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Spoerri PM, Strohmeyer N, Sun Z, Fässler R, Müller DJ. Protease-activated receptor signalling initiates α 5β 1-integrin-mediated adhesion in non-haematopoietic cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:218-226. [PMID: 31959953 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic cells and platelets employ G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to sense extracellular information and respond by initiating integrin-mediated adhesion. So far, such processes have not been demonstrated in non-haematopoietic cells. Here, we report that the activation of protease-activated receptors PAR1 and PAR2 induce multiple signalling pathways to establish α5β1-integrin-mediated adhesion. First, PARs signal via Gβγ and PI3K to α5β1-integrins to adopt a talin- and kindlin-dependent high-affinity conformation, which triggers fibronectin binding and initiates cell adhesion. Then, within 60 s, PARs signal via Gα13, Gαi, ROCK and Src to strengthen the α5β1-integrin-mediated adhesion. Furthermore, PAR signalling changes the abundance of numerous proteins in the adhesome assembled by α5β1-integrins, including Gα13, vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36, and band 4.1-like protein 4B or 5, and accelerates cell adhesion maturation, spreading and migration. The mechanistic insights describe how agonist binding to PAR employs GPCR and integrin-signalling pathways to initiate and regulate adhesion and to guide physiological responses of non-haematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia M Spoerri
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nico Strohmeyer
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhiqi Sun
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland.
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52
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Li C, Ao H, Chen G, Wang F, Li F. The Interaction of CDH20 With β-Catenin Inhibits Cervical Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion via TGF-β/Smad/SNAIL Mediated EMT. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1481. [PMID: 31998642 PMCID: PMC6962355 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated cadherin 20 (CDH20) is a novel identified cadherin that is genetically altered in several types of human cancer, including cervical cancer. However, its involvement in the progression of cervical cancer remains unknown. In this study, we show that CDH20 was downregulated in clinical cervical cancer samples and its expression correlated with cervical cancer clinical features. CDH20 negatively regulated the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. CDH20 increased the expression and promoted the cytoplasm and membrane translocation of β-catenin, and interacted with β-catenin. Mechanistically, CDH20/β-catenin suppressed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by downregulating Snail through reducing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3. Taken together, our data suggest that CDH20 may act as a tumor suppressor that interacts with β-catenin to inhibit cervical cancer cell migration and invasion via TGF-β/Smad/Snail mediated EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongfeng Ao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofang Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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53
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Puzzi L, Borin D, Gurha P, Lombardi R, Martinelli V, Weiss M, Andolfi L, Lazzarino M, Mestroni L, Marian AJ, Sbaizero O. Knock Down of Plakophillin 2 Dysregulates Adhesion Pathway through Upregulation of miR200b and Alters the Mechanical Properties in Cardiac Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121639. [PMID: 31847412 PMCID: PMC6952926 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mutations in genes encoding intercalated disk/desmosome proteins, such as plakophilin 2 (PKP2), cause arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Desmosomes are responsible for myocyte–myocyte attachment and maintaining mechanical integrity of the myocardium. Methods: We knocked down Pkp2 in HL-1 mouse atrial cardiomyocytes (HL-1Pkp2-shRNA) and characterized their biomechanical properties. Gene expression was analyzed by RNA-Sequencing, microarray, and qPCR. Immunofluorescence was used to detect changes in cytoskeleton and focal adhesion. Antagomirs were used to knock down expression of selected microRNA (miR) in the rescue experiments. Results: Knockdown of Pkp2 was associated with decreased cardiomyocyte stiffness and work of detachment, and increased plasticity index. Altered mechanical properties were associated with impaired actin cytoskeleton in HL-1Pkp2-shRNA cells. Analysis of differentially expressed genes identified focal adhesion and actin cytoskeleton amongst the most dysregulated pathways, and miR200 family (a, b, and 429) as the most upregulated miRs in HL-1Pkp2-shRNA cells. Knockdown of miR-200b but not miR-200a, miR-429, by sequence-specific shRNAs partially rescued integrin-α1 (Itga1) levels, actin organization, cell adhesion (on collagen), and stiffness. Conclusions: PKP2 deficiency alters cardiomyocytes adhesion through a mechanism that involves upregulation of miR-200b and suppression of Itga1 expression. These findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of altered mechanosensing in ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Puzzi
- Engineering and Architecture Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniele Borin
- Engineering and Architecture Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Priyatansh Gurha
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Centre and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.G.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Raffaella Lombardi
- Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Valentina Martinelli
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Marek Weiss
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Laura Andolfi
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (L.A.); (M.L.)
| | - Marco Lazzarino
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (L.A.); (M.L.)
