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Xu F, Ma Y, Huang W, Gao J, Guo M, Li J, Kong L, Liang G, Du R, Xu Q, Wu X. Typically inhibiting USP14 promotes autophagy in M1-like macrophages and alleviates CLP-induced sepsis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:666. [PMID: 32820146 PMCID: PMC7441392 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, with diverse functions and variable phenotypes, are considered as an important executor of inflammatory diseases. And it has been proved that autophagy is deeply connected with the development of inflammation, while the exact regulatory mechanism still remains unclear, and the application of autophagy regulators in anti-inflammation needs to be further confirmed. Here, we firstly verified that neochromine S5 (hereinafter referred to as S5) significantly inhibited M1-like macrophage polarization with decrease of the proinflammatory cytokines and downregulation of NF-κB and STAT1 signals. Then, in vivo experiments demonstrated S5 improved cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis specially based on the regulation of M1-like macrophages. Mechanistic studies indicated that S5 treatment dramatically upregulated cellular autophagy in M1-like macrophage. Furthermore, by multiple methods, S5 was revealed to directly bind with ubiquitin-specific proteases 14 (USP14) at Ser404, Phe405, and Cys414 by hydrogen bond to inhibit its deubiquitinating activity, and block USP14-TRAF6 (TNF receptor associated factor 6) interaction, subsequently promoting ubiquitination of Beclin1, interrupting Beclin1-Bcl2 interaction, and accumulating the autophagosome in macrophages, which finally resulted in the blockade of M1-like macrophage polarization. Animal experiments also confirmed the protection of S5 in CLP mice was dependent on activation of macrophage autophagy. What's more, as a novel USP14 inhibitor, S5 exhibited higher efficiency and safety than IU1, the known USP14 inhibitor. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that typically inhibiting USP14 promotes autophagy in M1-like macrophages and alleviates CLP-induced sepsis. Moreover, we provide a new candidate compound, S5, for sensitizing autophagy to interfere with the macrophage inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Yuxiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Jianxin Li
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Lingdong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Guang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, 325035 China
| | - Ronghui Du
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Xudong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
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Wang ZA, Cole PA. The Chemical Biology of Reversible Lysine Post-translational Modifications. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:953-969. [PMID: 32698016 PMCID: PMC7487139 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lysine (Lys) residues in proteins undergo a wide range of reversible post-translational modifications (PTMs), which can regulate enzyme activities, chromatin structure, protein-protein interactions, protein stability, and cellular localization. Here we discuss the "writers," "erasers," and "readers" of some of the common protein Lys PTMs and summarize examples of their major biological impacts. We also review chemical biology approaches, from small-molecule probes to protein chemistry technologies, that have helped to delineate Lys PTM functions and show promise for a diverse set of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng A Wang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur NRB, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur NRB, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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53
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Li Q, Wang M, Xue H, Liu W, Guo Y, Xu R, Shao B, Yuan Q. Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 34 Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation by Regulating NF-κB Signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1597-1608. [PMID: 32212276 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitination and deubiquitination enzymes ensure the stability and proper function of most cellular proteins. Disturbance of either enzyme compromises tissue homeostasis. We recently have identified that the ubiquitin-specific protease 34 (USP34) contributes to bone formation by promoting osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, its role in bone resorption, which couples bone formation, remains unknown. Here we show that knockdown of Usp34 promotes osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells. Conditional knockout of Usp34 in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) or in osteoclasts leads to elevated osteoclast function and low bone mass. Mechanically, we identify that USP34 restrains NF-κB signaling by deubiquitinating and stabilizing the NF-κB inhibitor alpha (IκBα). Overexpression of IκBα represses osteoclastic hyperfunction of Usp34-deficient RAW264.7 cells. Collectively, our results show that USP34 inhibits osteoclastogenesis by regulating NF-κB signaling. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanxiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Shin JY, Muniyappan S, Tran NN, Park H, Lee SB, Lee BH. Deubiquitination Reactions on the Proteasome for Proteasome Versatility. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5312. [PMID: 32726943 PMCID: PMC7432943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 26S proteasome, a master player in proteolysis, is the most complex and meticulously contextured protease in eukaryotic cells. While capable of hosting thousands of discrete substrates due to the selective recognition of ubiquitin tags, this protease complex is also dynamically checked through diverse regulatory mechanisms. The proteasome's versatility ensures precise control over active proteolysis, yet prevents runaway or futile degradation of many essential cellular proteins. Among the multi-layered processes regulating the proteasome's proteolysis, deubiquitination reactions are prominent because they not only recycle ubiquitins, but also impose a critical checkpoint for substrate degradation on the proteasome. Of note, three distinct classes of deubiquitinating enzymes-USP14, RPN11, and UCH37-are associated with the 19S subunits of the human proteasome. Recent biochemical and structural studies suggest that these enzymes exert dynamic influence over proteasome output with limited redundancy, and at times act in opposition. Such distinct activities occur spatially on the proteasome, temporally through substrate processing, and differentially for ubiquitin topology. Therefore, deubiquitinating enzymes on the proteasome may fine-tune the degradation depending on various cellular contexts and for dynamic proteolysis outcomes. Given that the proteasome is among the most important drug targets, the biology of proteasome-associated deubiquitination should be further elucidated for its potential targeting in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeong Shin
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea; (J.Y.S.); (S.M.); (N.-N.T.); (H.P.)
