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Katsumi T, Guicciardi ME, Azad A, Bronk SF, Krishnan A, Gores GJ. Activated cholangiocytes release macrophage-polarizing extracellular vesicles bearing the DAMP S100A11. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C788-C799. [PMID: 31365294 PMCID: PMC6851002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00250.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In mouse models of biliary tract diseases, macrophages are recruited to the periductal milieu and promote injury and cholestasis. Although cell necrosis with release of biomolecules termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) promotes recruitment and activation of macrophages, necrosis was not observed in these studies. Because extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important in cell-to-cell communication, we postulated that activated cholangiocytes may release EVs containing DAMPs as cargo. Both the human (NHC) and mouse cholangiocyte (603B) cell lines display constitutive activation with mRNA expression of chemokines. Proteomic analysis revealed that EVs from both cell lines contained the DAMP S100A11, a ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) incubated with EVs derived from the mouse 603B cell line increased mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of RAGE reduced BMDM expression of proinflammatory cytokines treated with EVs. RAGE signaling resulted in activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway, and consistently, proinflammatory cytokine expression was blunted by the IKKα/β inhibitor TPCA-1 in BMDM incubated with EVs. We also demonstrated that primary mouse cholangiocyte-derived organoids express chemokines indicating cholangiocyte activation, release EVs containing S100A11, and stimulate proinflammatory cytokine expression in BMDM by a RAGE-dependent pathway. In conclusion, these observations identify a non-cell death mechanism for cellular release of DAMPs by activated cholangiocytes, namely by releasing DAMPs as EV cargo. These data also suggest RAGE inhibitors may be salutary in macrophage-associated inflammatory diseases of the bile ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Katsumi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Maria Eugenia Guicciardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Adiba Azad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Steven F Bronk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Anuradha Krishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Michigan
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52
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Lou Y, Han M, Liu H, Niu Y, Liang Y, Guo J, Zhang W, Wang H. Essential roles of S100A10 in Toll-like receptor signaling and immunity to infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:1053-1062. [PMID: 31467414 PMCID: PMC7608084 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key pattern recognition receptors that mediate innate immune responses to infection. However, uncontrolled TLR activation can lead to severe inflammatory disorders such as septic shock. The molecular mechanisms through which TLR responses are regulated are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate an essential function of S100A10 in TLR signaling. S100A10 was constitutively expressed in macrophages, but was significantly downregulated upon TLR activation. S100A10-deficient macrophages were hyperresponsive to TLR stimulation, and S100A10-deficient mice were more sensitive to endotoxin-induced lethal shock and Escherichia coli-induced abdominal sepsis. Mechanistically, S100A10 regulated macrophage inflammatory responses by interfering with the appropriate recruitment and activation of the receptor-proximal signaling components and eventually inhibited TLR-triggered downstream signaling. These findings expand our understanding of TLR signaling and establish S100A10 as an essential negative regulator of TLR function and a potential therapeutic target for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Lou
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Han
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Huandi Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuna Niu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiqiang Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.
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53
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Pandori WJ, Lima TS, Mallya S, Kao TH, Gov L, Lodoen MB. Toxoplasma gondii activates a Syk-CARD9-NF-κB signaling axis and gasdermin D-independent release of IL-1β during infection of primary human monocytes. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007923. [PMID: 31449558 PMCID: PMC6730955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-1β is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that promotes immunity and host defense, and its dysregulation is associated with immune pathology. Toxoplasma gondii infection of myeloid cells triggers the production and release of IL-1β; however, the mechanisms regulating this pathway, particularly in human immune cells, are incompletely understood. We have identified a novel pathway of T. gondii induction of IL-1β via a Syk-CARD9-NF-κB signaling axis in primary human peripheral blood monocytes. Syk was rapidly phosphorylated during T. gondii infection of primary monocytes, and inhibiting Syk with the pharmacological inhibitors R406 or entospletinib, or genetic ablation of Syk in THP-1 cells, reduced IL-1β release. Inhibition of Syk in primary cells or deletion of Syk in THP-1 cells decreased parasite-induced IL-1β transcripts and the production of pro-IL-1β. Furthermore, inhibition of PKCδ, CARD9/MALT-1 and IKK reduced p65 phosphorylation and pro-IL-1β production in T. gondii-infected primary monocytes, and genetic knockout of PKCδ or CARD9 in THP-1 cells also reduced pro-IL-1β protein levels and IL-1β release during T. gondii infection, indicating that Syk functions upstream of this NF-κB-dependent signaling pathway for IL-1β transcriptional activation. IL-1β release from T. gondii-infected primary human monocytes required the NLRP3-caspase-1 inflammasome, but interestingly, was independent of gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage and pyroptosis. Moreover, GSDMD knockout THP-1 cells released comparable amounts of IL-1β to wild-type THP-1 cells after T. gondii infection. Taken together, our data indicate that T. gondii induces a Syk-CARD9/MALT-1-NF-κB signaling pathway and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome for the release of IL-1β in a cell death- and GSDMD-independent manner. This research expands our understanding of the molecular basis for human innate immune regulation of inflammation and host defense during parasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Pandori
