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Manuel AP, Shankar K. Hot Electrons in TiO 2-Noble Metal Nano-Heterojunctions: Fundamental Science and Applications in Photocatalysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1249. [PMID: 34068571 PMCID: PMC8151081 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic photocatalysis enables innovation by harnessing photonic energy across a broad swathe of the solar spectrum to drive chemical reactions. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments and issues for advanced research in plasmonic hot electron driven photocatalytic technologies focusing on TiO2-noble metal nanoparticle heterojunctions. In-depth discussions on fundamental hot electron phenomena in plasmonic photocatalysis is the focal point of this review. We summarize hot electron dynamics, elaborate on techniques to probe and measure said phenomena, and provide perspective on potential applications-photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, CO2 photoreduction, and photoelectrochemical water splitting-that benefit from this technology. A contentious and hitherto unexplained phenomenon is the wavelength dependence of plasmonic photocatalysis. Many published reports on noble metal-metal oxide nanostructures show action spectra where quantum yields closely follow the absorption corresponding to higher energy interband transitions, while an equal number also show quantum efficiencies that follow the optical response corresponding to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). We have provided a working hypothesis for the first time to reconcile these contradictory results and explain why photocatalytic action in certain plasmonic systems is mediated by interband transitions and in others by hot electrons produced by the decay of particle plasmons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P. Manuel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada;
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada;
- Future Energy Systems Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1K4, Canada
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52
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Song Y, Liu X, Li Y, Nguyen HH, Duan R, Kubarych KJ, Forrest SR, Ogilvie JP. Mechanistic Study of Charge Separation in a Nonfullerene Organic Donor-Acceptor Blend Using Multispectral Multidimensional Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3410-3416. [PMID: 33788566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) based on nonfullerene acceptors are now approaching commercially viable efficiencies. One key to their success is efficient charge separation with low potential loss at the donor-acceptor heterojunction. Due to the lack of spectroscopic probes, open questions remain about the mechanisms of charge separation. Here, we study charge separation of a model system composed of the donor, poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione) (PBDB-T), and the nonfullerene acceptor, 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (ITIC), using multidimensional spectroscopy spanning the visible to the mid-infrared. We find that bound polaron pairs (BPPs) generated within ITIC domains play a dominant role in efficient hole transfer, transitioning to delocalized polarons within 100 fs. The weak electron-hole binding within the BPPs and the resulting polaron delocalization are key factors for efficient charge separation at nearly zero driving force. Our work provides useful insight into how to further improve the power conversion efficiency in OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Song
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yongxi Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hoang Huy Nguyen
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rong Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kevin J Kubarych
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stephen R Forrest
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer P Ogilvie
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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53
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Guo S, Gao B, Li D. New GSH-responsive amphiphilic zinc(II) phthalocyanine micelles as efficient drug carriers for combinatorial cancer therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapies for the treatment of cancer have attracted wide attention. The poor selectivity and biocompatibility of photosensitizers (PS) limit the use of combination therapies in chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. In this work, the Gender PS (mPEG-[Formula: see text]-PLA-S-S-ZnPC), asymmetric zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPC) and mono-methoxy oxygen-based polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid (mPEG-b-PLA) were designed and synthesized for PDT through disulfide bond (-S-S-). The amphipathic PS could be self-assembled into a micelle in aqueous solution, and paclitaxel (PTX) was encapsulated in the core of the micelle for chemotherapy (PTX/mPEG-[Formula: see text]-PLA-S-S-ZnPc). The PTX/mPEG-[Formula: see text]-PLA-S-S-ZnPc micelle was spherical with a uniform diameter of about 184 nm. At the first 48 h, the release behaviors of ZnPC and PTX at 10 mmol / L GSH were 30% and 75.2%, respectively. These results suggested that GSH-responsive PTX/mPEG-[Formula: see text]-PLA-S-S-ZnPc micelle was an active ingredient in combination therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlei Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130022, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dongni Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130022, China
- China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China
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54
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Roth F, Borgwardt M, Wenthaus L, Mahl J, Palutke S, Brenner G, Mercurio G, Molodtsov S, Wurth W, Gessner O, Eberhardt W. Direct observation of charge separation in an organic light harvesting system by femtosecond time-resolved XPS. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1196. [PMID: 33608532 PMCID: PMC7895929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultrafast dynamics of photon-to-charge conversion in an organic light-harvesting system is studied by femtosecond time-resolved X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (TR-XPS) at the free-electron laser FLASH. This novel experimental technique provides site-specific information about charge separation and enables the monitoring of free charge carrier generation dynamics on their natural timescale, here applied to the model donor-acceptor system CuPc:C60. A previously unobserved channel for exciton dissociation into mobile charge carriers is identified, providing the first direct, real-time characterization of the timescale and efficiency of charge generation from low-energy charge-transfer states in an organic heterojunction. The findings give strong support to the emerging realization that charge separation even from energetically disfavored excitonic states is contributing significantly, indicating new options for light harvesting in organic heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Roth
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Mario Borgwardt
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lukas Wenthaus
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science/DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Mahl
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Serguei Molodtsov
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
- European XFEL GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany
- ITMO University, Kronverksky pr. 49, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Wilfried Wurth
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science/DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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55
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Hansmann AK, Döring RC, Rinn A, Giesen SM, Fey M, Breuer T, Berger R, Witte G, Chatterjee S. Charge Transfer Excitation and Asymmetric Energy Transfer at the Interface of Pentacene-Perfluoropentacene Heterostacks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5284-5292. [PMID: 33492144 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-performance solar cells demand efficient charge-carrier excitation, separation, and extraction. These requirements hold particularly true for molecular photovoltaics, where large exciton binding energies render charge separation challenging at their commonly complex donor-acceptor interface structure. Among others, charge-transfer (CT) states are considered to be important precursors for exciton dissociation and charge separation. However, the general nature of CT excitons and their formation pathways remain unclear. Layered quasiplanar crystalline molecular heterostructures of the prototypical donor-acceptor system pentacene-perfluoropentacene studied at cryogenic temperatures are a paramount model system to gain insights into the underlying physical mechanism. In particular, a detailed experiment-theory analysis on a layered heterojunction featuring perfluoropentacene in its π-stacked polymorph and pentacene in the Siegrist phase indicates that exciton diffusion in unitary films can influence the formation efficiency of CT excitons localized at internal interfaces for these conditions. The correlation of the structural characteristics, that is, the molecular arrangement at the interfaces, with their absorption and photoluminescence excitation spectra is consistent with exciton transfer from pentacene to the CT exciton state only, whereas no transfer of excitons from the perfluoropentacene is detected. Electronic structure calculations of the model systems and investigation of coupling matrix elements between the various electronic states involved suggest hampered exciton diffusion toward the internal interface in the perfluoropentacene films. The asymmetric energy landscape around an idealized internal donor-acceptor interface thus is identified as a reason for asymmetric energy transfer. Thus, long-range effects apparently can influence charge separation in crystalline molecular heterostructures, similar to band gap bowing, which is well established for inorganic pn-junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Katharina Hansmann
