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Yu SL, Lee DC, Sohn HA, Lee SY, Jeon HS, Lee JH, Park CG, Lee HY, Yeom YI, Son JW, Yoon YS, Kang J. Homeobox A9 directly targeted by miR-196b regulates aggressiveness through nuclear Factor-kappa B activity in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1915-1926. [PMID: 26586336 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as crucial posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, and play critical roles as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in various cancers. Here, we show that miR-196b is upregulated in mesenchymal-like-state non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and lung cancer tissues. Moreover, miR-196b upregulation stimulates cell invasion and a change in cell morphology to a spindle shape via loss of cell-to-cell contacts. We identified homeobox A9 (HOXA9) as a target gene of miR-196b by using public databases such as TargetScan, miRDB, and microRNA.org. HOXA9 expression is inversely correlated with miR-196b levels in clinical NSCLC samples as compared to that in corresponding control samples, and with the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Ectopic expression of HOXA9 resulted in a suppression of miR-196b-induced cell invasion, and HOXA9 reexpression increased E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, HOXA9 potently attenuated the expression of snail family zinc finger 2 (SNAI2/SLUG) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) by controlling the binding of nuclear factor-kappa B to the promoter of SLUG and MMP9 genes, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that HOXA9 plays a central role in controlling the aggressive behavior of lung cancer cells and that miR-196b can serve as a potential target for developing anticancer agents. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Lan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chul Lee
- Genome Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ahm Sohn
- Genome Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sung Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon H Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gyo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Il Yeom
- Genome Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Sang Yoon
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeku Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Cho KH, Yu SL, Cho DY, Park CG, Lee HY. Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) attenuates TGF-β1-induced breast cancer cell aggressiveness through downregulating HIF-1α expression. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:829. [PMID: 26520789 PMCID: PMC4628375 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer metastasis is a multi-step event including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is a novel metastasis suppressor protein without anti-proliferating activity. However, a detailed underlying mechanism by which BRMS1 attenuates cancer cell EMT and invasion remained to be answered. In the present study, we report an additional mechanism by which BRMS1 attenuates Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-induced breast cancer cell EMT and invasion. Methods Experimental analysis involving chromosome immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays were used to validate hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) as a transcriptional regulator of TWIST1 and Snail. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyze transcript expression. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were used to analyze protein expression. Matrigel-coated in vitro invasion insert was used to analyze cancer cell invasion. Results BRMS1 strongly inhibited TGF-β1-induced breast cancer cell EMT and invasion. Unexpectedly, we observed that BRMS1 downregulates not only TWIST1 but also Snail expression, thereby inhibiting breast cancer cell invasion. In addition, we provide evidence that HIF-1α is required for Snail and TWIST1 expression. Further, BRMS1 reduced TGF-β1-induced HIF-1α transcript expression through inactivation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB). Conclusion Collectively, the present study demonstrates a mechanical cascade of BRMS1 suppressing cancer cell invasion through downregulating HIF-1α transcript and consequently reducing Snail and TWIST1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwa Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Myunggok Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Lan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Myunggok Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do Yeun Cho
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Myunggok Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Gyo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Myunggok Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoi Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Myunggok Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SH, Cho KH, Kim YN, Jeong BY, Park CG, Hur GM, Lee HY. Resveratrol attenuates norepinephrine-induced ovarian cancer invasiveness through downregulating hTERT expression. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 39:240-248. [PMID: 26428673 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stress hormone norepinephrine (NE) has been associated with acquisition of cancer progression, and naturally occurring phytoalexin resveratrol (REV) has been known to suppress cancer growth and progression. In the present study, we determine the effect of REV on NE-induced ovarian cancer invasiveness. Pretreatment of REV significantly inhibited NE-induced ovarian cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition with concomitant recovery of E-cadherin expression. In addition, our data showed that REV downregulates NE-induced human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression through inhibiting Src phosphorylation and HIF-1α expression. Further, REV reduced NE-induced Slug expression and subsequent ovarian cancer invasion. More importantly, combined treatment of REV with a pharmacological inhibitor of beta adrenergic receptor significantly attenuated NE-induced ovarian cancer invasion compared to single treatment. Therefore, we demonstrate interference of a Src and HIF-1α/hTERT/Slug signaling cascade by REV, providing potential therapeutic targets and inhibition of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwa Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 6 Munhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 6 Munhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Na Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 6 Munhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 6 Munhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gyo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 6 Munhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, Daejeon Regional Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 821 Medical Science Bldg., 681 Gasuwon-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 302-718, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoi Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 6 Munhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang J, Deng YT, Liu J, Wang YQ, Yi TW, Huang BY, He SS, Zheng B, Jiang Y. Norepinephrine induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HT-29 and A549 cells in vitro. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:423-35. [PMID: 26358081 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Norepinephrine (NE) has been implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to explore the effect of NE on cancer cell EMT and to investigate the potential mechanism. METHODS HT-29 and A549 cells were treated with NE, β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist (propranolol) or inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor type I kinase (Ly2157299). Morphology of cells was observed with optical and electron microscope and immunofluorescence staining. Cellular migration and invasion were tested with transwell migration assay and Matrigel invasion assay, respectively. TGF-β1 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were quantified. EMT markers and signaling pathway were measured by RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS NE stimulated TGF-β1 secretion and intracellular cAMP synthesis, induced morphological alterations in HT-29 and A549 cells, and enhanced their ability of migration and invasion. EMT markers induction was observed in NE-treated cancer cells. The effect of NE could be inhibited by propranolol or Ly2157299. β-AR/TGF-β1 signaling/p-Smad3/Snail and β-AR/TGF-β1 signaling/HIF-1α/Snail were two signaling pathways. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that TGF-β1 signaling pathway was a significant factor of NE-induced cancer cells EMT. The data also suggested that psychological stress might be a risk factor which enhances the ability of migration or invasion of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo-Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-tiao Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo-Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo-Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-qing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo-Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-wu Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo-Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo-Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-sha He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo-Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo-Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo-Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Heerboth S, Housman G, Leary M, Longacre M, Byler S, Lapinska K, Willbanks A, Sarkar S. EMT and tumor metastasis. Clin Transl Med 2015; 4:6. [PMID: 25852822 PMCID: PMC4385028 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-015-0048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
EMT and MET comprise the processes by which cells transit between epithelial and mesenchymal states, and they play integral roles in both normal development and cancer metastasis. This article reviews these processes and the molecular pathways that contribute to them. First, we compare embryogenesis and development with cancer metastasis. We then discuss the signaling pathways and the differential expression and down-regulation of receptors in both tumor cells and stromal cells, which play a role in EMT and metastasis. We further delve into the clinical implications of EMT and MET in several types of tumors, and lastly, we discuss the role of epigenetic events that regulate EMT/MET processes. We hypothesize that reversible epigenetic events regulate both EMT and MET, and thus, also regulate the development of different types of metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Heerboth
- />Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Genevieve Housman
- />School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Meghan Leary
- />Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Shannon Byler
- />Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Karolina Lapinska
- />Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Amber Willbanks
- />Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sibaji Sarkar
- />Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
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