51
|
Huang J, Pan H, Wang J, Wang T, Huo X, Ma Y, Lu Z, Sun B, Jiang H. Unfolded protein response in colorectal cancer. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:26. [PMID: 33514437 PMCID: PMC7844992 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a gastrointestinal malignancy originating from either the colon or the rectum. A growing number of researches prove that the unfolded protein response (UPR) is closely related to the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. The UPR has three canonical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein sensors: inositol requiring kinase 1 (IRE1), pancreatic ER eIF2α kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Each of the three pathways is closely associated with CRC development. The three pathways are relatively independent as well as interrelated. Under ER stress, the activated UPR boosts the protein folding capacity to maximize cell adaptation and survival, whereas sustained or excessive ER triggers cell apoptosis conversely. The UPR involves different stages of CRC pathogenesis, promotes or hinders the progression of CRC, and will pave the way for novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. Meanwhile, the correlation between different signal branches in UPR and the switch between the adaptation and apoptosis pathways still need to be further investigated in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayang Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinge Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & College of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Huo
- Pediatrics Department of The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Smith RCL, Kanellos G, Vlahov N, Alexandrou C, Willis AE, Knight JRP, Sansom OJ. Translation initiation in cancer at a glance. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs248476. [PMID: 33441326 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division, differentiation and function are largely dependent on accurate proteome composition and regulated gene expression. To control this, protein synthesis is an intricate process governed by upstream signalling pathways. Eukaryotic translation is a multistep process and can be separated into four distinct phases: initiation, elongation, termination and recycling of ribosomal subunits. Translation initiation, the focus of this article, is highly regulated to control the activity and/or function of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) and permit recruitment of mRNAs to the ribosomes. In this Cell Science at a Glance and accompanying poster, we outline the mechanisms by which tumour cells alter the process of translation initiation and discuss how this benefits tumour formation, proliferation and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael C L Smith
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Georgios Kanellos
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nikola Vlahov
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Anne E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - John R P Knight
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Chen YY, Zhang XN, Xu CZ, Zhou DH, Chen J, Liu ZX, Sun Y, Huang W, Qu LS. MCCC2 promotes HCC development by supporting leucine oncogenic function. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:22. [PMID: 33407468 PMCID: PMC7788835 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (MCCC2) in the development of tumors is well-established, and the involvement of leucine in the liver is well-known. However, the role of MCCC2 and the correlation between MCCC2 and leucine in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not yet been reported. Methods In this study, the Gepia database was used to evaluate the prognostic value of MCCC2 in HCC. The expression and localization of MCCC2 in HCC cells were determined by western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Flow cytometry and CCK-8 and transwell assays were carried out to explore the effect of MCCC2 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, mass spectrometry analysis was used to predict the potential cell function of MCCC2 in HCC. Results We found that the expression of MCCC2 increased in HCC tissues and that high expression of MCCC2 could predict poor outcomes in HCC patients. Knockdown expression of MCCC2 in HCC cells could reduce cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in vitro and could inhibit HCC cell proliferation in vivo. Interestingly, we found that HCC cells transfected with MCCC2-sgRNA failed to respond to leucine deprivation. Meanwhile, leucine deprivation inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC cells where MCCC2 was present rather than in cells where MCCC2 was absent. In addition, knockdown of MCCC2 significantly reduced the glycolysis markers, glucose consumption, lactate secretion, and acetyl-CoA level, which is a product of leucine metabolism. Furthermore, we found that MCCC2 promotes the activation of ERK. Profiling the MCCC2 binding proteins revealed that MCCC2-associated proteins are enriched in biological processes, such as protein metabolism, energy pathway, and metabolism in HCC cells. Conclusions Our findings revealed that MCCC2 plays a critical role in the development of HCC, and the leucine metabolism pathway might be a novel target in HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xue-Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen-Zhou Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Dan-Hua Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhao-Xiu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Blood Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Li-Shuai Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Minnee E, Faller WJ. Translation initiation and its relevance in colorectal cancer. FEBS J 2021; 288:6635-6651. [PMID: 33382175 PMCID: PMC9291299 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein synthesis is one of the most essential processes in every kingdom of life, and its dysregulation is a known driving force in