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Xie X, Nóbrega R, Pšenička M. Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Fish: Characterization, Isolation, Enrichment, and Recent Advances of In Vitro Culture Systems. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E644. [PMID: 32331205 PMCID: PMC7226347 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a continuous and dynamic developmental process, in which a single diploid spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) proliferates and differentiates to form a mature spermatozoon. Herein, we summarize the accumulated knowledge of SSCs and their distribution in the testes of teleosts. We also reviewed the primary endocrine and paracrine influence on spermatogonium self-renewal vs. differentiation in fish. To provide insight into techniques and research related to SSCs, we review available protocols and advances in enriching undifferentiated spermatogonia based on their unique physiochemical and biochemical properties, such as size, density, and differential expression of specific surface markers. We summarize in vitro germ cell culture conditions developed to maintain proliferation and survival of spermatogonia in selected fish species. In traditional culture systems, sera and feeder cells were considered to be essential for SSC self-renewal, in contrast to recently developed systems with well-defined media and growth factors to induce either SSC self-renewal or differentiation in long-term cultures. The establishment of a germ cell culture contributes to efficient SSC propagation in rare, endangered, or commercially cultured fish species for use in biotechnological manipulation, such as cryopreservation and transplantation. Finally, we discuss organ culture and three-dimensional models for in vitro investigation of fish spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xie
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic;
| | - Rafael Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil;
| | - Martin Pšenička
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic;
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Ibtisham F, Honaramooz A. Spermatogonial Stem Cells for In Vitro Spermatogenesis and In Vivo Restoration of Fertility. Cells 2020; 9:E745. [PMID: 32197440 PMCID: PMC7140722 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the only adult stem cells capable of passing genes onto the next generation. SSCs also have the potential to provide important knowledge about stem cells in general and to offer critical in vitro and in vivo applications in assisted reproductive technologies. After century-long research, proof-of-principle culture systems have been introduced to support the in vitro differentiation of SSCs from rodent models into haploid male germ cells. Despite recent progress in organotypic testicular tissue culture and two-dimensional or three-dimensional cell culture systems, to achieve complete in vitro spermatogenesis (IVS) using non-rodent species remains challenging. Successful in vitro production of human haploid male germ cells will foster hopes of preserving the fertility potential of prepubertal cancer patients who frequently face infertility due to the gonadotoxic side-effects of cancer treatment. Moreover, the development of optimal systems for IVS would allow designing experiments that are otherwise difficult or impossible to be performed directly in vivo, such as genetic manipulation of germ cells or correction of genetic disorders. This review outlines the recent progress in the use of SSCs for IVS and potential in vivo applications for the restoration of fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Honaramooz
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
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Narayanamurthy V, Jeroish ZE, Bhuvaneshwari KS, Bayat P, Premkumar R, Samsuri F, Yusoff MM. Advances in passively driven microfluidics and lab-on-chip devices: a comprehensive literature review and patent analysis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11652-11680. [PMID: 35496619 PMCID: PMC9050787 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of passively driven microfluidic labs on chips has been increasing over the years. In the passive approach, the microfluids are usually driven and operated without any external actuators, fields, or power sources. Passive microfluidic techniques adopt osmosis, capillary action, surface tension, pressure, gravity-driven flow, hydrostatic flow, and vacuums to achieve fluid flow. There is a great need to explore labs on chips that are rapid, compact, portable, and easy to use. The evolution of these techniques is essential to meet current needs. Researchers have highlighted the vast potential in the field that needs to be explored to develop rapid passive labs on chips to suit market/researcher demands. A comprehensive review, along with patent analysis, is presented here, listing the latest advances in passive microfluidic techniques, along with the related mechanisms and applications. Different approaches employed in the passively driven microfluidics and LOC devices.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Technology
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology
- Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
- 76100 Durian Tunggal
- Malaysia
