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Uchida K, Takano S, Matsumoto T, Nagura N, Inoue G, Itakura M, Miyagi M, Aikawa J, Iwase D, Minatani A, Fujimaki H, Takaso M. Transforming growth factor activating kinase 1 regulates extracellular matrix degrading enzymes and pain-related molecule expression following tumor necrosis factor-α stimulation of synovial cells: an in vitro study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:283. [PMID: 28668088 PMCID: PMC5493881 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested that the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) pathway is a potential target for the management of osteoarthritis (OA). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is essential in several cytokine-mediated cascades, including the TNF-α, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and TGF-β pathways. The role of TAK1 in synovial tissue in OA is not fully understood. Using synovial cells harvested from OA patients during surgery, we investigated whether TAK1 inhibition suppresses production of TNF-α-induced extracellular matrix degrading enzymes and expression of pain-related molecules. Methods Synovial tissues were harvested from ten subjects with radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis (OA) during total knee arthroplasty. Synovial cells were cultured and stimulated with control (culture media), 10 ng/mL human recombinant TNF-α, or 10 ng/mL TNF-α and 10 μM of the TAK1 inhibitor (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol for 24 h. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to monitor expression of mRNA of the extracellular matrix degrading enzymes matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 4 (ADAMTS-4); and of the pain-related molecules cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), and nerve growth factor (NGF). MMP-3 and NGF protein concentrations in cell supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). COX-2, mPGES-1 and ADAMTS-4 protein expression was also evaluated by western blotting. Results TNF-α stimulated increases in ADAMTS-4 and MMP3 mRNA (2.0-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively, p < 0.05) and protein expression (21.5-fold and 2.0-fold, respectively). Treatment with the TAK1 inihibitor (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol reduced ADAMTS-4 and MMP3 mRNA (0.5-fold and 0.6-fold, respectively) and protein expression (1.4-fold and 0.5-fold, respectively) in OA synovial cells. COX-2, mPGES-1 and NGF mRNA (11.2-fold, 3.1-fold and 2.7-fold, respectively) and protein expression (3.0-fold, 2.7-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively) were increased by TNF-α. (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol treatment reduced mPGES1 and NGF mRNA (1.5-fold and 0.8-fold, respectively) and protein (1.5-fold and 0.5-fold, respectively). Conclusion TAK1 plays an important role in the regulation of TNF-α induced extracellular matrix degrading enzymes and pain-related molecule expression. TAK1 may be a potential target for therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing osteoarthritis progression and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Uchida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Takano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Toshihide Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Naoshige Nagura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Makoto Itakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Jun Aikawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Dai Iwase
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Atsushi Minatani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hisako Fujimaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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Gillis E, Kumar AA, Luyckx I, Preuss C, Cannaerts E, van de Beek G, Wieschendorf B, Alaerts M, Bolar N, Vandeweyer G, Meester J, Wünnemann F, Gould RA, Zhurayev R, Zerbino D, Mohamed SA, Mital S, Mertens L, Björck HM, Franco-Cereceda A, McCallion AS, Van Laer L, Verhagen JMA, van de Laar IMBH, Wessels MW, Messas E, Goudot G, Nemcikova M, Krebsova A, Kempers M, Salemink S, Duijnhouwer T, Jeunemaitre X, Albuisson J, Eriksson P, Andelfinger G, Dietz HC, Verstraeten A, Loeys BL. Candidate Gene Resequencing in a Large Bicuspid Aortic Valve-Associated Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Cohort: SMAD6 as an Important Contributor. Front Physiol 2017; 8:400. [PMID: 28659821 PMCID: PMC5469151 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect. Although many BAV patients remain asymptomatic, at least 20% develop thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). Historically, BAV-related TAA was considered as a hemodynamic consequence of the valve defect. Multiple lines of evidence currently suggest that genetic determinants contribute to the pathogenesis of both BAV and TAA in affected individuals. Despite high heritability, only very few genes have been linked to BAV or BAV/TAA, such as NOTCH1, SMAD6, and MAT2A. Moreover, they only explain a minority of patients. Other candidate genes have been suggested based on the presence of BAV in knockout mouse models (e.g., GATA5, NOS3) or in syndromic (e.g., TGFBR1/2, TGFB2/3) or non-syndromic (e.g., ACTA2) TAA forms. We hypothesized that rare genetic variants in these genes may be enriched in patients presenting with both BAV and TAA. We performed targeted resequencing of 22 candidate genes using Haloplex target enrichment in a strictly defined BAV/TAA cohort (n = 441; BAV in addition to an aortic root or ascendens diameter ≥ 4.0 cm in adults, or a Z-score ≥ 3 in children) and in a collection of healthy controls with normal echocardiographic evaluation (n = 183). After additional burden analysis against the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, the strongest candidate susceptibility gene was SMAD6 (p = 0.002), with 2.5% (n = 11) of BAV/TAA patients harboring causal variants, including two nonsense, one in-frame deletion and two frameshift mutations. All six missense mutations were located in the functionally important MH1 and MH2 domains. In conclusion, we report a significant contribution of SMAD6 mutations to the etiology of the BAV/TAA phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Gillis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University HospitalAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Ajay A Kumar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University HospitalAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilse Luyckx
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University HospitalAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Christoph Preuss
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de MontrealMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elyssa Cannaerts
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University HospitalAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerarda van de Beek
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University HospitalAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Björn Wieschendorf
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University HospitalAntwerp, Belgium.,Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinLübeck, Germany
| | - Maaike Alaerts
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University HospitalAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Nikhita Bolar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University HospitalAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Vandeweyer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University HospitalAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Josephina Meester
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University HospitalAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Florian Wünnemann
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de MontrealMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Russell A Gould
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rustam Zhurayev
- Department of Clinical pathology, Lviv National Medical University after Danylo HalytskyLviv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Zerbino
- Department of Clinical pathology, Lviv National Medical University after Danylo HalytskyLviv, Ukraine
| | - Salah A Mohamed
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinLübeck, Germany
| | - Seema Mital
- Cardiovascular Research, SickKids University HospitalToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luc Mertens
- Cardiovascular Research, SickKids University HospitalToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hanna M Björck
