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Peruzzi D, Dharmapuri S, Cirillo A, Bruni BE, Nicosia A, Cortese R, Colloca S, Ciliberto G, La Monica N, Aurisicchio L. A novel chimpanzee serotype-based adenoviral vector as delivery tool for cancer vaccines. Vaccine 2009; 27:1293-300. [PMID: 19162112 PMCID: PMC7115565 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of adenovirus (Ad) as vaccine vectors is hindered by pre-existing immunity to human Ads in most of the human population. In order to overcome this limitation, uncommon alternative Ad serotypes need to be utilized. In this study, an E1-E3 deleted recombinant Ad based on the chimpanzee serotype 3 (ChAd3) was engineered to express human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) protein or rat neu extracellular/transmembrane domains (ECD.TM). ChAd3 vectors were tested in CEA transgenic (CEA.Tg) and BALB/NeuT mice, which show immunologic tolerance to these antigens. ChAd3 is capable of inducing an immune response comparable to that of hAd5 serotype-based vectors, thus breaking tolerance to tumor associated antigens (TAAs) and achieving anti-tumor effects. Of importance is that ChAd3 can overcome hAd5 pre-existing immunity and work in conjunction with DNA electroporation (DNA-EP) and other Ad vaccines based on common human serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Peruzzi
- Oncology/Functional Department, IRBM-Merck Research Labs-via Pontina Km30.6, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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Croyle MA, Patel A, Tran KN, Gray M, Zhang Y, Strong JE, Feldmann H, Kobinger GP. Nasal delivery of an adenovirus-based vaccine bypasses pre-existing immunity to the vaccine carrier and improves the immune response in mice. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3548. [PMID: 18958172 PMCID: PMC2569416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-existing immunity to human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is common in the general population. Bypassing pre-existing immunity could maximize Ad5 vaccine efficacy. Vaccination by the intramuscular (I.M.), nasal (I.N.) or oral (P.O.) route with Ad5 expressing Ebola Zaire glycoprotein (Ad5-ZGP) fully protected naïve mice against lethal challenge with Ebola. In the presence of pre-existing immunity, only mice vaccinated I.N. survived. The frequency of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells was reduced by 80% and by 15% in animals vaccinated by the I.M. and P.O. routes respectively. Neutralizing antibodies could not be detected in serum from either treatment group. Pre-existing immunity did not compromise the frequency of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells (3.9±1% naïve vs. 3.6±1% pre-existing immunity, PEI) nor anti-Ebola neutralizing antibody (NAB, 40±10 reciprocal dilution, both groups). The number of INF-γ+ CD8+ cells detected in bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) after I.N. immunization was not compromised by pre-existing immunity to Ad5 (146±14, naïve vs. 120±16 SFC/million MNCs, PEI). However, pre-existing immunity reduced NAB levels in BAL by ∼25% in this group. To improve the immune response after oral vaccination, the Ad5-based vaccine was PEGylated. Mice given the modified vaccine did not survive challenge and had reduced levels of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells 10 days after administration (0.3±0.3% PEG vs. 1.7±0.5% unmodified). PEGylation did increase NAB levels 2-fold. These results provide some insight about the degree of T and B cell mediated immunity necessary for protection against Ebola virus and suggest that modification of the virus capsid can influence the type of immune response elicited by an Ad5-based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Croyle
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ami Patel
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kaylie N. Tran
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michael Gray
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James E. Strong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gary P. Kobinger
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Schoenly KA, Weiner DB. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine development: recent advances in the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte platform "spotty business". J Virol 2008; 82:3166-80. [PMID: 17989174 PMCID: PMC2268479 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01634-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Schoenly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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55
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Armelini MG, Lima-Bessa KM, Marchetto MCN, Muotri AR, Chiganças V, Leite RA, Carvalho H, Menck CFM. Exploring DNA damage responses in human cells with recombinant adenoviral vectors. Hum Exp Toxicol 2007; 26:899-906. [PMID: 18042584 DOI: 10.1177/0960327107083556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adenoviral vectors provide efficient means for gene transduction in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. We are currently using these vectors to transduce DNA repair genes into repair deficient cells, derived from xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients. XP is an autosomal syndrome characterized by a high frequency of skin tumors, especially in areas exposed to sunlight, and, occasionally, developmental and neurological abnormalities. XP cells are deficient in nucleotide excision repair (affecting one of the seven known XP genes, xpa to xpg) or in DNA replication of DNA lesions (affecting DNA polymerase eta, xpv). The adenovirus approach allows the investigation of different consequences of DNA lesions in cell genomes. Adenoviral vectors carrying several xp and photolyases genes have been constructed and successfully tested in cell culture systems and in vivo directly in the skin of knockout model mice. This review summarizes these recent data and proposes the use of recombinant adenoviruses as tools to investigate the mechanisms that provide protection against DNA damage in human cells, as well as to better understand the higher predisposition of XP patients to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G Armelini
