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Mostovenko E, Végvári Á, Rezeli M, Lichti CF, Fenyö D, Wang Q, Lang FF, Sulman EP, Sahlin KB, Marko-Varga G, Nilsson CL. Large Scale Identification of Variant Proteins in Glioma Stem Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:73-79. [PMID: 29254333 PMCID: PMC6008157 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant of primary brain tumors, is a devastating and deadly disease, with a median survival of 14 months from diagnosis, despite standard regimens of radical brain tumor surgery, maximal safe radiation, and concomitant chemotherapy. GBM tumors nearly always re-emerge after initial treatment and frequently display resistance to current treatments. One theory that may explain GBM re-emergence is the existence of glioma stemlike cells (GSCs). We sought to identify variant protein features expressed in low passage GSCs derived from patient tumors. To this end, we developed a proteomic database that reflected variant and nonvariant sequences in the human proteome, and applied a novel retrograde proteomic workflow, to identify and validate the expression of 126 protein variants in 33 glioma stem cell strains. These newly identified proteins may harbor a subset of novel protein targets for future development of GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Mostovenko
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1217 E. Marshall St., Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cheryl F. Lichti
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1217 E. Marshall St., Richmond, VA 23284
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - David Fenyö
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York 10016, United States
| | - Qianghu Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Frederick F. Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Erik P. Sulman
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - K. Barbara Sahlin
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carol L. Nilsson
- Center of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, Lund, SE-221 84 Sweden
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Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) give rise to the entire nervous system. Animal models suggest that defects in NSC proliferation and differentiation contribute to several brain disorders (e.g., microcephaly, macrocephaly, autism, schizophrenia, and Huntington's disease). However, animal models of such diseases do not fully recapitulate all disease-related phenotypes because of substantial differences in brain development between rodents and humans. Therefore, additional human-based evidence is required to understand the mechanisms that are involved in the development of neurological diseases that result from human NSC (hNSC) dysfunction. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells provide a new model to investigate the contribution of hNSCs to various neurological pathologies. In this chapter, we review the role of hNSCs in both neurodevelopment- and neurodegeneration-related human brain pathologies, with an emphasis on recent evidence that has been obtained using embryonic stem cell- or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hNSCs and progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Liszewska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
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53
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Mitochondrial energy metabolism and signalling in human glioblastoma cell lines with different PTEN gene status. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 50:33-52. [PMID: 29209894 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas epidemiology and aggressiveness demand for a well characterization of biochemical mechanisms of the cells. The discovery of oxidative tumours related to chemoresistance is changing the prevalent view of dysfunctional mitochondria in cancer cells. Thus, glioblastomas metabolism is now an area of intense research, wherein was documented a high heterogeneity in energy metabolism and in particular in mitochondrial OxPhos. We report results gained by investigating mitochondrial OxPhos and bioenergetics, in a model of three human glioblastoma cell lines characterized by a different PTEN gene status. Functional data are analysed in relation to the expression levels of some main transcription factors and signalling proteins, which can be involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and activity. Collectively, our observations indicate for the three cell lines a similar bioenergetic phenotype maintaining a certain degree of mitochondrial oxidative activity, with some difference for PTEN-wild type SF767 cells respect to PTEN-deleted A172 and U87MG characterized by a loss-of-function point mutation of PTEN. SF767 has lower ATP content and higher ADP/ATP ratio, higher AMPK activating-phosphorylation evoking energy impairment, higher OxPhos complexes and PGC1α-Sirt3-p53 protein abundance, in line with a higher respiration. Finally, SF767 shows a similar mitochondrial energy supply, but higher non-phosphorylating respiration linked to dissipation of protonmotive force. Intriguingly, it is now widely accepted that a regulated mitochondrial proton leak attenuate ROS generation and in tumours may be at the base of pro-survival advantage and chemoresistance.
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54
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Valdés-Rives SA, Casique-Aguirre D, Germán-Castelán L, Velasco-Velázquez MA, González-Arenas A. Apoptotic Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma and Therapeutic Implications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7403747. [PMID: 29259986 PMCID: PMC5702396 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7403747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most hostile type of brain cancer. Its aggressiveness is due to increased invasion, migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and a decreased apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the role of key regulators of apoptosis in GBM and glioblastoma stem cells. Given their importance in the etiology and pathogenesis of GBM, these signaling molecules may represent potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Anahi Valdés-Rives
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Diana Casique-Aguirre
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Liliana Germán-Castelán
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Velasco-Velázquez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Unidad Periférica de Investigación en Biomedicina Translacional, ISSSTE C.M.N. 20 de Noviembre, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Aliesha González-Arenas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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55
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Tűzesi Á, Kling T, Wenger A, Lunavat TR, Jang SC, Rydenhag B, Lötvall J, Pollard SM, Danielsson A, Carén H. Pediatric brain tumor cells release exosomes with a miRNA repertoire that differs from exosomes secreted by normal cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90164-90175. [PMID: 29163818 PMCID: PMC5685739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are very aggressive brain tumors with a cancer stem cell component. Cells, including cancer stem cells, release vesicles called exosomes which contain small non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs). These are thought to play an important role in cell-cell communication. However, we have limited knowledge of the types of exosomal miRNAs released by pediatric HGG stem cells; a prerequisite for exploring their potential roles in HGG biology. Here we isolated exosomes released by pediatric glioma stem cells (GSCs) and compared their repertoire of miRNAs to genetically normal neural stem cells (NSCs) exosomes, as well as their respective cellular miRNA content. Whereas cellular miRNAs are similar, we find that the exosomal miRNA profiles differ between normal and tumor cells, and identify several differentially expressed miRNAs. Of particular interest is miR-1290 and miR-1246, which have previously been linked to 'stemness' and invasion in other cancers. We demonstrate that GSC-secreted exosomes influence the gene expression of receiving NSCs, particularly targeting genes with a role in cell fate and tumorigenesis. Thus, our study shows that GSCs and NSCs have similar cellular miRNA profiles, yet differ significantly in the repertoire of exosomal miRNAs and these could influence malignant features of HGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágota Tűzesi
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Teresia Kling
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Wenger
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Taral R. Lunavat
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Su Chul Jang
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bertil Rydenhag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Steven M. Pollard
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna Danielsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Carén
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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56