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Ali J. Marian
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Centre and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.G.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Engineering and Architecture Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.P.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-040-558-3770
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54
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Paddillaya N, Mishra A, Kondaiah P, Pullarkat P, Menon GI, Gundiah N. Biophysics of Cell-Substrate Interactions Under Shear. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:251. [PMID: 31781558 PMCID: PMC6857480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells adhere to substrates through mechanosensitive focal adhesion complexes. Measurements that probe how cells detach from substrates when they experience an applied force connect molecular-scale aspects of cell adhesion with the biophysical properties of adherent cells. Such forces can be applied through shear devices that flow fluid in a controlled manner across cells. The signaling pathways associated with focal adhesions, in particular those that involve integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases, are complex, receiving mechano-chemical feedback from the sensing of substrate stiffness as well as of external forces. This article reviews the signaling processes involved in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction during cell-substrate interactions, describing the role such signaling plays in cancer metastasis. We examine some recent progress in quantifying the strength of these interactions, describing a novel fluid shear device that allows for the visualization of the cell and its sub-cellular structures under a shear flow. We also summarize related results from a biophysical model for cellular de-adhesion induced by applied forces. Quantifying cell-substrate adhesions under shear should aid in the development of mechano-diagnostic techniques for diseases in which cell-adhesion is mis-regulated, such as cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Paddillaya
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ashish Mishra
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Pramod Pullarkat
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Gautam I Menon
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Physics, Ashoka University, Sonepat, India
| | - Namrata Gundiah
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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55
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Erusappan P, Alam J, Lu N, Zeltz C, Gullberg D. Integrin α11 cytoplasmic tail is required for FAK activation to initiate 3D cell invasion and ERK-mediated cell proliferation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15283. [PMID: 31653900 PMCID: PMC6814791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin α11β1 is a collagen-binding integrin, which is receiving increasing attention in the context of wound healing and fibrosis. Although α11β1 integrin displays similar collagen specificity to α2β1 integrin, both integrins have distinct in vivo functions. In this context, the contribution of α11 subunit cytoplasmic tail interactions to diverse molecular signals and biological functions is largely unknown. In the current study, we have deleted the α11 cytoplasmic tail and studied the effect of this deletion on α11 integrin function. Compared to wild-type cells, C2C12 cells expressing tail-less α11 attached normally to collagen I, but formed fewer focal contacts. α11-tail-less cells furthermore displayed a reduced capacity to invade and reorganize a 3D collagen matrix and to proliferate. Analysis of cell signaling showed that FAK and ERK phosphorylation was reduced in cells expressing tail-less α11. Inhibition of ERK and FAK activation decreased α11-mediated cell proliferation, whereas α11-mediated cell invasion was FAK-dependent and occurred independently of ERK signaling. In summary, our data demonstrate that the integrin α11 cytoplasmic tail plays a central role in α11 integrin-specific functions, including FAK-dependent ERK activation to promote cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pugazendhi Erusappan
- Department of Biomedicine and Center of Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009, Bergen, Norway.,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jahedul Alam
- Department of Biomedicine and Center of Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Biomedicine and Center of Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cédric Zeltz
- Department of Biomedicine and Center of Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009, Bergen, Norway.,Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Donald Gullberg
- Department of Biomedicine and Center of Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009, Bergen, Norway.