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Tatiane S. Lima
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Sharmila Mallya
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Tiffany H. Kao
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Lanny Gov
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Melissa B. Lodoen
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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54
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Tu Y, Xie P, Du X, Fan L, Bao Z, Sun G, Zhao P, Chao H, Li C, Zeng A, Pan M, Ji J. S100A11 functions as novel oncogene in glioblastoma via S100A11/ANXA2/NF-κB positive feedback loop. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6907-6918. [PMID: 31430050 PMCID: PMC6787445 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most universal type of primary brain malignant tumour, and the prognosis of patients with GBM is poor. S100A11 plays an essential role in tumour. However, the role and molecular mechanism of S100A11 in GBM are not clear. Here, we found that S100A11 was up‐regulated in GBM tissues and higher S100A11 expression indicated poor prognosis of GBM patients. Overexpression of S100A11 promoted GBM cell growth, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, invasion and generation of glioma stem cells (GSCs), whereas its knockdown inhibited these activities. More importantly, S100A11 interacted with ANXA2 and regulated NF‐κB signalling pathway through decreasing ubiquitination and degradation of ANXA2. Additionally, NF‐κB regulated S100A11 at transcriptional level as a positive feedback. We also demonstrated the S100A11 on tumour growth in GBM using an orthotopic tumour xenografting. These data demonstrate that S100A11/ANXA2/NF‐κB positive feedback loop in GBM cells that promote the progression of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Xiaoliu Du
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyuan Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangchi Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengzhan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglu Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ailiang Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minhong Pan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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55
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Zhu W, Li J, Pappoe F, Shen J, Yu L. Strategies Developed by Toxoplasma gondii to Survive in the Host. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:899. [PMID: 31080445 PMCID: PMC6497798 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most successful intracellular parasites, Toxoplasma gondii has developed several strategies to avoid destruction by the host. These include approaches such as rapid and efficient cell invasion to avoid phagocytic engulfment, negative regulation of the canonical CD40-CD40L-mediated autophagy pathway, impairment of the noncanonical IFN-γ-dependent autophagy pathway, and modulation of host cell survival and death to obtain lifelong parasite survival. Different virulent strains have even evolved different ways to cope with and evade destruction by the host. This review aims to illustrate every aspect of the game between the host and Toxoplasma during the process of infection. A better understanding of all aspects of the battle between Toxoplasma and its hosts will be useful for the development of better strategies and drugs to control the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbo Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Graduate School of Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Clinical Laboratory of the Third People's Hospital of Heifei, Hefei, China
| | - Faustina Pappoe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jilong Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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56
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Schlüter D, Barragan A. Advances and Challenges in Understanding Cerebral Toxoplasmosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:242. [PMID: 30873157 PMCID: PMC6401564 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread parasitic pathogen that infects over one third of the global human population. The parasite invades and chronically persists in the central nervous system (CNS) of the infected host. Parasite spread and persistence is intimately linked to an ensuing immune response, which does not only limit parasite-induced damage but also may facilitate dissemination and induce parasite-associated immunopathology. Here, we discuss various aspects of toxoplasmosis where knowledge is scarce or controversial and, the recent advances in the understanding of the delicate interplay of T. gondii with the immune system in experimental and clinical settings. This includes mechanisms for parasite passage from the circulation into the brain parenchyma across the blood-brain barrier during primary acute infection. Later, as chronic latent infection sets in with control of the parasite in the brain parenchyma, the roles of the inflammatory response and of immune cell responses in this phase of the disease are discussed. Additionally, the function of brain resident cell populations is delineated, i.e., how neurons, astrocytes and microglia serve both as target cells for the parasite but also actively contribute to the immune response. As the infection can reactivate in the CNS of immune-compromised individuals, we bring up the immunopathogenesis of reactivated toxoplasmosis, including the special case of congenital CNS manifestations. The relevance, advantages and limitations of rodent infection models for the understanding of human cerebral toxoplasmosis are discussed. Finally, this review pinpoints questions that may represent challenges to experimental and clinical science with respect to improved diagnostics, pharmacological treatments and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schlüter
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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