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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56
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de Mare A, Lambeck AJA, Regts J, van Dam GM, Nijman HW, Snippe H, Wilschut J, Daemen T. Viral vector-based prime-boost immunization regimens: a possible involvement of T-cell competition. Gene Ther 2007; 15:393-403. [PMID: 18004406 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3303060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination with recombinant viral vectors may be impeded by preexisting vector-specific immunity or by vector-specific immunity induced during the priming immunization. It is assumed that virus-neutralizing antibodies represent the principal effector mechanism of vector-specific immunity, while killing of infected cells by vector-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) has also been suggested. Using recombinant Semliki Forest virus (rSFV) expressing E6E7 antigen from human papillomavirus, we demonstrate that secondary immune responses against E6E7 are neither affected by vector-specific antibodies nor by CTL-mediated killing of infected cells. Instead, the presence of the antigen during the prime immunization appeared to be the main determinant for the boosting efficacy. After priming with rSFVeE6,7, a homologous booster stimulated the primed E6E7-specific CTL response and induced long-lasting memory. Passively transferred SFV-neutralizing antibodies did not inhibit E6E7-specific CTL responses, although transgene expression was strongly reduced under these conditions. Conversely, in mice primed with irrelevant rSFV, induction of E6E7-specific CTLs was inhibited presumably due to vector-specific responses induced by the priming immunization. When during the priming with irrelevant rSFV, E7-protein was co-administered, the inhibitory effect of vector-specific immunity was abolished. These results suggest that, apart from vector-specific antibodies or killing of infected cells, T-cell competition may be involved in determining the efficacy of viral vector-based prime-boost immunization regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Mare
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Gersbach CA, Coyer SR, Le Doux JM, García AJ. Biomaterial-mediated retroviral gene transfer using self-assembled monolayers. Biomaterials 2007; 28:5121-7. [PMID: 17698189 PMCID: PMC2078532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial-mediated gene delivery has recently emerged as a promising alternative to conventional gene transfer technologies that focus on direct delivery of viral vectors or DNA-polymer/matrix complexes. However, biomaterial-based strategies have primarily targeted transient gene expression vehicles, including plasmid DNA and adenovirus particles. This study expands on this work by characterizing biomaterial properties conducive to the surface immobilization of retroviral particles and subsequent transduction of mammalian cells at the cell-material interface. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of functionally-terminated alkanethiols on gold were used to establish biomaterial surfaces of defined chemical composition. Gene transfer was observed to be greater than 90% on NH(2)-terminated surfaces, approximately 50% on COOH-functionalized surfaces, and undetectable on CH(3)-terminated SAMs, similar to controls of tissue culture-treated polystyrene. Gene delivery via the NH(2)-SAM was further characterized as a function of retrovirus coating time, virus concentration, and cell seeding density. Finally, SAM-mediated gene delivery was comparable to fibronectin- and poly-l-lysine-based methods for gene transfer. This work is significant to establishing safe and effective gene therapy strategies, developing efficient methods for gene delivery, and supporting recent progress in the field of biomaterial-mediated gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Gersbach
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Georgia Tech/Emory Center for the Engineering of Living Tissues, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Sean R. Coyer
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Georgia Tech/Emory Center for the Engineering of Living Tissues, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Joseph M. Le Doux
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Georgia Tech/Emory Center for the Engineering of Living Tissues, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Andrés J. García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Georgia Tech/Emory Center for the Engineering of Living Tissues, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Corresponding author: Andrés J. García, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, 315 Ferst Drive, Room 2314, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, Telephone: (404) 894-9384; Fax: (404) 385-1397,
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Tilakaratne HK, Yang B, Hunter SK, Andracki ME, Rodgers VGJ. Can Myoglobin Expression in Pancreatic Beta Cells Improve Insulin Secretion Under Hypoxia? An Exploratory Study With Transgenic Porcine Islets. Artif Organs 2007; 31:521-31. [PMID: 17584476 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of myoglobin (Mb)-facilitated oxygen transport in improving porcine islet survival under hypoxia was investigated. Discrete groups of islets were transfected with replication-defective adenoviral vector Ad5 respiratory syncitial virus (RSV) to induce expression of Mb or green fluorescent protein (GFP). Native islets served as the controls. In vitro studies at 37 degrees C assessed islet insulin secretion efficacy: (i) to a glucose challenge from 30 to 300 mg/dL at fixed pO2; and (ii) at variable oxygen tensions ranging from 5 to 40 mm Hg over 12 h. The transfection was effective in initiating islet expression of Mb or GFP. Low Mb-expression levels equivalent to 2% the Mb concentration in a muscle cell (0.25 ng of Mb per islet) were documented, with no statistical improvement in insulin secretion. A surprising side note is that insulin secretion was impaired in islets expressing GFP. Improved Mb expression is essential to determine the feasibility of enhancing islet survival under hypoxia.