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska InstituteStockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska InstituteStockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew S McCallion
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lut Van Laer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University HospitalAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Judith M A Verhagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Marja W Wessels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Messas
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRSParis, France
| | - Guillaume Goudot
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRSParis, France
| | - Michaela Nemcikova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine-Charles University and Motol University HospitalPrague, Czechia
| | - Alice Krebsova
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental MedicinePrague, Czechia
| | - Marlies Kempers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simone Salemink
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Toon Duijnhouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRSParis, France
| | - Juliette Albuisson
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRSParis, France
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska InstituteStockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de MontrealMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Harry C Dietz
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBaltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aline Verstraeten
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University HospitalAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart L Loeys
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University HospitalAntwerp, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegen, Netherlands
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Gola JM, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Adamska J, Gagoś M, Mazurek U. Differential expression of microRNAs and their predicted targets in renal cells exposed to amphotericin B and its complex with copper (II) ions. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:537-543. [PMID: 28534445 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1333554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to regulate essential biological processes, and their expression was shown to be affected by pathological processes and drug-induced toxicity. Amphotericin B (AmB) can cause liver and kidney injury, but a recently developed complex of AmB with copper (II) ions (AmB-Cu2+) exhibits a lower toxicity to human renal cells while retaining a high antifungal activity. The aim of our study was to assess AmB-Cu2+-induced changes in the miRNA profile of renal cells and examine which biological processes are significantly affected by AmB-Cu2+. We also aimed to predict whether differentially expressed miRNAs would influence observed changes in the mRNA profile. miRNA and mRNA profiles in normal human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) treated with AmB-Cu2+ or AmB were appointed with the use of microarray technology. For differentially expressed mRNAs, the PANTHER overrepresentation binomial test was performed. miRNA target interactions (MTIs) were predicted using the miRTar tool. The mRNA profile was much more strongly affected than the miRNA profile, in both AmB-Cu2+- and AmB-treated cells. AmB-Cu2+ influenced both the miRNA and mRNA profiles much more strongly than AmB. The most affected biological processes were intracellular signal transduction (AmB-Cu2+) and signal transduction (AmB). Only a few interactions between differentiating miRNAs and mRNAs were found. Changes in the profiles of genes involved in signal transduction and intracellular signal transduction may not result from interactions with differentially expressed miRNAs. Changes in the miRNA profile suggest the possible influence of tested drugs on the regulation of fibrosis via a miRNA-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Magdalena Gola
- a Department of Molecular Biology , School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Barbara Strzałka-Mrozik
- a Department of Molecular Biology , School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs
- a Department of Molecular Biology , School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Jolanta Adamska
- a Department of Molecular Biology , School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- b Department of Cell Biology , Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , Lublin , Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- a Department of Molecular Biology , School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland
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Iyengar PV. Regulation of Ubiquitin Enzymes in the TGF-β Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040877. [PMID: 28425962 PMCID: PMC5412458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway has a tumor suppressor role in normal and premalignant cells but promotes oncogenesis in advanced cancer cells. Components of the pathway are tightly controlled by ubiquitin modifying enzymes and aberrations in these enzymes are frequently observed to dysregulate the pathway causing diseases such as bone disorders, cancer and metastasis. These enzymes and their counterparts are increasingly being tested as druggable targets, and thus a deeper understanding of the enzymes is required. This review summarizes the roles of specific ubiquitin modifying enzymes in the TGF-β pathway and how they are regulated.
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Hsu ACY, Dua K, Starkey MR, Haw TJ, Nair PM, Nichol K, Zammit N, Grey ST, Baines KJ, Foster PS, Hansbro PM, Wark PA. MicroRNA-125a and -b inhibit A20 and MAVS to promote inflammation and impair antiviral response in COPD. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90443. [PMID: 28405612 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections lead to severe inflammation in the airways. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characteristically have exaggerated airway inflammation and are more susceptible to infections with severe symptoms and increased mortality. The mechanisms that control inflammation during IAV infection and the mechanisms of immune dysregulation in COPD are unclear. We found that IAV infections lead to increased inflammatory and antiviral responses in primary bronchial epithelial cells (pBECs) from healthy nonsmoking and smoking subjects. In pBECs from COPD patients, infections resulted in exaggerated inflammatory but deficient antiviral responses. A20 is an important negative regulator of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory but not antiviral responses, and A20 expression was reduced in COPD. IAV infection increased the expression of miR-125a or -b, which directly reduced the expression of A20 and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS), and caused exaggerated inflammation and impaired antiviral responses. These events were replicated in vivo in a mouse model of experimental COPD. Thus, miR-125a or -b and A20 may be targeted therapeutically to inhibit excessive inflammatory responses and enhance antiviral immunity in IAV infections and in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C-Y Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatt-Jhong Haw
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prema M Nair
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy Nichol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan Zammit
- Transplantation Immunology Group, Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shane T Grey
- Transplantation Immunology Group, Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Qiu GZ, Sun W, Jin MZ, Lin J, Lu PG, Jin WL. The bad seed gardener: Deubiquitinases in the cancer stem-cell signaling network and therapeutic resistance. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 172:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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57