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56
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Viela F, Speziale P, Pietrocola G, Dufrêne YF. Mechanostability of the Fibrinogen Bridge between Staphylococcal Surface Protein ClfA and Endothelial Cell Integrin α Vβ 3. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7400-7410. [PMID: 31532212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Binding of the Staphylococcus aureus surface protein clumping factor A (ClfA) to endothelial cell integrin αVβ3 plays a crucial role during sepsis, by causing endothelial cell apoptosis and loss of barrier integrity. ClfA uses the blood plasma protein fibrinogen (Fg) to bind to αVβ3 but how this is achieved at the molecular level is not known. Here we investigate the mechanical strength of the three-component ClfA-Fg-αVβ3 interaction on living bacteria, by means of single-molecule experiments. We find that the ClfA-Fg-αVβ3 ternary complex is extremely stable, being able to sustain forces (∼800 pN) that are much stronger than those of classical bonds between integrins and the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptide sequence (∼100 pN). Adhesion forces between single bacteria and αVβ3 are strongly inhibited by an anti-αVβ3 antibody, the RGD peptide, and the cyclic RGD peptide cilengitide, showing that formation of the complex involves RGD-dependent binding sites and can be efficiently inhibited by αVβ3 blockers. Collectively, our experiments favor a binding mechanism involving the extraordinary elasticity of Fg. In the absence of mechanical stress, RGD572-574 sequences in the Aα chains mediate weak binding to αVβ3, whereas under high mechanical stress exposure of cryptic Aα chain RGD95-97 sequences leads to extremely strong binding to the integrin. Our results identify an unexpected and previously undescribed force-dependent binding mechanism between ClfA and αVβ3 on endothelial cells, which could represent a potential target to fight staphylococcal bloodstream infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Viela
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry , University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli 3/b , 27100 Pavia , Italy
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering , University of Pavia , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry , University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli 3/b , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) , 1300 Wavre , Belgium
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57
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Lecarpentier Y, Kindler V, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Sakic A, Claes V, Hébert JL, Vallée A, Schussler O. Tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) modifies the molecular mechanical properties of the non-muscle myosin IIA in human bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts seeded in a collagen scaffold. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222683. [PMID: 31574082 PMCID: PMC6772000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from human bone marrow and amplified in cultures supplemented with human platelet lysate in order to generate myofibroblasts. When MSCs were seeded in solid collagen scaffolds, they differentiated into myofibroblasts that were observed to strongly bind to the substrate, forming a 3D cell scaffold network that developed tension and shortening after KCl stimulation. Moreover, MSC-laden scaffolds recapitulated the Frank-Starling mechanism so that active tension increased in response to increases in the initial length of the contractile system. This constituted a bioengineering tissue that exhibited the contractile properties observed in both striated and smooth muscles. By using the A. F. Huxley formalism, we determined the myosin crossbridge (CB) kinetics of attachment (f1) and detachment (g1 and g2), maximum myosin ATPase activity, molar myosin concentration, unitary CB force and maximum CB efficiency. CB kinetics were dramatically slow, characterizing the non-muscle myosin type IIA (NMMIIA) present in myofibroblasts. When MSCs were seeded in solid collagen scaffolds functionalized with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), contractility increased and CB kinetics were modified, whereas the unitary NMMIIA-CB force and maximum CB efficiency did not change. In conclusion, we provided a non-muscle bioengineering tissue whose molecular mechanical characteristics of NMMIIA were very close to those of a non-muscle contractile tissue such as the human placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien, Meaux, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Vincent Kindler
- Department of Specialties in Medicine, Hematology Service, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Luce Bochaton-Piallat
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonija Sakic
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victor Claes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Hébert
- Institut de Cardiologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Vallée
- Paris-Descartes University, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris, France
- DRCI (Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et Industrielle) Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Olivier Schussler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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58
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Stefanelli VL, Choudhury S, Hu P, Liu Y, Schwenzer A, Yeh CR, Chambers DM, von Beck K, Li W, Segura T, Midwood KS, Torres M, Barker TH. Citrullination of fibronectin alters integrin clustering and focal adhesion stability promoting stromal cell invasion. Matrix Biol 2019; 82:86-104. [PMID: 31004743 PMCID: PMC7168757 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment is increasingly implicated in the instruction of pathologically relevant cell behaviors, from aberrant transdifferentation to invasion and beyond. Indeed, pathologic ECMs possess a panoply of alterations that provide deleterious instructions to resident cells. Here we demonstrate the precise manner in which the ECM protein fibronectin (FN) undergoes the posttranslational modification citrullination in response to peptidyl-arginine deiminase (PAD), an enzyme associated with innate immune cell activity and implicated in systemic ECM-centric diseases, like cancer, fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. FN can be citrullinated in at least 24 locations, 5 of which reside in FN's primary cell-binding domain. Citrullination of FN alters integrin clustering and focal adhesion stability with a concomitant enhancement in force-triggered integrin signaling along the FAK-Src and ILK-Parvin pathways within fibroblasts. In vitro migration and in vivo wound healing studies demonstrate the ability of citrullinated FN to support a more migratory/invasive phenotype that enables more rapid wound closure. These findings highlight the potential of ECM, particularly FN, to "record" inflammatory insults via post-translational modification by inflammation-associated enzymes that are subsequently "read" by resident tissue fibroblasts, establishing a direct link between inflammation and tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis through the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Hu