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59
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Patnaik S, Aggarwal A, Nimesh S, Goel A, Ganguli M, Saini N, Singh Y, Gupta KC. PEI-alginate nanocomposites as efficient in vitro gene transfection agents. J Control Release 2006; 114:398-409. [PMID: 16891026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The positive charge on PEI was partially shielded by forming ionic nanocomposites with a polysaccharide, alginic acid, in aqueous solution, bypassing tedious chemical synthesis. The content of alginic acid was varied systematically to obtain a series of nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were first characterized by assessing the surface charge (zeta potential), size (DLS) and morphology (AFM) followed by evaluation for their DNA interaction ability, cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency on various cell lines. The transfection efficiency of PEI-alginate (6.26%) nanocomposites improved dramatically (2-16-fold over native PEI) in all the cell lines studied. However, a decrease in transfection efficiency was observed on deviating from this optimal concentration of alginic acid in nanocomposites. Cytotoxicity of PEI-alginate/DNA complexes was nearly abolished on increasing the concentration of alginic acid in nanocomposites. PEI-alginate (6.26%) nanocomposites also delivered SiRNAs efficiently into mammalian cells, resulting in 80% suppression of GFP expression. The cellular uptake and endosomal escape of PEI-alginate nanocomposites and PEI were found to follow a similar route when transfection was carried out in presence of chloroquine, bafilomycin A1, cytochalasin B and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. The results demonstrate a versatile vector that can be used for efficient cytoplasmic delivery of a broad range of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Patnaik
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi-110 007, India
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60
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Hoelscher MA, Garg S, Bangari DS, Belser JA, Lu X, Stephenson I, Bright RA, Katz JM, Mittal SK, Sambhara S. Development of adenoviral-vector-based pandemic influenza vaccine against antigenically distinct human H5N1 strains in mice. Lancet 2006; 367:475-81. [PMID: 16473124 PMCID: PMC2762105 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Avian H5N1 influenza viruses currently circulating in southeast Asia could potentially cause the next pandemic. However, currently licensed human vaccines are subtype-specific and do not protect against these H5N1 viruses. We aimed to develop an influenza vaccine and assessed its immunogenicity and efficacy to confer protection in BALB/c mice. METHODS We developed an egg-independent strategy to combat the avian influenza virus, because the virus is highly lethal to chickens and the maintenance of a constant supply of embryonated eggs would be difficult in a pandemic. We used a replication-incompetent, human adenoviral-vector-based, haemagglutinin subtype 5 influenza vaccine (HAd-H5HA), which induces both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against avian H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from people. FINDINGS Immunisation of mice with HAd-H5HA provided effective protection from H5N1 disease, death, and primary viral replication (p<0.0001) against antigenically distinct strains of H5N1 influenza viruses. Unlike the recombinant H5HA vaccine, which is based on a traditional subunit vaccine approach, HAd-H5HA vaccine induced a three-fold to eight-fold increase in HA-518-epitope-specific interferon-gamma-secreting CD8 T cells (p=0.01). INTERPRETATION Our findings highlight the potential of an Ad-vector-based delivery system, which is both egg-independent and adjuvant-independent and offers stockpiling options for the development of a pandemic influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Hoelscher
- Influenza Branch, Division of Rickettsial and Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Influenza Branch, Division of Rickettsial and Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Dinesh S Bangari
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA (D S Bangari PhD, Prof S K Mittal PhD)
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Influenza Branch, Division of Rickettsial and Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Xiuhua Lu
- Influenza Branch, Division of Rickettsial and Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Iain Stephenson
- Influenza Branch, Division of Rickettsial and Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Rick A Bright
- Influenza Branch, Division of Rickettsial and Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Influenza Branch, Division of Rickettsial and Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Suresh K Mittal
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA (D S Bangari PhD, Prof S K Mittal PhD)