| | - Z. E. Jeroish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Rajalakshmi Engineering College
- Chennai 602105
- India
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
| | - K. S. Bhuvaneshwari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Rajalakshmi Engineering College
- Chennai 602105
- India
- Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering
| | - Pouriya Bayat
- Department of Bioengineering
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada H3A 0E9
| | - R. Premkumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Rajalakshmi Engineering College
- Chennai 602105
- India
| | - Fahmi Samsuri
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- University Malaysia Pahang
- Pekan 26600
- Malaysia
| | - Mashitah M. Yusoff
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
- University Malaysia Pahang
- Kuantan 26300
- Malaysia
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54
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Fertility preservation in patients undergoing gonadotoxic therapy or gonadectomy: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2019; 112:1022-1033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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55
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de Mello CPP, Rumsey J, Slaughter V, Hickman JJ. A human-on-a-chip approach to tackling rare diseases. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2139-2151. [PMID: 31412288 PMCID: PMC6856435 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug development for rare diseases, classified as diseases with a prevalence of < 200 000 patients, is limited by the high cost of research and low target population. Owing to a lack of representative disease models, research has been challenging for orphan drugs. Human-on-a-chip (HoaC) technology, which models human tissues in interconnected in vitro microfluidic devices, has the potential to lower the cost of preclinical studies and increase the rate of drug approval by introducing human phenotypic models early in the drug discovery process. Advances in HoaC technology can drive a new approach to rare disease research and orphan drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victoria Slaughter
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
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Arkoun B, Galas L, Dumont L, Rives A, Saulnier J, Delessard M, Rondanino C, Rives N. Vitamin E but Not GSH Decreases Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and Enhances Sperm Production during In Vitro Maturation of Frozen-Thawed Prepubertal Mouse Testicular Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215380. [PMID: 31671759 PMCID: PMC6861907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Freezing-thawing procedures and in vitro culture conditions are considered as a source of stress associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to a damaged cell aerobic metabolism and consequently to oxidative stress. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether vitamin E (Vit E) or reduced glutathione (GSH) enhances sperm production by decreasing ROS accumulation during in vitro maturation of prepubertal mice testes. Testes of prepubertal mice were cryopreserved using a freezing medium supplemented or not supplemented with Vit E and were cultured after thawing. In presence of Rol alone in culture medium, frozen-thawed (F-T) testicular tissues exhibited a higher ROS accumulation than fresh tissue during in vitro culture. However, Vit E supplementation in freezing, thawing, and culture media significantly decreased cytoplasmic ROS accumulation in F-T testicular tissue during in vitro maturation when compared with F-T testicular tissue cultured in the presence of Rol alone, whereas GSH supplementation in culture medium significantly increased ROS accumulation associated with cytolysis and tissue disintegration. Vit E but not GSH promoted a better in vitro sperm production and was a suitable ROS scavenger and effective molecule to improve the yield of in vitro spermatogenesis from F-T prepubertal mice testes. The prevention of oxidative stress in the cytoplasmic compartment should be regarded as a potential strategy for improving testicular tissue viability and functionality during the freeze-thaw procedure and in vitro maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Arkoun
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS laboratory, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Ludovic Galas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Ludovic Dumont
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS laboratory, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Aurélie Rives
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS laboratory, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Justine Saulnier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS laboratory, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Marion Delessard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS laboratory, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Christine Rondanino
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS laboratory, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Nathalie Rives
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS laboratory, 76000 Rouen, France.