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Wierzbicki M, Jaworski S, Kutwin M, Grodzik M, Strojny B, Kurantowicz N, Zdunek K, Chodun R, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Diamond, graphite, and graphene oxide nanoparticles decrease migration and invasiveness in glioblastoma cell lines by impairing extracellular adhesion. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7241-7254. [PMID: 29042773 PMCID: PMC5634373 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly invasive nature of glioblastoma is one of the most significant problems regarding the treatment of this tumor. Diamond nanoparticles (ND), graphite nanoparticles (NG), and graphene oxide nanoplatelets (nGO) have been explored for their biomedical applications, especially for drug delivery. The objective of this research was to assess changes in the adhesion, migration, and invasiveness of two glioblastoma cell lines, U87 and U118, after ND, NG, and nGO treatment. All treatments affected the cell surface structure, adhesion-dependent EGFR/AKT/mTOR, and β-catenin signaling pathways, decreasing the migration and invasiveness of both glioblastoma cell lines. The examined nanoparticles did not show strong toxicity but effectively deregulated cell migration. ND was effectively taken up by cells, whereas nGO and NG strongly interacted with the cell surface. These results indicate that nanoparticles could be used in biomedical applications as a low toxicity active compound for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Kutwin
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | | | - Krzysztof Zdunek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Chodun
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
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57
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Srivastava S, Syed SB, Kumar V, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase: Structure and function. GENE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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58
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Pedron S, Polishetty H, Pritchard AM, Mahadik BP, Sarkaria JN, Harley BAC. Spatially graded hydrogels for preclinical testing of glioblastoma anticancer therapeutics. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2017; 7:442-449. [PMID: 29230350 PMCID: PMC5721678 DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
While preclinical models such as orthotopic tumors generated in mice from patient-derived specimens are widely used to predict sensitivity or therapeutic interventions for cancer, such xenografts can be slow, require extensive infrastructure, and can make in situ assessment difficult. Such concerns are heightened in highly aggressive cancers, such as glioblastoma (GBM), that display genetic diversity and short mean survival. Biomimetic biomaterial technologies offer an approach to create ex vivo models that reflect biophysical features of the tumor microenvironment (TME). We describe a microfluidic templating approach to generate spatially graded hydrogels containing patient-derived GBM cells to explore drug efficacy and resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pedron
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - H Polishetty
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - A M Pritchard
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - B P Mahadik
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - J N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - B A C Harley
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Lab., 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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59
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Ji T, Zhang X, Li W. MicroRNA‑543 inhibits proliferation, invasion and induces apoptosis of glioblastoma cells by directly targeting ADAM9. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6419-6427. [PMID: 28849046 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of malignant brain tumor in humans and accounts for 81% of all malignant brain tumor cases in adults. The abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRs) has been reported to be important in the formation and progression of various types of human cancer, including glioblastoma (GBM). Therefore, studies into the expression, and roles of microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as their therapeutic value for patients with GBM are warranted. The expression and roles of miR‑543 have been reported in several types of human cancer. However, the role of miR‑543 in GBM remains unclear. In the current study, the expression pattern of miR‑543 in GBM, the effects of miR‑543 on GBM cells and the underlying molecular mechanism was determined. The results of the present study demonstrated that miR‑543 was significantly downregulated in GBM tissue samples and cell lines. Furthermore, the upregulation of miR‑543 inhibited GBM cell proliferation and invasion, as well as promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 (ADAM9) was identified to be a direct target gene of miR‑543. Furthermore, ADAM9 was significantly upregulated in GBM tissue samples and its expression was inversely correlated with miR‑543 expression in GBM tissue, suggesting that miR‑543 downregulation may contribute to ADAM9 upregulation in GBM. Finally, the results of the rescue experiment indicated that ADAM9 overexpression significantly reversed the effects of miR‑543 on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of GBM cells, suggesting that miR‑543 serves as a tumor suppressor in GBM through ADAM9 regulation. Overall, these findings indicate that the miR‑543/ADAM9 signaling pathway may provide as a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Xiejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
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60
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Hoxha E, Lippiello P, Scelfo B, Tempia F, Ghirardi M, Miniaci MC. Maturation, Refinement, and Serotonergic Modulation of Cerebellar Cortical Circuits in Normal Development and in Murine Models of Autism. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:6595740. [PMID: 28894610 PMCID: PMC5574313 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6595740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of the complex cerebellar cortical circuits follows different phases, with initial synaptogenesis and subsequent processes of refinement guided by a variety of mechanisms. The regularity of the cellular and synaptic organization of the cerebellar cortex allowed detailed studies of the structural plasticity mechanisms underlying the formation of new synapses and retraction of redundant ones. For the attainment of the monoinnervation of the Purkinje cell by a single climbing fiber, several signals are involved, including electrical activity, contact signals, homosynaptic and heterosynaptic interaction, calcium transients, postsynaptic receptors, and transduction pathways. An important role in this developmental program is played by serotonergic projections that, acting on temporally and spatially regulated postsynaptic receptors, induce and modulate the phases of synaptic formation and maturation. In the adult cerebellar cortex, many developmental mechanisms persist but play different roles, such as supporting synaptic plasticity during learning and formation of cerebellar memory traces. A dysfunction at any stage of this process can lead to disorders of cerebellar origin, which include autism spectrum disorders but are not limited to motor deficits. Recent evidence in animal models links impairment of Purkinje cell function with autism-like symptoms including sociability deficits, stereotyped movements, and interspecific communication by vocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriola Hoxha
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Torino, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Bibiana Scelfo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Filippo Tempia
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Torino, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), Torino, Italy
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61
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Phosphatases and solid tumors: focus on glioblastoma initiation, progression and recurrences. Biochem J 2017; 474:2903-2924. [PMID: 28801478 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatases and cancer have been related for many years now, as these enzymes regulate key cellular functions, including cell survival, migration, differentiation and proliferation. Dysfunctions or mutations affecting these enzymes have been demonstrated to be key factors for oncogenesis. The aim of this review is to shed light on the role of four different phosphatases (PTEN, PP2A, CDC25 and DUSP1) in five different solid tumors (breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and ovarian cancer), in order to better understand the most frequent and aggressive primary cancer of the central nervous system, glioblastoma.
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62
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Netrin-1 promotes glioma growth by activating NF-κB via UNC5A. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5454. [PMID: 28710382 PMCID: PMC5511130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, a common type of brain tumor, are characterized by aggressive infiltration, making it difficultly to cure by surgery. Netrin-1, an extracellular guidance cue critical for neuronal axon path-finding, has been reported to play an important role in cell invasion and migration in several types of cancers. However, the role of netrin-1 in glioma remains largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence suggested that Netrin-1 has a critical role in glioma growth. We found that netrin-1 was significantly increased in glioma samples and positively correlated with cell proliferation, tumor grade and malignancy. Netrin-1 knockdown reduced cell proliferation and attenuated tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Further studies found that netrin-1 induced NF-κB p65ser536 phosphorylation and c-Myc expression in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, activation of NF-κB by netrin-1 was dependent on UNC5A receptor, because suppression of UNC5A significantly inhibited NF-κB p65ser536 phosphorylation, c-Myc up-regulation and reduced cell proliferation. Taken together, these results suggested netrin-1 promotes glioma cell proliferation by activating NF-κB signaling via UNC5A, netrin-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.