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | | | | | | | - Dwight M. Chambers
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA,Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | | | - Wei Li
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
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59
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Osmani N, Follain G, García León MJ, Lefebvre O, Busnelli I, Larnicol A, Harlepp S, Goetz JG. Metastatic Tumor Cells Exploit Their Adhesion Repertoire to Counteract Shear Forces during Intravascular Arrest. Cell Rep 2019; 28:2491-2500.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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60
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Multivalent Binding of a Ligand-Coated Particle: Role of Shape, Size, and Ligand Heterogeneity. Biophys J 2019; 114:1830-1846. [PMID: 29694862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We utilize a multiscale modeling framework to study the effect of shape, size, and ligand composition on the efficacy of binding of a ligand-coated particle to a substrate functionalized with the target receptors. First, we show how molecular dynamics along with steered molecular dynamics calculations can be used to accurately parameterize the molecular-binding free energy and the effective spring constant for a receptor-ligand pair. We demonstrate this for two ligands that bind to the α5β1-domain of integrin. Next, we show how these effective potentials can be used to build computational models at the meso- and continuum-scales. These models incorporate the molecular nature of the receptor-ligand interactions and yet provide an inexpensive route to study the multivalent interaction of receptors and ligands through the construction of Bell potentials customized to the molecular identities. We quantify the binding efficacy of the ligand-coated-particle in terms of its multivalency, binding free-energy landscape, and the losses in the configurational entropies. We show that 1) the binding avidity for particle sizes less than 350 nm is set by the competition between the enthalpic and entropic contributions, whereas that for sizes above 350 nm is dominated by the enthalpy of binding; 2) anisotropic particles display higher levels of multivalent binding compared to those of spherical particles; and 3) variations in ligand composition can alter binding avidity without altering the average multivalency. The methods and results presented here have wide applications in the rational design of functionalized carriers and also in understanding cell adhesion.
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61
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Edwards DN, Bix GJ. The Inflammatory Response After Ischemic Stroke: Targeting β 2 and β 1 Integrins. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:540. [PMID: 31191232 PMCID: PMC6546847 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability with limited therapeutic options. Resulting inflammatory mechanisms after reperfusion (removal of the thrombus) result in cytokine activation, calcium influx, and leukocytic infiltration to the area of ischemia. In particular, leukocytes migrate toward areas of inflammation by use of integrins, particularly integrins β1 and β2. Integrins have been shown to be necessary for leukocyte adhesion and migration, and thus are of immediate interest in many inflammatory diseases, including ischemic stroke. In this review, we identify the main integrins involved in leukocytic migration following stroke (α L β2, αDβ2, α4β1, and α5β1) and targeted clinical therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N. Edwards
- Sanders–Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Gregory J. Bix
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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62
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Tian J, Shan J, Hu Y, Zhai Y, Guo J. Talin promotes integrin activation accompanied by generation of tension in talin and an increase in osmotic pressure in neurite outgrowth. FASEB J 2019; 33:6311-6326. [PMID: 30768370 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801949rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal polarization depends on the interaction of intracellular chemical and mechanical activities in which the cytoplasmic protein, talin, plays a pivotal role during neurite growth. To better understand the mechanism underlying talin function in neuronal polarization, we overexpressed several truncated forms of talin and found that the presence of the rod domain within the overexpressed talin is required for its positive effect on neurite elongation because the neurite number only increased when the talin head region was overexpressed. The tension in the talin rod was recognized using a Förster resonance energy transfer-based tension probe. Nerve growth factor treatment resulted in inward tension of talin elicited by microfilament force and outward osmotic pressure. By contrast, the glial scar-inhibitor aggrecan weakened these forces, suggesting that interactions between inward pull forces in the talin rod and outward osmotic pressure participate in neuronal polarization. Integrin activation is also involved in up-regulation of talin tension and osmotic pressure. Aggrecan stimuli resulted in up-regulation of docking protein 1 (DOK1), leading to the down-regulation of integrin activity and attenuation of the intracellular mechanical force. Our study suggests interactions between the intracellular inward tension in talin and the outward osmotic pressure as the effective channel for promoting neurite outgrowth, which can be up-regulated by integrin activation and down-regulated by DOK1.-Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Tian, J., Shan, J., Hu, Y., Zhai, Y., Guo, J. Talin promotes integrin activation accompanied by generation of tension in talin and an increase in osmotic pressure in neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drugs for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drugs for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jilai Tian
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drugs for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drugs for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqian Zhai
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drugs for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drugs for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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63
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Integrin activation by talin, kindlin and mechanical forces. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:25-31. [PMID: 30602766 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are the major family of adhesion molecules that mediate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. They are essential for embryonic development and influence numerous diseases, including inflammation, cancer cell invasion and metastasis. In this Perspective, we discuss the current understanding of how talin, kindlin and mechanical forces regulate integrin affinity and avidity, and how integrin inactivators function in this framework.