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57
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Komeya M, Yamanaka H, Sanjo H, Yao M, Nakamura H, Kimura H, Fujii T, Sato T, Ogawa T. In vitro spermatogenesis in two-dimensionally spread mouse testis tissues. Reprod Med Biol 2019; 18:362-369. [PMID: 31607796 PMCID: PMC6780044 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mouse in vitro spermatogenesis is possible with classical organ culture methods, by placing the testis tissue at the interphase between culture medium and air. In this condition, however, a tissue piece tends to round up to be compact, whose central region suffers from shortage of nutrients and oxygen. In this study, the authors improved the culture condition by spreading each tissue thin and flat, by which they were able to get better access to the oxygen and nutrients. METHODS Immature mouse testis tissues placed on agarose gel block were forced to spread flat by covering with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ceiling chip (PC chip). They were then cultured for weeks and evaluated by the transgene expression of Acr-Gfp, which reflects the progression of spermatogenesis. RESULTS Testis tissues covered with PC chip initiated and maintained spermatogenesis in its wider region than those without PC chip covering. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the PC method yielded more numerous meiotic germ cells than those without PC. Immunohistochemical examination confirmed the authentic histological figure of spermatogenesis from spermatogonia up to round or elongating spermatids. CONCLUSIONS The PC chip method is simple and effective to improve the efficiency of in vitro spermatogenesis in the organ culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Komeya
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life ScienceYokohama City University Association of Medical ScienceYokohamaJapan
- Department of UrologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life ScienceYokohama City University Association of Medical ScienceYokohamaJapan
- Department of UrologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Sanjo
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life ScienceYokohama City University Association of Medical ScienceYokohamaJapan
- Department of UrologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of UrologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Hiroko Nakamura
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringTokai UniversityHiratsukaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringTokai UniversityHiratsukaJapan
| | - Teruo Fujii
- Institute of Industrial ScienceUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Takuya Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life ScienceYokohama City University Association of Medical ScienceYokohamaJapan
| | - Takehiko Ogawa
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life ScienceYokohama City University Association of Medical ScienceYokohamaJapan
- Department of UrologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
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58
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Vermeulen M, Giudice MG, Del Vento F, Wyns C. Role of stem cells in fertility preservation: current insights. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2019; 12:27-48. [PMID: 31496751 PMCID: PMC6689135 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s178490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While improvements made in the field of cancer therapy allow high survival rates, gonadotoxicity of chemo- and radiotherapy can lead to infertility in male and female pre- and postpubertal patients. Clinical options to preserve fertility before starting gonadotoxic therapies by cryopreserving sperm or oocytes for future use with assisted reproductive technology (ART) are now applied worldwide. Cryopreservation of pre- and postpubertal ovarian tissue containing primordial follicles, though still considered experimental, has already led to the birth of healthy babies after autotransplantation and is performed in an increasing number of centers. For prepubertal boys who do not produce gametes ready for fertilization, cryopreservation of immature testicular tissue (ITT) containing spermatogonial stem cells may be proposed as an experimental strategy with the aim of restoring fertility. Based on achievements in nonhuman primates, autotransplantation of ITT or testicular cell suspensions appears promising to restore fertility of young cancer survivors. So far, whether in two- or three-dimensional culture systems, in vitro maturation of immature male and female gonadal cells or tissue has not demonstrated a capacity to produce safe gametes for ART. Recently, primordial germ cells have been generated from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, but further investigations regarding efficiency and safety are needed. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells to improve the vascularization of gonadal tissue grafts, increase the colonization of transplanted cells, and restore the damaged somatic compartment could overcome the current limitations encountered with transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Vermeulen
- Gynecology-Andrology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Maria-Grazia Giudice
- Gynecology-Andrology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.,Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Federico Del Vento
- Gynecology-Andrology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Christine Wyns
- Gynecology-Andrology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.,Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels 1200, Belgium
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59
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Pence LM, Schmitt TC, Beger RD, Del Valle PL, Nakamura N. Testicular function in cultured postnatal mouse testis fragments is similar to that of animals during the first wave of spermatogenesis. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:270-280. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Pence