cancer development. Multiple signaling pathways converge on the translation initiation machinery, and this plays a crucial role in regulating differential gene expression. In colorectal cancer, dysregulation of initiation results in translational reprogramming, which promotes the selective translation of mRNAs required for many oncogenic processes. The majority of upstream mutations found in colorectal cancer, including alterations in the WNT, MAPK, and PI3K\AKT pathways, have been demonstrated to play a significant role in translational reprogramming. Many translation initiation factors are also known to be dysregulated, resulting in translational reprogramming during tumor initiation and/or maintenance. In this review, we outline the role of translational reprogramming that occurs during colorectal cancer development and progression and highlight some of the most critical factors affecting the etiology of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Minnee
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William James Faller
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Denk S, Schmidt S, Schurr Y, Schwarz G, Schote F, Diefenbacher M, Armendariz C, Dejure F, Eilers M, Wiegering A. CIP2A regulates MYC translation (via its 5'UTR) in colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:911-918. [PMID: 33078202 PMCID: PMC8178152 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated expression of MYC is a driver of colorectal carcinogenesis, suggesting that decreasing MYC expression may have significant therapeutic value. CIP2A is an oncogenic factor that regulates MYC expression. CIP2A is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), and its expression levels are an independent marker for long-term outcome of CRC. Previous studies suggested that CIP2A controls MYC protein expression on a post-transcriptional level. METHODS To determine the mechanism by which CIP2A regulates MYC in CRC, we dissected MYC translation and stability dependent on CIP2A in CRC cell lines. RESULTS Knockdown of CIP2A reduced MYC protein levels without influencing MYC stability in CRC cell lines. Interfering with proteasomal degradation of MYC by usage of FBXW7-deficient cells or treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 did not rescue the effect of CIP2A depletion on MYC protein levels. Whereas CIP2A knockdown had marginal influence on global protein synthesis, we could demonstrate that, by using different reporter constructs and cells expressing MYC mRNA with or without flanking UTR, CIP2A regulates MYC translation. This interaction is mainly conducted by the MYC 5'UTR. CONCLUSIONS Thus, instead of targeting MYC protein stability as reported for other tissue types before, CIP2A specifically regulates MYC mRNA translation in CRC but has only slight effects on global mRNA translation. In conclusion, we propose as novel mechanism that CIP2A regulates MYC on a translational level rather than affecting MYC protein stability in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Denk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Y. Schurr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - G. Schwarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F. Schote
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Diefenbacher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C. Armendariz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F. Dejure
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Eilers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany ,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Yashin AI, Wu D, Arbeev K, Yashkin AP, Akushevich I, Bagley O, Duan M, Ukraintseva S. Roles of interacting stress-related genes in lifespan regulation: insights for translating experimental findings to humans. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2021; 5:357-379. [PMID: 34825130 PMCID: PMC8612394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Experimental studies provided numerous evidence that caloric/dietary restriction may improve health and increase the lifespan of laboratory animals, and that the interplay among molecules that sense cellular stress signals and those regulating cell survival can play a crucial role in cell response to nutritional stressors. However, it is unclear whether the interplay among corresponding genes also plays a role in human health and lifespan. METHODS Literature about roles of cellular stressors have been reviewed, such as amino acid deprivation, and the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway in health and aging. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two candidate genes (GCN2/EIF2AK4 and CHOP/DDIT3) that are closely involved in the cellular stress response to amino acid starvation, have been selected using information from experimental studies. Associations of these SNPs and their interactions with human survival in the Health and Retirement Study data have been estimated. The impact of collective associations of multiple interacting SNP pairs on survival has been evaluated, using a recently developed composite index: the SNP-specific Interaction Polygenic Risk Score (SIPRS). RESULTS Significant interactions have been found between SNPs from GCN2/EIF2AK4 and CHOP/DDI3T genes that were associated with survival 85+ compared to survival between ages 75 and 85 in the total sample (males and females combined) and in females only. This may reflect sex differences in genetic regulation of the human lifespan. Highly statistically significant associations of SIPRS [constructed for the rs16970024 (GCN2/EIF2AK4) and rs697221 (CHOP/DDIT3)] with survival in both sexes also been found in this study. CONCLUSION Identifying associations of the genetic interactions with human survival is an important step in translating the knowledge from experimental to human aging research. Significant associations of multiple SNPxSNP interactions in ISR genes with survival to the oldest old age that have been found in this study, can help uncover mechanisms of multifactorial regulation of human lifespan and its heterogeneity.