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63
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Ayanlaja AA, Xiong Y, Gao Y, Ji G, Tang C, Abdikani Abdullah Z, Gao D. Distinct Features of Doublecortin as a Marker of Neuronal Migration and Its Implications in Cancer Cell Mobility. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:199. [PMID: 28701917 PMCID: PMC5487455 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration is a critical process in the development of the nervous system. Defects in the migration of the neurons are associated with diseases like lissencephaly, subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), and pachygyria. Doublecortin (DCX) is an essential factor in neurogenesis and mutations in this protein impairs neuronal migration leading to several pathological conditions. Although, DCX is capable of modulating and stabilizing microtubules (MTs) to ensure effective migration, the mechanisms involved in executing these functions remain poorly understood. Meanwhile, there are existing gaps regarding the processes that underlie tumor initiation and progression into cancer as well as the ability to migrate and invade normal cells. Several studies suggest that DCX is involved in cancer metastasis. Unstable interactions between DCX and MTs destabilizes cytoskeletal organization leading to disorganized movements of cells, a process which may be implicated in the uncontrolled migration of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism is complex and require further clarification. Therefore, exploring the importance and features known up to date about this molecule will broaden our understanding and shed light on potential therapeutic approaches for the associated neurological diseases. This review summarizes current knowledge about DCX, its features, functions, and relationships with other proteins. We also present an overview of its role in cancer cells and highlight the importance of studying its gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola A Ayanlaja
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, China
| | - Ye Xiong
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, China
| | - GuangQuan Ji
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, China
| | - Chuanxi Tang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, China
| | - Zamzam Abdikani Abdullah
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, China
| | - DianShuai Gao
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, China
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64
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Yang JM, Schiapparelli P, Nguyen HN, Igarashi A, Zhang Q, Abbadi S, Amzel LM, Sesaki H, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Iijima M. Characterization of PTEN mutations in brain cancer reveals that pten mono-ubiquitination promotes protein stability and nuclear localization. Oncogene 2017; 36:3673-3685. [PMID: 28263967 PMCID: PMC5491373 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PTEN is a PIP3 phosphatase that antagonizes oncogenic PI3-kinase signalling. Due to its critical role in suppressing the potent signalling pathway, it is one of the most mutated tumour suppressors, especially in brain tumours. It is generally thought that PTEN deficiencies predominantly result from either loss of expression or enzymatic activity. By analysing PTEN in malignant glioblastoma primary cells derived from 16 of our patients, we report mutations that block localization of PTEN at the plasma membrane and nucleus without affecting lipid phosphatase activity. Cellular and biochemical analyses as well as structural modelling revealed that two mutations disrupt intramolecular interaction of PTEN and open its conformation, enhancing polyubiquitination of PTEN and decreasing protein stability. Moreover, promoting mono-ubiquitination increases protein stability and nuclear localization of mutant PTEN. Thus, our findings provide a molecular mechanism for cancer-associated PTEN defects and may lead to a brain cancer treatment that targets PTEN mono-ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-M Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Schiapparelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H-N Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Igarashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Abbadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L M Amzel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Iijima
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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65
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Zhang ZF, Chen J, Han X, Zhang Y, Liao HB, Lei RX, Zhuang Y, Wang ZF, Li Z, Chen JC, Liao WJ, Zhou HB, Liu F, Wan Q. Bisperoxovandium (pyridin-2-squaramide) targets both PTEN and ERK1/2 to confer neuroprotection. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:641-656. [PMID: 28127755 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We and others have shown that inhibiting phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) or activating ERK1/2 confer neuroprotection. As bisperoxovanadium compounds are well-established inhibitors of PTEN, we designed bisperoxovandium (pyridin-2-squaramide) [bpV(pis)] and determined whether and how bpV(pis) exerts a neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Malachite green-based phosphatase assay was used to measure PTEN activity. A western blot assay was used to measure the phosphorylation level of Akt and ERK1/2 (p-Akt and p-ERK1/2). Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to injure cultured cortical neurons. Cell death and viability were assessed by LDH and MTT assays. To verify the effects of bpV(pis) in vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, and brain infarct volume was measured and neurological function tests performed. KEY RESULTS bpV(pis) inhibited PTEN activity and increased p-Akt in SH-SY5Y cells but not in PTEN-deleted U251 cells. bpV(pis) also elevated p-ERK1/2 in both SH-SY5Y and U251 cells. These data indicate that bpV(pis) enhances Akt activation through PTEN inhibition but increases ERK1/2 activation independently of PTEN signalling. bpV(pis) prevented OGD-induced neuronal death in vitro and reduced brain infarct volume and promoted functional recovery in stroke animals. This neuroprotective effect of bpV(pis) was blocked by inhibiting Akt and/or ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS bpV(pis) confers neuroprotection in OGD-induced injury in vitro and in cerebral ischaemia in vivo by suppressing PTEN and activating ERK1/2. Thus, bpV(pis) is a bi-target neuroprotectant that may be developed as a drug candidate for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua-Bao Liao
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui-Xue Lei
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhuang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Brain Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Cao Chen
- Brain Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Jing Liao
- Brain Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Fang Liu
- Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Departments of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Brain Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
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66
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Switon K, Kotulska K, Janusz-Kaminska A, Zmorzynska J, Jaworski J. Molecular neurobiology of mTOR. Neuroscience 2017; 341:112-153. [PMID: 27889578 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine-threonine kinase that controls several important aspects of mammalian cell function. mTOR activity is modulated by various intra- and extracellular factors; in turn, mTOR changes rates of translation, transcription, protein degradation, cell signaling, metabolism, and cytoskeleton dynamics. mTOR has been repeatedly shown to participate in neuronal development and the proper functioning of mature neurons. Changes in mTOR activity are often observed in nervous system diseases, including genetic diseases (e.g., tuberous sclerosis complex, Pten-related syndromes, neurofibromatosis, and Fragile X syndrome), epilepsy, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease). Neuroscientists only recently began deciphering the molecular processes that are downstream of mTOR that participate in proper function of the nervous system. As a result, we are gaining knowledge about the ways in which aberrant changes in mTOR activity lead to various nervous system diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive view of mTOR in the nervous system, with a special focus on the neuronal functions of mTOR (e.g., control of translation, transcription, and autophagy) that likely underlie the contribution of mTOR to nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Switon
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Ks. Trojdena Street, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Zmorzynska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Ks. Trojdena Street, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Ks. Trojdena Street, Warsaw 02-109, Poland.
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67
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Superimposing Status Epilepticus on Neuron Subset-Specific PTEN Haploinsufficient and Wild Type Mice Results in Long-term Changes in Behavior. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36559. [PMID: 27819284 PMCID: PMC5098193 DOI: 10.1038/srep36559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of superimposing seizures on a genetic mutation with known involvement in both Autism Spectrum Disorder and in epilepsy. Neuron-subset specific (NS)-Pten heterozygous (HT) and wildtype (WT) adult mice received either intraperitoneal injections of kainic acid (20 mg/kg) to induce status epilepticus or the vehicle (saline). Animals then received a battery of behavioral tasks in order to evaluate activity levels, anxiety, repetitive-stereotyped behavior, social behavior, learning and memory. In the open field task, we found that HT mice after seizures showed a significant increase in total activity and total distance in the surround region of the open field. In the elevated plus maze task, we found that HT mice after seizures displayed increased total distance and velocity as compared to HT mice that did not undergo seizures and WT controls. In the social chamber test, we found the HT mice after seizures displayed an impairment in social behavior. These findings demonstrate that superimposing seizures on a genetic mutation can result in long-term alterations in activity and social behavior in mice.