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Branch, Division of Rickettsial and Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Appaiahgari MB, Saini M, Rauthan M, Vrati S. Immunization with recombinant adenovirus synthesizing the secretory form of Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein protects adenovirus-exposed mice against lethal encephalitis. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:92-104. [PMID: 16126425 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Replication-defective recombinant adenoviruses (RAds) were constructed that synthesized the pre-membrane and envelope (E) proteins of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Recombinant virus RAdEa synthesized Ea, the membrane-anchored E protein, and RAdEs synthesized Es, the secretory E protein. Compared with RAdEs, RAdEa replicated poorly in HEK 293A cells and synthesized lower amounts of E protein. Oral immunization of mice with RAds generated low titers of anti-JEV antibodies that had little JEV neutralizing activity. Intra-muscular (IM) immunization of mice with either RAd generated high titers of anti-JEV antibodies. Interestingly, RAdEa induced only low titers of JEV neutralizing antibodies. Titers were significantly higher in case of RAdEs immunization. Splenocytes from mice immunized IM with RAds secreted large amounts of interferon-gamma and moderate amounts of interleukin-5 in the presence of JEV and showed cytotoxic activity against JEV-infected cells. Naïve mice immunized IM with RAdEs showed complete protection against a lethal dose of JEV given intra-cerebrally. In order to study the effect of the pre-existing adenovirus 5 (Ad5) immunity on the outcome of the RAdEs immunization, mice were exposed to Ad5 through IM or intra-nasal (IN) routes before immunization with RAdEs. Mice exposed to Ad5 through the IN route, when immunized with RAdEs given IM, or those exposed to Ad5 through the IM route, when immunized with RAdEs given IN, were completely protected against lethal JEV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Babu Appaiahgari
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU Complex, New Delhi 110 067, India
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Parato KA, Senger D, Forsyth PAJ, Bell JC. Recent progress in the battle between oncolytic viruses and tumours. Nat Rev Cancer 2005; 5:965-76. [PMID: 16294217 DOI: 10.1038/nrc1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the past 5 years, the field of oncolytic virus research has matured significantly and is moving past the stage of being a laboratory novelty into a new era of preclinical and clinical trials. What have recent anticancer trials of oncolytic viruses taught us about this exciting new line of therapeutics?
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley A Parato
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 503 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6
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Hodges BL, Taylor KM, Chu Q, Scull SE, Serriello RG, Anderson SC, Wang F, Scheule RK. Local Delivery of a Viral Vector Mitigates Neutralization by Antiviral Antibodies and Results in Efficient Transduction of Rabbit Liver. Mol Ther 2005; 12:1043-51. [PMID: 16139571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.06.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Revised: 06/04/2005] [Accepted: 06/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral antibodies within the human population remain a barrier to the effective clinical use of viral gene transfer vectors. We have asked whether local, balloon catheter-mediated delivery of a viral vector to the rabbit liver using a hepatic vein might mitigate the neutralizing effects of antiviral antibodies. We have compared directly the ability of adenovirus (Ad2) encoding nuclear-localized beta-galactosidase to infect the rabbit liver after local and systemic delivery in both the presence and the absence of defined anti-Ad2 antibody titers. In naive rabbits, local delivery resulted in higher beta-galactosidase expression compared to systemic delivery. In the presence of passively administered anti-Ad2 antibodies, local delivery resulted in expression levels that were comparable to those obtained in naive rabbits by systemic delivery. Local delivery also resulted in the majority of expression originating from hepatocytes, even in passively immunized animals, a result that could not be duplicated using the systemic approach. Since systemic delivery of adenovirus in naive animal models results in transgene expression levels often regarded as therapeutic, these results predict that local hepatic vein delivery of a viral vector is a clinically practical approach to mitigate neutralizing antiviral antibodies and generate therapeutic levels of transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley L Hodges
- Genzyme Corporation, 31 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
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Bangari DS, Mittal SK. Development of nonhuman adenoviruses as vaccine vectors. Vaccine 2005; 24:849-62. [PMID: 16297508 PMCID: PMC1462960 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 07/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviral (HAd) vectors have demonstrated great potential as vaccine vectors. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the feasibility of vector design, robust antigen expression and protective immunity using this system. However, clinical use of adenoviral vectors for vaccine purposes is anticipated to be limited by vector immunity that is either preexisting or develops rapidly following the first inoculation with adenoviral vectors. Vector immunity inactivates the vector particles and rapidly removes the transduced cells, thereby limiting the duration of transgene expression. Due to strong vector immunity, subsequent use of the same vector is usually less efficient. In order to circumvent this limitation, nonhuman adenoviral vectors have been proposed as alternative vectors. In addition to eluding HAd immunity, these vectors possess most of the attractive features of HAd vectors. Several replication-competent or replication-defective nonhuman adenoviral vectors have been developed and investigated for their potential as vaccine-delivery vectors. Here, we review recent advances in the design and characterization of various nonhuman adenoviral vectors, and discuss their potential applications for human and animal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh K. Mittal
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 765 496 2894; fax: +1 765 494 9830.