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, Marburg D-35032, Germany
| | - Robin C Döring
- Institute of Experimental Physics I and Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andre Rinn
- Institute of Experimental Physics I and Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Steffen M Giesen
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, Marburg D-35032, Germany
| | - Melanie Fey
- Institute of Experimental Physics I and Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Breuer
- Department of Physics and Materials Sciences Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Renthof 7, Marburg D-35032, Germany
| | - Robert Berger
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, Marburg D-35032, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Department of Physics and Materials Sciences Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Renthof 7, Marburg D-35032, Germany
| | - Sangam Chatterjee
- Institute of Experimental Physics I and Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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56
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Zhang M, Zheng CJ, Lin H, Tao SL. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence exciplex emitters for high-performance organic light-emitting diodes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:401-425. [PMID: 34821262 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01245a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their natural thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics, the development of exciplex emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has witnessed booming progress in recent years. Formed between electron-donating and electron-accepting molecules, exciplexes with intermolecular charge transfer processes have unique advantages compared with unimolecular TADF materials, offering a new way to develop high-performance TADF emitters. In this review, a comprehensive overview of TADF exciplex emitters is presented with a focus on the relationship between the constituents of exciplexes and their electroluminescence performance. We summarize and discuss the latest and most significant developments of TADF exciplex emitters. Notably, the design principles of efficient TADF exciplex emitters are systematically categorized into three systems within this review. These progressive achievements of TADF exciplex emitters point out future challenges to trigger more research endeavors in this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China.
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57
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Wang F, Fu Y, Ziffer ME, Dai Y, Maehrlein SF, Zhu XY. Solvated Electrons in Solids-Ferroelectric Large Polarons in Lead Halide Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5-16. [PMID: 33320656 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solvation plays a pivotal role in chemistry and biology. A solid-state analogy of solvation is polaron formation, but the magnitude of Coulomb screening is typically an order of magnitude weaker than that of solvation in aqueous solutions. Here, we describe a new class of polarons, the ferroelectric large polaron, proposed initially by Miyata and Zhu in 2018 (Miyata, K.; Zhu, X.-Y. Ferroelectric Large Polarons. Nat. Mater. 2018, 17 (5), 379-381). This type of polaron allows efficient Coulomb screening of an electron or hole by extended ordering of dipoles from symmetry-broken unit cells. The local ordering is reflected in the ferroelectric-like THz dielectric responses of lead halide perovskites (LHPs) and may be partially responsible for their exceptional optoelectronic performances. Despite the likely absence of long-range ferroelectricity in LHPs, a charge carrier may be localized to and/or induce the formation of nanoscale domain boundaries of locally ordered dipoles. Based on the known planar nature of energetically favorable domain boundaries in ferroelectric materials, we propose that a ferroelectric polaron localizes to planar boundaries of transient polar nanodomains. This proposal is supported by dynamic simulations showing sheet-like transient electron or hole wave functions in LHPs. Thus, the Belgian-waffle-shaped ferroelectric polaron in the three-dimensional LHP crystal structure is a large polaron in two dimensions and a small polaron in the perpendicular direction. The ferroelectric large polaron may form in other crystalline solids characterized by dynamic symmetry breaking and polar fluctuations. We suggest that the ability to form ferroelectric large polarons can be a general principle for the efficient screening of charge carriers from scattering with other charge carriers, with charged defects and with longitudinal optical phonons, thus contributing to enhanced optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yongping Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Mark E Ziffer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sebastian F Maehrlein
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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58
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Yamijala SSRKC, Huo P. Direct Nonadiabatic Simulations of the Photoinduced Charge Transfer Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:628-635. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharma S. R. K. C. Yamijala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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59
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Lee KJ, Beyreuther E, Jalil SA, Kim SJ, Eng LM, Guo C, André P. Optical-field driven charge-transfer modulations near composite nanostructures. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6150. [PMID: 33262344 PMCID: PMC7708636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical activation of material properties illustrates the potentials held by tuning light-matter interactions with impacts ranging from basic science to technological applications. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that composite nanostructures providing nonlocal environments can be engineered to optically trigger photoinduced charge-transfer-dynamic modulations in the solid state. The nanostructures explored herein lead to out-of-phase behavior between charge separation and recombination dynamics, along with linear charge-transfer-dynamic variations with the optical-field intensity. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, up to 270% increase in charge separation rate is obtained in organic semiconductor thin films. We provide evidence that composite nanostructures allow for surface photovoltages to be created, which kinetics vary with the composite architecture and last beyond optical pulse temporal characteristics. Furthermore, by generalizing Marcus theory framework, we explain why charge-transfer-dynamic modulations can only be unveiled when optic-field effects are enhanced by nonlocal image-dipole interactions. Our demonstration, that composite nanostructures can be designed to take advantage of optical fields for tuneable charge-transfer-dynamic remote actuators, opens the path for their use in practical applications ranging from photochemistry to optoelectronics. Controlling and modulating charge transfer dynamics in composite nanostructures, though promising for optoelectronic applications, remains a challenge. Here, the authors report optical control of charge separation and recombination processes in organic semiconductor-based composite nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Jin Lee
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA. .,Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sohail A Jalil
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.,Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Changchun, China
| | | | - Lukas M Eng
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chunlei Guo
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Pascal André
- CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Villeurbanne, France. .,RIKEN, Wako, Japan.