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68
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Zhu G, Rankin SL, Larson JD, Zhu X, Chow LML, Qu C, Zhang J, Ellison DW, Baker SJ. PTEN Signaling in the Postnatal Perivascular Progenitor Niche Drives Medulloblastoma Formation. Cancer Res 2016; 77:123-133. [PMID: 27815386 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN exerts diverse outcomes on cancer in different developmental contexts. To gain insight into the effect of its loss on outcomes in the brain, we conditionally inactivated the murine Pten gene in neonatal neural stem/progenitor cells. Pten inactivation created an abnormal perivascular proliferative niche in the cerebellum that persisted in adult animals but did not progress to malignancy. Proliferating cells showed undifferentiated morphology and expressed the progenitor marker Nestin but not Math1, a marker of committed granule neuron progenitors. Codeletion of Pten and Trp53 resulted in fully penetrant medulloblastoma originating from the perivascular niche, which exhibited abnormal blood vessel networks and advanced neuronal differentiation of tumor cells. EdU pulse-chase experiments demonstrated a perivascular cancer stem cell population in Pten/Trp53 double mutant medulloblastomas. Genetic analyses revealed recurrent somatic inactivations of the tumor suppressor gene Ptch1 and a recapitulation of the sonic hedgehog subgroup of human medulloblastomas. Overall, our results showed that PTEN acts to prevent the proliferation of a progenitor niche in postnatal cerebellum predisposed to oncogenic induction of medulloblastoma. Cancer Res; 77(1); 123-33. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Zhu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sherri L Rankin
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jon D Larson
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Lionel M L Chow
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chunxu Qu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. .,Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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69
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Rosasco MG, Gordon SE, Bajjalieh SM. Characterization of the Functional Domains of a Mammalian Voltage-Sensitive Phosphatase. Biophys J 2016; 109:2480-2491. [PMID: 26682807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-sensitive phosphatases (VSPs) are proteins that directly couple changes in membrane electrical potential to inositol lipid phosphatase activity. VSPs thus couple two signaling pathways that are critical for cellular functioning. Although a number of nonmammalian VSPs have been characterized biophysically, mammalian VSPs are less well understood at both the physiological and biophysical levels. In this study, we aimed to address this gap in knowledge by determining whether the VSP from mouse, Mm-VSP, is expressed in the brain and contains a functional voltage-sensing domain (VSD) and a phosphatase domain. We report that Mm-VSP is expressed in neurons and is developmentally regulated. To address whether the functions of the VSD and phosphatase domain are retained in Mm-VSP, we took advantage of the modular nature of these domains and expressed each independently as a chimeric protein in a heterologous expression system. We found that the Mm-VSP VSD, fused to a viral potassium channel, was able to drive voltage-dependent gating of the channel pore. The Mm-VSP phosphatase domain, fused to the VSD of a nonmammalian VSP, was also functional: activation resulted in PI(4,5)P2 depletion that was sufficient to inhibit the PI(4,5)P2-regulated KCNQ2/3 channels. While testing the functionality of the VSD and phosphatase domain, we observed slight differences between the activities of Mm-VSP-based chimeras and those of nonmammalian VSPs. Although the properties of VSP chimeras may not completely reflect the properties of native VSPs, the differences we observed in voltage-sensing and phosphatase activity provide a starting point for future experiments to investigate the function of Mm-VSP and other mammalian VSPs. In conclusion, our data reveal that both the VSD and the lipid phosphatase domain of Mm-VSP are functional, indicating that Mm-VSP likely plays an important role in mouse neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario G Rosasco
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sharona E Gordon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sandra M Bajjalieh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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70
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Barber A, Farmer K, Martin KR, Smith PD. Retinal regeneration mechanisms linked to multiple cancer molecules: A therapeutic conundrum. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 56:19-31. [PMID: 27586058 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, a large number of research articles have been published demonstrating regeneration and/or neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells following manipulation of specific genetic and molecular targets. Interestingly, of the targets that have been identified to promote repair following visual system damage, many are genes known to be mutated in different types of cancer. This review explores recent literature on the potential for modulating cancer genes as a therapeutic strategy for visual system repair and looks at the potential clinical challenges associated with implementing this type of therapy. We also discuss signalling mechanisms that have been implicated in cancer and consider how similar mechanisms may improve axonal regeneration in the optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Barber
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyle Farmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith R Martin
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council - Wellcome Trust Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrice D Smith
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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71
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Ananta JS, Paulmurugan R, Massoud TF. Tailored Nanoparticle Codelivery of antimiR-21 and antimiR-10b Augments Glioblastoma Cell Kill by Temozolomide: Toward a “Personalized” Anti-microRNA Therapy. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3164-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeyarama S. Ananta
- Laboratory of Experimental
and Molecular Neuroimaging, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford
(MIPS), and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5427, United States
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Laboratory of Experimental
and Molecular Neuroimaging, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford
(MIPS), and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5427, United States
| | - Tarik F. Massoud
- Laboratory of Experimental
and Molecular Neuroimaging, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford
(MIPS), and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5427, United States
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72
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Chen X, Du YM, Xu F, Liu D, Wang YL. Propofol Prevents Hippocampal Neuronal Loss and Memory Impairment in Cerebral Ischemia Injury Through Promoting PTEN Degradation. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:63-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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73
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Wang G, Li Z, Tian N, Han L, Fu Y, Guo Z, Tian Y. miR-148b-3p inhibits malignant biological behaviors of human glioma cells induced by high HOTAIR expression. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:879-886. [PMID: 27446363 PMCID: PMC4950229 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that long non coding (lnc)RNA and microRNA (miRNA/miR) both regulate the expression of key genes in tumorigenesis and have considerable theranostic potential. Rapid advances in bioinformatics indicate that miRNA may potentially interact with lncRNA to modulate their regulatory roles. miR-148b-3p has been reported to have a vital role in regulating tumor progression. However, the expression pattern of miR-148b-3p in glioma remains largely unknown, and interactions between miR-148b-3p and lncRNA has yet to be identified. The aim of the present study was to insight into the regulatory role of miR-148b-3p in glioma. Using online software, the HOTAIR gene was identified as a possible lncRNA target of miR-148b-3p in the present study. siRNA was used to suppress the expression of HOTAIR and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of miR-148b-3p. The results confirmed that HOTAIR mRNA expression was inversely correlated with miR-148b-3p expression in A172 glioma cells. Furthermore, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to detect the viability of cells, flow cytometry was performed to test cell cycle and a matrigel invasion assay was performed to test cell invasion. The results showed that HOTAIR promotes factors associated with malignancy, including cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and invasion, whereas miR-148b-3p suppresses malignancy. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-148b-3p modulates HOTAIR expression by directly targeting the HOTAIR gene sequence. In summary, the results indicated that miR-148b-3p inhibits malignant biological behaviors of glioma cells by directly targeting HOTAIR. The current data provide important evidence for understanding the key roles of the lncRNA miRNA functional network in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Nan Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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74
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Areeb Z, Stylli SS, Ware TMB, Harris NC, Shukla L, Shayan R, Paradiso L, Li B, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Luwor RB. Inhibition of glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by the proteasome antagonist carfilzomib. Med Oncol 2016; 33:53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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75
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Rapamycin prevents, but does not reverse, aberrant migration in Pten knockout neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 93:12-20. [PMID: 26992888 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a major negative regulator of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) pathway. Mutations in PTEN have been found in a subset of individuals with autism and macrocephaly. Further, focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) has been observed in patients with PTEN mutations prompting us to examine the role of Pten in neuronal migration. The dentate gyrus of Pten(Flox/Flox) mice was injected with Cre- and non-Cre-expressing retroviral particles, which integrate into the dividing genome to birthdate cells. Control and Pten knockout (KO) cell position in the granule cell layer was quantified over time to reveal that Pten KO neurons exhibit an aberrant migratory phenotype beginning at 7.5days-post retroviral injection (DPI). We then assessed whether rapamycin, a mTor inhibitor, could prevent or reverse aberrant migration of granule cells. The preventative group received daily intraperitoneal (IP) injections of rapamycin from 3 to 14 DPI, before discrepancies in cell position have been established, while the reversal group received rapamycin afterward, from 14 to 24 DPI. We found that rapamycin prevented and reversed somal hypertrophy. However, rapamycin prevented, but did not reverse aberrant migration in Pten KO cells. We also find that altered migration occurs through mTorC1 and not mTorC2 activity. Together, these findings suggest a temporal window by which rapamycin can treat aberrant migration, and may have implications for the use of rapamycin to treat PTEN-mutation associated disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mutations in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) have been linked to a subset of individuals with autism and macrocephaly, as well as Cowden Syndrome and focal cortical dysplasia. Pten loss leads to neuronal hypertrophy, but the role of Pten in neuronal migration is unclear. Here we have shown that loss of Pten leads to aberrant migration, which can be prevented but not reversed by treatment with rapamycin, a mTor inhibitor. These results are important to consider as clinical trials are developed to examine rapamycin as a therapeutic for autism with PTEN mutations. Our findings show that some abnormalities cannot be reversed, and suggest the potential need for genetic screening and preventative treatment.