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Heng L, Jia Z, Bai J, Zhang K, Zhu Y, Ma J, Zhang J, Duan H. Molecular characterization of metastatic osteosarcoma: Differentially expressed genes, transcription factors and microRNAs. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2829-2836. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Inhibitory Smads (I-Smads) have conserved carboxy-terminal MH2 domains but highly divergent amino-terminal regions when compared with receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) and common-partner Smads (co-Smads). Smad6 preferentially inhibits Smad signaling initiated by the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptors ALK-3 and ALK-6, whereas Smad7 inhibits both transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)- and BMP-induced Smad signaling. I-Smads also regulate some non-Smad signaling pathways. Here, we discuss the vertebrate I-Smads, their roles as inhibitors of Smad activation and regulators of receptor stability, as scaffolds for non-Smad signaling, and their possible roles in the nucleus. We also discuss the posttranslational modification of I-Smads, including phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, acetylation, and methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Miyazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Liu M, Ge R, Liu W, Liu Q, Xia X, Lai M, Liang L, Li C, Song L, Zhen B, Qin J, Ding C. Differential proteomics profiling identifies LDPs and biological functions in high-fat diet-induced fatty livers. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:681-694. [PMID: 28179399 PMCID: PMC5392744 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m071407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells store neutral lipids in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) enclosed in a monolayer of phospholipids and associated proteins [LD proteins (LDPs)]. Growing evidence has demonstrated that LDPs play important roles in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. However, the composition of liver LDPs and the role of their alterations in hepatosteatosis are not well-understood. In this study, we performed liver proteome and LD sub-proteome profiling to identify enriched proteins in LDs as LDPs, and quantified their changes in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver model. Among 5,000 quantified liver proteins, 101 were enriched by greater than 10-fold in the LD sub-proteome and were classified as LDPs. Differential profiling of LDPs in HFD-induced fatty liver provided a list of candidate LDPs for functional investigation. We tested the function of an upregulated LDP, S100a10, in vivo with adenovirus-mediated gene silencing and found, unexpectedly, that knockdown of S100a10 accelerated progression of HFD-induced liver steatosis. The S100A10 interactome revealed a connection between S100A10 and lipid transporting proteins, suggesting that S100A10 regulates the development and formation of LDs by transporting and trafficking. This study identified LD-enriched sub-proteome in homeostatic as well as HFD-induced fatty livers, providing a rich resource for the LDP research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiongming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mi Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lizhu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bei Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center), Beijing 102206, China; Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center), Beijing 102206, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and structurally related factors use several intracellular signaling pathways in addition to Smad signaling to regulate a wide array of cellular functions. These non-Smad signaling pathways are activated directly by ligand-occupied receptors to reinforce, attenuate, or otherwise modulate downstream cellular responses. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms by which non-Smad signaling pathways are directly activated in response to ligand binding, how activation of these pathways impinges on Smads and non-Smad targets, and how final cellular responses are affected in response to these noncanonical signaling modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying E Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Lee JY, Seo D, You J, Chung S, Park JS, Lee JH, Jung SM, Lee YS, Park SH. The deubiquitinating enzyme, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 50, regulates inflammasome activation by targeting the ASC adaptor protein. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:479-490. [PMID: 28094437 PMCID: PMC5324553 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
NOD-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated inflammasome activation promotes caspase-1-dependent production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and requires the adaptor protein ASC. Compared with the priming and activation mechanisms of the inflammasome signaling pathway, post-translational ubiquitination/deubiquitination mechanisms controlling inflammasome activation have not been clearly addressed. We here demonstrate that the deubiquitinating enzyme USP50 binds to the ASC protein and subsequently regulates the inflammasome signaling pathway by deubiquitinating the lysine 63-linked polyubiquitination of ASC. USP50 knockdown in human THP-1 cells and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages shows a significant decrease in procaspase-1 cleavage, resulting in a reduced secretion of IL-1β and interleukin-18 (IL-18) upon treatment with NLRP3 stimuli and a reduction in ASC speck formation and oligomerization. Thus, we elucidate a novel regulatory mechanism of the inflammasome signaling pathway mediated by the USP50 deubiquitinating enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dongyeob Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jiyeon You
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sehee Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Youn Sook Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seok Hee Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Abstract
Cytokines of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, including TGF-βs, bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), activins, and Nodal, play crucial roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, as well as stem-cell self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation. Smad proteins are critical downstream mediators of these signaling activities. In addition to regulating the transcription of direct target genes of TGF-β, BMP, activin, or Nodal, Smad proteins also participate in extensive cross talk with other signaling pathways, often in a cell-type- or developmental stage-specific manner. These combinatorial signals often produce context-, time-, and location-dependent biological outcomes that are critical for development. This review discusses recent progress in our understanding of the cross talk between Smad proteins and signaling pathways of Wnt, Notch, Hippo, Hedgehog (Hh), mitogen-activated protein (MAP), kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunxin Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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63
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Luo K. Signaling Cross Talk between TGF-β/Smad and Other Signaling Pathways. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017. [PMID: 27836834 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, including TGF-βs, bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), activins, and Nodal, play crucial roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, as well as stem-cell self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation. Smad proteins are critical downstream mediators of these signaling activities. In addition to regulating the transcription of direct target genes of TGF-β, BMP, activin, or Nodal, Smad proteins also participate in extensive cross talk with other signaling pathways, often in a cell-type- or developmental stage-specific manner. These combinatorial signals often produce context-, time-, and location-dependent biological outcomes that are critical for development. This review discusses recent progress in our understanding of the cross talk between Smad proteins and signaling pathways of Wnt, Notch, Hippo, Hedgehog (Hh), mitogen-activated protein (MAP), kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunxin Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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Sano R, Nakajima A, Kawato T, Maeno M, Shimizu N. Effect of Compressive Force on TGF-β1/2 Signaling Pathway in MC3T3-E1 Cells. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.26.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Remi Sano
- Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Takayuki Kawato
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Masao Maeno
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Noriyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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65