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research; Food and Drug Administration; Jefferson Arkansas
| | - Thomas C. Schmitt
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research; Food and Drug Administration; Jefferson Arkansas
| | - Richard D. Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research; Food and Drug Administration; Jefferson Arkansas
| | - Pedro L. Del Valle
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland
| | - Noriko Nakamura
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research; Food and Drug Administration; Jefferson Arkansas
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60
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Sakai K, Charlot F, Le Saux T, Bonhomme S, Nogué F, Palauqui JC, Fattaccioli J. Design of a comprehensive microfluidic and microscopic toolbox for the ultra-wide spatio-temporal study of plant protoplasts development and physiology. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:79. [PMID: 31367225 PMCID: PMC6651895 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant protoplasts are basic plant cells units in which the pecto-cellulosic cell wall has been removed, but the plasma membrane is intact. One of the main features of plant cells is their strong plasticity, and their propensity to regenerate an organism from a single cell. Methods and differentiation protocols used in plant physiology and biology usually involve macroscopic vessels and containers that make difficult, for example, to follow the fate of the same protoplast all along its full development cycle, but also to perform continuous studies of the influence of various gradients in this context. These limits have hampered the precise study of regeneration processes. RESULTS Herein, we present the design of a comprehensive, physiologically relevant, easy-to-use and low-cost microfluidic and microscopic setup for the monitoring of Physcomitrella patens (P. patens) growth and development on a long-term basis. The experimental solution we developed is made of two parts (i) a microfluidic chip composed of a single layer of about a hundred flow-through microfluidic traps for the immobilization of protoplasts, and (ii) a low-cost, light-controlled, custom-made microscope allowing the continuous recording of the moss development in physiological conditions. We validated the experimental setup with three proofs of concepts: (i) the kinetic monitoring of first division steps and cell wall regeneration, (ii) the influence of the photoperiod on growth of the protonemata, and (iii) finally the induction of leafy buds using a phytohormone, cytokinin. CONCLUSIONS We developed the design of a comprehensive, physiologically relevant, easy-to-use and low-cost experimental setup for the study of P. patens development in a microfluidic environment. This setup allows imaging of P. patens development at high resolution and over long time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sakai
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes pour la Microfluidique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Florence Charlot
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Bonhomme
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Fabien Nogué
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Palauqui
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Jacques Fattaccioli
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes pour la Microfluidique, 75005 Paris, France
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61
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Microfluidic Devices for Gamete Processing and Analysis, Fertilization and Embryo Culture and Characterization. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6229-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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62
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Dilsaver MR, Chen P, Thompson TA, Reusser T, Mukherjee RN, Oakey J, Levy DL. Emerin induces nuclear breakage in Xenopus extract and early embryos. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:3155-3167. [PMID: 30332321 PMCID: PMC6340207 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-05-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerin is an inner nuclear membrane protein often mutated in Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Because emerin has diverse roles in nuclear mechanics, cytoskeletal organization, and gene expression, it has been difficult to elucidate its contribution to nuclear structure and disease pathology. In this study, we investigated emerin’s impact on nuclei assembled in Xenopus laevis egg extract, a simplified biochemical system that lacks potentially confounding cellular factors and activities. Notably, these extracts are transcriptionally inert and lack endogenous emerin and filamentous actin. Strikingly, emerin caused rupture of egg extract nuclei, dependent on the application of shear force. In egg extract, emerin localized to nonnuclear cytoplasmic membranes, and nuclear rupture was rescued by targeting emerin to the nucleus, disrupting its membrane association, or assembling nuclei with lamin A. Furthermore, emerin induced breakage of nuclei in early-stage X. laevis embryo extracts, and embryos microinjected with emerin were inviable, with ruptured nuclei. We propose that cytoplasmic membrane localization of emerin leads to rupture of nuclei that are more sensitive to mechanical perturbation, findings that may be relevant to early development and certain laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Dilsaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Trey A Thompson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Traci Reusser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Richik N Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - John Oakey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Daniel L Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