- Protein Dynamics-based Proteotoxicity Control Lab, Basic Research Lab, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
- Center for Cell Fate Reprogramming & Control, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Srinivasan Muniyappan
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea; (J.Y.S.); (S.M.); (N.-N.T.); (H.P.)
| | - Non-Nuoc Tran
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea; (J.Y.S.); (S.M.); (N.-N.T.); (H.P.)
- Protein Dynamics-based Proteotoxicity Control Lab, Basic Research Lab, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
- Center for Cell Fate Reprogramming & Control, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Hyeonjeong Park
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea; (J.Y.S.); (S.M.); (N.-N.T.); (H.P.)
- Protein Dynamics-based Proteotoxicity Control Lab, Basic Research Lab, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Protein Dynamics-based Proteotoxicity Control Lab, Basic Research Lab, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea; (J.Y.S.); (S.M.); (N.-N.T.); (H.P.)
- Protein Dynamics-based Proteotoxicity Control Lab, Basic Research Lab, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
- Center for Cell Fate Reprogramming & Control, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
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DUBs Activating the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061518. [PMID: 32531973 PMCID: PMC7352588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (HH) pathway governs cell proliferation and patterning during embryonic development and is involved in regeneration, homeostasis and stem cell maintenance in adult tissues. The activity of this signaling is finely modulated at multiple levels and its dysregulation contributes to the onset of several human cancers. Ubiquitylation is a coordinated post-translational modification that controls a wide range of cellular functions and signaling transduction pathways. It is mediated by a sequential enzymatic network, in which ubiquitin ligases (E3) and deubiquitylase (DUBs) proteins are the main actors. The dynamic balance of the activity of these enzymes dictates the abundance and the fate of cellular proteins, thus affecting both physiological and pathological processes. Several E3 ligases regulating the stability and activity of the key components of the HH pathway have been identified. Further, DUBs have emerged as novel players in HH signaling transduction, resulting as attractive and promising drug targets. Here, we review the HH-associated DUBs, discussing the consequences of deubiquitylation on the maintenance of the HH pathway activity and its implication in tumorigenesis. We also report the recent progress in the development of selective inhibitors for the DUBs here reviewed, with potential applications for the treatment of HH-related tumors.
