51
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Zhu L, Hao J, Cheng M, Zhang C, Huo C, Liu Y, Du W, Zhang X. Hyperglycemia-induced Bcl-2/Bax-mediated apoptosis of Schwann cells via mTORC1/S6K1 inhibition in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Exp Cell Res 2018; 367:186-195. [PMID: 29621478 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cell apoptosis is one of the characteristics of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a multifunctional signaling pathway that regulates cell apoptosis in various types of tissues and cells. To investigate whether the mTOR pathway is involved in cell apoptosis in the Schwann cells of DPN, diabetic mice and rat Schwann cells (RSC96) were chosen to detect phospho-mTOR (Ser 2448), phospho-S6K1 (Thr 389), phospho-4EBP1 (Thr 37/46), Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 by diverse pathological and biological techniques. The results showed that phospho-mTOR (Ser 2448) was decreased in the sciatic nerves of diabetic mice, concomitant with decreased Bcl-2, increased Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cell apoptosis. In addition, high glucose treatment for 72 h caused a 35.95% decrease in the phospho-mTOR (Ser 2448)/mTOR ratio, a 65.50% decrease in the phospho-S6K1 (Thr 389)/S6K1 ratio, a 3.67-fold increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and a 1.47-fold increase in the cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 ratio. Furthermore, mTORC1 inhibition, rather than mTORC2 inhibition, resulted in mitochondrial controlled apoptosis in RSC96 cells by silencing RAPTOR or RICTOR. Again, suppression of the mTORC1 pathway by a chemical inhibitor led to mitochondrial controlled apoptosis in cultured RSC96 cells in vitro. By contrast, activation of the mTORC1 pathway with MHY1485 prevented decreased phospho-S6K1 (Thr 389) levels caused by high glucose and cell apoptosis. Additionally, constitutive activation of S6K1 avoided high glucose-induced cell apoptosis in RSC96 cells. In summary, our findings suggest that activating mTORC1/S6K1 signaling in Schwann cells may be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Electromyogram, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Jun Hao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Meijuan Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Chunxiu Huo
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Lab of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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52
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Ke R, Vishnoi K, Viswakarma N, Santha S, Das S, Rana A, Rana B. Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase and Death Receptor 5 in TRAIL-Berberine-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5521. [PMID: 29615720 PMCID: PMC5882856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies indicated that combination of Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and PPARγ ligand Troglitazone (TZD), can induce significant apoptosis in various TRAIL-resistant prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. These also suggested serine/threonine kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to be a mediator of TRAIL-TZD-induced apoptosis. To further validate AMPK’s role in TRAIL sensitization, we determined the apoptotic potential of TRAIL in combination with the natural compound Berberine (BBR), the latter being a potent activator of AMPK. These demonstrated a significant reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis (increased cleavage of caspase 3, 8, 9) when treated with TRAIL-BBR combination. This apoptosis is attenuated in cells overexpressing AMPKα-dominant negative (DN) or following AMPKα knockdown, confirming involvement of AMPK. To identify potential downstream mediators involved, an apoptosis RT2 PCR array analysis was performed. These showed induction of several genes including TNFRSF10B (expresses DR5) and Harakiri following BBR treatment, which were further validated by qPCR analysis. Furthermore, knocking down DR5 expression significantly attenuated TRAIL-BBR-induced apoptosis, suggesting DR5 to be a mediator of this apoptosis. Our studies indicate that combination of TRAIL and AMPK activator BBR might be an effective means of ameliorating TRAIL-resistance involving DR5 in advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ke
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL-60612, USA
| | - Kanchan Vishnoi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL-60612, USA
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL-60612, USA
| | - Sreevidya Santha
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL-60612, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Subhasis Das
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL-60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL-60612, USA.,University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL-60612, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL-60612, USA. .,University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL-60612, USA. .,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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53
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Zhou Z, Zhu C, Cai Z, Zhao F, He L, Lou X, Qi X. Betulin induces cytochrome c release and apoptosis in colon cancer cells via NOXA. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7319-7327. [PMID: 29725447 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulin is a common triterpene that can be readily obtained from various plants, particularly birch trees, in their natural environment. Specific tumor cells are sensitive to betulin, whereas healthy cells are not. Betulin was observed to stimulate programmed cell death of various cancer cell lines; however, the precise molecular mechanism of action of betulin remains unknown. The present study used colon cancer cells, in which mass apoptosis triggered by betulin was identified, and the apoptotic process was demonstrated to occur via the activation of caspase-3 and -9 pathways. In addition, release of cytochrome c was detected. Furthermore, the pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family, NOXA, was induced following treatment with betulin, and the downregulation of NOXA markedly suppressed the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Conversely, the overexpression of NOXA further enhanced betulin-induced apoptosis. The present study therefore offers novel insights into the mechanism of action of the natural compound betulin against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Chenfang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhongfang Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Liu He