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63
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Takashima S. Biology and manipulation technologies of male germline stem cells in mammals. Reprod Med Biol 2018; 17:398-406. [PMID: 30377393 PMCID: PMC6194257 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the origin of sperm and defined by their functions of "colonization in the testis" and "spermatogenesis". In vitro manipulation techniques of SSCs contribute to a wide variety of fields including reproductive medicine and molecular breeding. This review presents the recent progress of the biology and manipulation technologies of SSCs. METHODS Research articles regarding SSC biology and technologies were collected and summarized. MAIN FINDINGS Dr. Ralph Brinster developed the spermatogonial transplantation technique that enables SSC detection by functional markers. Using this technique, cultured SSCs, termed germline stem (GS) cells, were established from the mouse. GS cells provide the opportunity to produce genome-edited animals without using zygotes. In vitro spermatogenesis allows production of haploid germ cells from GS cells without spermatogonial transplantation. The recent advancement of pluripotent stem cell culture techniques has also achieved production of functional GS-like cells in addition to male/female germ cells. CONCLUSION Although in vitro manipulation techniques of GS cells have been developed for the mouse, it appears to be difficult to apply these techniques to other species. Understanding and control of interspecies barriers are required to extend this technology to nonrodent mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takashima
- Faculty of Textile Science and TechnologyShinshu UniversityUedaJapan
- Graduate school of Science and TechnologyShinshu UniversityUedaJapan
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64
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Komeya M, Sato T, Ogawa T. In vitro spermatogenesis: A century-long research journey, still half way around. Reprod Med Biol 2018; 17:407-420. [PMID: 30377394 PMCID: PMC6194268 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatogenesis is one of the most complicated cellular differentiation processes in a body. Researchers struggled to find and develop a micro-environmental condition that can support the process in vitro. Such endeavors can be traced back to a century ago and are yet continuing. METHODS Reports on in vitro spermatogenesis and related works were selected and classified into four categories based on the method used; organ culture, tubule culture, cell culture, and 3-dimensional cell culture methods. Each report was critically reviewed from the present point of view by authors who have been working on in vitro spermatogenesis with organ culture method over a decade. RESULTS The organ culture method has the longest history and is the most successful method, which produced fertile mouse sperm from spermatogonial stem cells. Formulation of the medium was a key factor, most importantly serum-derived substances. However, factors in the serum that induce and support spermatogenesis in the cultured tissue remain to be identified. In addition, the success of mouse spermatogenesis is yet to be applied to other animals. On looking into the history of cell culture method, it became clear that Sertoli cells as feeder cells play an important role. Even with Sertoli cells, however, spermatogenic development has been limited to small parts of spermatogenesis, a segmented period of meiotic prophase for instance. Recent developments of organoid or 3-dimensional culture techniques are promising but they still need further refinements. CONCLUSION The study of in vitro spermatogenesis progressed significantly over the last century. We need more work, however, to establish a culture system that can induce and maintain complete spermatogenesis of many if not all mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Komeya
- Department of UrologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaKanagawaJapan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative SciencesInstitute of Molecular Medicine and Life ScienceYokohama City University Association of Medical ScienceYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Takuya Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative SciencesInstitute of Molecular Medicine and Life ScienceYokohama City University Association of Medical ScienceYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Takehiko Ogawa
- Department of UrologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaKanagawaJapan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative SciencesInstitute of Molecular Medicine and Life ScienceYokohama City University Association of Medical ScienceYokohamaKanagawaJapan
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Kimura H, Nishikawa M, Yanagawa N, Nakamura H, Miyamoto S, Hamon M, Hauser P, Zhao L, Jo OD, Komeya M, Ogawa T, Yanagawa N. Effect of fluid shear stress on in vitro cultured ureteric bud cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:044107. [PMID: 30034570 PMCID: PMC6039298 DOI: 10.1063/1.5035328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Most kidney cells are continuously exposed to fluid shear stress (FSS) from either blood flow or urine flow. Recent studies suggest that changes in FSS could contribute to the function and injury of these kidney cells. However, it is unclear whether FSS influences kidney development when urinary flow starts in the embryonic kidneys. In this study, we evaluated the influence of FSS on in vitro cultured ureteric bud (UB) cells by using a pumpless microfluidic device, which offers the convenience of conducting parallel cell culture experiments while also eliminating the need for cumbersome electronic driven equipment and intricate techniques. We first validated the function of the device by both mathematical model and experimental measurements. UB cells dissected from E15.5 mouse embryonic kidneys were cultured in the