51
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Mutoh K, Nakagawa Y, Sakamoto A, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Stepwise Two-Photon-Gated Photochemical Reaction in Photochromic [2.2]Paracyclophane-Bridged Bis(imidazole dimer). J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5674-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe,
Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagawa
- Itoh Optical Industrial Co.,Ltd., 3-19 Miyanari-cho, Gamagori, Aichi 443-0041, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe,
Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe,
Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe,
Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST),
K’s Gobancho 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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52
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Li R, Ji Z, Dong J, Chang CH, Wang X, Sun B, Wang M, Liao YP, Zink JI, Nel AE, Xia T. Enhancing the imaging and biosafety of upconversion nanoparticles through phosphonate coating. ACS NANO 2015; 9:3293-306. [PMID: 25727446 PMCID: PMC4415359 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), which are generated by doping with rare earth (RE) metals, are increasingly used for bioimaging because of the advantages they hold over conventional fluorophores. However, because pristine RE nanoparticles (NPs) are unstable in acidic physiological fluids (e.g., lysosomes), leading to intracellular phosphate complexation with the possibility of lysosomal injury, it is important to ensure that UCNPs are safely designed. In this study, we used commercially available NaYF4:Er/Yb UCNPs to study their stability in lysosomes and simulated lysosomal fluid. We demonstrate that phosphate complexation leads to REPO4 deposition on the particle surfaces and morphological transformation. This leads to a decline in upconversion fluorescence efficiency as well as inducing pro-inflammatory effects at the cellular level and in the intact lung. In order to preserve the imaging properties of the UCNPs as well as improve their safety, we experimented with a series of phosphonate chemical moieties to passivate particle surfaces through the strong coordination of the organophosphates with RE atoms. Particle screening and physicochemical characterization revealed that ethylenediamine tetra(methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP) surface coating provides the most stable UCNPs, which maintain their imaging intensity and do not induce pro-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. In summary, phosphonate coating presents a safer design method that preserves and improves the bioimaging properties of UCNPs, thereby enhancing their biological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Juyao Dong
- Department of chemistry & Biochemisty, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Bingbing Sun
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Meiying Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jeffrey I. Zink
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Department of chemistry & Biochemisty, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Corresponding Author: Tian Xia, Ph.D.; and Andre Nel, Ph.D., Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 52-175 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1680. Tel: (310) 983-3359, Fax: (310) 206-8107, ,
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Corresponding Author: Tian Xia, Ph.D.; and Andre Nel, Ph.D., Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 52-175 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1680. Tel: (310) 983-3359, Fax: (310) 206-8107, ,
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53
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Nam S, Oh N, Zhai Y, Shim M. High efficiency and optical anisotropy in double-heterojunction nanorod light-emitting diodes. ACS NANO 2015; 9:878-885. [PMID: 25565187 DOI: 10.1021/nn506577p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in colloidal quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) have led to efficiencies and brightness that rival the best organic LEDs. Nearly ideal internal quantum efficiency being achieved leaves light outcoupling as the only remaining means to improve external quantum efficiency (EQE) but that might require radically different device design and reoptimization. However, the current state-of-the-art QD-LEDs are based on spherical core/shell QDs, and the effects of shape and optical anisotropy remain essentially unexplored. Here, we demonstrate solution-processed, red-emitting double-heterojunction nanorod (DHNR)-LEDs with efficient hole transport exhibiting low threshold voltage and high brightness (76,000 cd m(-2)) and efficiencies (EQE = 12%, current efficiency = 27.5 cd A(-1), and power efficiency = 34.6 lm W(-1)). EQE exceeding the expected upper limit of ∼ 8% (based on ∼ 20% light outcoupling and solution photoluminescence quantum yield of ∼ 40%) suggests shape anisotropy and directional band offsets designed into DHNRs play an important role in enhancing light outcoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooji Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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54