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolou Lou
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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54
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He K, Chen D, Ruan H, Li X, Tong J, Xu X, Zhang L, Yu J. BRAFV600E-dependent Mcl-1 stabilization leads to everolimus resistance in colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47699-47710. [PMID: 27351224 PMCID: PMC5216972 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
mTOR activation is commonly caused by oncogenic mutations in RAS/RAF/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, and promotes cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. However, mTOR inhibitors show limited single agent efficacy in patients. mTOR inhibitors suppress tumor cell growth and angiogenesis, and have recently been shown to induce death receptor/FADD-dependent apoptosis in colon cancers. Using a panel of BRAF V600E and WT colorectal cancer cell lines and in vitro selected resistant culture, and xenograft models, we demonstrate here that BRAFV600E confers resistance to mTOR inhibitors. Everolimus treatment disrupts the S6K1-IRS-2/PI3K negative feedback loop, leading to BRAF V600E-dependent activation of ERK and Mcl-1 stabilization in colon cancer cells, which in turn blocks the crosstalk from the death receptor to mitochondria. Co-treatment with inhibitors to Mcl-1, PI3K, RAF or MEK restores mTOR inhibitor-induced apoptosis by antagonizing Mcl-1 or abrogating ERK activation in BRAFV600E cells. Our findings provide a rationale for genotype-guided patient stratification and potential drug combinations to prevent or mitigate undesired activation of survival pathways induced by mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan He
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Dongshi Chen
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hang Ruan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,The Third Military Medical University Daping Hospital, Daping, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Jingshan Tong
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiang Xu
- The Third Military Medical University Daping Hospital, Daping, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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55
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Zhang N, Bi C, Liu L, Dou Y, Tang S, Pang W, Deng H, Song D. IMB-6G, a novel N-substituted sophoridinic acid derivative, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via activation of IRE1α and PERK signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23860-73. [PMID: 27009865 PMCID: PMC5029669 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophoridinic acid derivatives have received considerable attentions for their potencies in cancer therapy. IMB-6G is a novel N-substituted sophoridinic acid derivative with potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells. In the present study, we explored the antitumor abilities of IMB-6G in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and investigated the underlying mechanisms. We found that IMB-6G inhibited cell growth and induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells. Analyses of the molecular mechanism of IMB-6G-induced apoptosis indicated IMB-6G induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation. Incubation of HCC cells with IMB-6G induced increase in Bip and CHOP levels, which precede induction of apoptosis. Further study showed IMB-6G activated IRE1α and PERK pathways but did not stimulated ATF6 pathway in HCC cells. Moreover, silencing of IRE1α dramatically abrogated IMB-6G-induced pro-apoptotic ASK1-JNK signaling. Importantly, interruption of CHOP rendered HCC cells sensitive to IMB-6G-induced apoptosis via inactivation of Bim, PUMA and Bax. Thus, the IRE1α-ASK1 and PERK-CHOP pathways may be a novel molecular mechanism of IMB-6G-induced apoptosis. Collectively, our study demonstrates that IMB-6G induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis by activating IRE1α and PERK pathways. Our findings provide a rationale for the potential application of IMB-6G in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chongwen Bi
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yueying Dou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weiqiang Pang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongbin Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Danqing Song
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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56
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Cheng X, Chen J, Huang Z. miR-372 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation by directly targeting LATS2. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2812-2817. [PMID: 29456685 PMCID: PMC5795589 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) have previously been demonstrated to be important in the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer. miR-372 was previously revealed to be involved in various types of human cancer, however its function in breast cancer remains largely unknown. The present study demonstrated that miR-372 is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. The downregulation of miR-372 markedly inhibited cell proliferation, arrested the cell cycle in the G1/S phase, and increased the apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Consistently, an in vivo xenograft study also demonstrated the suppressive effects of miR-372 knockdown on tumor growth. Further studies revealed that miR-372 modulated the expression of large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) by directly targeting its 3′-untranslated region in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, silencing of LATS2 was able to rescue the effect of the miR-372 inhibitor. Overall, the results suggest that miR-372 functions as an oncogenic miRNA in breast cancer by targeting LATS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Beihai People's Hospital, Beihai, Guangxi 536000, P.R. China
| | - Junqiang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Beihai People's Hospital, Beihai, Guangxi 536000, P.R. China