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56
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Yang Y, Wang LQ, Yao BC, Guo ZG. Ubiquitin-specific protease as the underlying gene biomarker for aortic stenosis. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:115. [PMID: 32471496 PMCID: PMC7260852 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aortic stenosis is a common heart valvular disease whose pathological processes include an inflammatory reaction and lipid accumulation. However, its detailed pathogenesis is yet to be completely elucidated. Therefore, it is of great significance to further explore the molecular mechanisms of aortic stenosis. Methods Four datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Firstly, the differently expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between control and aortic stenosis samples. Secondly, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to find the highly relevant gene modules. Enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networking were also performed, then Cytoscape was used to identify hub genes. Finally, the six participants (3 control participants and 3 patients with aortic stenosis) were recruited at the Tianjin Chest Hospital. In order to verify the expression level of USP14, several molecular experiments were performed, including hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence technology, real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and western blotting. Results A total of 9636 DEGs were found between the control and aortic stenosis samples. The DEGs were mainly enriched in the autophagy-animal, cellular lipid catabolic process, apoptosis, and glycoside metabolic process categories. Eleven hub genes were identified via four different algorithms. Following verification of the patient samples, Ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) was found to be displayed at higher levels in the aortic stenosis samples. Conclusion USP14 might be involved in the occurrence and development of aortic stenosis, so it would be a molecular target for early diagnosis and specific treatment of aortic stenosis. There is a significant association between the high expression of USP14 and aortic stenosis, indicating that this gene may be a genetic risk factor for aortic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 South Taierzhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Lian-Qun Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 South Taierzhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Bo-Chen Yao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 South Taierzhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 South Taierzhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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57
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Zhang S, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Xiao Q, Zhang Y, Lou Y, Qiu Y, Zhu F. The mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic novel nucleic acids for hepatocellular carcinoma emerging in past score years. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:1860-1883. [PMID: 32249290 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite The Central Dogma states the destiny of gene as 'DNA makes RNA and RNA makes protein', the nucleic acids not only store and transmit genetic information but also, surprisingly, join in intracellular vital movement as a regulator of gene expression. Bioinformatics has contributed to knowledge for a series of emerging novel nucleic acids molecules. For typical cases, microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) exert crucial role in regulating vital biological processes, especially in malignant diseases. Due to extraordinarily heterogeneity among all malignancies, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged enormous limitation in diagnosis and therapy. Mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic nucleic acids for HCC emerging in past score years have been systematically reviewed. Particularly, we have organized recent advances on nucleic acids of HCC into three facets: (i) summarizing diverse nucleic acids and their modification (miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, circulating tumor DNA and DNA methylation) acting as potential biomarkers in HCC diagnosis; (ii) concluding different patterns of three key noncoding RNAs (miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA) in gene regulation and (iii) outlining the progress of these novel nucleic acids for HCC diagnosis and therapy in clinical trials, and discuss their possibility for clinical applications. All in all, this review takes a detailed look at the advances of novel nucleic acids from potential of biomarkers and elaboration of mechanism to early clinical application in past 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital in Zhejiang University, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Life Sciences in Nanchang University, China
| | - Zhengwen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Qitao Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yan Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital in Zhejiang University, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
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58
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Gutierrez-Diaz BT, Gu W, Ntziachristos P. Deubiquitinases: Pro-oncogenic Activity and Therapeutic Targeting in Blood Malignancies. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:327-340. [PMID: 32139316 PMCID: PMC7258259 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinases are enzymes that remove ubiquitin moieties from the vast majority of cellular proteins, controlling their stability, interactions, and localization. The expression and activity of deubiquitinases are critical for physiology and can go awry in various diseases, including cancer. Based on recent findings in human blood cancers, we discuss the functions of selected deubiquitinases in acute leukemia and efforts to target these enzymes with the aim of blocking leukemia growth and improving disease outcomes. We focus on the emergence of the newest generation of preclinical inhibitors by discussing their modes of inhibition and their effects on leukemia biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca T Gutierrez-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panagiotis Ntziachristos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Subquinocin, a small molecule inhibitor of CYLD and USP-family deubiquitinating enzymes, promotes NF-κB signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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60