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60
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Exploring the effects of axial halogen substitutions of subphthalocyanine on the charge transfer nature in subPC/C60 solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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61
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Emmerich S, Hedwig S, Arnoldi B, Stöckl J, Haag F, Hemm R, Cinchetti M, Mathias S, Stadtmüller B, Aeschlimann M. Ultrafast Charge-Transfer Exciton Dynamics in C 60 Thin Films. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:23579-23587. [PMID: 33193941 PMCID: PMC7659033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c08011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The high flexibility of organic molecules offers great potential for designing the optical properties of optically active materials for the next generation of optoelectronic and photonic applications. However, despite successful implementations of molecular materials in today's display and photovoltaic technology, many fundamental aspects of the light-to-charge conversion in molecular materials have still to be uncovered. Here, we focus on the ultrafast dynamics of optically excited excitons in C60 thin films depending on the molecular coverage and the light polarization of the optical excitation. Using time- and momentum-resolved photoemission with femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (fs-XUV) radiation, we follow the exciton dynamics in the excited states while simultaneously monitoring the signatures of the excitonic charge character in the renormalization of the molecular valence band structure. Optical excitation with visible light results in the instantaneous formation of charge-transfer (CT) excitons, which transform stepwise into Frenkel-like excitons at lower energies. The number and energetic position of the CT and Frenkel-like excitons within this cascade process are independent of the molecular coverage and the light polarization of the optical excitation. In contrast, the depopulation times of the CT and Frenkel-like excitons depend on the molecular coverage, while the excitation efficiency of CT excitons is determined by the light polarization. Our comprehensive study reveals the crucial role of CT excitons for the excited-state dynamics of homomolecular fullerene materials and thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Emmerich
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
- Graduate
School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hedwig
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Benito Arnoldi
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Florian Haag
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
- Graduate
School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Ralf Hemm
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Mirko Cinchetti
- Experimentelle
Physik VI, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Dortmund 44221, Germany
| | - Stefan Mathias
- I.
Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz
1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- International
Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stadtmüller
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
- Graduate
School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Martin Aeschlimann
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
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62
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Rijal K, Rudayni F, Kafle TR, Chan WL. Collective Effects of Band Offset and Wave Function Dimensionality on Impeding Electron Transfer from 2D to Organic Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7495-7501. [PMID: 32812767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state electron transfer (ET) across molecules/transition metal dichalcogenide crystal (TMDC) interfaces is a critical process for the functioning of various organic/TMDC hybrid optoelectronic devices. Therefore, it is important to understand the fundamental factors that can facilitate or limit the ET rate. Here it is found that an undesirable combination of the interfacial band offset and the spatial dimensionality of the delocalized electron wave function can significantly slow down the ET process. Specifically, it is found that whereas the ET rate from TMDCs (MoS2 and WSe2) to fullerenes is relative insensitive to the band offset, the ET rate from TMDCs to perylene molecules can be reduced by an order of magnitude when the band offset is large. For the perylene crystal, the sensitivity of the ET rate on the band offset is explained by the 1D nature of the electronic wave function, which limits the availability of states with the appropriate energy to accept the electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Rijal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Fatimah Rudayni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Tika R Kafle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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63
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Wadsworth A, Hamid Z, Kosco J, Gasparini N, McCulloch I. The Bulk Heterojunction in Organic Photovoltaic, Photodetector, and Photocatalytic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001763. [PMID: 32754970 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors require an energetic offset in order to photogenerate free charge carriers efficiently, owing to their inability to effectively screen charges. This is vitally important in order to achieve high power conversion efficiencies in organic solar cells. Early heterojunction-based solar cells were limited to relatively modest efficiencies (<4%) owing to limitations such as poor exciton dissociation, limited photon harvesting, and high recombination losses. The development of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) has significantly overcome these issues, resulting in dramatic improvements in organic photovoltaic performance, now exceeding 18% power conversion efficiencies. Here, the design and engineering strategies used to develop the optimal bulk heterojunction for solar-cell, photodetector, and photocatalytic applications are discussed. Additionally, the thermodynamic driving forces in the creation and stability of the bulk heterojunction are presented, along with underlying photophysics in these blends. Finally, new opportunities to apply the knowledge accrued from BHJ solar cells to generate free charges for use in promising new applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wadsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zeinab Hamid
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jan Kosco
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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64
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Dynamic behavior of photogenerated charge carriers in diketopyrrolopyrrole-linked tetrabenzoporphyrin-based bulk heterojunction thin films probed with time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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65
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Liu XY, Li ZW, Fang WH, Cui G. Nonadiabatic Exciton and Charge Separation Dynamics at Interfaces of Zinc Phthalocyanine and Fullerene: Orientation Does Matter. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7388-7398. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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66
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Zhao W, Zhang F, Dai X, Jin W, Xiang L, Ding J, Wang X, Wan Y, Shen H, He Z, Wang J, Gao X, Zou Y, Di CA, Zhu D. Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of n-Type Organic Semiconductor via Electric Field Modulated Photo-Thermoelectric Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000273. [PMID: 32579297 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modulating photophysical processes is a fundamental way for tuning performance of many organic devices. However, it has not been explored as an effective strategy to manipulate the thermoelectric (TE) conversion of organic semiconductors (OSCs) owing to their critical requirement to carrier concentration (>1018 cm-3 ) and the fact of low exciton separation efficiency in single element OSCs. Here, an electric field modulated photo-thermoelectric (P-TE) effect in an n-type OSC is demonstrated to realize a significant improvement of TE performance. The electrical and spectroscopy characterizations reveal that the electric field gating generates combined modulation of exciton separation, charge screening, and carrier recombination, which produces a more than ten times improvement of photoinduced carrier concentration. These coupled processes contribute to the unconventional Seebeck coefficient (S)-electrical conductivity (σ) trade-off relationship of the photoexcited films, therefore leading to a more than 500% enhancement in the power factor for n-type OTE semiconductors. This work opens a unique way toward state-of-the-art organic P-TE materials for energy harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenlong Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lanyi Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiamin Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hongguang Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zihan He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Centre for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ye Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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67