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57
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Wang W, Li J, Wen Q, Luo J, Chu S, Chen L, Qing Z, Xie G, Xu L, Alnemah MM, Li M, Fan S, Zhang H. 4EGI-1 induces apoptosis and enhances radiotherapy sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via DR5 induction on 4E-BP1 dephosphorylation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21728-41. [PMID: 26942880 PMCID: PMC5008318 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The eIF4F complex regulated by a various group of eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) can initial the protein synthesis. Small molecule compound 4EGI-1, an inhibitor of the cap-dependent translation initiation through disturbing the interaction between eIF4E and eIF4G which are main elements of the eIF4E complex, has been reported to suppress cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis in many types of cancer. And death receptor 5 (DR5) is a major component in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. However, the correlation among 4EGI-1, DR5 and 4E-BPs have not been discovered in NPC now. Therefore, we intend to find out the effect of 4EGI-1 on the apoptosis process of NPC and the relationship among 4EGI-1, DR5 and 4E-BPs. Our results revealed a significant down regulation of DR5 expression in NPC tissues, which inversely correlated with lymph node metastasis status and clinical stages. Depressed DR5 expression was an independent biomarker for poor prognosis in NPC, and elevated DR5 expression showed longer overall survival time in 174 NPC patients. Besides, 4EGI-1 induced apoptosis in NPC cells through the DR5-caspase-8 axis on 4E-BP1 and eIF4E dephosphorylation exerting positive influence on their anti-tumor activities. The induction of DR5 also sensitized NPC cells to radiotherapy, and the SER was 1.195. These results establish the death receptor pathway as a novel anticancer mechanism of eIF4E/eIF4G interaction inhibitor in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuyuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuzhou Chu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingjiao Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Qing
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mohannad Ma Alnemah
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meirong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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58
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Zhang S, Song X, Cao D, Xu Z, Fan B, Che L, Hu J, Chen B, Dong M, Pilo MG, Cigliano A, Evert K, Ribback S, Dombrowski F, Pascale RM, Cossu A, Vidili G, Porcu A, Simile MM, Pes GM, Giannelli G, Gordan J, Wei L, Evert M, Cong W, Calvisi DF, Chen X. Pan-mTOR inhibitor MLN0128 is effective against intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in mice. J Hepatol 2017; 67:1194-1203. [PMID: 28733220 PMCID: PMC5696057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a lethal malignancy without effective treatment options. MLN0128, a second generation pan-mTOR inhibitor, shows efficacy for multiple tumor types. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of MLN0128 vs. gemcitabine/oxaliplatin in a novel ICC mouse model. METHODS We established a novel ICC mouse model via hydrodynamic transfection of activated forms of AKT (myr-AKT) and Yap (YapS127A) protooncogenes (that will be referred to as AKT/YapS127A). Genetic approaches were applied to study the requirement of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in mediating AKT/YapS127A driven tumorigenesis. Gemcitabine/oxaliplatin and MLN0128 were administered in AKT/YapS127A tumor-bearing mice to study their anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Multiple human ICC cell lines were used for in vitro experiments. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were applied for the characterization and mechanistic study. RESULTS Co-expression of myr-AKT and YapS127A promoted ICC development in mice. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes were required for AKT/YapS127A ICC development. Gemcitabine/oxaliplatin had limited efficacy in treating late stage AKT/YapS127A ICC. In contrast, partial tumor regression was achieved when MLN0128 was applied in the late stage of AKT/YapS127A cholangiocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, when MLN0128 was administered in the early stage of AKT/YapS127A carcinogenesis, it led to disease stabilization. Mechanistically, MLN0128 efficiently inhibited AKT/mTOR signaling both in vivo and in vitro, inducing strong ICC cell apoptosis and only marginally affecting proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that mTOR kinase inhibitors may be beneficial for the treatment of ICC, even in tumors that are resistant to standard of care chemotherapeutics, such as gemcitabine/oxaliplatin-based regimens, especially in the subset of tumors exhibiting activated AKT/mTOR cascade. Lay summary: We established a novel mouse model of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Using this new preclinical model, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of mTOR inhibitor MLN0128 vs. gemcitabine/oxaliplatin (the standard chemotherapy for ICC treatment). Our study shows the anti-neoplastic potential of MLN0128, suggesting that it may be superior to gemcitabine/oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for the treatment of ICC, especially in the tumors exhibiting activated AKT/mTOR cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xinhua Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Biao Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA,School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mingjie Dong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Gastroenterology, 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Maria G. Pilo
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katja Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Dombrowski
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rosa M. Pascale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Cossu
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Vidili
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Porcu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria M. Simile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni M. Pes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - John Gordan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lixin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wenming Cong