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Wang T, Xu X, Xu Q, Ren J, Shen S, Fan C, Hou Y. miR-19a promotes colitis-associated colorectal cancer by regulating tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3-NF-κB feedback loops. Oncogene 2016; 36:3240-3251. [PMID: 27991929 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is believed to have a crucial role in colon cancer development. MicroRNA (miRNA) deregulation is common in human colorectal cancers, but little is known regarding whether miRNA drives tumor progression by regulating inflammation. Here, we showed that miR-19a can promote colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) development using a CAC mouse model and an acute colitis mouse model. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation can increase miR-19a expression, and upregulated miR-19a can in turn activate nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling and TNF-α production by targeting TNF alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3). miR-19a inhibition can also alleviate CAC in vivo. Moreover, the regulatory effects of miR-19a on TNFAIP3 and NF-κB signaling were confirmed using tumor samples from patients with colon cancer. These new findings demonstrate that miR-19a has a direct role in upregulating NF-κB signaling and that miR-19a has roles in inflammation and CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - X Xu
- General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - C Fan
- General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Xu P, Lin X, Feng XH. Posttranslational Regulation of Smads. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:cshperspect.a022087. [PMID: 27908935 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family signaling dictates highly complex programs of gene expression responses, which are extensively regulated at multiple levels and vary depending on the physiological context. The formation, activation, and destruction of two major functional complexes in the TGF-β signaling pathway (i.e., the TGF-β receptor complexes and the Smad complexes that act as central mediators of TGF-β signaling) are direct targets for posttranslational regulation. Dysfunction of these complexes often leads or contributes to pathogenesis in cancer and fibrosis and in cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases. Here we discuss recent insights into the roles of posttranslational modifications in the functions of the receptor-activated Smads in the common Smad4 and inhibitory Smads, and in the control of the physiological responses to TGF-β. It is now evident that these modifications act as decisive factors in defining the intensity and versatility of TGF-β responsiveness. Thus, the characterization of posttranslational modifications of Smads not only sheds light on how TGF-β controls physiological and pathological processes but may also guide us to manipulate the TGF-β responses for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinglong Xu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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67
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Du C, Pan P, Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Bao J, Liu C. Microarray data analysis to identify crucial genes regulated by CEBPB in human SNB19 glioma cells. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:258. [PMID: 27716259 PMCID: PMC5054626 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is one of the most common primary malignancies in the brain or spine. The transcription factor (TF) CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (CEBPB) is important for maintaining the tumor initiating capacity and invasion ability. To investigate the regulation mechanism of CEBPB in glioma, microarray data GSE47352 was analyzed. Methods GSE47352 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, including three samples of SNB19 human glioma cells transduced with non-target control small hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentiviral vectors for 72 h (normal glioma cells) and three samples of SNB19 human glioma cells transduced with CEBPB shRNA lentiviral vectors for 72 h (CEBPB-silenced glioma cells). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using limma package and then annotated. Afterwards, the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) software was applied to perform enrichment analysis for the DEGs. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and transcriptional regulatory network were constructed using Cytoscape software. Results Total 529 DEGs were identified in the normal glioma cells compared with the CEBPB-silenced glioma cells, including 336 up-regulated and 193 down-regulated genes. The significantly enriched pathways included chemokine signaling pathway (which involved CCL2), focal adhesion (which involved THBS1 and THBS2), TGF-beta signaling pathway (which involved THBS1, THBS2, SMAD5, and SMAD6) and chronic myeloid leukemia (which involved TGFBR2 and CCND1). In the PPI network, CCND1 (degree = 29) and CCL2 (degree = 12) were hub nodes. Additionally, CEBPB and TCF12 might function in glioma through targeting others (CEBPB → TCF12, CEBPB → TGFBR2, and TCF12 → TGFBR2). Conclusions CEBPB might act in glioma by regulating CCL2, CCND1, THBS1, THBS2, SMAD5, SMAD6, TGFBR2, and TCF12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Huolinhe Street No.1742, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028007, China.
| | - Pan Pan
- Department of Hepatology, Tongliao City Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028007, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Huolinhe Street No.1742, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028007, China
| | - Qiuli Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Huolinhe Street No.1742, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028007, China
| | - Jinsuo Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Huolinhe Street No.1742, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028007, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Huolinhe Street No.1742, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028007, China
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68
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Le Goff C, Rogers C, Le Goff W, Pinto G, Bonnet D, Chrabieh M, Alibeu O, Nistchke P, Munnich A, Picard C, Cormier-Daire V. Heterozygous Mutations in MAP3K7, Encoding TGF-β-Activated Kinase 1, Cause Cardiospondylocarpofacial Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:407-13. [PMID: 27426734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiospondylocarpofacial (CSCF) syndrome is characterized by growth retardation, dysmorphic facial features, brachydactyly with carpal-tarsal fusion and extensive posterior cervical vertebral synostosis, cardiac septal defects with valve dysplasia, and deafness with inner ear malformations. Whole-exome sequencing identified heterozygous MAP3K7 mutations in six distinct CSCF-affected individuals from four families and ranging in age from 5 to 37 years. MAP3K7 encodes transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which is involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-p38 signaling pathway. MAPK-p38 signaling was markedly altered when expression of non-canonical TGF-β-driven target genes was impaired. These findings support the loss of transcriptional control of the TGF-β-MAPK-p38 pathway in fibroblasts obtained from affected individuals. Surprisingly, although TAK1 is located at the crossroad of inflammation, immunity, and cancer, this study reports MAP3K7 mutations in a developmental disorder affecting mainly cartilage, bone, and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Le Goff
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, and Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Curtis Rogers
- Greenwood Genetic Center Greenville Office, 14 Edgewood Drive, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM, ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (UMR_S1166), Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis Team, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Graziella Pinto
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetes, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes-M3C, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maya Chrabieh
- Necker Branch, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Alibeu
- Genomic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nistchke
- Bioinformatic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, and Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Necker Branch, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology-Rheumatology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, and Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France.