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Xu Y, Yao H, Ma L, Wang J, Hou J. Efficient charge generation at low energy losses in organic solar cells: a key issues review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:082601. [PMID: 32375132 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab90cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Light absorption generates strongly bound excitons in organic solar cells (OSCs). To obtain efficient charge generation, a large driving force is required, which causes a large energy loss (E loss) and severely hinders the improvement in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs. Recently, the development of non-fullerene OSCs has seen great success, and the resulting OSCs can yield highly efficient charge generation with a negligible driving force, which raises a fundamental question about how the excitons split into free charges. From a chemical structure perspective, the molecular electrostatic potential differences between donors and acceptors may play a critical role in facilitating charge separation. Although the E loss caused by charge generation has been suppressed, charge recombination, particularly via non-radiative pathways, severely limits further improvements in the PCEs. In OSCs with negligible driving forces, the lowest excited state, a hybrid local exciton-charge transfer state, is believed to have a strong association with the non-radiative E loss. This review discusses the efficient charge generation at low E loss values in highly efficient OSCs and highlights the issues that should be tackled to further improve the PCEs to new levels (∼20%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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68
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Sharma A, Zhang L, Tollerud JO, Dong M, Zhu Y, Halbich R, Vogl T, Liang K, Nguyen HT, Wang F, Sanwlani S, Earl SK, Macdonald D, Lam PK, Davis JA, Lu Y. Supertransport of excitons in atomically thin organic semiconductors at the 2D quantum limit. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:116. [PMID: 32655861 PMCID: PMC7338549 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-range and fast transport of coherent excitons is important for the development of high-speed excitonic circuits and quantum computing applications. However, most of these coherent excitons have only been observed in some low-dimensional semiconductors when coupled with cavities, as there are large inhomogeneous broadening and dephasing effects on the transport of excitons in their native states in materials. Here, by confining coherent excitons at the 2D quantum limit, we first observed molecular aggregation-enabled 'supertransport' of excitons in atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) organic semiconductors between coherent states, with a measured high effective exciton diffusion coefficient of ~346.9 cm2/s at room temperature. This value is one to several orders of magnitude higher than the values reported for other organic molecular aggregates and low-dimensional inorganic materials. Without coupling to any optical cavities, the monolayer pentacene sample, a very clean 2D quantum system (~1.2 nm thick) with high crystallinity (J-type aggregation) and minimal interfacial states, showed superradiant emission from Frenkel excitons, which was experimentally confirmed by the temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) emission, highly enhanced radiative decay rate, significantly narrowed PL peak width and strongly directional in-plane emission. The coherence in monolayer pentacene samples was observed to be delocalised over ~135 molecules, which is significantly larger than the values (a few molecules) observed for other organic thin films. In addition, the supertransport of excitons in monolayer pentacene samples showed highly anisotropic behaviour. Our results pave the way for the development of future high-speed excitonic circuits, fast OLEDs, and other optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Linglong Zhang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jonathan O. Tollerud
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Miheng Dong
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Yi Zhu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Robert Halbich
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Tobias Vogl
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Kun Liang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hieu T. Nguyen
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Shilpa Sanwlani
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Stuart K. Earl
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Daniel Macdonald
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jeffrey A. Davis
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
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69
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Wang R, Zhang C, Li Q, Zhang Z, Wang X, Xiao M. Charge Separation from an Intra-Moiety Intermediate State in the High-Performance PM6:Y6 Organic Photovoltaic Blend. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12751-12759. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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70
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Xie B, Xie R, Zhang K, Yin Q, Hu Z, Yu G, Huang F, Cao Y. Self-filtering narrowband high performance organic photodetectors enabled by manipulating localized Frenkel exciton dissociation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2871. [PMID: 32514001 PMCID: PMC7280211 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The high binding energy and low diffusion length of photogenerated Frenkel excitons have long been viewed as major drawbacks of organic semiconductors. Therefore, bulk heterojunction structure has been widely adopted to assist exciton dissociation in organic photon-electron conversion devices. Here, we demonstrate that these intrinsically “poor” properties of Frenkel excitons, in fact, offer great opportunities to achieve self-filtering narrowband organic photodetectors with the help of a hierarchical device structure to intentionally manipulate the dissociation of Frenkel excitons. With this strategy, filter-free narrowband organic photodetector centered at 860 nm with full-width-at-half-maximum of around 50 nm, peak external quantum efficiency around 65% and peak specific detectivity over 1013 Jones are obtained, which is one the best performed no-gain type narrowband organic photodetectors ever reported and comparable to commercialized silicon photodetectors. This novel device structure along with its design concept may help create low cost and reliable narrowband organic photodetectors for practical applications. Narrowband organic photodetectors (OPDs) are attractive for emerging applications. Here, the authors report a simple strategy to produce filter-free narrowband OPDs with outstanding performances by manipulating exciton dissociation with a hierarchical device structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, 510640, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qingwu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, 510640, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, 510640, Guangzhou, China
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71
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Muolo A, Baiardi A, Feldmann R, Reiher M. Nuclear-electronic all-particle density matrix renormalization group. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:204103. [PMID: 32486651 DOI: 10.1063/5.0007166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce the Nuclear-Electronic All-Particle Density Matrix Renormalization Group (NEAP-DMRG) method for solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation simultaneously for electrons and other quantum species. In contrast to the already existing multicomponent approaches, in this work, we construct from the outset a multi-reference trial wave function with stochastically optimized non-orthogonal Gaussian orbitals. By iterative refining of the Gaussians' positions and widths, we obtain a compact multi-reference expansion for the multicomponent wave function. We extend the DMRG algorithm to multicomponent wave functions to take into account inter- and intra-species correlation effects. The efficient parameterization of the total wave function as a matrix product state allows NEAP-DMRG to accurately approximate the full configuration interaction energies of molecular systems with more than three nuclei and 12 particles in total, which is currently a major challenge for other multicomponent approaches. We present the NEAP-DMRG results for two few-body systems, i.e., H2 and H3 +, and one larger system, namely, BH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Muolo
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Baiardi
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robin Feldmann
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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72
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Establishing charge-transfer excitons in 2D perovskite heterostructures. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2618. [PMID: 32457289 PMCID: PMC7250833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge-transfer excitons (CTEs) immensely enrich property-tuning capabilities of semiconducting materials. However, such concept has been remaining as unexplored topic within halide perovskite structures. Here, we report that CTEs can be effectively formed in heterostructured 2D perovskites prepared by mixing PEA2PbI4:PEA2SnI4, functioning as host and guest components. Remarkably, a broad emission can be demonstrated with quick formation of 3 ps but prolonged lifetime of ~0.5 μs. This broad PL presents the hypothesis of CTEs, verified by the exclusion of lattice distortion and doping effects through demonstrating double-layered PEA2PbI4/PEA2SnI4 heterostructure when shearing-away PEA2SnI4 film onto the surface of PEA2PbI4 film by using hand-finger pressing method. The below-bandgap photocurrent indicates that CTEs are vital states formed at PEA2PbI4:PEA2SnI4 interfaces in 2D perovskite heterostructures. Electroluminescence shows that CTEs can be directly formed with electrically injected carriers in perovskite LEDs. Clearly, the CTEs presents a new mechanism to advance the multifunctionalities in 2D perovskites. Forming charge transfer excitons (CTEs) exclusively within perovskite structures remains as an unexplored issue. Here, the authors report the establishment of CTEs for demonstrating broad light emission within quasi-2D perovskite heterostructures, presenting “intermolecular-type” excited states.