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Vegiraju S, Liu YY, Prabakaran K, Ni JS, Ezhumalai Y, Yu HC, Yau SL, Lin JT, Chen MC, Lin TC. Synthesis and characterization of novel symmetrical two-photon chromophores derived from bis(triphenylaminotetrathienoacenyl) and fused-thiophene units. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07498c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new donor–π–donor (D–π1–π2–π1–D) fused-thiophene-based chromophores, end-functionalized with electron-donating triphenylamine (TPA) groups, were developed and characterized for a two-photon absorption study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-You Liu
- Photonic Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National Central University
- Jhong-Li 32001
- Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yamuna Ezhumalai
- Department of Chemistry
- National Central University
- Jhong-Li 32001
- Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Cheng Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Central University
- Jhong-Li 32001
- Taiwan
| | - Shueh Lin Yau
- Department of Chemistry
- National Central University
- Jhong-Li 32001
- Taiwan
| | - Jiann T. Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- National Central University
- Jhong-Li 32001
- Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - Ming-Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- National Central University
- Jhong-Li 32001
- Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chau Lin
- Photonic Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National Central University
- Jhong-Li 32001
- Taiwan
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55
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Chen G, Ågren H, Ohulchanskyy TY, Prasad PN. Light upconverting core–shell nanostructures: nanophotonic control for emerging applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:1680-713. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanophotonic control of light upconversion in the hierarchical core–shell nanostructures, their biomedical, solar energy and security encoding applications were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanying Chen
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry
- University at Buffalo
- State University of New York
- Buffalo
- USA
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology
- Royal Institute of Technology
- S-10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry
- University at Buffalo
- State University of New York
- Buffalo
- USA
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry
- University at Buffalo
- State University of New York
- Buffalo
- USA
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56
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Monguzzi A, Braga D, Gandini M, Holmberg VC, Kim DK, Sahu A, Norris DJ, Meinardi F. Broadband up-conversion at subsolar irradiance: triplet-triplet annihilation boosted by fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6644-50. [PMID: 25322197 DOI: 10.1021/nl503322a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Conventional solar cells exhibit limited efficiencies in part due to their inability to absorb the entire solar spectrum. Sub-band-gap photons are typically lost but could be captured if a material that performs up-conversion, which shifts photon energies higher, is coupled to the device. Recently, molecular chromophores that undergo triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) have shown promise for efficient up-conversion at low irradiance, suitable for some types of solar cells. However, the molecular systems that have shown the highest up-conversion efficiency to date are ill suited to broadband light harvesting, reducing their applicability. Here we overcome this limitation by combining an organic TTA system with highly fluorescent CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals. Because of their broadband absorption and spectrally narrow, size-tunable fluorescence, the nanocrystals absorb the radiation lost by the TTA chromophores, returning this energy to the up-converter. The resulting nanocrystal-boosted system shows a doubled light-harvesting ability, which allows a green-to-blue conversion efficiency of ∼12.5% under 0.5 suns of incoherent excitation. This record efficiency at subsolar irradiance demonstrates that boosting the TTA by light-emitting nanocrystals can potentially provide a general route for up-conversion for different photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monguzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca , 20125 Milano, Italy
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57
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Zhu Y, Cui S, Chen X, Xu W, Zhou P, Wang Y, Xu L, Song H, Huang L, Huang W. Efficient energy transfer from inserted CdTe quantum dots to YVO₄:Eu³⁺ inverse opals: a novel strategy to improve and expand visible excitation of rare earth ions. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8075-8083. [PMID: 24913251 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth (RE)-based phosphors demonstrate sharp emission lines, long lifetimes and high luminescence quantum yields; thus, they have been employed in various photoelectric devices, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar spectral converters. However, their applications are largely confined by their narrow excitation bands and small absorption cross sections of 4f-4f transitions. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel strategy to improve and expand the visible excitation bands of Eu(3+) ions through the interface energy transfer (ET) from CdTe quantum dots (QDs) to YVO₄:Eu(3+) inverse opal photonic crystals (IOPCs). The significant effects observed in the CdTe QDs/YVO₄:Eu(3+) IOPCs composites were that the excitation of Eu(3+) ions was continuously extended from 450 to 590 nm and that the emission intensity of the (5)D₀-(7)FJ transitions was enhanced ∼20-fold, corresponding to the intrinsic (7)F₁-(5)D₁ excitation at 538 nm. Furthermore, in the IOPC network, the ET efficiency from the QDs to YVO₄:Eu(3+) was greatly improved because of the suppression of energy migration among the CdTe QDs, which gave an optimum ET efficiency as high as 47%. Besides, the modulation of photonic stop bands (PSBs) on the radiative transition rates of the QDs and Eu(3+) ions was studied, which showed that the decay lifetime constants for Eu(3+) ions were independent of PSBs, while those of QDs demonstrated a suppression in the PSBs. Their physical nature was explained theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
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58
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Chen Y, Liang H. Applications of quantum dots with upconverting luminescence in bioimaging. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 135:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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59
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Oh N, Nam S, Zhai Y, Deshpande K, Trefonas P, Shim M. Double-heterojunction nanorods. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3642. [PMID: 24710332 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As semiconductor heterostructures play critical roles in today's electronics and optoelectronics, the introduction of active heterojunctions can impart new and improved capabilities that will enable the use of solution-processable colloidal quantum dots in future devices. Such heterojunctions incorporated into colloidal nanorods may be especially promising, since the inherent shape anisotropy can provide additional benefits of directionality and accessibility in band structure engineering and assembly. Here we develop double-heterojunction nanorods where two distinct semiconductor materials with type II staggered band offset are both in contact with one smaller band gap material. The double heterojunction can provide independent control over the electron and hole injection/extraction processes while maintaining high photoluminescence yields. Light-emitting diodes utilizing double-heterojunction nanorods as the electroluminescent layer are demonstrated with low threshold voltage, narrow bandwidth and high efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Oh
- 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA [2]
| | - Sooji Nam
- 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA [2]
| | - You Zhai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Kishori Deshpande
- The Dow Chemical Company, 2301 N. Brazosport Boulevard, Freeport, Texas 77541, USA
| | - Pete Trefonas
- Dow Electronic Materials, 455 Forest Street, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, USA
| | - Moonsub Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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60
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Gargas DJ, Chan EM, Ostrowski AD, Aloni S, Altoe MVP, Barnard ES, Sanii B, Urban JJ, Milliron DJ, Cohen BE, Schuck PJ. Engineering bright sub-10-nm upconverting nanocrystals for single-molecule imaging. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 9:300-5. [PMID: 24633523 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Imaging at the single-molecule level reveals heterogeneities that are lost in ensemble imaging experiments, but an ongoing challenge is the development of luminescent probes with the photostability, brightness and continuous emission necessary for single-molecule microscopy. Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles overcome problems of photostability and continuous emission and their upconverted emission can be excited with near-infrared light at powers orders of magnitude lower than those required for conventional multiphoton probes. However, the brightness of upconverting nanoparticles has been limited by open questions about energy transfer and relaxation within individual nanocrystals and unavoidable tradeoffs between brightness and size. Here, we develop upconverting nanoparticles under 10 nm in diameter that are over an order of magnitude brighter under single-particle imaging conditions than existing compositions, allowing us to visualize single upconverting nanoparticles as small (d = 4.8 nm) as fluorescent proteins. We use advanced single-particle characterization and theoretical modelling to find that surface effects become critical at diameters under 20 nm and that the fluences used in single-molecule imaging change the dominant determinants of nanocrystal brightness. These results demonstrate that factors known to increase brightness in bulk experiments lose importance at higher excitation powers and that, paradoxically, the brightest probes under single-molecule excitation are barely luminescent at the ensemble level.
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61
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Yu S, Gao X, Jing H, Zhao J, Su H. A synthesis and up-conversional photoluminescence study of hexagonal phase NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41857j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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