Collapse
|
57
|
Ruan H, Li X, Xu X, Leibowitz BJ, Tong J, Chen L, Ao L, Xing W, Luo J, Yu Y, Schoen RE, Sonenberg N, Lu X, Zhang L, Yu J. eIF4E S209 phosphorylation licenses myc- and stress-driven oncogenesis. eLife 2020; 9:60151. [PMID: 33135632 PMCID: PMC7665890 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand a role of eIF4E S209 in oncogenic translation, we generated EIF4ES209A/+ heterozygous knockin (4EKI) HCT 116 human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. 4EKI had little impact on total eIF4E levels, cap binding or global translation, but markedly reduced HCT 116 cell growth in spheroids and mice, and CRC organoid growth. 4EKI strongly inhibited Myc and ATF4 translation, the integrated stress response (ISR)-dependent glutamine metabolic signature, AKT activation and proliferation in vivo. 4EKI inhibited polyposis in ApcMin/+ mice by suppressing Myc protein and AKT activation. Furthermore, p-eIF4E was highly elevated in CRC precursor lesions in mouse and human. p-eIF4E cooperated with mutant KRAS to promote Myc and ISR-dependent glutamine addiction in various CRC cell lines, characterized by increased cell death, transcriptomic heterogeneity and immune suppression upon deprivation. These findings demonstrate a critical role of eIF4E S209-dependent translation in Myc and stress-driven oncogenesis and as a potential therapeutic vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ruan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Stem cell and regenerative medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem cell and regenerative medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Central laboratory, State key laboratory of trauma, burn and combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Brian J Leibowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Jingshan Tong
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Lujia Chen
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Biomedical informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Luoquan Ao
- Department of Stem cell and regenerative medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Central laboratory, State key laboratory of trauma, burn and combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem cell and regenerative medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Central laboratory, State key laboratory of trauma, burn and combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Yanping Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Xinghua Lu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Biomedical informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Lin Zhang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Kato Y, Kunimasa K, Takahashi M, Harada A, Nagasawa I, Osawa M, Sugimoto Y, Tomida A. GZD824 Inhibits GCN2 and Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Amino Acid Starvation Stress. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:669-676. [PMID: 33033108 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinase general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) drives cellular adaptation to amino acid limitation by activating the integrated stress response that induces activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Here, we found that a multikinase inhibitor, GZD824, which we identified using a cell-based assay with ATF4 immunostaining, inhibited the GCN2 pathway in cancer cells. Indeed, GZD824 suppressed GCN2 activation, eIF2α phosphorylation, and ATF4 induction during amino acid starvation stress. However, at lower nonsuppressive concentrations, GZD824 paradoxically stimulated eIF2α phosphorylation and ATF4 expression in a GCN2-dependent manner under unstressed conditions. Such dual properties conceivably arose from a direct effect on GCN2, as also observed in a cell-free GCN2 kinase assay and shared by a selective GCN2 inhibitor. Consistent with the GCN2 pathway inhibition, GZD824 sensitized certain cancer cells to amino acid starvation stress similarly to ATF4 knockdown. These results establish GZD824 as a multikinase GCN2 inhibitor and may enhance its utility as a drug under development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: GZD824, as a direct general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) inhibitor, suppresses activation of the integrated stress response during amino acid limitation, whereas it paradoxically stimulates this stress-signaling pathway at lower nonsuppressive concentrations. The pharmacological activity we identify herein will provide the basis for the use of GZD824 to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of GCN2 and to evaluate the potential of the GCN2-activating transcription factor 4 pathway as a target for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kato
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., K.K., M.T., I.N., A.T.); and Divisions of Chemotherapy (Y.K., M.T., Y.S.) and Physics for Life Functions (A.H., M.O.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kunimasa
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., K.K., M.T., I.N., A.T.); and Divisions of Chemotherapy (Y.K., M.T., Y.S.) and Physics for Life Functions (A.H., M.O.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Takahashi
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., K.K., M.T., I.N., A.T.); and Divisions of Chemotherapy (Y.K., M.T., Y.S.) and Physics for Life Functions (A.H., M.O.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Harada
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., K.K., M.T., I.N., A.T.); and Divisions of Chemotherapy (Y.K., M.T., Y.S.) and Physics for Life Functions (A.H., M.O.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Nagasawa