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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59
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Yang Y, Liu L, Naik I, Braunstein Z, Zhong J, Ren B. Transcription Factor C/EBP Homologous Protein in Health and Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1612. [PMID: 29230213 PMCID: PMC5712004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), known also as DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 and as growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 153 (GADD153), is induced in response to certain stressors. CHOP is universally acknowledged as a main conduit to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Ongoing research established the existence of CHOP-mediated apoptosis signaling networks, for which novel downstream targets are still being determined. However, there are studies that contradict this notion and assert that apoptosis is not the only mechanism by which CHOP plays in the development of pathologies. In this review, insights into the roles of CHOP in pathophysiology are summarized at the molecular and cellular levels. We further focus on the newest advances that implicate CHOP in human diseases including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and notably, fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ishan Naik
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Boxu Ren
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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60
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Yao Z, Chen A, Li X, Zhu Z, Jiang X. Hsp90 inhibitor sensitizes TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via chop-dependent DR5 upregulation in colon cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4945-4953. [PMID: 29218092 PMCID: PMC5714778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a molecular chaperone, is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Targeting Hsp90 by small molecules has been developed as an attractive strategy of anticancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of Hsp90 inhibitor suppresses CRC growth and potentiates effects of other chemotherapeutic drugs. We found that Hsp90 inhibitor induces chop-dependent DR5 upregulation regardless of p53 status. Furthermore, DR5 is required for Hsp90 inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Hsp90 inhibitor also synergized with TRAIL to induce marked apoptosis via DR5 in CRC. Overall, our results illustrate DR5 play a key role in mediating the anticancer effects of Hsp90 inhibitor in CRC and suggest that DR5 expression can be used as an indicator of Hsp90 inhibitor sensitivity, which has important implications for it clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Yao
- Department of Neurology, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
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61
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Prenner S, Levitsky J. Comprehensive Review on Colorectal Cancer and Transplant. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:2761-2774. [PMID: 28471512 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy worldwide. Some studies suggest that organ recipients are at a higher risk for CRC than the general population. The underlying transplant indications and their inherent risk factors for CRC may drive the variation in incidence rates that are seen in patients receiving different allografts. Recipients with cystic fibrosis are now recognized as a population at high risk for CRC at a young age. Transplant recipients have high mortality following a CRC diagnosis, even if it is detected at an early stage. Certain types of immunosuppression have been shown to accelerate cancer transformation and may contribute to the more aggressive phenotype seen in organ recipients. Given the high incidence and progressive nature of posttransplant CRC, shorter screening intervals with a modality that can detect early-stage polyps may be essential to prevent mortality. Future research is needed to better elucidate the role of immunosuppression in carcinogenesis. This comprehensive review examines CRC risk, screening, and management specific to organ transplant candidates and recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prenner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - J Levitsky
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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62
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Liao Y, Su R, Zhang P, Yuan B, Li L. Cortisol inhibits mTOR signaling in avascular necrosis of the femoral head. J Orthop Surg Res 2017; 12:154. [PMID: 29047405 PMCID: PMC5648506 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-017-0656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ANFH is a major health problem, to which long lasting and definitive treatments are lacking. The aim of this study is to study RNA alterations attributed to cortisol-induced ANFH. METHODS Rat models were stratified into three groups: in vitro group (n = 20) for molecular biological assays, control group (n = 3), and ANFH group induced using lipopolysaccharide and dexamethasone (n = 3). Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) were extracted from the rats. An RNA expression array was performed on BM-EPCs, and enriched genes were subject to pathway analysis. In vitro studies following findings of array results were also performed using the isolated BM-EPCs. RESULTS Significant alterations in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and HIF signaling pathways were identified in BM-EPCs of ANFH. By applying cortisol and dexamethasone to BM-EPCs, significant changes in mTOR and HIF elements were identified. The alteration of HIF pathways appeared to be downstream of mTOR signaling. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression was related to glucocorticoid-dependent mRNA expression of mTOR/HIF genes. mTOR-dependent angiogenesis but not anabolism was the target of GR in ANFH. Inhibition of mTOR signaling also induced apoptosis of BM-EPCs via CHOP-dependent DR5 induction in response to GR stimulation. CONCLUSION Decreased mTOR signaling in response to GR stimulation leading to downregulated HIF pathway as well as increased apoptosis could be the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.
