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Paulus BC, Nielsen KC, Tichnell CR, Carey MC, McCusker JK. A Modular Approach to Light Capture and Synthetic Tuning of the Excited-State Properties of Fe(II)-Based Chromophores. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8086-8098. [PMID: 34014077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of chromophores based on earth-abundant transition metals whose photophysical properties are dominated by their charge-transfer excited states has inspired considerable research over the past decade. One challenge associated with this effort is satisfying the dual requirements of a strong ligand field and chemical tunability of the compound's absorptive cross-section. Herein we explore one possible approach using a heteroleptic compositional motif that combines both of these attributes into a single compound. With the parent complex [Fe(phen)3]2+ (1; where phen is 1,10-phenanthroline) as the starting material, replacement of one of the phen ligands for two cyanides to obtain Fe(phen)2(CN)2 (2) allows for conversion to [Fe(phen)2(C4H10N4)]2+ (3), a six-coordinate Fe(II) complex whose coordination sphere consists of two chelating polypyridyl ligands and one bidentate carbene-based donor. Ground-state absorption spectra of all three compounds exhibit 1A1 → 1MLCT transition(s) associated with the phen ligands that are relatively insensitive to the identity of the third counterligand(s). Ultrafast time-resolved electronic absorption measurements revealed lifetimes for the MLCT excited states of compounds 1 and 2 of 180 ± 30 and 250 ± 90 fs, respectively, values that are typical for iron(II)-based polypyridyl complexes. The corresponding kinetics for compound 3 were substantially slower at 7.4 ± 0.9 ps; the spectral evolution associated with these dynamics confirms that these kinetics are tracking the MLCT excited state and, more importantly, are coupled to ground-state recovery from this excited state. The data are interpreted in terms of a modulation of the relative energies of the MLCT and ligand-field states across the series, leading to a systematic destabilization of metal-localized ligand-field excited states such that the low-energy portions of the charge-transfer and ligand-field manifolds are at or near an energetic inversion point in compound 3. We believe these results illustrate the potential for a modular, orthogonal approach to chromophore design in which part of the coordination sphere can be targeted for light absorption while another can be used to tune electronic-state energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Paulus
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Karl C Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Christopher R Tichnell
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Monica C Carey
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - James K McCusker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Warkentin CL, Yu Z, Sarkar A, Frontiera RR. Decoding Chemical and Physical Processes Driving Plasmonic Photocatalysis Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopies. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2457-2466. [PMID: 33957039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to mitigate the advancing effects of environmental pollution and climate change, immediate action is needed on social, political, and industrial fronts. One segment of industry that contributes significantly to this current crisis is bulk chemical production, where fossil fuels are primarily used to drive reactions at high temperatures and pressures. Toward mitigating the environmental impact of these processes, solar energy has shown promise as a clean and renewable alternative for the photocatalytic synthesis of chemicals. In recent decades, plasmonic materials have emerged as candidates for making this a reality. Because of their unique and tunable interactions with light, plasmonic materials can be used to create energy-rich nanoscale environments. In fact, there is a growing library of chemical reactions that can utilize this plasmonic energy to drive industrially relevant chemistries under standard ambient conditions. However, the efficiency of these reactions is typically low, and a lack of mechanistic understanding of how energy is transferred from plasmons to molecules hinders reaction optimization for use on large scales.To decode the complex chemical and physical processes involved in plasmon-driven photocatalytic reactions, we use surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). In this Account, we detail SERS techniques that we have used and are developing to study molecular transformations, charge transfer, and plasmonic heating in dynamic plasmon-molecule systems on time scales ranging from seconds to femtoseconds. SERS is an ideal analytical tool for understanding plasmon-molecule interactions, as it gives highly specific information about molecular vibrations with high sensitivity, down to the single-molecule level. Importantly, SERS allows for simultaneous pumping of a plasmonic resonance and probing of the enhanced Raman signal from nearby molecules. We have already used these techniques to study a plasmon-driven methyl migration with nanoscale spatial specificity and to understand the charge transfer mechanism and role of heating in the plasmon-mediated dimerization of 4-nitrobenzenethiol. Importantly, from this work we conclude that direct charge transfer, not heating, may play a significant role in driving many plasmon-driven reactions. Despite these recent insights, more work is needed in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the broad range of chemistries accessible in plasmon-molecule systems. In the future, our continued development of these SERS-based techniques shows promise in answering questions regarding direct charge transfer, resonance energy transfer, and excitation conditions in plasmon-mediated chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Arghya Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renee R. Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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53
