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Scior T, Guevara-Garcia JA, Do QT, Bernard P, Laufer S. Why Antidiabetic Vanadium Complexes are Not in the Pipeline of "Big Pharma" Drug Research? A Critical Review. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:2874-2891. [PMID: 26997154 PMCID: PMC5068500 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160321121138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Public academic research sites, private institutions as well as small companies have made substantial contributions to the ongoing development of antidiabetic vanadium compounds. But why is this endeavor not echoed by the globally operating pharmaceutical companies, also known as "Big Pharma"? Intriguingly, today's clinical practice is in great need to improve or replace insulin treatment against Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Insulin is the mainstay therapeutically and economically. So, why do those companies develop potential antidiabetic drug candidates without vanadium (vanadium- free)? We gathered information about physicochemical and pharmacological properties of known vanadium-containing antidiabetic compounds from the specialized literature, and converted the data into explanations (arguments, the "pros and cons") about the underpinnings of antidiabetic vanadium. Some discoveries were embedded in chronological order while seminal reviews of the last decade about the Medicinal chemistry of vanadium and its history were also listed for further understanding. In particular, the concepts of so-called "noncomplexed or free" vanadium species (i.e. inorganic oxido-coordinated species) and "biogenic speciation" of antidiabetic vanadium complexes were found critical and subsequently documented in more details to answer the question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scior
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, P.O. Box: 72570, City of Puebla, Country Mexico.
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Abstract
Eyes absent (Eya), a protein conserved from plants to humans and best characterized as a transcriptional coactivator, is also the prototype for a novel class of eukaryotic aspartyl protein tyrosine phosphatases. This minireview discusses recent breakthroughs in elucidating the substrates and cellular events regulated by Eya's tyrosine phosphatase function and highlights some of the complexities, new questions, and surprises that have emerged from efforts to understand how Eya's unusual multifunctionality influences developmental regulation and signaling.
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Prahallad A, Heynen GJJE, Germano G, Willems SM, Evers B, Vecchione L, Gambino V, Lieftink C, Beijersbergen RL, Di Nicolantonio F, Bardelli A, Bernards R. PTPN11 Is a Central Node in Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance to Targeted Cancer Drugs. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1978-85. [PMID: 26365186 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most BRAF (V600E) mutant melanomas are sensitive to selective BRAF inhibitors, but BRAF mutant colon cancers are intrinsically resistant to these drugs because of feedback activation of EGFR. We performed an RNA-interference-based genetic screen in BRAF mutant colon cancer cells to search for phosphatases whose knockdown induces sensitivity to BRAF inhibition. We found that suppression of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) confers sensitivity to BRAF inhibitors in colon cancer. Mechanistically, we found that inhibition of PTPN11 blocks signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to the RAS-MEK-ERK pathway. PTPN11 suppression is lethal to cells that are driven by activated RTKs and prevents acquired resistance to targeted cancer drugs that results from RTK activation. Our findings identify PTPN11 as a drug target to combat both intrinsic and acquired resistance to several targeted cancer drugs. Moreover, activated PTPN11 can serve as a biomarker of drug resistance resulting from RTK activation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Vectors
- Genomic Library
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Lentivirus/genetics
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Melanoma/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Transduction, Genetic
- Vemurafenib
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- ras Proteins/genetics
- ras Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Prahallad
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guus J J E Heynen
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Germano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. prov. 142 Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy; FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Evers
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Loredana Vecchione
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valentina Gambino
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. prov. 142 Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Str. prov. 142 Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. prov. 142 Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Str. prov. 142 Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Rene Bernards
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Craig SEL, Brady-Kalnay SM. Regulation of development and cancer by the R2B subfamily of RPTPs and the implications of proteolysis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 37:108-18. [PMID: 25223585 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The initial cloning of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) was met with excitement because of their hypothesized function in counterbalancing receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. In recent years, members of a subfamily of RPTPs with homophilic cell-cell adhesion capabilities, known as the R2B subfamily, have been shown to have functions beyond that of counteracting tyrosine kinase activity, by independently influencing cell signaling in their own right and by regulating cell adhesion. The R2B subfamily is composed of four members: PTPmu (PTPRM), PTPrho (PTPRT), PTPkappa (PTPRK), and PCP-2 (PTPRU). The effects of this small subfamily of RPTPs is far reaching, influencing several developmental processes and cancer. In fact, R2B RPTPs are predicted to be tumor suppressors and are among the most frequently mutated protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in cancer. Confounding these conclusions are more recent studies suggesting that proteolysis of the full-length R2B RPTPs result in oncogenic extracellular and intracellular protein fragments. This review discusses the current knowledge of the role of R2B RPTPs in development and cancer, with special detail given to the mechanisms and implications that proteolysis has on R2B RPTP function. We also touch upon the concept of exploiting R2B proteolysis to develop cancer imaging tools, and consider the effects of R2B proteolysis on axon guidance, perineural invasion and collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya E L Craig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4960, USA
| | - Susann M Brady-Kalnay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4960, USA; Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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