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63
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Mussin N, Oh SC, Lee KW, Park MY, Seo S, Yi NJ, Kim H, Yoon KC, Ahn SW, Kim HS, Hong SK, Oh DK, Suh KS. Sirolimus and Metformin Synergistically Inhibits Colon Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1385-1395. [PMID: 28776332 PMCID: PMC5546956 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.9.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We estimated the effect of various immunosuppressants (ISs) and metformin (M) to provide theoretical background of optimal therapeutic strategy for de novo colon cancer after liver transplantation (LT). Three colon cancer cell lines (HT29, SW620, and HCT116) were used in in vitro studies. HT29 was also used in BALB/c-nude mice animal models. Following groups were used in both in vitro and in vivo studies: sirolimus (S), tacrolimus (T), cyclosporin A (CsA), M, metformin/sirolimus (Met/S), metformin/tacrolimus (Met/T), and metformin/cyclosporin A (Met/CsA). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed and western blot analyses were performed for mTOR pathway proteins, apoptosis proteins, and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) proteins. Tumor volume was measured for 4 weeks after inoculation. MTT-assay revealed significant cell viability inhibition in all 3 colon cancer cell lines in groups of S, M, and Met/S. Of note, group Met/S showed synergistic effect compare to M or S group. Western blot analysis showed significant low levels of all investigated proteins in groups of S and Met/S in both in vitro and in vivo experiment. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited only in the Met/S group. Combination of Met and S showed the most potent inhibition in all colon cancer cell lines. This finding might have application for de novo colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiar Mussin
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of General Surgery, Astana City Hospital #1, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Seung Cheol Oh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Woong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooin Seo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Joon Yi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Sin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Kyun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Oh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Suk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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64
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Qian HR, Shi ZQ, Zhu HP, Gu LH, Wang XF, Yang Y. Interplay between apoptosis and autophagy in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62759-62768. [PMID: 28977986 PMCID: PMC5617546 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are two pivotal mechanisms in mediating cell survival and death. Cross-talk of autophagy and apoptosis has been documented in the tumorigenesis and progression of cancer, while the interplay between the two pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not yet been comprehensively summarized. In this study, we outlined the basis of apoptosis and autophagy machinery firstly, and then reviewed the recent evidence in cellular settings or animal studies regarding the interplay between them in CRC. In addition, several key factors that modulate the cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis as well as its significance in clinical practice were discussed. Understanding of the interplay between the cell death mechanisms may benefit the translation of CRC treatment from basic research to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive, Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhao-Qi Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive, Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - He-Pan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive, Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Li-Hu Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive, Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xian-Fa Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive, Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, PR China
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65
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Na YJ, Lee DH, Kim JL, Kim BR, Park SH, Jo MJ, Jeong S, Kim HJ, Lee SY, Jeong YA, Oh SC. Cyclopamine sensitizes TRAIL-resistant gastric cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated increase of death receptor 5 and survivin degradation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28624529 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is one of the most effective cancer treatments owing to its ability to selectively kill cancer cells, without affecting normal cells. However, it has been reported that several gastric cancer cells show resistance to TRAIL because of a scarcity of death receptor 5 (DR5) expressed on the cell surface. In this study, we show that cyclopamine sensitizes gastric cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by elevating the expression of DR5. Interestingly, survivin hampers the existence of DR5 protein under normal conditions and cyclopamine decreases the expression of survivin, thus acting as a TRAIL sensitizer. Mechanistically, cyclopamine induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and CHOP, the last protein of the ER stress pathway and it regulates the proteasome degradation of survivin. Taken together, our results indicate that cyclopamine can be used for combination therapy in TRAIL-resistant gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Na
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Bio medicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Bio medicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea; Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Lim Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Bio medicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea; Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Bio medicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Park
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Bio medicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Jo
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Bio medicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Kim
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Young Lee
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Jeong
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Bio medicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea; Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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66