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Kim JG, Choi EH, Lee Y, Ihee H. Femtosecond X-ray Liquidography Visualizes Wavepacket Trajectories in Multidimensional Nuclear Coordinates for a Bimolecular Reaction. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1685-1698. [PMID: 33733724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusVibrational wavepacket motions on potential energy surfaces are one of the critical factors that determine the reaction dynamics of photoinduced reactions. The motions of vibrational wavepackets are often discussed in the interpretation of observables measured with various time-resolved vibrational or electronic spectroscopies but mostly in terms of the frequencies of wavepacket motions, which are approximated by normal modes, rather than the actual positions of the wavepacket. Although the time-dependent positions (that is, the trajectory) of wavepackets are hypothesized or drawn in imagined or calculated potential energy surfaces, it is not trivial to experimentally determine the trajectory of wavepackets, especially in multidimensional nuclear coordinates for a polyatomic molecule. Recently, we performed a femtosecond X-ray liquidography (solution scattering) experiment on a gold trimer complex (GTC), [Au(CN)2-]3, in water at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and elucidated the time-dependent positions of vibrational wavepackets from the Franck-Condon region to equilibrium structures on both excited and ground states in the course of the formation of covalent bonds between gold atoms.Bond making is an essential process in chemical reactions, but it is challenging to keep track of detailed atomic movements associated with bond making because of its bimolecular nature that requires slow diffusion of two reaction parties to meet each other. Bond formation in the solution phase has been elusive because the diffusion of the reactants limits the reaction rate of a bimolecular process, making it difficult to initiate and track the bond-making processes with an ultrafast time resolution. In principle, if the bimolecular encounter can be controlled to overcome the limitation caused by diffusion, the bond-making processes can be tracked in a time-resolved manner, providing valuable insight into the bimolecular reaction mechanism. In this regard, GTC offers a good model system for studying the dynamics of bond formation in solution. Au(I) atoms in GTC exhibit a noncovalent aurophilic interaction, making GTC an aggregate complex without any covalent bond. Upon photoexcitation of GTC, an electron is excited from an antibonding orbital to a bonding orbital, leading to the formation of covalent bonds among Au atoms. Since Au atoms in the ground state of GTC are located in close proximity within the same solvent cage, the formation of Au-Au covalent bonds occurs without its reaction rate being limited by diffusion through the solvent.Femtosecond time-resolved X-ray liquidography (fs-TRXL) data revealed that the ground state has an asymmetric bent structure. From the wavepacket trajectory determined in three-dimensional nuclear coordinates (two internuclear distances and one bond angle), we found that two covalent bonds are formed between three Au atoms of GTC asynchronously. Specifically, one covalent bond is formed first for the shorter Au-Au pair (of the asymmetric and bent ground-state structure) in 35 fs, and subsequently, the other covalent bond is formed for the longer Au-Au pair within 360 fs. The resultant trimer complex has a symmetric and linear geometry, implying the occurrence of bent-to-linear transformation concomitant with the formation of two equivalent covalent bonds, and exhibits vibrations that can be unambiguously assigned to specific normal modes based on the wavepacket trajectory, even without the vibrational frequencies provided by quantum calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Goo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyuk Choi
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunbeom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Bilger JB, Kerzig C, Larsen CB, Wenger OS. A Photorobust Mo(0) Complex Mimicking [Os(2,2'-bipyridine) 3] 2+ and Its Application in Red-to-Blue Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1651-1663. [PMID: 33434435 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osmium(II) polypyridines are a well-known class of complexes with luminescent metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited states that are currently experiencing a revival due to their application potential in organic photoredox catalysis, triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion, and phototherapy. At the same time, there is increased interest in the development of photoactive complexes made from Earth-abundant rather than precious metals. Against this background, we present a homoleptic Mo(0) complex with a new diisocyanide ligand exhibiting different bite angles and a greater extent of π-conjugation than previously reported related chelates. This new design leads to deep red emission, which is unprecedented for homoleptic arylisocyanide complexes of group 6 metals. With a 3MLCT lifetime of 56 ns, an emission band maximum at 720 nm, and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 1.5% in deaerated toluene at room temperature, the photophysical properties are reminiscent of the prototypical [Os(2,2'-bipyridine)3]2+ complex. Under 635 nm irradiation with a cw-laser, the new Mo(0) complex sensitizes triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion of 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA), resulting in delayed blue fluorescence with an anti-Stokes shift of 0.93 eV. The photorobustness of the Mo(0) complex and the upconversion quantum yield are high enough to generate a flux of upconverted light that can serve as a sufficiently potent irradiation source for a blue-light-driven photoisomerization reaction. These findings are relevant in the greater contexts of designing new luminophores and photosensitizers for use in red-light-driven photocatalysis, photochemical upconversion, light-harvesting, and phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob B Bilger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher B Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Yang, de Groot HJM, Buda F. Tuning the Proton-Coupled Electron-Transfer Rate by Ligand Modification in Catalyst-Dye Supramolecular Complexes for Photocatalytic Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:479-486. [PMID: 32871047 PMCID: PMC7821158 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In view of the considerably high activation energy barrier of the O-O bond formation photocatalytic step in water oxidation, it is essential to understand if and how nonadiabatic factors can accelerate the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) rate in this process to find rational design strategies facilitating this step. Herein, constrained ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate this rate-limiting step in a series of catalyst-dye supramolecular complexes functionalized with different alkyl groups on the catalyst component. These structural modifications lead to tunable thermodynamic driving forces, PCET rates, and vibronic coupling with specific resonant torsional modes. These results reveal that such resonant coupling between electronic and nuclear motions contributes to crossing catalytic barriers in PCET reactions by enabling semiclassical coherent conversion of a reactant into a product. Our results provide insight on how to engineer efficient catalyst-dye supramolecular complexes by functionalization with steric substituents for high-performance dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552300 RALeiden (TheNetherlands
| | - Huub J. M. de Groot
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552300 RALeiden (TheNetherlands
| | - Francesco Buda
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552300 RALeiden (TheNetherlands