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., K.K., M.T., I.N., A.T.); and Divisions of Chemotherapy (Y.K., M.T., Y.S.) and Physics for Life Functions (A.H., M.O.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Osawa
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., K.K., M.T., I.N., A.T.); and Divisions of Chemotherapy (Y.K., M.T., Y.S.) and Physics for Life Functions (A.H., M.O.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., K.K., M.T., I.N., A.T.); and Divisions of Chemotherapy (Y.K., M.T., Y.S.) and Physics for Life Functions (A.H., M.O.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tomida
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., K.K., M.T., I.N., A.T.); and Divisions of Chemotherapy (Y.K., M.T., Y.S.) and Physics for Life Functions (A.H., M.O.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Hu Y, Wang F, Xu F, Fang K, Fang Z, Shuai X, Cai K, Chen J, Hu P, Chen D, Xu P, Hu C, Zeng Z, Zhong J, Li W, Tang J, Huang M, Zhao Y, Wang C, Zhao G. A reciprocal feedback of Myc and lncRNA MTSS1-AS contributes to extracellular acidity-promoted metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:10120-10140. [PMID: 32929338 PMCID: PMC7481418 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Previous studies have reported on the role of extracellular acidity in the metastasis of numerous cancers. However, the involvement of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in the extracellular acidity-induced cancer metastasis of pancreatic cancer (PC) remains unclear. Methods: Different expression levels of lncRNAs in PC cells under normal and acidic conditions were compared by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The effects of antisense lncRNA of metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1-AS) on acidic PC cells were assessed by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down, Western blot, luciferase reporter, and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were employed to determine the regulatory mechanisms of MTSS1-AS in the acidity-induced metastasis of PC cells. The expression of MTSS1-AS and associated pathways were compared in PC samples and peritumoral normal tissues. Results: RNA-seq demonstrated that MTSS1-AS was significantly downregulated in pancreatic cells cultured with the acidic medium. The overexpression of MTSS1-AS remarkably inhibited the acidity-promoted metastasis of PC cells by upregulating the expression of its sense gene metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1). Mechanistically, MTSS1-AS scaffolded the interaction between E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1 (STUB1) and transcription regulator myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1), leading to ubiquitination-mediated degradation of MZF1. Further, MZF1 inhibited the expression of MTSS1 by binding to the MTSS1 promoter. Thus, the acidity-reduced MTSS1-AS facilitated the stability of MZF1 and its inhibitory effect on MTSS1 transcription, thereby promoting the metastasis of PC cells under acidic conditions. Moreover, MTSS1-AS was transcriptionally repressed by the binding of MYC proto-oncogene (Myc) with initiator (Inr) elements of the MTSS1-AS promoter. Meanwhile, MTSS1-AS mutually repressed the expression of Myc by impairing the MZF1-mediated transcription activation of Myc, thereby forming a negative feedback loop between MTSS1-AS and Myc in acidic PC cells. In accordance with the experimental results, MTSS1-AS and MTSS1 were downregulated in PC and correlated with poor overall survival. Conclusions: The results implicated that a reciprocal feedback loop between Myc and MTSS1-AS contributed to the extracellular acidity-promoted metastasis of PC, and indicated that MTSS1-AS was a valuable biomarker and therapeutic target for PC.
Collapse
|
60
|
Schmidt S, Denk S, Wiegering A. Targeting Protein Synthesis in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051298. [PMID: 32455578 PMCID: PMC7281195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, protein synthesis controls cell growth and survival and is strictly regulated. Deregulation of protein synthesis is a frequent event in cancer. The majority of mutations found in colorectal cancer (CRC), including alterations in the WNT pathway as well as activation of RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT and, subsequently, mTOR signaling, lead to deregulation of the translational machinery. Besides mutations in upstream signaling pathways, deregulation of global protein synthesis occurs through additional mechanisms including altered expression or activity of initiation and elongation factors (e.g., eIF4F, eIF2α/eIF2B, eEF2) as well as upregulation of components involved in ribosome biogenesis and factors that control the adaptation of translation in response to stress (e.g., GCN2). Therefore, influencing mechanisms that control mRNA translation may open a therapeutic window for CRC. Over the last decade, several potential therapeutic strategies targeting these alterations have been investigated and have shown promising results in cell lines, intestinal organoids, and mouse models. Despite these encouraging in vitro results, patients have not clinically benefited from those advances so far. In this review, we outline the mechanisms that lead to deregulated mRNA translation in CRC and highlight recent progress that has been made in developing therapeutic strategies that target these mechanisms for tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (S.S.); (S.D.)
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Denk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (S.S.); (S.D.)
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (S.S.); (S.D.)
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-20138714
| |
Collapse
|