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76
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miR-92b regulates glioma cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis via PTEN/Akt signaling pathway. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:201-11. [PMID: 26893028 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive malignant primary brain tumor with neoplastic growth. Despite the progresses made in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation in recent decade, the prognosis of patients with gliomas remains poor and the average survival time of patients suffering from glioblastoma is still short. As a potential therapy strategy, microRNAs have been considered as new targets for possible cancer treatment. In this study, we found that the miR-92b inhibitors (miR-92b-I) could inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, and promote the apoptosis of glioma cells. As a predicted target of miR-92b, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), also elevated at both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, the Akt phosphorylation was consistently inhibited. The rescue experiment with miR-92b and PTEN double knockdown resulted in partial reversion of miR-92b-I-induced phenotypes. Taken together, our findings indicated that miR-92b-I could restrain the proliferation, invasion, migration, and stimulate apoptosis of glioma cells by targeting PTEN/Akt signaling pathway. Further investigations will focus on antitumor effect of miR‑92b-I in glioma treatment.
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77
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Lyu JW, Yuan B, Cheng TL, Qiu ZL, Zhou WH. Reciprocal regulation of autism-related genes MeCP2 and PTEN via microRNAs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20392. [PMID: 26843422 PMCID: PMC4740767 DOI: 10.1038/srep20392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MeCP2 encodes a methyl-CpG-binding protein that plays a critical role in repressing gene expression, mutations of which lead to Rett syndrome and autism. PTEN is a critical tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in human cancers and autism spectrum disorders. Various studies have shown that both MeCP2 and PTEN proteins play important roles in brain development. Here we find that MeCP2 and PTEN reciprocally regulate expression of each other via microRNAs. Knockdown of MeCP2 leads to upregulation of microRNA-137, which in turn represses expression of PTEN, thus PTEN would be down-regulated when MeCP2 is knockdown. Furthermore, we find that deletion of PTEN leads to phosphorylation of Serine 133 of CREB, then increases the expression of microRNA-132. miR-132 inhibits the expression of MeCP2 by targeting on the 3'UTR of MeCP2 mRNA. Our work shows that two critical disorders-related gene MeCP2 and PTEN reciprocally regulate expression of each other by distinct mechanisms, suggesting that rare mutations in various disorders may lead to dysregulation of other critical genes and yield unexpected consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Lyu
- Departments of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tian-Lin Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zi-Long Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Departments of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
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78
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Abstract
The central nervous system is comprised of multiple cell types including neurons, glia, and other supporting cells that may differ dramatically in levels of signaling pathway activation. Immunohistochemistry in conjunction with drug interference are powerful tools that allow evaluation of signaling pathways in different cell types of the mouse central nervous system in vivo. Here we provide detailed protocols for immunohistochemistry to evaluate three essential components in the PI3K pathway in mouse brain: Pten, p-Akt, and p-4ebp1, and for rapamycin treatment to modulate mTOR signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Room D2006C, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105-3678, USA.
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79
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Dávila D, Fernández S, Torres-Alemán I. Astrocyte Resilience to Oxidative Stress Induced by Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) Involves Preserved AKT (Protein Kinase B) Activity. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2510-23. [PMID: 26631726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.695478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling is a key step in the development of cancer or neurodegeneration. For example, interference of the prosurvival IGF-I/AKT/FOXO3 pathway by redox activation of the stress kinases p38 and JNK is instrumental in neuronal death by oxidative stress. However, in astrocytes, IGF-I retains its protective action against oxidative stress. The molecular mechanisms underlying this cell-specific protection remain obscure but may be relevant to unveil new ways to combat IGF-I/insulin resistance. Here, we describe that, in astrocytes exposed to oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), p38 activation did not inhibit AKT (protein kinase B) activation by IGF-I, which is in contrast to our previous observations in neurons. Rather, stimulation of AKT by IGF-I was significantly higher and more sustained in astrocytes than in neurons either under normal or oxidative conditions. This may be explained by phosphorylation of the phosphatase PTEN at the plasma membrane in response to IGF-I, inducing its cytosolic translocation and preserving in this way AKT activity. Stimulation of AKT by IGF-I, mimicked also by a constitutively active AKT mutant, reduced oxidative stress levels and cell death in H2O2-exposed astrocytes, boosting their neuroprotective action in co-cultured neurons. These results indicate that armoring of AKT activation by IGF-I is crucial to preserve its cytoprotective effect in astrocytes and may form part of the brain defense mechanism against oxidative stress injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dávila
- From Department Systems Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Silvia Fernández
- From Department Systems Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres-Alemán
- From Department Systems Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28002, Spain
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80
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Abstract
TOR (target of rapamycin) and its mammalian ortholog mTOR have been discovered in an effort to understand the mechanisms of action of the immunosuppressant drug rapamycin extracted from a bacterium of the Easter Island (Rapa Nui) soil. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase found in two functionally distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which are differentially regulated by a great number of nutrients such as glucose and amino acids, energy (oxygen and ATP/AMP content), growth factors, hormones, and neurotransmitters. mTOR controls many basic cellular functions such as protein synthesis, energy metabolism, cell size, lipid metabolism, autophagy, mitochondria, and lysosome biogenesis. In addition, mTOR-controlled signaling pathways regulate many integrated physiological functions of the nervous system including neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, memory storage, and cognition. Thus it is not surprising that deregulation of mTOR signaling is associated with many neurological and psychiatric disorders. Preclinical and preliminary clinical studies indicate that inhibition of mTORC1 can be beneficial for some pathological conditions such as epilepsy, cognitive impairment, and brain tumors, whereas stimulation of mTORC1 (direct or indirect) can be beneficial for other pathologies such as depression or axonal growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Bockaert
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1191, Montpellier, France; and Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1191, Montpellier, France; and Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, France
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81
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Adesina AM, Veo BL, Courteau G, Mehta V, Wu X, Pang K, Liu Z, Li XN, Peters L. FOXG1 expression shows correlation with neuronal differentiation in cerebellar development, aggressive phenotype in medulloblastomas, and survival in a xenograft model of medulloblastoma. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1859-71. [PMID: 26433703 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
FOXG1 is a transcription factor that interacts with multiple signaling pathways and modulates neuronal differentiation in the telencephalon. Dysregulation of FOXG1 expression has been previously reported in medulloblastoma. In this study, we demonstrate a regional specific expression of FOXG1 and its colocalization with Nestin expression in the premigratory mitotically active (outer) layer of the external granular layer of the cerebellum. An inverse expression of the granular precursor cell markers, Math1 and Musashi1, in the inner nonmitotic migratory layer of the external granular layer and in the internal granular layer was observed. Furthermore, modulation of FOXG1 in the medulloblastoma cell line, DAOY, was associated with the induction of neuronal differentiation markers and significant changes in multiple signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. Additionally, we observed enhanced survival in intracerebellar mice xenografts injected with DAOY cells bearing shFOXG1 constructs versus shLuciferase construct. Overall, these findings suggest that down-modulation of FOXG1 is a prerequisite for the onset of neuronal differentiation during cerebellar development and that a decrease of FOXG1 in medulloblastoma cells offers a survival advantage in mice. We propose that the disruption of signaling pathways that promote mature neuronal differentiation by overexpressed FOXG1 is a contributing event in the neoplastic transformation of cerebellar stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle M Adesina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Pediatrics-Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
| | - Bethany L Veo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Girard Courteau
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Vidya Mehta