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73
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Chung J, Khot A, Savoie BM, Boudouris BW. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Recent Advances and Opportunities for Mixed Ion and Charge Conducting Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:646-655. [PMID: 35648568 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecules that exhibit both electron transport and ionic mass transport (i.e., mixed conducting polymers) are ascendant with respect to both emerging application spaces and the elucidation of their fundamental physical principles. The unique coupling between the two modes of conduction puts these materials at the center of many next-generation organic electronic applications. The molecular details of this coupling are also at the epicenter of outstanding questions about how these materials function; how monomer and macromolecular chemistry dictates observable properties; and ultimately, how these macromolecular materials can be rationally designed, processed, and implemented into high-performance devices. Here, we focus on what is currently known about coupled ionic-electronic transport in these polymers and where there are open opportunities in the field. These opportunities include the syntheses of designer macromolecules, the need for significant simulation efforts that provide molecular-level insights into the mixed conduction mechanism, and the need for advanced characterization techniques for real-time monitoring of polymer morphology, as this is critical to coupled ion-charge transport processes. Considering the early stage of this important subfield of polymer science, we also present our view of how the development of mixed conductors can benefit from the lessons learned from previous polymer-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyub Chung
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Aditi Khot
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brett M. Savoie
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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74
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Wang YS, Nijjar P, Zhou X, Bondar DI, Prezhdo OV. Combining Lindblad Master Equation and Surface Hopping to Evolve Distributions of Quantum Particles. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4326-4337. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Siang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Parmeet Nijjar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, P. R. China
| | - Denys I. Bondar
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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75
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Tu Z, Han G, Yi Y. Barrier-Free Charge Separation Enabled by Electronic Polarization in High-Efficiency Non-fullerene Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2585-2591. [PMID: 32163716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The separation of charge-transfer states into free charges at the donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces plays a central role in organic solar cells (OSCs). Because of strong Coulomb attraction, the separation mechanisms are elusive, particularly for the high-efficiency non-fullerene (NF) OSCs with low exciton-dissociation driving forces. Here, we demonstrate that the Coulomb barriers can be substantially overcome by electronic polarization for OSCs based on a series of A-D-A acceptors (ITIC, IT-4F, and Y6). In contrast to fullerene-based D/A heterojunctions, the polarization energies for both donor holes and acceptor electrons are remarkably increased from the interfaces to pure regions in the NF heterojunctions because of strong stabilization on electrons but destabilization on holes by electrostatic interactions in the A-D-A acceptors. In particular, upon incorporation of fluorine substituents and electron-poor cores into ITIC, the increased polarization energies can completely compensate for the Coulomb attraction in the IT-4F- and Y6-based heterojunctions, leading to barrierless charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Tu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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76
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Liao CK, Phan J, Martinez-Barron H, Mahmoud MA. Modulating the Optical Band Gap of Small Semiconducting Two-Dimensional Materials by Conjugated Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2574-2583. [PMID: 32090574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high-resolution optical microscopic techniques are used to measure the reflectance and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of individual monolayered MoS2 of dimensions below 200 × 200 nm, while placed on top of a thin film conjugated polymer (CP). p-type and n-type CPs such as poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), respectively, modified the optical band gap of the MoS2 sheet differently. However, the optical band gap is decreased after integration with P3HT, while it is increased after being combined with PCBM. The acceptable reason for the modification of the band gap of MoS2 by CPs is the generation of interlayer excitons (ILE) at their interface. The optical band gap of MoS2 is further changed by introducing an inert polymer spacer of different thickness to separate MoS2 from the CP. This is attributed to the reduction of the efficiency of excitonic interactions and lowering the exciton binding energy, which is induced by the increase of the dielectric function at the CP-MoS2 interface. No sign of electron injection to the conduction band of MoS2 after integration with P3HT or PCBM, as no significant shift of the A1' Raman band of MoS2 was measured on top of CPs, which is sensitive to the electron injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kai Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Jasmine Phan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Heber Martinez-Barron
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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77
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Feng W, Wang T, Testoff TT, Bridgmohan CN, Zhao C, Sun H, Hu W, Li W, Liu D, Wang L, Zhou X. Exploiting singlet excited state conformation for rational design of highly efficient photoinduced electron transfer molecules. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:118016. [PMID: 31923789 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.118016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the pivotal role of excited state electronic structures as regulation of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process, the effect of excited state conformation on PET remains elusive. Here we exploit distinguishable emission characters of trans and cis singlet excited states of donor-acceptor-donor ensemble MTPAAZO to reveal that its PET efficiency and rate are closely depended on its singlet excited state conformation. The PET process occurs solely in cis conformation of MTPAAZO singlet excited states. Novel molecule (MTPA)2Ab as-designed with similar structure of MTPAAZO cis singlet excited states shows high PET efficacy and rate, leading to long-lived CS states. Our findings enable the rational design of the novel molecules with highly efficient PET process suitable for charge separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Tianyang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Thomas T Testoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Chelsea N Bridgmohan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Chuanwu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Haiya Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Dongzhi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Lichang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States.
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.