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Liu S, de Boeck M, van Dam H, ten Dijke P. Regulation of the TGF-β pathway by deubiquitinases in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 76:135-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Among all the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, Ubc13, which heterodimerizes with Uev1a, specifically mediates lysine 63 (K63)-linked protein polyubiquitylation, a process that does not lead to proteasomal degradation of its substrates. Instead, it plays a key role in signal transduction. Numerous roles of Lys63-linked polyubiquitylation in immune responses have emerged, indicating the importance of this regulatory strategy. Here, we summarize some of the signaling pathways that depend on Lys63-linked polyubiquitylation during innate and adaptive immune responses, with a focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition, we describe how Ubc13 itself is regulated and outline its function in transforming growth factor β signaling. We discuss the current progress in pharmacological targeting of Ubc13 in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wu
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Gene Regulation, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Gene Regulation, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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71
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Walsh MC, Lee J, Choi Y. Tumor necrosis factor receptor- associated factor 6 (TRAF6) regulation of development, function, and homeostasis of the immune system. Immunol Rev 2016; 266:72-92. [PMID: 26085208 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is an adapter protein that mediates a wide array of protein-protein interactions via its TRAF domain and a RING finger domain that possesses non-conventional E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. First identified nearly two decades ago as a mediator of interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-mediated activation of NFκB, TRAF6 has since been identified as an actor downstream of multiple receptor families with immunoregulatory functions, including members of the TNFR superfamily, the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, tumor growth factor-β receptors (TGFβR), and T-cell receptor (TCR). In addition to NFκB, TRAF6 may also direct activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and interferon regulatory factor pathways. In the context of the immune system, TRAF6-mediated signals have proven critical for the development, homeostasis, and/or activation of B cells, T cells, and myeloid cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts, as well as for organogenesis of thymic and secondary lymphoid tissues. In multiple cellular contexts, TRAF6 function is essential not only for proper activation of the immune system but also for maintaining immune tolerance, and more recent work has begun to identify mechanisms of contextual specificity for TRAF6, involving both regulatory protein interactions, and messenger RNA regulation by microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Walsh
- Institute for Immunology and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - JangEun Lee
- Institute for Immunology and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Institute for Immunology and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Sasagawa S, Nishimura Y, Sawada H, Zhang E, Okabe S, Murakami S, Ashikawa Y, Yuge M, Kawaguchi K, Kawase R, Mitani Y, Maruyama K, Tanaka T. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies CCDC80 as a Novel Gene Associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:142. [PMID: 27375481 PMCID: PMC4894905 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a heterogeneous disorder associated with a progressive increase in pulmonary artery resistance and pressure. Although various therapies have been developed, the 5-year survival rate of PAH patients remains low. There is thus an important need to identify novel genes that are commonly dysregulated in PAH of various etiologies and could be used as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. In this study, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis of five mammalian PAH datasets downloaded from a public database. We identified 228 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from a rat PAH model caused by inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor under hypoxic conditions, 379 DEGs from a mouse PAH model associated with systemic sclerosis, 850 DEGs from a mouse PAH model associated with schistosomiasis, 1598 DEGs from one cohort of human PAH patients, and 4260 DEGs from a second cohort of human PAH patients. Gene-by-gene comparison identified four genes that were differentially upregulated or downregulated in parallel in all five sets of DEGs. Expression of coiled-coil domain containing 80 (CCDC80) and anterior gradient two genes was significantly increased in the five datasets, whereas expression of SMAD family member six and granzyme A was significantly decreased. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed a connection between CCDC80 and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) expression. To validate the function of CCDC80 in vivo, we knocked out ccdc80 in zebrafish using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system. In vivo imaging of zebrafish expressing a fluorescent protein in endothelial cells showed that ccdc80 deletion significantly increased the diameter of the ventral artery, a vessel supplying blood to the gills. We also demonstrated that expression of col1a1 and endothelin-1 mRNA was significantly decreased in the ccdc80-knockout zebrafish. Finally, we examined Ccdc80 immunoreactivity in a rat PAHmodel and found increased expression in the hypertrophied media and adventitia of the pre-acinar pulmonary arteries (PAs) and in the thickened intima, media, and adventitia of the obstructed intra-acinar PAs. These results suggest that increased expression of CCDC80 may be involved in the pathogenesis of PAH, potentially by modulating the expression of endothelin-1 and COL1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Sasagawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, TsuJapan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, TsuJapan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, TsuJapan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, TsuJapan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, TsuJapan
| | - Hirofumi Sawada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Erquan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Shiko Okabe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Soichiro Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ashikawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Mizuki Yuge
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Koki Kawaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Reiko Kawase
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Yoshihide Mitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Kazuo Maruyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, TsuJapan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, TsuJapan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, TsuJapan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, TsuJapan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, TsuJapan
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Ji Y, Dou YN, Zhao QW, Zhang JZ, Yang Y, Wang T, Xia YF, Dai Y, Wei ZF. Paeoniflorin suppresses TGF-β mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary fibrosis through a Smad-dependent pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:794-804. [PMID: 27133302 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Paeoniflorin has shown to attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in mice. Because the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in type 2 lung endothelial cells contributes to excessive fibroblasts and myofibroblasts during multiple fibrosis of tissues, we investigated the effects of paeoniflorin on TGF-β mediated pulmonary EMT in bleomycin-induced PF mice. METHODS PF was induced in mice by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (5 mg/kg). The mice were orally treated with paeoniflorin or prednisone for 21 d. After the mice were sacrificed, lung tissues were collected for analysis. An in vitro EMT model was established in alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells) incubated with TGF-β1 (2 ng/mL). EMT identification and the expression of related proteins were performed using immunohistochemistry, transwell assay, ELISA, Western blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS In PF mice, paeoniflorin (50, 100 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) or prednisone (6 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) significantly decreased the expression of FSP-1 and α-SMA, and increased the expression of E-cadherin in lung tissues. In A549 cells, TGF-β1 stimulation induced EMT, as shown by the changes in cell morphology, the increased cell migration, and the increased vimentin and α-SMA expression as well as type I and type III collagen levels, and by the decreased E-cadherin expression. In contrast, effects of paeoniflorin on EMT disappeared when the A549 cells were pretreated with TGF-β1 for 24 h. TGF-β1 stimulation markedly increased the expression of Snail and activated Smad2/3, Akt, ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK in A549 cells. Co-incubation with paeoniflorin (1-30 μmol/L) dose-dependently attenuated TGF-β1-induced expression of Snail and activation of Smad2/3, but slightly affected TGF-β1-induced activation of Akt, ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK. Moreover, paeoniflorin markedly increased Smad7 level, and decreased ALK5 level in A549 cells. CONCLUSION Paeoniflorin suppresses the early stages of TGF-β mediated EMT in alveolar epithelial cells, likely by decreasing the expression of the transcription factors Snail via a Smad-dependent pathway involving the up-regulation of Smad7.