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Li X, Li M, Ruan H, Qiu W, Xu X, Zhang L, Yu J. Co-targeting translation and proteasome rapidly kills colon cancer cells with mutant RAS/RAF via ER stress. Oncotarget 2017; 8:9280-9292. [PMID: 28030835 PMCID: PMC5354731 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancers with mutant RAS/RAF are therapy refractory. Deregulated mRNA translation has become an emerging target in cancer treatment. We recently reported that mTOR inhibitors induce apoptosis via ER stress and the extrinsic pathway upon acute inhibition of the eIF4F complex in colon cancer cells and xenografts, while mutant BRAF600E leads to therapeutic resistance via ERK-mediated Mcl-1 stabilization. In this study, we demonstrated that several other translation inhibitors also activate ER stress and the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Co-targeting translation and proteasome using the combination of Episilvestrol and Bortezomib promoted strong ER stress and rapid killing of colon cancer cells with mutant RAS/RAF in culture and mice. This combination led to marked induction of ER stress and ATF4/CHOP, followed by DR5- and BAX-dependent apoptosis, but unexpectedly with maintained or even increased levels of prosurvival factors such as p-AKT, p-4E-BP1, Mcl-1, and eiF4E targets c-Myc and Bcl-xL. Our study supports that targeting deregulated proteostasis is a promising approach for treating advanced colon cancer via induction of destructive ER stress that overcomes multiple resistance mechanisms associated with translation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Li
- First department, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Daping, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hang Ruan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wei Qiu
- First department, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Daping, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Xu
- First department, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Daping, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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67
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Megger DA, Rosowski K, Radunsky C, Kösters J, Sitek B, Müller J. Structurally related hydrazone-based metal complexes with different antitumor activities variably induce apoptotic cell death. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:4759-4767. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04613d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Three new metal complexes bearing a tridentate hydrazone-based ligand were synthesized and structurally characterized. Depending on the metal ion, the complexes show remarkably different antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik A. Megger
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Kristin Rosowski
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Christian Radunsky
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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Ye T, Su J, Huang C, Yu D, Dai S, Huang X, Chen B, Zhou M. Isoorientin induces apoptosis, decreases invasiveness, and downregulates VEGF secretion by activating AMPK signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7481-7492. [PMID: 28003763 PMCID: PMC5161403 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s122653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoorientin (or homoorientin) is a flavone, which is a chemical flavonoid-like compound, and a 6-C-glucoside of luteolin. Isoorientin has been demonstrated to have anti-cancer activities against various tumors, but its effects on pancreatic cancer (PC) have not been studied in detail. In this study, we aim to investigate whether isoorientin has potential anti-PC effects and its underlying mechanism. In PC, isoorientin strongly inhibited the survival of the cells, induced cell apoptosis, and decreased its malignancy by reversing the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and matrix metalloproteinase and decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Meanwhile, we investigated the activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway after isoorientin treatment, which was forcefully activated by isoorientin, as expected. In addition, in the PC cells that were transfected with lentivirus to interfere with the expression of the gene PRKAA1, there were no differences in the apoptosis rate and the expression of malignancy biomarkers in the tumors of the isoorientin-treated and untreated groups. Thus, we demonstrated that isoorientin has potential antitumor effects via the AMPK signaling pathway, and isoorientin merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ye
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jiadong Su
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Chaohao Huang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Dinglai Yu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Shengjie Dai
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Xince Huang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
- Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengtao Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
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Wang J, Wang H, Wang LY, Cai D, Duan Z, Zhang Y, Chen P, Zou JX, Xu J, Chen X, Kung HJ, Chen HW. Silencing the epigenetic silencer KDM4A for TRAIL and DR5 simultaneous induction and antitumor therapy. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1886-1896. [PMID: 27612013 PMCID: PMC5071577 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant TRAIL and agonistic antibodies to death receptors (DRs) have been in clinical trial but displayed limited anti-cancer efficacy. Lack of functional DR expression in tumors is a major limiting factor. We report here that chromatin regulator KDM4A/JMJD2A, not KDM4B, has a pivotal role in silencing tumor cell expression of both TRAIL and its receptor DR5. In TRAIL-sensitive and -resistant cancer cells of lung, breast and prostate, KDM4A small-molecule inhibitor compound-4 (C-4) or gene silencing strongly induces TRAIL and DR5 expression, and causes TRAIL-dependent apoptotic cell death. KDM4A inhibition also strongly sensitizes cells to TRAIL. C-4 alone potently inhibits tumor growth with marked induction of TRAIL and DR5 expression in the treated tumors and effectively sensitizes them to the newly developed TRAIL-inducer ONC201. Mechanistically, C-4 does not appear to act through the Akt-ERK-FOXO3a pathway. Instead, it switches histone modifying enzyme complexes at promoters of TRAIL and DR5 transcriptional activator CHOP gene by dissociating KDM4A and nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR)-HDAC complex and inducing the recruitment of histone acetylase CBP. Thus, our results reveal KDM4A as a key epigenetic silencer of TRAIL and DR5 in tumors and establish inhibitors of KDM4A as a novel strategy for effectively sensitizing tumors to TRAIL pathway-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Haibin Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Demin Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zhijian Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - June X Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jianzhen Xu
- Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, China
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Research 3 Bldg, 4645, 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Tel: +1 916 734 3221; Fax: +1 916 734 0190; E-mail: or
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Research 3 Bldg, 4645, 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Tel: +1 916 734 3221; Fax: +1 916 734 0190; E-mail: or
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Hu R, Qiu X, Hong S, Meng L, Hong X, Qiu J, Yang J, Zhuang G, Liu Z. Clinical significance of TIPE expression in gastric carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4473-81. [PMID: 27524904 PMCID: PMC4966678 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNFAIP8, also known as TIPE, is a suppressor of apoptosis. High expression of both TIPE mRNA and protein has been detected in various cancer cell lines and clinical specimens compared to healthy tissues. Many reports have shown that there is a strong correlation between TIPE overexpression and cancer progression and poor prognosis in human solid cancers. METHODS To illustrate the functional and clinical significance of TIPE in gastric cancer, we used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry to measure TIPE expression in clinical gastric specimens. Then, TIPE expression was knocked down by using shRNA and anti-DR5ScFv, to examine different expressions of TIPE in BGC823 cell lines, while cell proliferation and apoptosis were induced. RESULTS We found that there was a strong correlation between TIPE expression and TNM stage (P=0.044), tumor depth (P=0.016), lymph node metastasis (P=0.026), and distant metastasis (P=0.045). No significant correlation was found between TIPE expression with the patients' age (P=0.062) or sex (P=0.459). Anti-DR5ScFv induced TIPE depletion both in vitro and in vivo and resulted in apoptosis and suppression of proliferation. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that TIPE expression was associated with gastric cancer progression, and most importantly, suppressing TIPE expression might be an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Hu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfeng Qiu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Division of Gastroenterology Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Gastroenterology Institute of Xiamen University, Gastroenterology Center of Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifu Hong
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Luxi Meng
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinya Hong
- Fujian Medical University, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Qiu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohong Zhuang
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongchen Liu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Bellozi PMQ, Lima IVDA, Dória JG, Vieira ÉLM, Campos AC, Candelario-Jalil E, Reis HJ, Teixeira AL, Ribeiro FM, de Oliveira ACP. Neuroprotective effects of the anticancer drug NVP-BEZ235 (dactolisib) on amyloid-β 1-42 induced neurotoxicity and memory impairment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25226. [PMID: 27142962 PMCID: PMC4855228 DOI: 10.1038/srep25226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the main cause of dementia. Substantial evidences indicate that there is over-activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in AD. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ; dactolisib), a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor that is under phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of some types of cancer, in hippocampal neuronal cultures stimulated with amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-42 and in mice injected with Aβ 1-42 in the hippocampus. In cell cultures, BEZ reduced neuronal death induced by Aβ. BEZ, but not rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, or LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor that also inhibits mTOR, reduced the memory impairment induced by Aβ. The effect induced by Aβ was also prevented in PI3Kγ(-/-) mice. Neuronal death and microgliosis induced by Aβ were reduced by BEZ. In addition, the compound increased IL-10 and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus. Finally, BEZ did not change the phosphorylation of Akt and p70s6K, suggesting that the involvement of PI3K and mTOR in the effects induced by BEZ remains controversial. Therefore, BEZ represents a potential strategy to prevent the pathological outcomes induced by Aβ and should be investigated in other models of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Guimarães Dória
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Alline Cristina Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | - Helton José Reis
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Mara Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
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72
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Wu XB, Liu Y, Wang GH, Xu X, Cai Y, Wang HY, Li YQ, Meng HF, Dai F, Jin JD. Mesenchymal stem cells promote colorectal cancer progression through AMPK/mTOR-mediated NF-κB activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21420. [PMID: 26892992 PMCID: PMC4759824 DOI: 10.1038/srep21420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert a tumor-promoting effect in a variety of human cancers. This study was designed to identify the molecular mechanisms related to the tumor-promoting effect of MSCs in colorectal cancer. In vitro analysis of colorectal cancer cell lines cultured in MSC conditioned media (MSC-CM) showed that MSC-CM significantly promoted the progression of the cancer cells by enhancing cell proliferation, migration and colony formation. The tumorigenic effect of MSC-CM was attributed to altered expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and inhibition of apoptosis. Furthermore, MSC-CM induced high level expression of a number of pluripotency factors in the cancer cells. ELISAs revealed MSC-CM contained higher levels of IL-6 and IL-8, which are associated with the progression of cancer. Moreover, MSC-CM downregulated AMPK mRNA and protein phosphorylation, but upregulated mTOR mRNA and protein phosphorylation. The NF-κB pathway was activated after addition of MSC-CM. An in vivo model in Balb/C mice confirmed the ability of MSC-CM to promote the invasion and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. This study indicates that MSCs promote the progression of colorectal cancer via AMPK/mTOR-mediated NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, P. R. China.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- The First Hospital Attached to Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital Attached to Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.71, Bao Shan North Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang City