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78
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Bairagi K, Romero DG, Calavalle F, Catalano S, Zuccatti E, Llopis R, Casanova F, Hueso LE. Room-Temperature Operation of a p-Type Molecular Spin Photovoltaic Device on a Transparent Substrate. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906908. [PMID: 31944432 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of diverse degrees of freedom opens the door to physical effects that go beyond each of them individually, making multifunctionality a much sought-after attribute for high-performance devices. Here, the multifunctional operation of a single-layer p-type organic device, displaying both spin transport and photovoltaic effect at the room temperature on a transparent substrate, is shown. The generated photovoltage is almost three times larger than the applied bias to the device which facilitates the modulation of the magnetic response of the device with both bias and light. The device shows an increase in power conversion efficiency under magnetic field, an ability to invert the current with magnetic field and under certain conditions it can act as a spin photodetector with zero power consumption in the standby mode. The room-temperature exploitation of the interplay among light, bias, and magnetic field in the single device with a p-type molecule opens a way toward the development of efficient high-performance spin photovoltaic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Bairagi
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
| | | | | | - Sara Catalano
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
| | | | - Roger Llopis
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Luis E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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79
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Vibronic coherence contributes to photocurrent generation in organic semiconductor heterojunction diodes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:617. [PMID: 32001688 PMCID: PMC6992633 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge separation dynamics after the absorption of a photon is a fundamental process relevant both for photosynthetic reaction centers and artificial solar conversion devices. It has been proposed that quantum coherence plays a role in the formation of charge carriers in organic photovoltaics, but experimental proofs have been lacking. Here we report experimental evidence of coherence in the charge separation process in organic donor/acceptor heterojunctions, in the form of low frequency oscillatory signature in the kinetics of the transient absorption and nonlinear two-dimensional photocurrent spectroscopy. The coherence plays a decisive role in the initial ~200 femtoseconds as we observe distinct experimental signatures of coherent photocurrent generation. This coherent process breaks the energy barrier limitation for charge formation, thus competing with excitation energy transfer. The physics may inspire the design of new photovoltaic materials with high device performance, which explore the quantum effects in the next-generation optoelectronic applications. Although coherent vibrational motion in donor-acceptor blends may contribute to photogeneration generation in organic solar cells (OSCs), proof of a direct correlation is still lacking. Here, the authors report the role of vibrational coherence on photocurrent generation in ternary OSC blends.
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80
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Vandewal K, Mertens S, Benduhn J, Liu Q. The Cost of Converting Excitons into Free Charge Carriers in Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:129-135. [PMID: 31829597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient exciton dissociation and subsequent generation of free charge carriers at the organic donor-acceptor interface requires a number of electron-transfer processes. It is a common view that these steps result in an unavoidable energy loss in organic photovoltaic devices that is not present in other types of solar cells. The currently best performing organic solar cells with power conversion efficiencies over 16% challenge this view, and no interfacial charge-transfer states with energy significantly lower than the strongly absorbing singlet states are detected within the gap of the used donor and acceptor materials. This Perspective will discuss implications, the remaining sources of energy loss, and open questions to be solved to achieve power conversion efficiencies over 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Vandewal
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC) , Hasselt University , Wetenschapspark 1 , 3590 Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Sigurd Mertens
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC) , Hasselt University , Wetenschapspark 1 , 3590 Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Johannes Benduhn
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Quan Liu
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC) , Hasselt University , Wetenschapspark 1 , 3590 Diepenbeek , Belgium
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81
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Kelly A. Exciton dissociation and charge separation at donor–acceptor interfaces from quantum-classical dynamics simulations. Faraday Discuss 2020; 221:547-563. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00069k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations based on the quantum-classical Liouville equation are employed to study the real-time dynamics of exciton dissociation and charge separation at a model donor–acceptor interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kelly
- Department of Chemistry
- Dalhousie University
- Halifax
- Canada
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82
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Engineering Charge-Transfer States for Efficient, Low-Energy-Loss Organic Photovoltaics. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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83
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Li M, Fu J, Xu Q, Sum TC. Slow Hot-Carrier Cooling in Halide Perovskites: Prospects for Hot-Carrier Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1802486. [PMID: 30600555 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Rapid hot-carrier cooling is a major loss channel in solar cells. Thermodynamic calculations reveal a 66% solar conversion efficiency for single junction cells (under 1 sun illumination) if these hot carriers are harvested before cooling to the lattice temperature. A reduced hot-carrier cooling rate for efficient extraction is a key enabler to this disruptive technology. Recently, halide perovskites emerge as promising candidates with favorable hot-carrier properties: slow hot-carrier cooling lifetimes several orders of magnitude longer than conventional solar cell absorbers, long-range hot-carrier transport (up to ≈600 nm), and highly efficient hot-carrier extraction (up to ≈83%). This review presents the developmental milestones, distills the complex photophysical findings, and highlights the challenges and opportunities in this emerging field. A developmental toolbox for engineering the slow hot-carrier cooling properties in halide perovskites and prospects for perovskite hot-carrier solar cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Li
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jianhui Fu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qiang Xu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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84
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A Surface Science Approach to Unveiling the TiO 2 Photocatalytic Mechanism: Correlation between Photocatalytic Activity and Carrier Lifetime. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2019.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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85
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Fermi level-tuned optics of graphene for attocoulomb-scale quantification of electron transfer at single gold nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3849. [PMID: 31451698 PMCID: PMC6710286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of electron transfer at single-molecule level is normally restricted by the detection limit of faraday current, currently in a picoampere to nanoampere range. Here we demonstrate a unique graphene-based electrochemical microscopy technique to make an advance in the detection limit. The optical signal of electron transfer arises from the Fermi level-tuned Rayleigh scattering of graphene, which is further enhanced by immobilized gold nanostars. Owing to the specific response to surface charged carriers, graphene-based electrochemical microscopy enables an attoampere-scale detection limit of faraday current at multiple individual gold nanoelectrodes simultaneously. Using the graphene-based electrochemical microscopy, we show the capability to quantitatively measure the attocoulomb-scale electron transfer in cytochrome c adsorbed at a single nanoelectrode. We anticipate the graphene-based electrochemical microscopy to be a potential electrochemical tool for in situ study of biological electron transfer process in organelles, for example the mitochondrial electron transfer, in consideration of the anti-interference ability to chemicals and organisms.
