these two groups occurred around 8.69 Mya, coincident with the late Miocene. Contrary to what was initially proposed, T. neglecta and T. mindiae are sister taxa to both T. fascicularis and T. deserti. Conclusions At least in the Iberian Peninsula and Northwest Africa, the lineages obtained have some geographic coherency, whilst the evolutionary history of the forms from Northeast Africa remains unclear, with a paraphyletic T. fascicularis with respect to T. deserti. The separation between the T. mauritanica complex and the clade formed by the T. fascicularis/deserti complex, T. neglecta and T. mindiae is coincident with the uplift of the Atlas Mountain chain, and the establishment of two distinct bioclimatic regions on each side of the barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Rato
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Portugal.
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99
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Garcia-Castellanos D, Villaseñor A. Messinian salinity crisis regulated by competing tectonics and erosion at the Gibraltar arc. Nature 2011; 480:359-63. [PMID: 22170684 DOI: 10.1038/nature10651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Messinian salinity crisis (5.96 to 5.33 million years ago) was caused by reduced water inflow from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea resulting in widespread salt precipitation and a decrease in Mediterranean sea level of about 1.5 kilometres due to evaporation. The reduced connectivity between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean at the time of the salinity crisis is thought to have resulted from tectonic uplift of the Gibraltar arc seaway and global sea-level changes, both of which control the inflow of water required to compensate for the hydrological deficit of the Mediterranean. However, the different timescales on which tectonic uplift and changes in sea level occur are difficult to reconcile with the long duration of the shallow connection between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic needed to explain the large amount of salt precipitated. Here we use numerical modelling to show that seaway erosion caused by the Atlantic inflow could sustain such a shallow connection between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean by counteracting tectonic uplift. The erosion and uplift rates required are consistent with previous mountain erosion studies, with the present altitude of marine sediments in the Gibraltar arc and with geodynamic models suggesting a lithospheric slab tear underneath the region. The moderate Mediterranean sea-level drawdown during the early stages of the Messinian salinity crisis can be explained by an uplift of a few millimetres per year counteracted by similar rates of erosion due to Atlantic inflow. Our findings suggest that the competition between uplift and erosion can result in harmonic coupling between erosion and the Mediterranean sea level, providing an alternative mechanism for the cyclicity observed in early salt precipitation deposits and calling into question previous ideas regarding the timing of the events that occurred during the Messinian salinity crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Garcia-Castellanos
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra Jaume Almera, CSIC, Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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100
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Mráz P, Garcia-Jacas N, Gex-Fabry E, Susanna A, Barres L, Müller-Schärer H. Allopolyploid origin of highly invasive Centaurea stoebe s.l. (Asteraceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 62:612-23. [PMID: 22126902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) occurs from Western Asia to Western Europe both as diploid and tetraploid cytotypes, predominantly in single-cytotype populations with higher frequency of diploid populations. Interestingly, only tetraploids have been recorded so far from its introduced range in North America where they became highly invasive. We performed phylogenetic and network analyses of more than 40 accessions of the C. stoebe and C. paniculata groups and other related taxa using cloned internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and sequences of the chloroplast trnT-trnL and atpBrbcL regions to (i) assess the evolutionary origin of tetraploid C. stoebe s.l., and (ii) uncover the phylogeny of the C. stoebe group. Both issues have not been studied so far and thus remained controversial. Cloned ITS sequences showed the presence of two slightly divergent ribotypes occurring in tetraploid cytotype, while only one major ribotype was present in diploid C. stoebe s.str. This pattern suggests an allopolyploid origin of tetraploids with contribution of the diploid C. stoebe s.str. genome. Although we were not able to detect the second parental taxon, we hypothesize that hybridization might have triggered important changes in morphology and life history traits, which in turn may explain the colonization success of the tetraploid taxon. Bayesian relaxed clock estimations indicate a relatively recent--Pleistocene origin of the tetraploid C. stoebe s.l. Furthermore, our analyses showed a deep split between the C. paniculata and C. stoebe groups, and a young diversification of the taxa within the C. stoebe group. In contrast to nrDNA analyses, the observed pattern based on two cpDNA regions was inconclusive with respect to the origin and phylogeny of the studied taxa, most likely due to shared ancient polymorphism and frequent homoplasies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Mráz
- Department of Biology, Unit of Ecology & Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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