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Hirose M, Schilf P, Rohde S, Gupta Y, Sancerni T, Alves-Guerra MC, Sina C, Jaster R, Miroux B, Ibrahim SM. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 gene is causal for the spontaneous polycystic liver diseases in mice. Mitochondrion 2017; 42:50-53. [PMID: 29154852 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic liver diseases (PCLDs) are autosomal dominant disorders. To date, 3 genes are known to be associated with the disease, SEC63 and PRKCSH and LRP5. Here, we report that mice deficient in the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 gene (Ucp2-/-) spontaneously developed PCLDs when they were over 12months old. Macroscopical observation, blood chemistry as well as histopathological analysis demonstrated the PCLDs found in Ucp2-/- mice were very similar to the findings in human PCLDs. This is the first report describing the gene encoding mitochondrial protein is causative for PCLDs. UCP2 may be a biomarker of the PCLDs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Hirose
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul Schilf
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah Rohde
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine II, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yask Gupta
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tiphaine Sancerni
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin; Paris Cedex 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris Cedex, 75014, France; Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 75014, France
| | - Marie-Clotilde Alves-Guerra
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin; Paris Cedex 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris Cedex, 75014, France; Université Paris Descartes UMRS1016, Paris Cedex 75014, France
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Robert Jaster
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine II, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bruno Miroux
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, UMR 7099, CNRS, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cités, Paris, France
| | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany; College of Medicine, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, AE-27272, United Arab Emirates.
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Masyuk TV, Masyuk AI, Pisarello ML, Howard BN, Huang BQ, Lee PY, Fung X, Sergienko E, Ardesky RJ, Chung TDY, Pinkerton AB, LaRusso NF. TGR5 contributes to hepatic cystogenesis in rodents with polycystic liver diseases through cyclic adenosine monophosphate/Gαs signaling. Hepatology 2017; 66:1197-1218. [PMID: 28543567 PMCID: PMC5605412 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatic cystogenesis in polycystic liver disease is associated with increased levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in cholangiocytes lining liver cysts. Takeda G protein receptor 5 (TGR5), a G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, is linked to cAMP and expressed in cholangiocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized that TGR5 might contribute to disease progression. We examined expression of TGR5 and Gα proteins in cultured cholangiocytes and in livers of animal models and humans with polycystic liver disease. In vitro, we assessed cholangiocyte proliferation, cAMP levels, and cyst growth in response to (1) TGR5 agonists (taurolithocholic acid, oleanolic acid [OA], and two synthetic compounds), (2) a novel TGR5 antagonist (m-tolyl 5-chloro-2-[ethylsulfonyl] pyrimidine-4-carboxylate [SBI-115]), and (3) a combination of SBI-115 and pasireotide, a somatostatin receptor analogue. In vivo, we examined hepatic cystogenesis in OA-treated polycystic kidney rats and after genetic elimination of TGR5 in double mutant TGR5-/- ;Pkhd1del2/del2 mice. Compared to control, expression of TGR5 and Gαs (but not Gαi and Gαq ) proteins was increased 2-fold to 3-fold in cystic cholangiocytes in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, TGR5 stimulation enhanced cAMP production, cell proliferation, and cyst growth by ∼40%; these effects were abolished after TGR5 reduction by short hairpin RNA. OA increased cystogenesis in polycystic kidney rats by 35%; in contrast, hepatic cystic areas were decreased by 45% in TGR5-deficient TGR5-/- ;Pkhd1del2/del2 mice. TGR5 expression and its colocalization with Gαs were increased ∼2-fold upon OA treatment. Levels of cAMP, cell proliferation, and cyst growth in vitro were decreased by ∼30% in cystic cholangiocytes after treatment with SBI-115 alone and by ∼50% when SBI-115 was combined with pasireotide. CONCLUSION TGR5 contributes to hepatic cystogenesis by increasing cAMP and enhancing cholangiocyte proliferation; our data suggest that a TGR5 antagonist alone or concurrently with somatostatin receptor agonists represents a potential therapeutic approach in polycystic liver disease. (Hepatology 2017;66:1197-1218).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V Masyuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Anatoliy I Masyuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | | | - Brynn N Howard
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Bing Q Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Pui-Yuen Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Xavier Fung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Eduard Sergienko
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Robert J Ardesky
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Thomas DY Chung
- Office of Translation to Practice, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Anthony B Pinkerton
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
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Song X, Haghighi A, Iliuta IA, Pei Y. Molecular diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:885-895. [PMID: 28724316 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1358088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease that accounts for 5-10% of end-stage renal disease in developed countries. Mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 account for a majority of cases. Mutation screening of PKD1 is technically challenging largely due to the complexity resulting from duplication of its first 33 exons in six highly homologous pseudogenes (i.e. PKD1P1-P6). Protocol using locus-specific long-range and nested PCR has enabled comprehensive PKD1 mutation screening but is labor-intensive and costly. Here, the authors review how recent advances in Next Generation Sequencing are poised to transform and extend molecular diagnosis of ADPKD. Areas covered: Key original research articles and reviews of the topic published in English identified through PubMed from 1957-2017. Expert commentary: The authors review current and evolving approaches using targeted resequencing or whole genome sequencing for screening typical as well as challenging cases (e.g. cases with no detectable PKD1 and PKD2 mutations which may be due to somatic mosaicism or other cystic disease; and complex genetics such as bilineal disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Song