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Diaz C, Neubauer S, Rechenmacher F, Kessler H, Missirlis D. Recruitment of integrin ανβ3 to integrin α5β1-induced clusters enables focal adhesion maturation and cell spreading. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:jcs.232702. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The major fibronectin (FN) binding integrins α5β1 and αvβ3 exhibit cooperativity during cell adhesion, migration and mechanosensing, through mechanisms that are not yet fully resolved. Exploiting mechanically-tunable, nano-patterned substrates, and peptidomimetic ligands designed to selectively bind corresponding integrins, we report that focal adhesions (FAs) of endothelial cells assembled on integrin α5β1-selective substrates, rapidly recruit αvβ3 integrins, but not vice versa. Blocking of integrin αvβ3 hindered FA maturation and cell spreading on α5β1-selective substrates, indicating a mechanism dependent on extracellular ligand binding and highlighting the requirement of αvβ3 engagement for efficient adhesion. Recruitment of αvβ3 integrins additionally occurred on hydrogel substrates of varying mechanical properties, above a threshold stiffness supporting FA formation. Mechanistic studies revealed the need for soluble factors present in serum to allow recruitment, and excluded exogenous, or endogenous, FN as the responsible ligand for integrin αvβ3 accumulation to adhesion clusters. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism of integrin co-operation and the critical role for αvβ3 integrins in promoting cell adhesion on α5β1-selective substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Diaz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research; postal address: Jahnstr. 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University; postal address: INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Neubauer
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München; postal address: Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Rechenmacher
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München; postal address: Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München; postal address: Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Dimitris Missirlis
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research; postal address: Jahnstr. 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University; postal address: INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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65
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Simsa R, Vila XM, Salzer E, Teuschl A, Jenndahl L, Bergh N, Fogelstrand P. Effect of fluid dynamics on decellularization efficacy and mechanical properties of blood vessels. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220743. [PMID: 31381614 PMCID: PMC6682308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularization of blood vessels is a promising approach to generate native biomaterials for replacement of diseased vessels. The decellularization process affects the mechanical properties of the vascular graft and thus can have a negative impact for in vivo functionality. The aim of this study was to determine how detergents under different fluid dynamics affects decellularization efficacy and mechanical properties of the vascular graft. We applied a protocol utilizing 1% TritonX, 1% Tributyl phosphate (TnBP) and DNase on porcine vena cava. The detergents were applied to the vessels under different conditions; static, agitation and perfusion with 3 different perfusion rates (25, 100 and 400 mL/min). The decellularized grafts were analyzed with histological, immunohistochemical and mechanical tests. We found that decellularization efficacy was equal in all groups, however the luminal ultrastructure of the static group showed remnant cell debris and the 400 mL/min perfusion group showed local damage and tearing of the luminal surface. The mechanical stiffness and maximum tensile strength were not influenced by the detergent application method. In conclusion, our results indicate that agitation or low-velocity perfusion with detergents are preferable methods for blood vessel decellularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Simsa
- VERIGRAFT AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Xavier Monforte Vila
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elias Salzer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Teuschl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Niklas Bergh
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Fogelstrand
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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66
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Edwards DN, Bix GJ. Roles of blood-brain barrier integrins and extracellular matrix in stroke. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C252-C263. [PMID: 30462535 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00151.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemicstroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States, but recent advances in treatments [i.e., endovascular thrombectomy and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)] that target the stroke-causing blood clot, while improving overall stroke mortality rates, have had much less of an impact on overall stroke morbidity. This may in part be attributed to the lack of therapeutics targeting reperfusion-induced injury after the blood clot has been removed, which, if left unchecked, can expand injury from its core into the surrounding at risk tissue (penumbra). This occurs in two phases of increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, a physical barrier that under physiologic conditions regulates brain influx and efflux of substances and consists of tight junction forming endothelial cells (and transporter proteins), astrocytes, pericytes, extracellular matrix, and their integrin cellular receptors. During, embryonic development, maturity, and following stroke reperfusion, cerebral vasculature undergoes significant changes including changes in expression of integrins and degradation of surrounding extracellular matrix. Integrins, heterodimers with α and β subunits, and their extracellular matrix ligands, a collection of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collagens, have been modestly studied in the context of stroke compared with other diseases (e.g., cancer). In this review, we describe the effect that various integrins and extracellular matrix components have in embryonic brain development, and how this changes in both maturity and in the poststroke environment. Particular focus will be on how these changes in integrins and the extracellular matrix affect blood-brain barrier components and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Edwards
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Gregory J Bix
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
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67