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xuli Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Kaifang Pang
- Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Department of Pediatrics-Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Lori Peters
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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82
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Guan X, Fu Q, Xiong B, Song Z, Shu B, Bu H, Xu B, Manyande A, Cao F, Tian Y. Activation of PI3Kγ/Akt pathway mediates bone cancer pain in rats. J Neurochem 2015; 134:590-600. [PMID: 25919859 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most common and severe complications in patients suffering from primary bone cancer or metastatic bone cancer such as breast, prostate, or lung, which profoundly compromises their quality of life. Emerging lines of evidence indicate that central sensitization is required for the development and maintenance of BCP. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of PI3Kγ/Akt in the central sensitization in rats with tumor cell implantation in the tibia, a widely used model of BCP. Our results showed that PI3Kγ and its downstream target pAkt were up-regulated in a time-dependent manner and distributed predominately in the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn neurons, astrocytes and a minority of microglia, and were colocalized with non-peptidergic, calcitonin gene-related peptide-peptidergic, and A-type neurons in dorsal root ganglion ipsilateral to tumor cell inoculation in rats. Inhibition of spinal PI3Kγ suppressed BCP-associated behaviors and the up-regulation of pAkt in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion. This study suggests that PI3Kγ/Akt signal pathway mediates BCP in rats. Central sensitization is required for the development and maintenance of bone cancer pain (BCP). In this study, we reported that PI3Kγ/Akt mediated the function of ephrinBs/EphBs in the central sensitization under BCP condition, and inhibition of spinal PI3Kγ suppressed BCP-associated behaviors. Our results suggest that inhibition of PI3Kγ/Akt may be a new target for the treatment of BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehai Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Qiaochu Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingrui Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenpeng Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huilian Bu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Human Sciences, University of West London, London, UK
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuke Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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83
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Buffington SA, Huang W, Costa-Mattioli M. Translational control in synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction. Annu Rev Neurosci 2015; 37:17-38. [PMID: 25032491 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activity-dependent changes in the strength of synaptic connections are fundamental to the formation and maintenance of memory. The mechanisms underlying persistent changes in synaptic strength in the hippocampus, specifically long-term potentiation and depression, depend on new protein synthesis. Such changes are thought to be orchestrated by engaging the signaling pathways that regulate mRNA translation in neurons. In this review, we discuss the key regulatory pathways that govern translational control in response to synaptic activity and the mRNA populations that are specifically targeted by these pathways. The critical contribution of regulatory control over new protein synthesis to proper cognitive function is underscored by human disorders associated with either silencing or mutation of genes encoding proteins that directly regulate translation. In light of these clinical implications, we also consider the therapeutic potential of targeting dysregulated translational control to treat cognitive disorders of synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly A Buffington
- Department of Neuroscience, Memory and Brain Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; , ,
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84
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Milella M, Falcone I, Conciatori F, Cesta Incani U, Del Curatolo A, Inzerilli N, Nuzzo CMA, Vaccaro V, Vari S, Cognetti F, Ciuffreda L. PTEN: Multiple Functions in Human Malignant Tumors. Front Oncol 2015; 5:24. [PMID: 25763354 PMCID: PMC4329810 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN is the most important negative regulator of the PI3K signaling pathway. In addition to its canonical, PI3K inhibition-dependent functions, PTEN can also function as a tumor suppressor in a PI3K-independent manner. Indeed, the PTEN network regulates a broad spectrum of biological functions, modulating the flow of information from membrane-bound growth factor receptors to nuclear transcription factors, occurring in concert with other tumor suppressors and oncogenic signaling pathways. PTEN acts through its lipid and protein phosphatase activity and other non-enzymatic mechanisms. Studies conducted over the past 10 years have expanded our understanding of the biological role of PTEN, showing that in addition to its ability to regulate proliferation and cell survival, it also plays an intriguing role in regulating genomic stability, cell migration, stem cell self-renewal, and tumor microenvironment. Changes in PTEN protein levels, location, and enzymatic activity through various molecular mechanisms can generate a continuum of functional PTEN levels in inherited syndromes, sporadic cancers, and other diseases. PTEN activity can indeed, be modulated by mutations, epigenetic silencing, transcriptional repression, aberrant protein localization, and post-translational modifications. This review will discuss our current understanding of the biological role of PTEN, how PTEN expression and activity are regulated, and the consequences of PTEN dysregulation in human malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Milella
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Italia Falcone
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Fabiana Conciatori
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Ursula Cesta Incani
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Anais Del Curatolo
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Nicola Inzerilli
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Carmen M A Nuzzo
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Vanja Vaccaro
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Sabrina Vari
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Ludovica Ciuffreda
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
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85
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Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a crucial cellular signaling hub that, like the nervous system itself, integrates internal and external cues to elicit critical outputs including growth control, protein synthesis, gene expression, and metabolic balance. The importance of mTOR signaling to brain function is underscored by the myriad disorders in which mTOR pathway dysfunction is implicated, such as autism, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacological manipulation of mTOR signaling holds therapeutic promise and has entered clinical trials for several disorders. Here, we review the functions of mTOR signaling in the normal and pathological brain, highlighting ongoing efforts to translate our understanding of cellular physiology into direct medical benefit for neurological disorders.
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86
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Abstract
Precise control of the balance between protein phosphorylation, catalyzed by protein kinases, and protein dephosphorylation, catalyzed by protein phosphatases, is essential for cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of this balance leads to pathophysiological states, driving diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. Aberrant phosphorylation of components of the pathways that control cell growth and cell survival are particularly prevalent in cancer. One of the most studied tumor suppressors in these pathways is the lipid phosphatase PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten), which dephosphorylates the lipid second messenger phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), thus preventing activation of the oncogenic kinase AKT (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog). In 2005, the discovery of a family of protein phosphatases whose members directly dephosphorylate and inactivate AKT introduced a new negative regulator of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) oncogenic pathway. Pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) isozymes comprise a novel tumor suppressor family whose two members, PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, are deleted as frequently as PTEN in cancers such as those of the prostate. PHLPP is thus a novel therapeutic target to suppress oncogenic pathways and is a potential candidate biomarker to stratify patients for the appropriate targeted therapeutics. This review discusses the role of PHLPP in terminating AKT signaling and how pharmacological intervention would impact this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Newton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093;
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87
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Genomic and genetic aspects of autism spectrum disorder. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:244-53. [PMID: 25173933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component. The past decade has witnessed tremendous progress in the genetic studies of ASD. In this article, we review the accumulating literatures on the monogenic forms of ASD and chromosomal abnormalities associated with ASD, the genome-wide linkage and association studies, the copy number variation (CNV) and the next generation sequencing (NGS) studies. With more than hundreds of mutations being implicated, the convergent biological pathways are emerging and the genetic landscape of ASD becomes clearer. The genetic studies provide a solid basis for future translational study for better diagnoses, intervention and treatment of ASD.