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Deng L, Meng T, Chen L, Wei W, Wang P. The role of ubiquitination in tumorigenesis and targeted drug discovery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:11. [PMID: 32296023 PMCID: PMC7048745 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the "quantity" and "quality" of various proteins, serving to ensure cell homeostasis and guarantee life activities. The regulation of ubiquitination is multifaceted and works not only at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels (phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, etc.) but also at the protein level (activators or repressors). When regulatory mechanisms are aberrant, the altered biological processes may subsequently induce serious human diseases, especially various types of cancer. In tumorigenesis, the altered biological processes involve tumor metabolism, the immunological tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer stem cell (CSC) stemness and so on. With regard to tumor metabolism, the ubiquitination of some key proteins such as RagA, mTOR, PTEN, AKT, c-Myc and P53 significantly regulates the activity of the mTORC1, AMPK and PTEN-AKT signaling pathways. In addition, ubiquitination in the TLR, RLR and STING-dependent signaling pathways also modulates the TME. Moreover, the ubiquitination of core stem cell regulator triplets (Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2) and members of the Wnt and Hippo-YAP signaling pathways participates in the maintenance of CSC stemness. Based on the altered components, including the proteasome, E3 ligases, E1, E2 and deubiquitinases (DUBs), many molecular targeted drugs have been developed to combat cancer. Among them, small molecule inhibitors targeting the proteasome, such as bortezomib, carfilzomib, oprozomib and ixazomib, have achieved tangible success. In addition, MLN7243 and MLN4924 (targeting the E1 enzyme), Leucettamol A and CC0651 (targeting the E2 enzyme), nutlin and MI-219 (targeting the E3 enzyme), and compounds G5 and F6 (targeting DUB activity) have also shown potential in preclinical cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in understanding the substrates for ubiquitination and their special functions in tumor metabolism regulation, TME modulation and CSC stemness maintenance. Moreover, potential therapeutic targets for cancer are reviewed, as are the therapeutic effects of targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Tong Meng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Laboratory Safety and Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Proteasome Inhibitors: Harnessing Proteostasis to Combat Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030671. [PMID: 32033280 PMCID: PMC7037493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is the central component of the main cellular protein degradation pathway. During the past four decades, the critical function of the proteasome in numerous physiological processes has been revealed, and proteasome activity has been linked to various human diseases. The proteasome prevents the accumulation of misfolded proteins, controls the cell cycle, and regulates the immune response, to name a few important roles for this macromolecular "machine." As a therapeutic target, proteasome inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. However, inability to sufficiently inhibit proteasome activity at tolerated doses has hampered efforts to expand the scope of proteasome inhibitor-based therapies. With emerging new modalities in myeloma, it might seem challenging to develop additional proteasome-based therapies. However, the constant development of new applications for proteasome inhibitors and deeper insights into the intricacies of protein homeostasis suggest that proteasome inhibitors might have novel therapeutic applications. Herein, we summarize the latest advances in proteasome inhibitor development and discuss the future of proteasome inhibitors and other proteasome-based therapies in combating human diseases.
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62
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Li P, Liu HM. Recent advances in the development of ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 7 (USP7) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 191:112107. [PMID: 32092586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 7 (USP7) is one among the several deubiquitinating enzymes gaining central attention in the current cancer research. Most recent studies have focused on illustrating how USP7 is involved in the cancer process, while few articles reported the development of small molecule USP7 inhibitors. Although some review articles dealt with USP7, they mainly focused on its physiological role and not on the development of USP7 inhibitors. In this review, we systematically summarise the structures, activities and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of small molecule USP7 inhibitors, recently disclosed in scientific articles and patents from 2000 to 2019. The binding modes of typical compounds and their interactions with USP7 are also presented, while other deubiquitinase inhibitors are described in detail. Meanwhile, we briefly introduce the biochemical and physiological functions of USP7. Finally, challenges and potential strategies in developing small molecule USP7 inhibitors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, And School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, And School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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63
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Finley D, Prado MA. The Proteasome and Its Network: Engineering for Adaptability. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a033985. [PMID: 30833452 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome, the most complex protease known, degrades proteins that have been conjugated to ubiquitin. It faces the unique challenge of acting enzymatically on hundreds and perhaps thousands of structurally diverse substrates, mechanically unfolding them from their native state and translocating them vectorially from one specialized compartment of the enzyme to another. Moreover, substrates are modified by ubiquitin in myriad configurations of chains. The many unusual design features of the proteasome may have evolved in part to endow this enzyme with a robust ability to process substrates regardless of their identity. The proteasome plays a major role in preserving protein homeostasis in the cell, which requires adaptation to a wide variety of stress conditions. Modulation of proteasome function is achieved through a large network of proteins that interact with it dynamically, modify it enzymatically, or fine-tune its levels. The resulting adaptability of the proteasome, which is unique among proteases, enables cells to control the output of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Miguel A Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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64
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Repurposing old drugs as new inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 68:105-122. [PMID: 31883910 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in the degradation of cellular proteins. Targeting protein degradation has been validated as an effective strategy for cancer therapy since 2003. Several components of the UPS have been validated as potential anticancer targets, including 20S proteasomes, 19S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (DUBs) and ubiquitin ligases (E3s). 20S proteasome inhibitors (such as bortezomib/BTZ and carfilzomib/CFZ) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and some other liquid tumors. Although survival of MM patients has been improved by the introduction of BTZ-based therapies, these clinical 20S proteasome inhibitors have several limitations, including emergence of resistance in MM patients, neuro-toxicities, and little efficacy in solid tumors. One of strategies to improve the current status of cancer treatment is to repurpose old drugs with UPS-inhibitory properties as new anticancer agents. Old drug reposition represents an attractive drug discovery approach compared to the traditional de novo drug discovery process which is time-consuming and costly. In this review, we summarize status of repurposed inhibitors of various UPS components, including 20S proteasomes, 19S-associated DUBs, and ubiquitin ligase E3s. The original and new mechanisms of action, molecular targets, and potential anticancer activities of these repurposed UPS inhibitors are reviewed, and their new uses including combinational therapies for cancer treatment are discussed.