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Huang N, Li CW, Chan BP. Multiphoton 3D Microprinting of Protein Micropatterns with Spatially Controlled Heterogeneity - A Platform for Single Cell Matrix Niche Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory; Department of Mechanical Engineering; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Chuen Wai Li
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory; Department of Mechanical Engineering; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Barbara Pui Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory; Department of Mechanical Engineering; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
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68
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Zhao C, Wang X, Gao L, Jing L, Zhou Q, Chang J. The role of the micro-pattern and nano-topography of hydroxyapatite bioceramics on stimulating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:509-521. [PMID: 29678674 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The micro/nano hybrid structure is considered to be a biomaterial characteristic to stimulate osteogenesis by mimicking the three-dimensional structure of the bone matrix. However, the mechanism of the hybrid structure induced osteogenic differentiation of stem cells is still unknown. For elucidating the mechanisms, one of the challenge is to directly fabricate micro/nano hybrid structure on bioceramics because of its brittleness. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics with the micro/nano hybrid structure were firstly fabricated via a hydrothermal treatment and template method, and the effect of the different surface structures on the expression of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathways and cell-cell communication was investigated. Interestingly, the results suggested that the osteogenic differentiation induced by micro/nano structures was modulated first through activating integrins and then further activating BMP2 signaling pathway and cell-cell communication, while activated BMP2 could in turn activate integrins and Cx43-related cell-cell communication. Furthermore, differences in activation of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathway, and gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication were observed, in which nanorod and micropattern structures activated different integrin subunits, BMP downstream receptors and Cx43. This finding may explain the synergistic effect of the micro/nano hybrid structure on the activation of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Based on our study, we concluded that the different activation mechanisms of micro- and nano-structures led to the synergistic stimulatory effect on integrin activation and osteogenesis, in which not only the direct contact of cells on micro/nano structure played an important role, but also other surface characteristics such as protein adsorption might contribute to the bioactive effect. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The micro/nano hybrid structure has been found to have synergistic bioactivity on osteogenesis. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate the hybrid structure directly on the bioceramics, and the role of micro- and nano-structure, in particular the mechanism of the micro/nano-hybrid structure induced stem cell differentiation is still unknown. In this study, we firstly fabricated hydroxyapatite bioceramics with the micro/nano hybrid structure, and then investigated the effect of different surface structure on expression of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathways and cell-cell communication. Interestingly, we found that the osteogenic differentiation induced by structure was modulated first through activating integrins and then further activating BMP2 signaling pathway and cell-cell communication, and activated BMP2 could in turn activate some integrin subunits and Cx43-related cell-cell communication. Furthermore, differences in activation of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathway, and gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication were observed, in which nanorod and micropattern structures activated different integrin subunits, BMP downstream receptors and Cx43. This finding may explain the synergistic effect of the micro/nano hybrid structure on the activation of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Based on our study, we concluded that the different activation mechanisms of micro- and nano-structures led to the synergistic stimulatory effect on integrin activation and osteogenesis, in which not only the direct contact of cells on micro/nano structure played an important role, but also other surface characteristics such as protein adsorption might contribute to the bioactive effect.
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69
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Abstract
During mitosis, animal cells disassemble focal adhesions and round up while remaining attached to the substrata via actin cables and unknown adhesive structures. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Dix et al. (2018) describe integrin-positive adhesions, devoid of classical focal adhesion components, that persist throughout mitosis to contribute to re-spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jacquemet
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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70
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Prystopiuk V, Feuillie C, Herman-Bausier P, Viela F, Alsteens D, Pietrocola G, Speziale P, Dufrêne YF. Mechanical Forces Guiding Staphylococcus aureus Cellular Invasion. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3609-3622. [PMID: 29633832 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can invade various types of mammalian cells, thereby enabling it to evade host immune defenses and antibiotics. The current model for cellular invasion involves the interaction between the bacterial cell surface located fibronectin (Fn)-binding proteins (FnBPA and FnBPB) and the α5β1 integrin in the host cell membrane. While it is believed that the extracellular matrix protein Fn serves as a bridging molecule between FnBPs and integrins, the fundamental forces involved are not known. Using single-cell and single-molecule experiments, we unravel the molecular forces guiding S. aureus cellular invasion, focusing on the prototypical three-component FnBPA-Fn-integrin interaction. We show that FnBPA mediates bacterial adhesion to soluble Fn via strong forces (∼1500 pN), consistent with a high-affinity tandem β-zipper, and that the FnBPA-Fn complex further binds to immobilized α5β1 integrins with a strength much higher than that of the classical Fn-integrin bond (∼100 pN). The high mechanical stability of the Fn bridge favors an invasion model in which Fn binding by FnBPA leads to the exposure of cryptic integrin-binding sites via allosteric activation, which in turn engage in a strong interaction with integrins. This activation mechanism emphasizes the importance of protein mechanobiology in regulating bacterial-host adhesion. We also find that Fn-dependent adhesion between S. aureus and endothelial cells strengthens with time, suggesting that internalization occurs within a few minutes. Collectively, our results provide a molecular foundation for the ability of FnBPA to trigger host cell invasion by S. aureus and offer promising prospects for the development of therapeutic approaches against intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Prystopiuk