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86
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Gütlein P, Lang L, Reuter K, Blumberger J, Oberhofer H. Toward First-Principles-Level Polarization Energies in Force Fields: A Gaussian Basis for the Atom-Condensed Kohn-Sham Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4516-4525. [PMID: 31276382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The last 20 years of force field development have shown that even well parametrized classical models need to at least approximate the dielectric response of molecular systems-based, e.g., on atomic polarizabilities-in order to correctly render their structural and dynamic properties. Yet, despite great advances most approaches tend to be based on ad hoc assumptions and often insufficiently capture the dielectric response of the system to external perturbations, such as, e.g., charge carriers in semiconducting materials. A possible remedy was recently introduced with the atom-condensed Kohn-Sham density-functional theory approximated to second order (ACKS2), which is fully derived from first principles. Unfortunately, specifically its reliance on first-principles derived parameters so far precluded the widespread adoption of ACKS2. Opening up ACKS2 for general use, we here present a reformulation of the method in terms of Gaussian basis functions, which allows us to determine many of the ACKS2 parameters analytically. Two sets of parameters depending on exchange-correlation interactions are still calculated numerically, but we show that they could be straightforwardly parametrized owing to the smoothness of the new basis. Our approach exhibits three crucial benefits for future applications in force fields: i) efficiency, ii) accuracy, and iii) transferability. We numerically validate our Gaussian augmented ACKS2 model for a set of small hydrocarbons which shows a very good agreement with density-functional theory reference calculations. To further demonstrate the method's accuracy and transferability for realistic systems, we calculate polarization responses and energies of anthracene and tetracene, two major building blocks in organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gütlein
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Lucas Lang
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University College London , London WC1E 6BT , U.K.,Institute for Advanced Study , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 2 a , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Harald Oberhofer
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85747 Garching , Germany
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87
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Guo Y, Ma Z, Niu X, Zhang W, Tao M, Guo Q, Wang Z, Xia A. Bridge-Mediated Charge Separation in Isomeric N-Annulated Perylene Diimide Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12789-12796. [PMID: 31334641 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The possibility and rate of charge separation (CS) in donor-bridge-acceptor molecules mainly depend on two factors: electronic coupling and solvent effects. The question of how CS occurred in two identical chromophores is fundamental, as it is particularly interesting for potential molecular electronics applications and the photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs). Conjugated bridge definitely plays a crucial role in electronic coupling. To determine the bridge-mediated charge separation dynamics between the two identical chromophores, the isomeric N-annulated perylene diimide dimers (para-BDNP and meta-BDNP) with different conjugated bridge structures have been comparatively investigated in different solvents using femtosecond transient absorption spectra (fs-TA). It is found that the charge separation is disfavored in weak polar solvent, whereas direct spectroscopic signatures of radicals are observed in polar solvents, and the rate of charge separation increases as the solvent polarity increasing. To our surprise, the rate of charge separation in m-BDNP is more than an order of magnitude slower than that in p-BDNP, although there is a larger negative ΔGCS in m-BDNP. The slow CS rate that occurred in m-BDNP mainly results from the intrinsic destructive interference of the wave function through the meta-substituted bridge. The roles of solvent effects in free energy and electronic coupling for charge separation are further identified with quantum calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zetong Ma
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xinmiao Niu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Min Tao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qianjin Guo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Andong Xia
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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88
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Lee EMY, Willard AP. Solving the Trivial Crossing Problem While Preserving the Nodal Symmetry of the Wave Function. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4332-4343. [PMID: 31305997 PMCID: PMC6750758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In
an adiabatic mixed quantum-classical simulation, the avoided
crossing of weakly coupled eigenstates can lead to unphysical discontinuities
in wave function dynamics, otherwise known as the trivial crossing
problem. A standard solution to the trivial crossing problem eliminates
spatial discontinuities in wave function dynamics by imposing changes
to the eigenstate of the wave function. In this paper, we show that
this solution has the side effect of introducing transient discontinuities
in the nodal symmetry of the wave function. We present an alternative
solution to the trivial crossing problem that preserves both the spatial
and nodal structure of the adiabatic wave function. By considering
a model of exciton dynamics on conjugated polymer systems, we show
that failure to preserve wave function symmetry yields exciton dynamics
that depends unphysically on polymer system size. We demonstrate that
our symmetry-preserving solution to the trivial crossing problem yields
more realistic dynamics and can thus improve the accuracy of simulations
of larger systems that are prone to the trivial crossing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Y Lee
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Adam P Willard
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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89
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Ahmed B, Jo H, Yoon SW, Choi K, Chen W, Chou F, Ok KM. Mixed Transition Metal (Oxy)fluoride Paramagnet Chains: Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belal Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hongil Jo
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Yoon
- Department of Physics Chung‐Ang University 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang‐Yong Choi
- Department of Physics Chung‐Ang University 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Wei‐tin Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences National Taiwan University 10617 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Fangcheng Chou
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences National Taiwan University 10617 Taipei Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center 30076 Hsinchu Taiwan
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials Ministry of Science and Technology 10622 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kang Min Ok
- Department of Chemistry Sogang University 04107 Seoul Republic of Korea
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90
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Kafle TR, Kattel B, Yao P, Zereshki P, Zhao H, Chan WL. Effect of the Interfacial Energy Landscape on Photoinduced Charge Generation at the ZnPc/MoS 2 Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11328-11336. [PMID: 31259543 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide crystals (TMDC) can be combined with other functional materials, such as organic molecules, to form a wide range of heterostructures with tailorable properties. Although a number of works have shown that ultrafast charge transfer (CT) can occur at organic/TMDC interfaces, conditions that would facilitate the separation of interfacial CT excitons into free carriers remain unclear. Here, time-resolved and steady-state photoemission spectroscopy are used to study the potential energy landscape, charge transfer, and exciton dynamics at the zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)/monolayer (ML) MoS2 and ZnPc/bulk MoS2 interfaces. Surprisingly, although both interfaces have a type-II band alignment and exhibit sub-100 fs CT, the CT excitons formed at the two interfaces show drastically different evolution dynamics. The ZnPc/ML-MoS2 behaves like typical donor-acceptor interfaces in which CT excitons dissociate into electron-hole pairs. On the contrary, back electron transfer occur at ZnPc/bulk-MoS2, which results in the formation of triplet excitons in ZnPc. The difference can be explained by the different amount of band bending found in the ZnPc film deposited on ML-MoS2 and bulk-MoS2. Our work illustrates that the potential energy landscape near the interface plays an important role in the charge separation behavior. Therefore, considering the energy level alignment at the interface alone is not enough for predicting whether free charges can be generated effectively from an interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tika R Kafle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Bhupal Kattel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Peng Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States.,Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Peymon Zereshki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
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91