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65
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Mann MK, Franzoni I, de Freitas RF, Tempel W, Houliston S, Smith L, Vedadi M, Arrowsmith CH, Harding RJ, Schapira M. Discovery of Small Molecule Antagonists of the USP5 Zinc Finger Ubiquitin-Binding Domain. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10144-10155. [PMID: 31663737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
USP5 disassembles unanchored polyubiquitin chains to recycle free monoubiquitin, and is one of the 12 ubiquitin specific proteases featuring a zinc finger ubiquitin-binding domain (ZnF-UBD). This distinct structural module has been associated with substrate positioning or allosteric modulation of catalytic activity, but its cellular function remains unclear. We screened a chemical library focused on the ZnF-UBD of USP5, crystallized hits in complex with the protein, and generated a preliminary structure-activity relationship, which enables the development of more potent and selective compounds. This work serves as a framework for the discovery of a chemical probe to delineate the function of USP5 ZnF-UBD in proteasomal degradation and other ubiquitin signaling pathways in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep K Mann
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre , South Tower, 101 College St., Suite 700 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Toronto , 1 King's College Circle , Toronto , Ontario M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | - Ivan Franzoni
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Renato Ferreira de Freitas
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre , South Tower, 101 College St., Suite 700 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Wolfram Tempel
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre , South Tower, 101 College St., Suite 700 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Scott Houliston
- University Health Network , 661 University Avenue , Toronto , Ontario M5G 2C4 , Canada
| | - Leanna Smith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre , South Tower, 101 College St., Suite 700 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre , South Tower, 101 College St., Suite 700 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Toronto , 1 King's College Circle , Toronto , Ontario M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre , South Tower, 101 College St., Suite 700 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada.,University Health Network , 661 University Avenue , Toronto , Ontario M5G 2C4 , Canada
| | - Rachel J Harding
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre , South Tower, 101 College St., Suite 700 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre , South Tower, 101 College St., Suite 700 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Toronto , 1 King's College Circle , Toronto , Ontario M5S 1A8 , Canada
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66
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Schauer NJ, Magin RS, Liu X, Doherty LM, Buhrlage SJ. Advances in Discovering Deubiquitinating Enzyme (DUB) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2731-2750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Schauer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Robert S. Magin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Laura M. Doherty
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Systems Biology and Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sara J. Buhrlage
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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67
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Liu B, Chen J, Zhang S. Emerging role of ubiquitin-specific protease 14 in oncogenesis and development of tumor: Therapeutic implication. Life Sci 2019; 239:116875. [PMID: 31676235 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub) is a small protein that can be attached to substrate proteins to direct their degradation via the proteasome. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse this process by removing ubiquitin from its substrate protein. Over the past few decades, ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14), a member of the DUBs, has emerged as an important player in various types of cancers. In this article, we review and summarize biological function of USP14 in tumorigenesis and multiple signaling pathways. To determine its role in cancer, we analyzed USP14 gene expression across a panel of tumors, and discussed that it could serve as a novel bio-marker in several types of cancer. And recent contributions indicated that USP14 has been shown to act as a tumor-promoting gene via the AKT, NF-κB, MAPK pathways etc. Besides, drugs targeting USP14 have shown potential anti-tumor effect and clinical significance. We focus on recent studies that explore the link between USP14 and cancer, and further discuss USP14 as a novel target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signal Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jiangping Chen
- School of International Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Song Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
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68