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Li H, Zhu H, Liu Y, He F, Xie P, Zhang L. Itch promotes the neddylation of JunB and regulates JunB-dependent transcription. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1186-1195. [PMID: 27245101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein neddylation is essential for the viability of most organisms and is widely involved in the regulation of immunity, DNA damage and repair, cell signaling and cell cycle. Unlike RING-type neddylation ligases, HECT-type neddylation ligase remains less defined. Here, we show that Itch is a novel HECT-type neddylation E3 ligase and we identify JunB as a substrate of Nedd8 modification by Itch. JunB neddylation attenuates its transcriptional activity. In addition, JunB neddylation mediated by Itch promotes its ubiquitination-dependent degradation. Therefore, these findings define a new HECT-type neddylation ligase and its neddylation substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The First Hospital Attached to Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China.
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75
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Histone demethylase RBP2 promotes malignant progression of gastric cancer through TGF-β1-(p-Smad3)-RBP2-E-cadherin-Smad3 feedback circuit. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17661-74. [PMID: 25974964 PMCID: PMC4627336 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Some feedback pathways are critical in the process of tumor development or malignant progression. However the mechanisms through which these pathways are epigenetically regulated have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that the histone demethylase RBP2 was crucial for TGF-β1-(p-Smad3)-RBP2-E-cadherin-Smad3 feedback circuit that was implicated in malignant progression of tumors and its knockdown significantly inhibited gastric cancer (GC) metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RBP2 can directly bind to E-cadherin promoter and suppress its expression, facilitating EMT and distant metastasis of GC. RBP2 can also be induced by TGF-β1, a key inducer of EMT, through phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3) pathway in GC. The upregulated RBP2 can be recruited by p-smad3 to E-cadherin promoter and enhance its suppression, contributing to the promotion of metastasis of GC. In addition, the suppression of E-cadherin by RBP2 attenuated inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation (exerted by E-cadherin), resulting further induction of RBP2 expression, and thus constituting positive feedback regulation during GC malignant progression. This TGF-β1-(p-Smad3)-RBP2- E-cadherin-Smad3 feedback circuit may be a novel mechanism for GC malignant progression and suppression of RBP2 expression may serve as a new strategy for the prevention of tumor distant metastasis.
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76
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Bianchi E, Boekelheide K, Sigman M, Lamb DJ, Hall SJ, Hwang K. Ghrelin Inhibits Post-Operative Adhesions via Blockage of the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153968. [PMID: 27082244 PMCID: PMC4833425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-operative adhesions are a critical problem in pelvic and abdominal surgery despite a multitude of studies dedicated to finding modalities to prevent their occurrence. Ghrelin administration promotes an anti-fibrotic response in a surgical mouse model of adhesion-induction, but the mechanisms mediating this effect have not been established. In the current study, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the anti-adhesion effect of ghrelin were investigated. Post-surgical adhesions were experimentally created in C57BL/6 wild-type mice via a combination of ischemic peritoneal buttons and cecal multiple abrasions. Ghrelin or saline intraperitoneal injections were given twice daily from two days before surgery to selected time points post-surgically to assess the phenotypic and molecular effects of treatment (1 day (n = 20), 4 days (n = 20) and 20 days (n = 40) after surgery). Endpoints included the scoring of adhesions and gene and protein expression analysis of pro-fibrogenic factors conducted on peritoneal ischemic tissue by quantitative PCR and Western blot. Ghrelin administration significantly reduced post-surgical adhesions and down-regulated pro-inflammatory gene and protein expression, including Tgfb3 and Tgfbr2. The up-regulation of inhibitory proteins Smad6 and Smad7 confirmed the ghrelin-induced blockage of TGF-β signaling. Ghrelin is a candidate therapeutic drug for post-operative adhesion prevention, inhibiting inflammatory responses via blockage of the TGF-β signaling pathway at the onset of surgery before the occurrence of the granulation-remodeling phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bianchi
- Division of Urology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Mark Sigman
- Division of Urology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Dolores J. Lamb
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Scott Department of Urology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Susan J. Hall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Hwang
- Division of Urology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
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77
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Dong Z, Tai W, Lei W, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhang T. IL-27 inhibits the TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in alveolar epithelial cells. BMC Cell Biol 2016; 17:7. [PMID: 26932661 PMCID: PMC4774182 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-016-0084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-27 is a multifunctional cytokine that has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. Although IL-27 has been shown to potently inhibit lung fibrosis, the detailed mechanism of IL-27 in this process is poorly understood. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the key mechanisms involved in pulmonary fibrosis. We assessed the effects of IL-27 on TGF-β1-induced EMT in alveolar epithelial cells. METHODS A549 cells (a human AEC cell line) were incubated with TGF-β1, IL-27, or both TGF-β1 and IL-27, and changes in E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and a-SMA levels were measured using real-time PCR, western blotting and fluorescence microscopy. The related proteins in the JAK/STAT and TGF-β/Smad signalling pathways were examined by western blot. RESULTS IL-27 increased the expression of epithelial phenotypic markers, including E-cadherin and β-catenin, and inhibited mesenchymal phenotypic markers, including vimentin and a-SMA in A549 cells. Moreover, TGF-β1-induced EMT was attenuated by IL-27. Furthermore, we found that TGF-β1 activated the phosphorylation of JAK1, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, Smad1, Smad3 and Smad5, and IL-27 partially inhibited these changes in this process. When cells were treated with the STAT3 specific inhibitor wp1006 and the Smad3 specific inhibitor SIS3, the inhibition of EMT by IL-27 was significantly strengthened. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that IL-27 attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in alveolar epithelial cells in the absence or presence of TGF-β1 through the JAK/STAT and TGF-β/Smad signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxing Dong
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China.
| | - Wenlin Tai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China.