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Aydogan A, Bangle RE, De Kreijger S, Dickenson JC, Singleton ML, Cauët E, Cadranel A, Meyer GJ, Elias B, Sampaio RN, Troian-Gautier L. Mechanistic investigation of a visible light mediated dehalogenation/cyclisation reaction using iron( iii), iridium( iii) and ruthenium( ii) photosensitizers. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01771c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The identification of reaction mechanisms unique to the iron, ruthenium, and iridium PS represents progress towards the long-sought goal of utilizing earth-abundant, first-row transition metals for emerging energy and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Aydogan
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rachel E. Bangle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Simon De Kreijger
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - John C. Dickenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Michael L. Singleton
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Emilie Cauët
- Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (CP 160/09), Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Cadranel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Barlow K, Johansson JO. Ultrafast photoinduced dynamics in Prussian blue analogues. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8118-8131. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00535a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A review on ultrafast photoinduced processes in molecule-based magnets with an emphasis on Prussian blue analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Barlow
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- David Brewster Road
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - J. Olof Johansson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- David Brewster Road
- Edinburgh
- UK
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Darari M, Francés-Monerris A, Marekha B, Doudouh A, Wenger E, Monari A, Haacke S, Gros PC. Towards Iron(II) Complexes with Octahedral Geometry: Synthesis, Structure and Photophysical Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:E5991. [PMID: 33348914 PMCID: PMC7767130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of ligand-field splitting in iron (II) complexes is critical to slow down the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT)-excited states deactivation pathways. The gap between the metal-centered states is maximal when the coordination sphere of the complex approaches an ideal octahedral geometry. Two new iron(II) complexes (C1 and C2), prepared from pyridylNHC and pyridylquinoline type ligands, respectively, have a near-perfect octahedral coordination of the metal. The photophysics of the complexes have been further investigated by means of ultrafast spectroscopy and TD-DFT modeling. For C1, it is shown that-despite the geometrical improvement-the excited state deactivation is faster than for the parent pseudo-octahedral C0 complex. This unexpected result is due to the increased ligand flexibility in C1 that lowers the energetic barrier for the relaxation of 3MLCT into the 3MC state. For C2, the effect of the increased ligand field is not strong enough to close the prominent deactivation channel into the metal-centered quintet state, as for other Fe-polypyridine complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Darari
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Antonio Francés-Monerris
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.F.-M.); (A.M.)
- Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Bogdan Marekha
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Abdelatif Doudouh
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.D.); (E.W.)
| | - Emmanuel Wenger
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.D.); (E.W.)
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.F.-M.); (A.M.)
| | - Stefan Haacke
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, F-67034 Strasbourg, France;
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Fataftah MS, Bayliss SL, Laorenza DW, Wang X, Phelan BT, Wilson CB, Mintun PJ, Kovos BD, Wasielewski MR, Han S, Sherwin MS, Awschalom DD, Freedman DE. Trigonal Bipyramidal V 3+ Complex as an Optically Addressable Molecular Qubit Candidate. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20400-20408. [PMID: 33210910 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic chemistry enables a bottom-up approach to quantum information science, where atoms can be deterministically positioned in a quantum bit or qubit. Two key requirements to realize quantum technologies are qubit initialization and read-out. By imbuing molecular spins with optical initialization and readout mechanisms, analogous to solid-state defects, molecules could be integrated into existing quantum infrastructure. To mimic the electronic structure of optically addressable defect sites, we designed the spin-triplet, V3+ complex, (C6F5)3trenVCNtBu (1). We measured the static spin properties as well as the spin coherence time of 1 demonstrating coherent control of this spin qubit with a 240 GHz electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer powered by a free electron laser. We found that 1 exhibited narrow, near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) from a spin-singlet excited state. Using variable magnetic field PL spectroscopy, we resolved emission into each of the ground-state spin sublevels, a crucial component for spin-selective optical initialization and readout. This work demonstrates that trigonally symmetric, heteroleptic V3+ complexes are candidates for optical spin addressability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed S Fataftah
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sam L Bayliss
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Daniel W Laorenza
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Institute for Terahertz Science and Technology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Brian T Phelan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - C Blake Wilson
- Institute for Terahertz Science and Technology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Peter J Mintun
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Berk D Kovos
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Institute for Terahertz Science and Technology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Mark S Sherwin
- Institute for Terahertz Science and Technology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - David D Awschalom
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Danna E Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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61
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Contain your excitement. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:384. [PMID: 37127971 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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