- Institute of Life Sciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06 , B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Cécile Feuillie
- Institute of Life Sciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06 , B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Philippe Herman-Bausier
- Institute of Life Sciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06 , B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Felipe Viela
- Institute of Life Sciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06 , B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - David Alsteens
- Institute of Life Sciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06 , B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | | | | | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Institute of Life Sciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06 , B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) , 4000 Liège , Belgium
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71
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Gauthier NC, Roca-Cusachs P. Mechanosensing at integrin-mediated cell–matrix adhesions: from molecular to integrated mechanisms. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 50:20-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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72
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Abdal Dayem A, Lee S, Y. Choi H, Cho SG. The Impact of Adhesion Molecules on the In Vitro Culture and Differentiation of Stem Cells. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:1700575. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology; Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI); Konkuk University; 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu 05029 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology; Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI); Konkuk University; 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu 05029 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Y. Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology; Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI); Konkuk University; 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu 05029 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology; Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI); Konkuk University; 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu 05029 Seoul Republic of Korea
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73
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Strohmeyer N, Bharadwaj M, Costell M, Fässler R, Müller DJ. Fibronectin-bound α5β1 integrins sense load and signal to reinforce adhesion in less than a second. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:1262-1270. [PMID: 29115292 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-mediated mechanosensing of the extracellular environment allows cells to control adhesion and signalling. Whether cells sense and respond to force immediately upon ligand-binding is unknown. Here, we report that during adhesion initiation, fibroblasts respond to mechanical load by strengthening integrin-mediated adhesion to fibronectin (FN) in a biphasic manner. In the first phase, which depends on talin and kindlin as well as on the actin nucleators Arp2/3 and mDia, FN-engaged α5β1 integrins activate focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and c-Src in less than 0.5 s to steeply strengthen α5β1- and αV-class integrin-mediated adhesion. When the mechanical load exceeds a certain threshold, fibroblasts decrease adhesion and initiate the second phase, which is characterized by less steep adhesion strengthening. This unique, biphasic cellular adhesion response is mediated by α5β1 integrins, which form catch bonds with FN and signal to FN-binding integrins to reinforce cell adhesion much before visible adhesion clusters are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Strohmeyer
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mitasha Bharadwaj
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mercedes Costell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Estructura de Reserca Interdisciplinar en Biotechnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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74
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Shashkova S, Leake MC. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy review: shedding new light on old problems. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170031. [PMID: 28694303 PMCID: PMC5520217 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is an invaluable tool in the biosciences, a genuine workhorse technique offering exceptional contrast in conjunction with high specificity of labelling with relatively minimal perturbation to biological samples compared with many competing biophysical techniques. Improvements in detector and dye technologies coupled to advances in image analysis methods have fuelled recent development towards single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, which can utilize light microscopy tools to enable the faithful detection and analysis of single fluorescent molecules used as reporter tags in biological samples. For example, the discovery of GFP, initiating the so-called 'green revolution', has pushed experimental tools in the biosciences to a completely new level of functional imaging of living samples, culminating in single fluorescent protein molecule detection. Today, fluorescence microscopy is an indispensable tool in single-molecule investigations, providing a high signal-to-noise ratio for visualization while still retaining the key features in the physiological context of native biological systems. In this review, we discuss some of the recent discoveries in the life sciences which have been enabled using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, paying particular attention to the so-called 'super-resolution' fluorescence microscopy techniques in live cells, which are at the cutting-edge of these methods. In particular, how these tools can reveal new insights into long-standing puzzles in biology: old problems, which have been impossible to tackle using other more traditional tools until the emergence of new single-molecule fluorescence microscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sviatlana Shashkova
- Department of Physics, Biological Physical Sciences Institute (BPSI), University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
- Department of Biology, Biological Physical Sciences Institute (BPSI), University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Mark C Leake
- Department of Physics, Biological Physical Sciences Institute (BPSI), University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