pumpless microfluidic device and subjected to FSS in the range of 0.4-0.6 dyn mm-2 for 48 h (dynamic). Control UB cells were similarly cultured in the device and maintained under a no-flow condition (static). We found from our present study that the exposure to FSS for up to 48 h led to an increase in mRNA expression levels of UB tip cell marker genes (Wnt11, Ret, Etv4) with a decrease in stalk cell marker genes (Wnt7b, Tacstd2). In further support of the enrichment of UB tip cell population in response to FSS, we also found that exposure to FSS led to a remarkable reduction in the binding of lectin Dolichos Biflorus Agglutinin. In conclusion, results of our present study show that exposure to FSS led to an enrichment in UB tip cell populations, which could contribute to the development and function of the embryonic kidney when urine flow starts at around embryonic age E15.5 in mouse. Since UB tip cells are known to be the proliferative progenitor cells that contribute to the branching morphogenesis of the collecting system in the kidney, our finding could imply an important link between the FSS from the initiation of urine flow and the development and function of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiroko Nakamura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miyamoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | | | | | - Lifu Zhao
- Medical and Research Services, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System at Sepulveda, North Hills, California 91343, USA
| | - Oak D. Jo
- Medical and Research Services, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System at Sepulveda, North Hills, California 91343, USA
| | - Mitsuru Komeya
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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Tharmalingam MD, Jorgensen A, Mitchell RT. Experimental models of testicular development and function using human tissue and cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 468:95-110. [PMID: 29309804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian testis has two main roles, production of gametes for reproduction and synthesis of steroid- and peptide hormones for masculinization. These processes are tightly regulated and involve complex interactions between a number of germ and somatic cell-types that comprise a unique microenvironment known as the germ stem cell niche. In humans, failure of normal testicular development or function is associated with susceptibility to a variety of male reproductive disorders including disorders of sex development, infertility and testicular cancer. Whilst studies in rodent models have provided detailed insight into the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms that regulate the testis, there are important species differences in testicular development, function and reproductive disorders that highlight the need for suitable experimental models utilising human testicular tissues or cells. In this review, we outline experimental approaches used to sustain cells and tissue from human testis at different developmental time-points and discuss relevant end-points. These include survival, proliferation and differentiation of cell lineages within the testis as well as autocrine, paracrine and endocrine function. We also highlight the utility of these experimental approaches for modelling the effects of environmental exposures on testicular development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Tharmalingam
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Anne Jorgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Edinburgh Royal Hospital for Sick Children, 9 Sciennes Road, Edinburgh, EH9 1LF, Scotland, UK.
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Comparison of Hematopoietic and Spermatogonial Stem Cell Niches from the Regenerative Medicine Aspect. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1107:15-40. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Yamanaka H, Komeya M, Nakamura H, Sanjo H, Sato T, Yao M, Kimura H, Fujii T, Ogawa T. A monolayer microfluidic device supporting mouse spermatogenesis with improved visibility. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:885-891. [PMID: 29705697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we produced a microfluidic device (MFD) which successfully maintained spermatogenesis for over 6 months in mouse testis tissues loaded in the device. In the present study, we developed a new MFD, a monolayer device (ML-D) with a barrier structure consisting of pillars and slits, which is simpler in design and easier to make. This ML-D was also effective for inducing mouse spermatogenesis and maintained it for a longer period than the conventional culture method. In addition, we devised a way of introducing sample tissue into the device during its production, just before bonding the upper layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and bottom glass slide. The tissue can obtain nutrients horizontally from the medium running beside it and oxygen vertically from above through PDMS. In addition, the glass slide set at the bottom improved the visibility of the sample tissue with an inverted microscope. When we took photos of cultured tissue of the Acr-Gfp transgenic mouse testis in ML-D sequentially every day, morphological changes of the acrosome during spermiogenesis were successfully recorded. The ML-D is simple in design and useful for culturing testis tissue for inducing and maintaining spermatogenesis with clearer visibility. Due to the new method of sample loading, tissues other than testis should also be applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Komeya
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakamura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sanjo
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takuya Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
| | - Teruo Fujii
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Ogawa
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
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