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Muli CS, Tian W, Trader DJ. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Proteasome's Regulatory Particle. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1739-1753. [PMID: 30740849 PMCID: PMC6765334 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cells need to synthesize and degrade proteins consistently. Maintaining a balanced level of protein in the cell requires a carefully controlled system and significant energy. Degradation of unwanted or damaged proteins into smaller peptide units can be accomplished by the proteasome. The proteasome is composed of two main subunits. The first is the core particle (20S CP), and within this core particle are three types of threonine proteases. The second is the regulatory complex (19S RP), which has a myriad of activities including recognizing proteins marked for degradation and shuttling the protein into the 20S CP to be degraded. Small-molecule inhibitors of the 20S CP have been developed and are exceptional treatments for multiple myeloma (MM). 20S CP inhibitors disrupt the protein balance, leading to cellular stress and eventually to cell death. Unfortunately, the 20S CP inhibitors currently available have dose-limiting off-target effects and resistance can be acquired rapidly. Herein, we discuss small molecules that have been discovered to interact with the 19S RP subunit or with a protein closely associated with 19S RP activity. These molecules still elicit their toxicity by preventing the proteasome from degrading proteins, but do so through different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S. Muli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Darci J. Trader
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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69
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Selvaraju K, Mofers A, Pellegrini P, Salomonsson J, Ahlner A, Morad V, Hillert EK, Espinosa B, Arnér ESJ, Jensen L, Malmström J, Turkina MV, D'Arcy P, Walters MA, Sunnerhagen M, Linder S. Cytotoxic unsaturated electrophilic compounds commonly target the ubiquitin proteasome system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9841. [PMID: 31285509 PMCID: PMC6614553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of natural products have been advocated as anticancer agents. Many of these compounds contain functional groups characterized by chemical reactivity. It is not clear whether distinct mechanisms of action can be attributed to such compounds. We used a chemical library screening approach to demonstrate that a substantial fraction (~20%) of cytotoxic synthetic compounds containing Michael acceptor groups inhibit proteasome substrate processing and induce a cellular response characteristic of proteasome inhibition. Biochemical and structural analyses showed binding to and inhibition of proteasome-associated cysteine deubiquitinases, in particular ubiquitin specific peptidase 14 (USP14). The results suggested that compounds bind to a crevice close to the USP14 active site with modest affinity, followed by covalent binding. A subset of compounds was identified where cell death induction was closely associated with proteasome inhibition and that showed significant antineoplastic activity in a zebrafish embryo model. These findings suggest that proteasome inhibition is a relatively common mode of action by cytotoxic compounds containing Michael acceptor groups and help to explain previous reports on the antineoplastic effects of natural products containing such functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Selvaraju
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Arjan Mofers
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Paola Pellegrini
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johannes Salomonsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Ahlner
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Vivian Morad
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Belen Espinosa
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Maria V Turkina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine SE-58185 Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Padraig D'Arcy
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Michael A Walters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, United States
| | - Maria Sunnerhagen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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70
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Webb M, Sideris DP, Biddle M. Modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction for treatment of disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1270-1277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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71
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Wertz IE, Murray JM. Structurally-defined deubiquitinase inhibitors provide opportunities to investigate disease mechanisms. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2019; 31:109-123. [PMID: 31200854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Ubiquitin/Proteasome System comprises an essential cellular mechanism for regulated protein degradation. Ubiquitination may also promote the assembly of protein complexes that initiate intracellular signaling cascades. Thus, proper regulation of substrate protein ubiquitination is essential for maintaining normal cellular physiology. Deubiquitinases are the class of enzymes responsible for removing ubiquitin modifications from target proteins and have been implicated in regulating human disease. As such, deubiquitinases are now recognized as emerging drug targets. Small molecule deubiquitinase inhibitors have been developed; among those, inhibitors for the deubiquitinases USP7 and USP14 are the best-characterized given that they are structurally validated. In this review we discuss the normal physiological roles of the USP7 and USP14 deubiquitinases as well as the pathological conditions associated with their dysfunction, with a focus on oncology and neurodegenerative diseases. We also review structural biology of USP7 and USP14 enzymes and the characterization of their respective inhibitors, highlighting the various molecular mechanisms by which these deubiquitinases may be functionally inhibited. Finally, we summarize the cellular and in vivo studies performed using the structurally-validated USP7 and USP14 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid E Wertz
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080, USA; Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080, USA.
| | - Jeremy M Murray
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080, USA.