- Department of Biology, Biological Physical Sciences Institute (BPSI), University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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75
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Gillespie SR, Tedesco LJ, Wang L, Bernstein AM. The deubiquitylase USP10 regulates integrin β1 and β5 and fibrotic wound healing. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3481-3495. [PMID: 28851806 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.204628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Scarring and fibrotic disease result from the persistence of myofibroblasts characterized by high surface expression of αv integrins and subsequent activation of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) proteins; however, the mechanism controlling their surface abundance is unknown. Genetic screening revealed that human primary stromal corneal myofibroblasts overexpress a subset of deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), which remove ubiquitin from proteins, preventing degradation. Silencing of the DUB USP10 induces a buildup of ubiquitin on integrins β1 and β5 in cell lysates, whereas recombinant USP10 removes ubiquitin from these integrin subunits. Correspondingly, the loss and gain of USP10 decreases and increases, respectively, αv/β1/β5 protein levels, without altering gene expression. Consequently, endogenous TGFβ is activated and the fibrotic markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and cellular fibronectin (FN-EDA) are induced. Blocking either TGFβ signaling or cell-surface αv integrins after USP10 overexpression prevents or reduces fibrotic marker expression. Finally, silencing of USP10 in an ex vivo cornea organ culture model prevents the induction of fibrotic markers and promotes regenerative healing. This novel mechanism puts DUB expression at the head of a cascade regulating integrin abundance and suggests USP10 as a novel antifibrotic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Gillespie
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Liana J Tedesco
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Audrey M Bernstein
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, New York, NY 10029, USA
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76
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Kurzawa L, Vianay B, Senger F, Vignaud T, Blanchoin L, Théry M. Dissipation of contractile forces: the missing piece in cell mechanics. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1825-1832. [PMID: 28684608 PMCID: PMC5526557 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-09-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces are key regulators of cell and tissue physiology. The basic molecular mechanism of fiber contraction by the sliding of actin filament upon myosin leading to conformational change has been known for decades. The regulation of force generation at the level of the cell, however, is still far from elucidated. Indeed, the magnitude of cell traction forces on the underlying extracellular matrix in culture is almost impossible to predict or experimentally control. The considerable variability in measurements of cell-traction forces indicates that they may not be the optimal readout to properly characterize cell contractile state and that a significant part of the contractile energy is not transferred to cell anchorage but instead is involved in actin network dynamics. Here we discuss the experimental, numerical, and biological parameters that may be responsible for the variability in traction force production. We argue that limiting these sources of variability and investigating the dissipation of mechanical work that occurs with structural rearrangements and the disengagement of force transmission is key for further understanding of cell mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Kurzawa
- CytoMorpho Lab, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Vianay
- Université Paris Diderot, INSERM, CEA, CytoMorpho Lab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d’Hematologie, UMRS1160, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Senger
- CytoMorpho Lab, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Timothée Vignaud
- CytoMorpho Lab, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- CytoMorpho Lab, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris Diderot, INSERM, CEA, CytoMorpho Lab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d’Hematologie, UMRS1160, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Manuel Théry
- CytoMorpho Lab, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris Diderot, INSERM, CEA, CytoMorpho Lab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d’Hematologie, UMRS1160, 75010 Paris, France
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Merino P, Diaz A, Yepes M. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) promote neurorepair in the ischemic brain. RECEPTORS & CLINICAL INVESTIGATION 2017; 4:e1552. [PMID: 28804736 PMCID: PMC5553903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that ischemic stroke has been considered a leading cause of mortality in the world, recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the ischemic injury and the treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients have led to a sharp decrease in the number of stroke deaths. However, this decrease in stroke mortality has also led to an increase in the number of patients that survive the acute ischemic injury with different degrees of disability. Unfortunately, to this date we do not have an effective therapeutic strategy to promote neurological recovery in these growing population of stroke survivors. Cerebral ischemia not only causes the destruction of a large number of axons and synapses but also activates endogenous mechanisms that promote the recovery of those neurons that survive its harmful effects. Here we review experimental evidence indicating that one of these mechanisms of repair is the binding of the serine proteinase urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) to its receptor (uPAR) in the growth cones of injured axons. Indeed, the binding of uPA to uPAR in the periphery of growth cones of injured axons induces the recruitment of β1-integrin to the plasma membrane, β1-integrin-mediated activation of the small Rho GTPase Rac1, and Rac1-induced axonal regeneration. Furthermore, we found that this process is modulated by the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP1). The data reviewed here indicate that the uPA-uPAR-LRP1 system is a potential target for the development of therapeutic strategies to promote neurological recovery in acute ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Merino
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA,Division of Neurosciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Ariel Diaz
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA,Division of Neurosciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Manuel Yepes
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA,Division of Neurosciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA,Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30033, USA
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