- a Division of Nephrology , University Health Network and University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Amirreza Haghighi
- a Division of Nephrology , University Health Network and University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Ioan-Andrei Iliuta
- a Division of Nephrology , University Health Network and University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - York Pei
- a Division of Nephrology , University Health Network and University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
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Perugorria MJ, Bujanda L, Banales JM. More insight into the diversity of cholangiocyte ciliopathies. J Hepatol 2016; 65:1083-1085. [PMID: 27592305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Perugorria
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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Grammatikopoulos T, Sambrotta M, Strautnieks S, Foskett P, Knisely AS, Wagner B, Deheragoda M, Starling C, Mieli-Vergani G, Smith J, Bull L, Thompson RJ. Mutations in DCDC2 (doublecortin domain containing protein 2) in neonatal sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 2016; 65:1179-1187. [PMID: 27469900 PMCID: PMC5116266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Neonatal sclerosing cholangitis (NSC) is a severe neonatal-onset cholangiopathy commonly leading to liver transplantation (LT) for end-stage liver disease in childhood. Liver biopsy findings histopathologically resemble those in biliary atresia (BA); however, in NSC extrahepatic bile ducts are patent, whilst in BA their lumina are obliterated. NSC is commonly seen in consanguineous kindreds, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. METHODS From 29 NSC patients (24 families) identified, DNA was available in 24 (21 families). Thirteen (7 male) patients (12 families) of consanguineous parentage were selected for whole exome sequencing. Sequence variants were filtered for homozygosity, pathogenicity, minor allele frequency, quality score, and encoded protein expression pattern. RESULTS Four of 13 patients were homozygous and two were compound heterozygous for mutations in the doublecortin domain containing 2 gene (DCDC2), which encodes DCDC2 protein and is expressed in cholangiocyte cilia. Another 11 patients were sequenced: one (with one sibling pair) was compound heterozygous for DCDC2 mutations. All mutations were protein-truncating. In available liver tissue from patients with DCDC2 mutations, immunostaining for human DCDC2 and the ciliary protein acetylated alpha-tubulin (ACALT) showed no expression (n=6) and transmission electron microscopy found that cholangiocytes lacked primary cilia (n=5). DCDC2 and ACALT were expressed in NSC patients without DCDC2 mutations (n=22). Of the patients carrying DCDC2 mutations, one died awaiting LT; five came to LT, of whom one died 2years later. The other 4 are well. CONCLUSION Among 24 NSC patients with available DNA, 7 had mutations in DCDC2 (6 of 19 families). NSC patients in substantial proportion harbour mutations in DCDC2. Their disease represents a novel liver-based ciliopathy. LAY SUMMARY Neonatal sclerosing cholangitis (NSC) is a rare genetic form of liver disease presenting in infancy. Through next generation sequencing we identified mutations in the gene encoding for doublecortin domain containing 2 (DCDC2) protein in a group of NSC children. DCDC2 is a signalling and structural protein found in primary cilia of cholangiocytes. Cholangiocytes are the cells forming the biliary system which is the draining system of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassos Grammatikopoulos
- Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Melissa Sambrotta
- Institute of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Pierre Foskett
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - A S Knisely
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bart Wagner
- Histopathology Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Chris Starling
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Giorgina Mieli-Vergani
- Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joshua Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura Bull
- Liver Center Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard J Thompson
- Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
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Evidence for a "Pathogenic Triumvirate" in Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4918798. [PMID: 27891514 PMCID: PMC5116503 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4918798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a severe monogenic disorder that occurs due to mutations in the PKHD1 gene. Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) associated with ARPKD is characterized by the presence of hepatic cysts derived from dilated bile ducts and a robust, pericystic fibrosis. Cyst growth, due to cyst wall epithelial cell hyperproliferation and fluid secretion, is thought to be the driving force behind disease progression. Liver fibrosis is a wound healing response in which collagen accumulates in the liver due to an imbalance between extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation. Whereas both hyperproliferation and pericystic fibrosis are hallmarks of CHF/ARPKD, whether or not these two processes influence one another remains unclear. Additionally, recent studies demonstrate that inflammation is a common feature of CHF/ARPKD. Therefore, we propose a "pathogenic triumvirate" consisting of hyperproliferation of cyst wall growth, pericystic fibrosis, and inflammation which drives CHF/ARPKD progression. This review will summarize what is known regarding the mechanisms of cyst growth, fibrosis, and inflammation in CHF/ARPKD. Further, we will discuss the potential advantage of identifying a core pathogenic feature in CHF/ARPKD to aid in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. If a core pathogenic feature does not exist, then developing multimodality therapeutic approaches to target each member of the "pathogenic triumvirate" individually may be a better strategy to manage this debilitating disease.