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China.
| | - ZhenKun Li
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China.
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78
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Lee YS, Park JS, Jung SM, Kim SD, Kim JH, Lee JY, Jung KC, Mamura M, Lee S, Kim SJ, Bae YS, Park SH. Inhibition of lethal inflammatory responses through the targeting of membrane-associated Toll-like receptor 4 signaling complexes with a Smad6-derived peptide. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:577-92. [PMID: 25766838 PMCID: PMC4492818 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that Smad6, one of the inhibitory Smads of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, inhibits Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling by disrupting the Pellino-1-mediated TLR4 signaling complex. Here, we developed Smaducin-6, a novel membrane-tethered palmitic acid-conjugated Smad6-derived peptide composed of amino acids 422–441 of Smad6. Smaducin-6 interacted with Pellino-1, located in the inner membrane, thereby disrupting the formation of IRAK1-, RIP1-, IKKε-mediated TLR4 signaling complexes. Systemic administration of Smaducin-6 showed a significant therapeutic effect on mouse TLR4-mediated inflammatory disease models, cecal-ligation–puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, and lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia, by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis while enhancing neutrophil migration and bacterial clearance. Our findings provide clues to develop new peptide-based drugs to target Pellino-1 protein in TLR4 signaling pathway for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Sook Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang-Doo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jun Hwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mizuko Mamura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hee Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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79
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Zhou X, Liu Z, Cheng X, Zheng Y, Zeng F, He Y. Socs1 and Socs3 degrades Traf6 via polyubiquitination in LPS-induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e2012. [PMID: 26633718 PMCID: PMC4720878 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms involved in inflammatory development during acute pancreatitis (AP) are largely vague, especially in the transformation of acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP) into acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). This current study aims to investigate the functions of Traf6 in different AP models in vitro and in vivo, and to identify the possible regulatory mechanism in the progression of inflammation from mild to severe. Our data revealed that the level of Traf6 expression was significantly increased in the mild AP induced by caerulein, and the upregulation of Traf6 played a protective role in acinar cells against caerulein-induced apoptosis. In contrast, only Traf6 protein but not mRNA was downregulated in the severe ANP induced by combination treatment of caerulein and LPS. Mechanistic studies showed that LPS upregulated the levels of Socs1 and Socs3 expressions in acinar cells, Socs1 and Socs3 interacted Traf6 directly and degraded Traf6 protein via polyubiquitination, thereby counteracted the protective function of Traf6. In vivo study further showed that combination treatment of caerulein and LPS failed to induce an ANP model in the TLR4 knockout mice, and the level of Traf6 expression in the pancreatic tissues remained the same as that from the acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP) mouse. Taken together, our study reveals that Traf6 functioned as a protective factor in the progression of AP, and LPS-induced Socs1 and Socs3 exacerbate mild AP to severe AP, which provides evidence for developing a new therapeutic target to combat AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhou
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid, The Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Z Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - X Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Y Zheng
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid, The Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - F Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Y He
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid, The Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
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80
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G'Sell RT, Gaffney PM, Powell DW. A20-Binding Inhibitor of NF-κB Activation 1 is a Physiologic Inhibitor of NF-κB: A Molecular Switch for Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2292-302. [PMID: 26097105 DOI: 10.1002/art.39245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel T G'Sell
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | | | - David W Powell
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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81
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Seet LF, Toh LZ, Finger SN, Chu SWL, Stefanovic B, Wong TT. Valproic acid suppresses collagen by selective regulation of Smads in conjunctival fibrosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:321-34. [PMID: 26507880 PMCID: PMC4803820 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Overproduction of type I collagen is associated with a wide range of fibrotic diseases as well as surgical failure such as in glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). Its modulation is therefore of clinical importance. Valproic acid (VPA) is known to reduce collagen in a variety of tissues with unclear mechanism of action. In this report, we demonstrate that VPA inhibited collagen production in both conjunctival fibroblasts and the mouse model of GFS. In fibroblasts, VPA decreased type I collagen expression which intensified with longer drug exposure and suppressed steady-state type I collagen promoter activity. Moreover, VPA decreased Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 but increased Smad6 expression with a similar intensity-exposure profile. Reduction of Smad3 using small hairpin RNA and/or overexpression of Smad6 resulted in decreased collagen expression which was exacerbated when VPA was simultaneously present. Furthermore, fibrogenic TGF-β2 failed to induce collagen when VPA was present, as opposed to the myofibroblast markers, beta-actin, alpha-smooth muscle actin and tenascin-C, which were elevated by TGF-β2. VPA suppressed p3TP-Lux luciferase activity and selectively rescued Smad6 expression from suppression by TGF-β2. Notably, SMAD6 overexpression reduced the effectiveness of TGF-β2 in inducing collagen expression. In corroboration, VPA inhibited type I collagen but increased Smad6 expression in the late phase of wound healing in the mouse model of GFS. Taken together, our data indicate that VPA has the capacity to effectively suppress both steady-state and fibrogenic activation of type I collagen expression by modulating Smad expression. Hence, VPA is potentially applicable as an anti-fibrotic therapeutic by targeting collagen. Key message: • VPA modulates type I collagen expression via members of the Smad family. • VPA suppresses Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 but upregulates Smad6. • Smad3 and Smad6 are involved in VPA regulation of steady-state collagen expression. • Smad6 is involved in VPA modulation of TGF-β-stimulated collagen expression. • VPA reduces collagen and upregulates Smad6 in the mouse model of glaucoma filtration surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fong Seet
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Li Zhen Toh
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharon N Finger
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephanie W L Chu
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Branko Stefanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Tina T Wong
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Center, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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82
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Identifying Novel Candidate Genes Related to Apoptosis from a Protein-Protein Interaction Network. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2015; 2015:715639. [PMID: 26543496 PMCID: PMC4620916 DOI: 10.1155/2015/715639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death (PCD) that occurs in multicellular organisms. This process of normal cell death is required to maintain the balance of homeostasis. In addition, some diseases, such as obesity, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, can be cured through apoptosis, which produces few side effects. An effective comprehension of the mechanisms underlying apoptosis will be helpful to prevent and treat some diseases. The identification of genes related to apoptosis is essential to uncover its underlying mechanisms. In this study, a computational method was proposed to identify novel candidate genes related to apoptosis. First, protein-protein interaction information was used to construct a weighted graph. Second, a shortest path algorithm was applied to the graph to search for new candidate genes. Finally, the obtained genes were filtered by a permutation test. As a result, 26 genes were obtained, and we discuss their likelihood of being novel apoptosis-related genes by collecting evidence from published literature.