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88
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Chistiakov DA, Chekhonin VP. Extracellular vesicles shed by glioma cells: pathogenic role and clinical value. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8425-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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89
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Xu W, Xin C, Lin Q, Ding F, Gong W, Zhou Y, Yu J, Cui P, Hu S. Adolescent mouse takes on an active transcriptomic expression during postnatal cerebral development. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2014; 12:111-9. [PMID: 24953867 PMCID: PMC4411375 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal cerebral development is a complicated biological process precisely controlled by multiple genes. To understand the molecular mechanism of cerebral development, we compared dynamics of mouse cerebrum transcriptome through three developmental stages using high-throughput RNA-seq technique. Three libraries were generated from the mouse cerebrum at infancy, adolescence and adulthood, respectively. Consequently, 44,557,729 (infancy), 59,257,530 (adolescence) and 72,729,636 (adulthood) reads were produced, which were assembled into 15,344, 16,048 and 15,775 genes, respectively. We found that the overall gene expression level increased from infancy to adolescence and decreased later on upon reaching adulthood. The adolescence cerebrum has the most active gene expression, with expression of a large number of regulatory genes up-regulated and some crucial pathways activated. Transcription factor (TF) analysis suggested the similar dynamics as expression profiling, especially those TFs functioning in neurogenesis differentiation, oligodendrocyte lineage determination and circadian rhythm regulation. Moreover, our data revealed a drastic increase in myelin basic protein (MBP)-coding gene expression in adolescence and adulthood, suggesting that the brain myelin may be generated since mouse adolescence. In addition, differential gene expression analysis indicated the activation of rhythmic pathway, suggesting the function of rhythmic movement since adolescence; Furthermore, during infancy and adolescence periods, gene expression related to axon repulsion and attraction showed the opposite trends, indicating that axon repulsion was activated after birth, while axon attraction might be activated at the embryonic stage and declined during the postnatal development. Our results from the present study may shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the postnatal development of the mammalian cerebrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengqi Xin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Feng Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peng Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Songnian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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90
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Glutamate as chemotactic fuel for diffuse glioma cells: are they glutamate suckers? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:66-74. [PMID: 24747768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas comprise a group of primary brain tumors that originate from glial (precursor) cells and present as a variety of malignancy grades which have in common that they grow by diffuse infiltration. This phenotype complicates treatment enormously as it precludes curative surgery and radiotherapy. Furthermore, diffusely infiltrating glioma cells often hide behind a functional blood-brain barrier, hampering delivery of systemically administered therapeutic and diagnostic compounds to the tumor cells. The present review addresses the biological mechanisms that underlie the diffuse infiltrative phenotype, knowledge of which may improve treatment strategies for this disastrous tumor type. The invasive phenotype is specific for glioma: most other brain tumor types, both primary and metastatic, grow as delineated lesions. Differences between the genetic make-up of glioma and that of other tumor types may therefore help to unravel molecular pathways, involved in diffuse infiltrative growth. One such difference concerns mutations in the NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 and IDH2) genes, which occur in >80% of cases of low grade glioma and secondary glioblastoma. In this review we present a novel hypothesis which links IDH1 and IDH2 mutations to glutamate metabolism, possibly explaining the specific biological behavior of diffuse glioma.
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91
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O'Connor EC, Bariselli S, Bellone C. Synaptic basis of social dysfunction: a focus on postsynaptic proteins linking group-I mGluRs with AMPARs and NMDARs. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:1114-29. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eoin C. O'Connor
- Department of Basic Neurosciences; Medical Faculty; University of Geneva; 1 Rue Michel Servet CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano Bariselli
- Department of Basic Neurosciences; Medical Faculty; University of Geneva; 1 Rue Michel Servet CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Camilla Bellone
- Department of Basic Neurosciences; Medical Faculty; University of Geneva; 1 Rue Michel Servet CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
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92
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CARNEIRO JULIANAG, COUTO PATRICIAG, BASTOS-RODRIGUES LUCIANA, BICALHO MARIAAPARECIDAC, VIDIGAL PAULAV, VILHENA ALYNE, AMARAL NILSONF, BALE ALLENE, FRIEDMAN EITAN, DE MARCO LUIZ. Spectrum of somatic EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PTEN mutations and TTF-1 expression in Brazilian lung cancer patients. Genet Res (Camb) 2014; 96:e002. [PMID: 24594201 PMCID: PMC7045132 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672314000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading global cause of cancer-related mortality. Inter-individual variability in treatment response and prognosis has been associated with genetic polymorphisms in specific genes: EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PTEN and TTF-1. Somatic mutations in EGFR and KRAS genes are reported at rates of 15-40% in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in ethnically diverse populations. BRAF and PTEN are commonly mutated genes in various cancer types, including NSCLC, with PTEN mutations exerting an effect on the therapeutic response of EGFR/AKT/PI3K pathway inhibitors. TTF-1 is expressed in approximately 80% of lung adenocarcinomas and its positivity correlates with higher prevalence of EGFR mutation in this cancer type. To determine molecular markers for lung cancer in Brazilian patients, the rate of the predominant EGFR, KRAS, BRAF and PTEN mutations, as well as TTF-1 expression, was assessed in 88 Brazilian NSCLC patients. EGFR exon 19 deletions (del746-750) were detected in 3/88 (3·4%) patients. Activating KRAS mutations in codons 12 and 61 were noted in five (5·7%) and two (2·3%) patients, respectively. None of the common somatic mutations were detected in either the BRAF or PTEN genes. TTF-1 was overexpressed in 40·7% of squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC). Our findings add to a growing body of data that highlights the genetic heterogeneity of the abnormal EGFR pathway in lung cancer among ethnically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- JULIANA G. CARNEIRO
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Centro de Ensino Superior e Desenvolvimento, Campina Grande, 58411-020, Brasil
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brasil
| | - PATRICIA G. COUTO
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brasil
| | | | | | - PAULA V. VIDIGAL
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brasil
| | - ALYNE VILHENA
- Hospital Julia Kubitscheck, Belo Horizonte, 30620-470, Brasil
| | | | - ALLEN E. BALE
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA
| | - EITAN FRIEDMAN
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - LUIZ DE MARCO
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brasil
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93
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Xu J, Li Z, Wang J, Chen H, Fang JY. Combined PTEN Mutation and Protein Expression Associate with Overall and Disease-Free Survival of Glioblastoma Patients. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:196-205.e1. [PMID: 24721394 PMCID: PMC4101389 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor commonly inactivated in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), but the prognostic significance of PTEN remains controversial. Here, we demon- strate significant prognostic value of combined PTEN mutation and expression for the survival of patients with GBM on the basis of analysis of large-scale cancer genomic data. PTEN nonsense mutations associated with sig- nificantly shorter disease-free survival and overexpression of PTEN protein linked to shorter disease-free and overall survival of patients with GBM. PTEN nonsense mutations correlated with decreased p53 and Gata3 protein levels and increased genomic instability in human GBM tissues. Expression of nonsense PTEN mutant decreased p53 and Gata3 levels, producing increased DNA damage both in vitro and in vivo. Mice carrying xenograft tumors with nonsense PTEN mutant displayed significantly shorter survival. Our data demonstrated the prognostic value of combined PTEN mutation and protein expression for patients with GBM and highlighted distinct biologic effects of nonsense and missense mutations of PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhaoli Li
- Viral Genetics Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jilin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.