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Matsuura R, Honda K, Hamasaki Y, Doi K, Noiri E, Nangaku M. The Longitudinal Study of Liver Cysts in Patients With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Polycystic Liver Disease. Kidney Int Rep 2016; 2:60-65. [PMID: 29142941 PMCID: PMC5678648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2016.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although polycystic liver disease (PCLD) is one of the extrarenal complications in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), longitudinal changes and the association with total liver volume (TLV) have not been clearly elucidated yet. Methods Patients with ADPKD were chosen who underwent computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging twice or more during August 2003 through December 2015. TLV, each cyst volume, and the proportion of parenchyma were measured. The natural history of liver cysts and the association between TLV and liver cysts were evaluated. To compare with liver cysts in ADPKD patients with PCLD, simple liver cysts in patients without ADPKD were also evaluated. Results TLV at baseline and its growth rate in all the patients with ADPKD, whose serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and total kidney volume were 1.45 mg/dl (0.76–2.32 mg/dl), 38.5 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (18.7–57.9 ml/min per 1.73 m2), and 1394 ml (773–2861 ml), were 1431 ml (1062–1749 ml) and −0.95%/yr (−3.16 to 4.94%/yr), respectively, in the observation period (median, 1063 days). Neither TLV nor its growth rate was significantly different between ADPKD patients with PCLD and those without PCLD. The growth rate of 79 liver cysts was 39.5%/yr (17.5–80.8%/yr) in PCLD patients with ADPKD. It was significantly larger than that of 60 simple liver cysts in the non-ADPKD group, 11.0%/yr (−2.2 to 33.1%/yr). Moreover, the proportion of parenchyma reduced, whereas that of total cyst volume increased significantly (P = 0.001). Discussion The reduction of parenchyma was accompanied by the growth of liver cysts during time course in PCLD patients with ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Matsuura
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Honda
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Hamasaki
- Department of Hemodialysis and Apheresis, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kent Doi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisei Noiri
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hemodialysis and Apheresis, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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D'Agnolo HMA, Kievit W, Takkenberg RB, Riaño I, Bujanda L, Neijenhuis MK, Brunenberg EJL, Beuers U, Banales JM, Drenth JPH. Ursodeoxycholic acid in advanced polycystic liver disease: A phase 2 multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Hepatol 2016; 65:601-7. [PMID: 27212247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) inhibits proliferation of polycystic human cholangiocytes in vitro and hepatic cystogenesis in a rat model of polycystic liver disease (PLD) in vivo. Our aim was to test whether UDCA may beneficially affect liver volume in patients with advanced PLD. METHODS We conducted an international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial in symptomatic PLD patients from three tertiary referral centers. Patients with PLD and total liver volume (TLV) ⩾2500ml were randomly assigned to UDCA treatment (15-20mg/kg/day) for 24weeks, or to no treatment. Primary endpoint was proportional change in TLV. Secondary endpoints were change in symptoms and health-related quality of life. We performed a post-hoc analysis of the effect of UDCA on liver cyst volume (LCV). RESULTS We included 34 patients and were able to assess primary endpoint in 32 patients, 16 with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and 16 with autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (ADPLD). Proportional TLV increased by 4.6±7.7% (mean TLV increased from 6697ml to 6954ml) after 24weeks of UDCA treatment compared to 3.1±3.8% (mean TLV increased from 5512ml to 5724ml) in the control group (p=0.493). LCV was not different after 24weeks between controls and UDCA treated patients (p=0.848). However, UDCA inhibited LCV growth in ADPKD patients compared to ADPKD controls (p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS UDCA administration for 24weeks did not reduce TLV in advanced PLD, but UDCA reduced LCV growth in ADPKD patients. Future studies might explore whether ADPKD and ADPLD patients respond differently to UDCA treatment. LAY SUMMARY Current therapies for polycystic liver disease are invasive and have high recurrence risks. Our trial showed that the drug, ursodeoxycholic acid, was not able to reduce liver volume in patients with polycystic liver disease. However, a subgroup analysis in patients that have kidney cysts as well showed that liver cyst volume growth was reduced in patients who received ursodeoxycholic acid in comparison to patients who received no treatment. Trial registration number https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT02021110. EudraCT Number https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/: 2013-003207-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig M A D'Agnolo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wietske Kievit
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Bart Takkenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ioana Riaño