| | - Gui-Hua Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xu
- The General Hospital of Chinese Armed Force Police, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cai
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yi Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Qi Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Fang Meng
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Fu Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, P. R. China
| | - Ji-De Jin
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
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Su HY, Waldron RT, Gong R, Ramanujan VK, Pandol SJ, Lugea A. The Unfolded Protein Response Plays a Predominant Homeostatic Role in Response to Mitochondrial Stress in Pancreatic Stellate Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148999. [PMID: 26849807 PMCID: PMC4743835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PaSC) are key participants in the stroma of pancreatic cancer, secreting extracellular matrix proteins and inflammatory mediators. Tumors are poorly vascularized, creating metabolic stress conditions in cancer and stromal cells that necessitate adaptive homeostatic cellular programs. Activation of autophagy and the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR) have been described in hepatic stellate cells, but the role of these processes in PaSC responses to metabolic stress is unknown. We reported that the PI3K/mTOR pathway, which AMPK can regulate through multiple inputs, modulates PaSC activation and fibrogenic potential. Here, using primary and immortalized mouse PaSC, we assess the relative contributions of AMPK/mTOR signaling, autophagy and the UPR to cell fate responses during metabolic stress induced by mitochondrial dysfunction. The mitochondrial uncoupler rottlerin at low doses (0.5-2.5 μM) was added to cells cultured in 10% FBS complete media. Mitochondria rapidly depolarized, followed by altered mitochondrial dynamics and decreased cellular ATP levels. This mitochondrial dysfunction elicited rapid, sustained AMPK activation, mTOR pathway inhibition, and blockade of autophagic flux. Rottlerin treatment also induced rapid, sustained PERK/CHOP UPR signaling. Subsequently, high doses (>5 μM) induced loss of cell viability and cell death. Interestingly, AMPK knock-down using siRNA did not prevent rottlerin-induced mTOR inhibition, autophagy, or CHOP upregulation, suggesting that AMPK is dispensable for these responses. Moreover, CHOP genetic deletion, but not AMPK knock-down, prevented rottlerin-induced apoptosis and supported cell survival, suggesting that UPR signaling is a major modulator of cell fate in PaSC during metabolic stress. Further, short-term rottlerin treatment reduced both PaSC fibrogenic potential and IL-6 mRNA expression. In contrast, expression levels of the angiogenic factors HGF and VEGFα were unaffected, and the immune modulator IL-4 was markedly upregulated. These data imply that metabolic stress-induced PaSC reprogramming differentially modulates neighboring cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yuan Su
- Pancreatic Research Group, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Richard T. Waldron
- Pancreatic Research Group, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA/VA Greater Los Angeles Health Sciences Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Raymond Gong
- Pancreatic Research Group, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - V. Krishnan Ramanujan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA/VA Greater Los Angeles Health Sciences Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Metabolic Photonics Laboratory, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Pancreatic Research Group, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA/VA Greater Los Angeles Health Sciences Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Pancreatic Research Group, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA/VA Greater Los Angeles Health Sciences Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Popescu AM, Purcaru SO, Alexandru O, Dricu A. New perspectives in glioblastoma antiangiogenic therapy. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 20:109-18. [PMID: 27358588 PMCID: PMC4925727 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2015.56122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is highly vascularised tumour, known to exhibit enhanced infiltrative potential. One of the characteristics of glioblastoma is microvascular proliferation surrounding necrotic areas, as a response to a hypoxic environment, which in turn increases the expression of angiogenic factors and their signalling pathways (RAS/RAF/ERK/MAPK pathway, PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and WTN signalling cascade). Currently, a small number of anti-angiogenic drugs, extending glioblastoma patients survival, are available for clinical use. Most medications are ineffective in clinical therapy of glioblastoma due to acquired malignant cells or intrinsic resistance, angiogenic receptors cross-activation and redundant intracellular signalling, or the inability of the drug to cross the blood-brain barrier and to reach its target in vivo. Researchers have also observed that GB tumours are different in many aspects, even when they derive from the same tissue, which is the reason for personalised therapy. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating glioblastoma angiogenesis and invasion may be important in the future development of curative therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefana Oana Purcaru
- Unit of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Oana Alexandru
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova and Clinical Hospital of Neuropsychiatry Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Unit of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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