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Han G, Yi Y. Local Excitation/Charge-Transfer Hybridization Simultaneously Promotes Charge Generation and Reduces Nonradiative Voltage Loss in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2911-2918. [PMID: 31088080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High power conversion efficiencies in state-of-the-art nonfullerene organic solar cells (NF OSCs) call for elucidation of the underlying working mechanisms of both high photocurrent densities and low nonradiative voltage losses under small energy offsets. Here, to address this fundamental issue, we have assessed the nature of interfacial charge-transfer (CT) states in a representative small-molecule NF OSC (DRTB-T:IT-4F) by time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The calculated results point to the fact that the CT states can borrow considerable oscillator strengths from the energy-close local excitation (LE) states or be fully hybridized with these LE states by molecular aggregation at the donor-acceptor interfaces. The LE/CT hybridization can promote charge generation by direct population of thermalized CT or LE/CT states under illumination. At the same time, the increased oscillator strengths of the lowest CT state will improve the luminescence quantum efficiencies and thus reduce nonradiative voltage losses. Our work suggests that it is crucial to tune the LE/CT hybridization by optimization of the donor and acceptor molecular and interfacial structures to further improve the NF OSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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92
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Prampolini G, Ingrosso F, Cerezo J, Iagatti A, Foggi P, Pastore M. Short- and Long-Range Solvation Effects on the Transient UV-Vis Absorption Spectra of a Ru(II)-Polypyridine Complex Disentangled by Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2885-2891. [PMID: 31082237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of subtle effects in the dynamic reorganization of a protic solvent in its first- and farther-neighbor shells, in response to the sudden change in the solute's electronic distribution upon excitation, is unveiled by a multilevel computational approach. Through the combination of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical calculations, the experimental time evolution of the transient T1 absorption spectra of a heteroleptic Ru(II)-polypyridine complex in ethanol or dimethyl sulfoxide solution is reproduced and rationalized in terms of both fast and slow solvent re-equilibration processes, which are found responsible for the red shift and broadening experimentally observed only in the protic medium. Solvent orientational correlation functions and a time-dependent analysis of the solvation structure confirm that the initial, fast observed red shift can be traced back to the destruction-formation of hydrogen bond networks in the first-neighbor shell, whereas the subsequent shift, evident in the [20-500] ps range and accompanied by a large broadening of the signal, is connected to a collective reorientation of the second and farther solvation shells, which significantly changes the electrostatic embedding felt by the excited solute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Prampolini
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1 , I-56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Francesca Ingrosso
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS , Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT) , F-54000 Nancy , France
| | - Javier Cerezo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autonoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Alessandro Iagatti
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) , Università di Firenze , Via Nello Carrara 1 , I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence , Italy
- INO-CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Largo Fermi 6 , I-50125 Florence , Italy
| | - Paolo Foggi
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) , Università di Firenze , Via Nello Carrara 1 , I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence , Italy
- INO-CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Largo Fermi 6 , I-50125 Florence , Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie , Università di Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Mariachiara Pastore
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS , Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT) , F-54000 Nancy , France
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93
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Han G, Yi Y. Origin of Photocurrent and Voltage Losses in Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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94
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Kenry, Chen C, Liu B. Enhancing the performance of pure organic room-temperature phosphorescent luminophores. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2111. [PMID: 31068598 PMCID: PMC6506551 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Once considered the exclusive property of metal complexes, the phenomenon of room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has been increasingly realized in pure organic luminophores recently. Using precise molecular design and synthetic approaches to modulate their weak spin-orbit coupling, highly active triplet excitons, and ultrafast deactivation, organic luminophores can be endowed with long-lived and bright RTP characteristics. This has sparked intense explorations into organic luminophores with enhanced RTP features for different applications. This Review discusses the fundamental mechanism of RTP in pure organic luminophores, followed by design principles, enhancement strategies, and formulation methods to achieve highly phosphorescent and long-lived organic RTP luminophores even in aqueous media. The current challenges and future directions of this field are also discussed in the summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Chengjian Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.
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95
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Bai RR, Zhang CR, Wu YZ, Shen YL, Liu ZJ, Chen HS. Donor Halogenation Effects on Electronic Structures and Electron Process Rates of Donor/C60 Heterojunction Interface: A Theoretical Study on FnZnPc (n = 0, 4, 8, 16) and ClnSubPc (n = 0, 6). J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4034-4047. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cai-Rong Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | | | - Yu-Lin Shen
- Gansu Computing Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Liu
- Department of Physics, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Hong-Shan Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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96
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Kaake LG. Towards the Organic Double Heterojunction Solar Cell. CHEM REC 2019; 19:1131-1141. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loren G. Kaake
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University 8888 University Dr. Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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97
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Guo S, Li D, Gao B, Li Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Duan Q. Synthesis and catalytic performance of a soluble asymmetric zinc phthalocyanine. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1578878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanlei Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Dongni Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Department of Blood Transplantation, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Qian Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
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98
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Li Y, Xiang B, Xiong W. Heterodyne transient vibrational SFG to reveal molecular responses to interfacial charge transfer. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:114706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5066237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingmin Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Bo Xiang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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99
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Park Y, Baeg KJ, Kim C. Solution-Processed Nonvolatile Organic Transistor Memory Based on Semiconductor Blends. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8327-8336. [PMID: 30707007 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed nonvolatile organic transistor memory devices are fabricated by employing semiconductor blends of p-channel 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene and n-channel poly{[ N, N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]- alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-2T); N2200) on polystyrene-brush as a polymer electret. Electret-based memory characteristics are significantly changed depending on the frontier molecular orbitals of the active semiconductors because the charge-trapping efficiency is mainly determined by the energy barrier to transfer electrons and holes from the active channel to the electret layer. A semiconductor mixture with an optimized blending ratio results in an efficient programming and erasing process. Thus, we obtained a remarkably high ratio of ON/OFF current (memory ratio) about 107 and a large amount of shifts in the threshold voltage (memory window) between the programmed and erased states of 55 V, while single-component N2200 showed only writing-once-read-many (WORM)-type memory. Especially, the programmed data can be stably retained more than 10 years with a sufficient memory ratio of 103. Furthermore, our semiconductor blend system leads to preferable vertical phase separation, which affords good reliability under a sequential memory operation condition as well as stability in ambient air. It is expected that our memory devices can be applied for versatile data storage in printed and flexible electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghan Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Sogang University , 35 Baekbeom-ro , Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Jun Baeg
- Department of Graphic Arts Information Engineering , Pukyong National University , 45 Yongso-ro , Nam-gu, Busan 48513 , Republic of Korea
| | - Choongik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Sogang University , 35 Baekbeom-ro , Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107 , Republic of Korea
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100
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Chen J, Messing ME, Zheng K, Pullerits T. Cation-Dependent Hot Carrier Cooling in Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3532-3540. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Chen
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria E. Messing
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tonu Pullerits
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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