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94
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Xu B, Guan XH, Yu JX, Lv J, Zhang HX, Fu QC, Xiang HB, Bu HL, Shi D, Shu B, Qin LS, Manyande A, Tian YK. Activation of spinal phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B mediates pain behavior induced by plantar incision in mice. Exp Neurol 2014; 255:71-82. [PMID: 24594219 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of postoperative pain may be different from antigen-induced inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. However, central neural plasticity plays a key role in incision pain. It is also known that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B/Akt (PKB/Akt) are widely expressed in laminae I-IV of the spinal horn and play a critical role in spinal central sensitization. In the present study, we explored the role of PI3K and Akt in incision pain behaviors. Plantar incision induced a time-dependent activation of spinal PI3K-p110γ and Akt, while activated Akt and PI3K-p110γ were localized in spinal neurons or microglias, but not in astrocytes. Pre-treatment with PI3K inhibitors, wortmannin or LY294002 prevented the activation of Akt brought on by plantar incision in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, inhibition of spinal PI3K signaling pathway prevented pain behaviors (dose-dependent) and spinal Fos protein expression caused by plantar incision. These data demonstrated that PI3K signaling mediated pain behaviors caused by plantar incision in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 32 Jiefang West Road, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Xue-Hai Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 32 Jiefang West Road, Liuzhou 545001, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
| | - Jun-Xiong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin 543001, PR China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin 543001, PR China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- The First Clinical College, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Road, Shenyang 11001, PR China
| | - Qiao-Chu Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Hong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Hui-Lian Bu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Dai Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Li-Sheng Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 32 Jiefang West Road, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Human Sciences, University of West London, London, UK
| | - Yu-Ke Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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95
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Kleijer KTE, Schmeisser MJ, Krueger DD, Boeckers TM, Scheiffele P, Bourgeron T, Brose N, Burbach JPH. Neurobiology of autism gene products: towards pathogenesis and drug targets. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:1037-62. [PMID: 24419271 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The genetic heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is enormous, and the neurobiology of proteins encoded by genes associated with ASD is very diverse. Revealing the mechanisms on which different neurobiological pathways in ASD pathogenesis converge may lead to the identification of drug targets. OBJECTIVE The main objective is firstly to outline the main molecular networks and neuronal mechanisms in which ASD gene products participate and secondly to answer the question how these converge. Finally, we aim to pinpoint drug targets within these mechanisms. METHOD Literature review of the neurobiological properties of ASD gene products with a special focus on the developmental consequences of genetic defects and the possibility to reverse these by genetic or pharmacological interventions. RESULTS The regulation of activity-dependent protein synthesis appears central in the pathogenesis of ASD. Through sequential consequences for axodendritic function, neuronal disabilities arise expressed as behavioral abnormalities and autistic symptoms in ASD patients. Several known ASD gene products have their effect on this central process by affecting protein synthesis intrinsically, e.g., through enhancing the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal transduction pathway or through impairing synaptic function in general. These are interrelated processes and can be targeted by compounds from various directions: inhibition of protein synthesis through Lovastatin, mTOR inhibition using rapamycin, or mGluR-related modulation of synaptic activity. CONCLUSIONS ASD gene products may all feed into a central process of translational control that is important for adequate glutamatergic regulation of dendritic properties. This process can be modulated by available compounds but may also be targeted by yet unexplored routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel T E Kleijer
- Department Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3984 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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96
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Drappatz J, Norden AD, Wen PY. Therapeutic strategies for inhibiting invasion in glioblastoma. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 9:519-34. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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97
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Zamora G, Wang F, Sun CH, Trinidad A, Kwon YJ, Cho SK, Berg K, Madsen SJ, Hirschberg H. Photochemical internalization-mediated nonviral gene transfection: polyamine core-shell nanoparticles as gene carrier. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:105009. [PMID: 25341069 PMCID: PMC4206751 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.10.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The overall objective of the research was to investigate the utility of photochemical internalization (PCI) for the enhanced nonviral transfection of genes into glioma cells. The PCI-mediated introduction of the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) or the cytosine deaminase (CD) pro-drug activating gene into U87 or U251 glioma cell monolayers and multicell tumor spheroids were evaluated. In the study reported here, polyamine-DNA gene polyplexes were encapsulated in a nanoparticle (NP) with an acid degradable polyketal outer shell. These NP synthetically mimic the roles of viral capsid and envelope, which transport and release the gene, respectively. The effects of PCI-mediated suppressor and suicide genes transfection efficiency employing either “naked” polyplex cores alone or as NP-shelled cores were compared. PCI was performed with the photosensitizer AlPcS 2a and λ=670-nm laser irradiance. The results clearly demonstrated that the PCI can enhance the delivery of both the PTEN or CD genes in human glioma cell monolayers and multicell tumor spheroids. The transfection efficiency, as measured by cell survival and inhibition of spheroid growth, was found to be significantly greater at suboptimal light and DNA levels for shelled NPs compared with polyamine-DNA polyplexes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesis Zamora
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Frederick Wang
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Chung-Ho Sun
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Anthony Trinidad
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- University of California, Department of Chemical Engineering/Material Science, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697-2575, United States
- University of California, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 147 Bison Modular, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Soo Kyung Cho
- University of California, Department of Chemical Engineering/Material Science, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697-2575, United States
| | - Kristian Berg
- Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Department of Radiation Biology, Ullernchausseen 70, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Steen J. Madsen
- University of Nevada, Department of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Henry Hirschberg
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
- University of Nevada, Department of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
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98
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Lugo JN, Smith GD, Morrison JB, White J. Deletion of PTEN produces deficits in conditioned fear and increases fragile X mental retardation protein. Learn Mem 2013; 20:670-3. [PMID: 24241749 DOI: 10.1101/lm.032839.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatase and tensin homolog detected on chromosome 10 (PTEN) gene product modulates activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. The PI3K pathway has been found to be involved in the regulation of the fragile X mental retardation protein, which is important for long-term depression and in the formation of new memories. We used delayed fear conditioning and trace fear conditioning to determine learning and memory deficits in neuron subset-specific Pten (NS-Pten) conditional knockout (KO) mice. We found that NS-Pten KO mice had deficits in contextual learning and trace conditioning, but did not have deficits in the ability to learn a conditioned stimulus. Furthermore, we found increased levels in the total and phosphorylated forms of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in the hippocampus of NS-Pten KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin N Lugo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
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99
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Arumugam A, Agullo P, Boopalan T, Nandy S, Lopez R, Gutierrez C, Narayan M, Rajkumar L. Neem leaf extract inhibits mammary carcinogenesis by altering cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 15:26-34. [PMID: 24146019 PMCID: PMC3938520 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.26604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based medicines are useful in the treatment of cancer. Many breast cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine in parallel with conventional treatments. Neem is historically well known in Asia and Africa as a versatile medicinal plant with a wide spectrum of biological activities. The experiments reported herein determined whether the administration of an ethanolic fraction of Neem leaf (EFNL) inhibits progression of chemical carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rat models. Seven-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Upon the appearance of palpable mammary tumors, the rats were divided into vehicle-treated control groups and EFNL-treated groups. Treatment with EFNL inhibited MNU-induced mammary tumor progression. EFNL treatment was also highly effective in reducing mammary tumor burden and in suppressing mammary tumor progression even after the cessation of treatment. Further, we found that EFNL treatment effectively upregulated proapoptotic genes and proteins such as p53, B cell lymphoma-2 protein (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2-associated death promoter protein (Bad) caspases, phosphatase and tensin homolog gene (PTEN), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In contrast, EFNL treatment caused downregulation of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2), angiogenic proteins (angiopoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor A [VEGF-A]), cell cycle regulatory proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 [Cdk2], and Cdk4), and pro-survival signals such as NFκB, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1). The data obtained in this study demonstrate that EFNL exert a potent anticancer effect against mammary tumorigenesis by altering key signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Arumugam
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Paul L Foster School of Medicine; El Paso, TX USA
| | - Pamela Agullo
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Paul L Foster School of Medicine; El Paso, TX USA
| | - Thiyagarajan Boopalan
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Paul L Foster School of Medicine; El Paso, TX USA
| | - Sushmita Nandy
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Paul L Foster School of Medicine; El Paso, TX USA
| | - Rebecca Lopez
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Paul L Foster School of Medicine; El Paso, TX USA
| | - Christina Gutierrez
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Paul L Foster School of Medicine; El Paso, TX USA
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at El Paso; El Paso, TX USA
| | - Lakshmanaswamy Rajkumar
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Paul L Foster School of Medicine; El Paso, TX USA
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100
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Role of the PTEN signaling pathway in autism spectrum disorder. Neurosci Bull 2013; 29:773-8. [PMID: 24136242 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is an etiologically heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders, diagnosed mostly by the clinical behavioral phenotypes. The concept that the tumor-related gene PTEN plays a critical role in autism spectrum disorder has emerged over the last decade. In this review, we focus on the essential role of the PTEN signaling pathway in neuronal differentiation and the formation of neural circuitry, as well as genetic mouse models with Pten manipulations. Particularly, accumulated data suggest that the effect of PTEN on neural stem-cell development contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders.
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