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MSD1 regulates pedicellate spikelet fertility in sorghum through the jasmonic acid pathway. Nat Commun 2018; 9:822. [PMID: 29483511 PMCID: PMC5826930 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain number per panicle (GNP) is a major determinant of grain yield in cereals. However, the mechanisms that regulate GNP remain unclear. To address this issue, we isolate a series of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] multiseeded (msd) mutants that can double GNP by increasing panicle size and altering floral development so that all spikelets are fertile and set grain. Through bulk segregant analysis by next-generation sequencing, we identify MSD1 as a TCP (Teosinte branched/Cycloidea/PCF) transcription factor. Whole-genome expression profiling reveals that jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic enzymes are transiently activated in pedicellate spikelets. Young msd1 panicles have 50% less JA than wild-type (WT) panicles, and application of exogenous JA can rescue the msd1 phenotype. Our results reveal a new mechanism for increasing GNP, with the potential to boost grain yield, and provide insight into the regulation of plant inflorescence architecture and development. Inflorescence architecture affects crop grain yield. Here, the authors deploy whole-genome sequencing-based bulk segregant analysis to identify the causal gene of a sorghum multi-seeded (msd) mutant and suggest MSD1 regulating the fertility of the pedicellate spikelets through jasmonic acid pathway.
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Sakuma S, Lundqvist U, Kakei Y, Thirulogachandar V, Suzuki T, Hori K, Wu J, Tagiri A, Rutten T, Koppolu R, Shimada Y, Houston K, Thomas WTB, Waugh R, Schnurbusch T, Komatsuda T. Extreme Suppression of Lateral Floret Development by a Single Amino Acid Change in the VRS1 Transcription Factor. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1720-1731. [PMID: 29101279 PMCID: PMC5717734 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing grain yield is an endless challenge for cereal crop breeding. In barley (Hordeum vulgare), grain number is controlled mainly by Six-rowed spike 1 (Vrs1), which encodes a homeodomain leucine zipper class I transcription factor. However, little is known about the genetic basis of grain size. Here, we show that extreme suppression of lateral florets contributes to enlarged grains in deficiens barley. Through a combination of fine-mapping and resequencing of deficiens mutants, we have identified that a single amino acid substitution at a putative phosphorylation site in VRS1 is responsible for the deficiens phenotype. deficiens mutant alleles confer an increase in grain size, a reduction in plant height, and a significant increase in thousand grain weight in contemporary cultivated germplasm. Haplotype analysis revealed that barley carrying the deficiens allele (Vrs1.t1) originated from two-rowed types carrying the Vrs1.b2 allele, predominantly found in germplasm from northern Africa. In situ hybridization of histone H4, a marker for cell cycle or proliferation, showed weaker expression in the lateral spikelets compared with central spikelets in deficiens Transcriptome analysis revealed that a number of histone superfamily genes were up-regulated in the deficiens mutant, suggesting that enhanced cell proliferation in the central spikelet may contribute to larger grains. Our data suggest that grain yield can be improved by suppressing the development of specific organs that are not positively involved in sink/source relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Sakuma
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba 305 8602, Japan
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680 8550, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Kakei
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 244 0813, Japan
| | | | - Takako Suzuki
- Agricultural Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, Chuo Agricultural Experiment Station, Naganuma, Hokkaido 069 1395, Japan
| | - Kiyosumi Hori
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba 305 8602, Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305 8518, Japan
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba 305 8602, Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305 8518, Japan
| | - Akemi Tagiri
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba 305 8602, Japan
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Ravi Koppolu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Yukihisa Shimada
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 244 0813, Japan
| | - Kelly Houston
- James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robbie Waugh
- James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Takao Komatsuda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba 305 8602, Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305 8518, Japan
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