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83
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Guven-Maiorov E, Keskin O, Gursoy A, Nussinov R. A Structural View of Negative Regulation of the Toll-like Receptor-Mediated Inflammatory Pathway. Biophys J 2015; 109:1214-26. [PMID: 26276688 PMCID: PMC4576153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway is integral to inflammatory defense mechanisms, its excessive signaling may be devastating. Cells have acquired a cascade of strategies to regulate TLR signaling by targeting protein-protein interactions, or ubiquitin chains, but the details of the inhibition mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we provide the structural basis for the regulation of TLR signaling by constructing architectures of protein-protein interactions. Structural data suggest that 1) Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain-containing regulators (BCAP, SIGIRR, and ST2) interfere with TIR domain signalosome formation; 2) major deubiquitinases such as A20, CYLD, and DUBA prevent association of TRAF6 and TRAF3 with their partners, in addition to removing K63-linked ubiquitin chains that serve as a docking platform for downstream effectors; 3) alternative downstream pathways of TLRs also restrict signaling by competing to bind common partners through shared binding sites. We also performed in silico mutagenesis analysis to characterize the effects of oncogenic mutations on the negative regulators and to observe the cellular outcome (whether there is/is not inflammation). Missense mutations that fall on interfaces and nonsense/frameshift mutations that result in truncated negative regulators disrupt the interactions with the targets, thereby enabling constitutive activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B, and contributing to chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Guven-Maiorov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Keskin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Attila Gursoy
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Computer Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland; Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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84
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Luzina IG, Todd NW, Sundararajan S, Atamas SP. The cytokines of pulmonary fibrosis: Much learned, much more to learn. Cytokine 2015; 74:88-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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85
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) superfamily signaling regulates essential reproductive functions. Dysregulation of TGFB signaling results in cellular and molecular deficiencies in the ovary, leading to reproductive diseases and cancer development. SMAD proteins are canonical TGFB signaling components consisting of receptor-regulated SMADs (SMAD1/2/3/5/9), a common SMAD (SMAD4), and inhibitory SMADs (SMAD6/7). Inhibitory SMADs are negative regulators of TGFB and bone morphogenetic protein signaling, and their reproductive functions are poorly defined. Emerging evidence supports that inhibitory SMADs are potential regulators of ovarian function. Further efforts and new genetic models are needed to unveil the role of inhibitory SMADs in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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86
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Liu SZ, He XM, Zhou XY, Xiang CN. Significance of changes in Toll-like receptor 4 and TRAF6 expression in intestinal ischemic injury in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:4901-4906. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i32.4901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the changes in the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and tumor necrosis factor receptor associated-factor 6 (TRAF6) in intestinal ischemic injury in rats and to analyze their significance.
METHODS: Thirty-two adult male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: a sham operation group, and 1-, 3- and 6-h ischemia groups. Superior mesenteric artery ligation was performed in SD rats to induce intestinal ischemia. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were carried out to detect the expression of TLR4 and TRAF6 in intestinal tissues. Meanwhile, the level of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured.
RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group (20.65 U/L ± 6.88 U/L), MPO level was slightly elevated in the intestine in the 1-h ischemia group (23.27 U/L ± 3.00 U/L), but significantly increased in the 3-h (35.73 U/L ± 5.04 U/L, P < 0.01) and 6-h ischemia groups (51.79 U/L ± 2.27 U/L, P < 0.01). TLR4 expression gradually increased in the three ischemia groups (P < 0.01), while TRAF6 expression decreased in the intestine in the 1-h ischemia group, but rapidly increased in the 3- and 6-h groups (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: TLR4 and TRAF6 may be involved in regulating intestinal damage and inflammatory processes in rats with intestinal ischemic injury.
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Herhaus L, Sapkota GP. The emerging roles of deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) in the TGFβ and BMP pathways. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2186-92. [PMID: 25007997 PMCID: PMC4443431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) family of cytokines, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), play fundamental roles in development and tissue homeostasis. Hence, aberrant TGFβ/BMP signalling is associated with several human diseases such as fibrosis, bone and immune disorders, cancer progression and metastasis. Consequently, targeting TGFβ signalling for intervention potentially offers therapeutic opportunities against these diseases. Many investigations have focussed on understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the regulation of TGFβ signalling. One of the key areas has been to investigate the regulation of the protein components of the TGFβ/BMP signal transduction pathways by ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation. In the last 15years, extensive research has led to the discovery and characterisation of several E3 ubiquitin ligases that influence the TGFβ pathway. However, the research on DUBs regulating the TGFβ pathway has received prominence only recently and is still an emerging field. This review will provide a concise summary of our current understanding of how DUBs regulate TGFβ signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Herhaus
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH Scotland, United Kingdom.
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A20-An Omnipotent Protein in the Liver: Prometheus Myth Resolved? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 809:117-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0398-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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