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72
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Liu J, Zhou G, Zhang L, Zhao Q. Building Potent Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells With CRISPR Genome Editing. Front Immunol 2019; 10:456. [PMID: 30941126 PMCID: PMC6433930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown great promise in the treatment of hematological and solid malignancies. However, despite the success of this field, there remain some major challenges, including accelerated T cell exhaustion, potential toxicities, and insertional oncogenesis. To overcome these limitations, recent advances in CRISPR technology have enabled targetable interventions of endogenous genes in human CAR T cells. These CRISPR genome editing approaches have unleashed the therapeutic potential of CAR T cell therapy. Here, we summarize the potential benefits, safety concerns, and difficulties in the generation of gene-edited CAR T cells using CRISPR technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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73
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Veggiani G, Gerpe MCR, Sidhu SS, Zhang W. Emerging drug development technologies targeting ubiquitination for cancer therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:139-154. [PMID: 30851297 PMCID: PMC7112620 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of effective cancer therapeutic strategies relies on our ability to interfere with cellular processes that are dysregulated in tumors. Given the essential role of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in regulating a myriad of cellular processes, it is not surprising that malfunction of UPS components is implicated in numerous human diseases, including many types of cancer. The clinical success of proteasome inhibitors in treating multiple myeloma has further stimulated enthusiasm for targeting UPS proteins for pharmacological intervention in cancer treatment, particularly in the precision medicine era. Unfortunately, despite tremendous efforts, the paucity of potent and selective UPS inhibitors has severely hampered attempts to exploit the UPS for therapeutic benefits. To tackle this problem, many groups have been working on technology advancement to rapidly and effectively screen for potent and specific UPS modulators as intracellular probes or early-phase therapeutic agents. Here, we review several emerging technologies for developing chemical- and protein-based molecules to manipulate UPS enzymatic activity, with the aim of providing an overview of strategies available to target ubiquitination for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Veggiani
- The Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3E1, Canada
| | - María Carla Rosales Gerpe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- The Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3E1, Canada.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada.
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74
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Clague MJ, Urbé S, Komander D. Breaking the chains: deubiquitylating enzyme specificity begets function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:338-352. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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75
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Muniyappan S, Lee BH. In vitro analysis of proteasome-associated USP14 activity for substrate degradation and deubiquitylation. Methods Enzymol 2019; 619:249-268. [PMID: 30910023 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays an essential role in maintaining protein homeostasis and regulates almost every aspect of cellular processes in eukaryotes. Emerging evidence indicates that the proteasome does not work as a simple unidirectional molecular machinery for substrate proteolysis. In fact, proteasome activity should be tightly regulated, and the proteasome itself can be dynamically engaged in the degradation cycle. Proteasome-mediated degradation can occur through multistep mechanisms such as ubiquitin-dependent substrate recognition, deubiquitination, and ATP-driven unfolding and translocation of the substrate into 20S chamber for proteolytic cleavage. Deubiquitination is particularly interesting because this reaction may impose a critical checkpoint for substrate turnover on the proteasome. Notably, there are three major deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) on human proteasomes: USP14, UCH37, and RPN11. USP14 can spare the substrate from degradation prior to the proteasome's commitment step, suggesting that USP14 inhibition may stimulate proteasomal degradation of undesirable proteins under certain proteotoxic conditions. Furthermore, USP14 deubiquitinates multichain conjugates, the first among ~100 DUBs found to have this striking specificity. In this chapter, we describe in vitro methods to test proteasome-associated USP14 activity for substrate degradation and deubiquitylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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76
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Zhu L, Li P, Gao D, Liu J, Liu Y, Sun C, Xu M, Chen X, Sheng Z, Wang R, Yuan Z, Cai L, Ma Y, Zhao Q. pH-sensitive loaded retinal/indocyanine green micelles as an “all-in-one” theranostic agent for multi-modal imaging in vivo guided cellular senescence-photothermal synergistic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6209-6212. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02567g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
pH-sensitive loaded retinal/indocyanine green (ICG) micelles were developed for cellular senescence-photothermal synergistic therapy.
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