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), IKERBASQUE, CIBERehd, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), IKERBASQUE, CIBERehd, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Myrte K Neijenhuis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen J L Brunenberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), IKERBASQUE, CIBERehd, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Esparza-Baquer A, Labiano I, Bujanda L, Perugorria MJ, Banales JM. MicroRNAs in cholangiopathies: Potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2016; 40:15-27. [PMID: 26774196 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiopathies are the group of diseases targeting the bile duct epithelial cells (i.e. cholangiocytes). These disorders arise from different etiologies and represent a current diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic challenge. Different molecular mechanisms participate in the development and progression of each type of biliary disease. However, microRNA deregulation is a common central event occurring in all of them that plays a key role in their pathogenesis. MicroRNAs are highly stable small non-coding RNAs present in cells, extracellular microvesicles and biofluids, representing valuable diagnostic tools and potential targets for therapy. In the following sections, the most novel and significant discoveries in this field are summarized and their potential clinical value is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Esparza-Baquer
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ibone Labiano
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Perugorria
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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Munoz-Garrido P, Marin JJG, Perugorria MJ, Urribarri AD, Erice O, Sáez E, Uriz M, Sarvide S, Portu A, Concepcion AR, Romero MR, Monte MJ, Santos-Laso A, Hijona E, Jimenez-Agüero R, Marzioni M, Beuers U, Masyuk TV, LaRusso NF, Prieto J, Bujanda L, Drenth JP, Banales JM. Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits hepatic cystogenesis in experimental models of polycystic liver disease. J Hepatol 2015; 63:952-61. [PMID: 26044126 PMCID: PMC4575914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Polycystic liver diseases (PLDs) are genetic disorders characterized by progressive biliary cystogenesis. Current therapies show short-term and/or modest beneficial effects. Cystic cholangiocytes hyperproliferate as a consequence of diminished intracellular calcium levels ([Ca(2+)]i). Here, the therapeutic value of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was investigated. METHODS Effect of UDCA was examined in vitro and in polycystic (PCK) rats. Hepatic cystogenesis and fibrosis, and the bile acid (BA) content were evaluated from the liver, bile, serum, and kidneys by HPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS Chronic treatment of PCK rats with UDCA inhibits hepatic cystogenesis and fibrosis, and improves their motor behaviour. As compared to wild-type animals, PCK rats show increased BA concentration ([BA]) in liver, similar hepatic Cyp7a1 mRNA levels, and diminished [BA] in bile. Likewise, [BA] is increased in cystic fluid of PLD patients compared to their matched serum levels. In PCK rats, UDCA decreases the intrahepatic accumulation of cytotoxic BA, normalizes their diminished [BA] in bile, increases the BA secretion in bile and diminishes the increased [BA] in kidneys. In vitro, UDCA inhibits the hyperproliferation of polycystic human cholangiocytes via a PI3K/AKT/MEK/ERK1/2-dependent mechanism without affecting apoptosis. Finally, the presence of glycodeoxycholic acid promotes the proliferation of polycystic human cholangiocytes, which is inhibited by both UDCA and tauro-UDCA. CONCLUSIONS UDCA was able to halt the liver disease of a rat model of PLD through inhibiting cystic cholangiocyte hyperproliferation and decreasing the levels of cytotoxic BA species in the liver, which suggests the use of UDCA as a potential therapeutic tool for PLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Munoz-Garrido
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain
| | - Jose J. G. Marin
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain,Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María J. Perugorria
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science
| | - Aura D. Urribarri
- Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Oihane Erice
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Elena Sáez
- Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Uriz
- Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sarai Sarvide
- Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Portu
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain,Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Axel R. Concepcion
- Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta R. Romero
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain,Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria J. Monte
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain,Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alvaro Santos-Laso
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Hijona
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain
| | - Raul Jimenez-Agüero
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Università Politecnica delle Marche”, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tatyana V. Masyuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas F. LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jesús Prieto
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain,Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain
| | - Joost P.H. Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Jesús M. Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science,Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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MicroRNAs in the Cholangiopathies: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1688-712. [PMID: 26343736 PMCID: PMC4600153 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4091688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholangiopathies are a group of liver diseases resulting from different etiologies but with the cholangiocyte as the primary target. As a group, the cholangiopathies result in significant morbidity and mortality and represent one of the main indications for liver transplant in both children and adults. Contributing to this situation is the absence of a thorough understanding of their pathogenesis and a lack of adequate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that modify gene expression post-transcriptionally. They have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including the cholangiopathies. Thus, in this review we provide an overview of the literature on miRNAs in the cholangiopathies and discuss future research directions.
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