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65
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Bangari DS, Mittal SK. Porcine adenovirus serotype 3 internalization is independent of CAR and alphavbeta3 or alphavbeta5 integrin. Virology 2005; 332:157-66. [PMID: 15661148 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2004] [Revised: 10/22/2004] [Accepted: 11/10/2004] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonhuman adenoviruses including porcine adenovirus serotype 3 (PAd3) are emerging vectors for gene delivery. PAd3 efficiently transduces human and murine cells in culture, and circumvents preexisting humoral immunity in humans. The coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) serves as a primary receptor and alphavbeta3 or alphavbeta5 integrin as a secondary receptor for several human adenovirus (HAd) subtypes including HAd5. In this study, we deduced the role of CAR, alphavbeta3 or alphavbeta5 integrin in PAd3 internalization. Transduction experiments were conducted in human mammary epithelial (MCF-10A) cells using replication-defective PAd-GFP (PAd3 vector expressing green fluorescent protein [GFP]) and HAd-GFP (HAd5 vector expressing GFP). MCF-10A cells were treated with or without anti-human CAR, or anti-alphavbeta3 or anti-alphavbeta5 integrin antibodies prior to infection with HAd-GFP or PAd-GFP. Significant (P <0.05) inhibition in transduction by HAd-GFP was observed in antibody-treated cells as compared to untreated cells, whereas transduction by PAd-GFP remained to similar levels irrespective of the treatment. To study the adenoviral fiber knob-mediated virus interference, MCF-10A cells were treated with or without the recombinant HAd5 or PAd3 knob followed by infection with HAd-GFP or PAd-GFP. Significant (P <0.05) inhibition was observed only in transduction of the homologous vector. These results suggested that PAd3 internalization was CAR- as well as alphavbeta3 or alphavbeta5 integrin-independent and the primary receptor for HAd5 and PAd3 were distinct. CAR- and alphavbeta3 or alphavbeta5 integrin-independent entry of PAd3 vectors may have implications in targeting cell types that are not efficiently transduced by other adenoviral vectors.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/immunology
- Adenoviruses, Human/physiology
- Adenoviruses, Porcine/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Porcine/immunology
- Adenoviruses, Porcine/physiology
- Animals
- Endocytosis/physiology
- Genetic Vectors/physiology
- Humans
- Integrin alphaVbeta3/physiology
- Integrins/physiology
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Receptors, Vitronectin/physiology
- Transduction, Genetic/methods
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh S Bangari
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, and the Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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66
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Abstract
Adenoviruses have transitioned from tools for gene replacement therapy to bona fide vaccine delivery vehicles. They are attractive vaccine vectors as they induce both innate and adaptive immune responses in mammalian hosts. Currently, adenovirus vectors are being tested as subunit vaccine systems for numerous infectious agents ranging from malaria to HIV-1. Additionally, they are being explored as vaccines against a multitude of tumor-associated antigens. In this review we describe the molecular biology of adenoviruses as well as ways the adenovirus vectors can be manipulated to enhance their efficacy as vaccine carriers. We describe methods of evaluating immune responses to transgene products expressed by adenoviral vectors and discuss data on adenoviral vaccines to a selected number of pathogens. Last, we comment on the limitations of using human adenoviral vectors and provide alternatives to circumvent these problems. This field is growing at an exciting and rapid pace, thus we have limited our scope to the use of adenoviral vectors as vaccines against viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hildegund C.J. Ertl
- To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Fax: +1 (215) 898 3953
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67
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Carlesso G, Kozlov E, Prokop A, Unutmaz D, Davidson JM. Nanoparticulate System for Efficient Gene Transfer into Refractory Cell Targets. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:1185-92. [PMID: 15877332 DOI: 10.1021/bm0492531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A biocompatible, nanoparticulate formulation has been designed to retain, protect, and deliver adenoviral gene constructs over an extended time course. Such devices can be administered locally or systemically with low toxicity. A multipolymeric nanoparticulate system, featuring very high stability in physiologic media, was designed to allow efficient in vitro gene transfer. The efficacy of nanoparticulate delivery is effective in cell systems that are normally refractory to gene transfer, such as pancreatic islets and antigen-presenting cells. The findings suggest a nonspecific uptake system that permits adenoviral particle release within the transfected cells. A comparison with literature data revealed that our system is efficient at much lower levels (at least three orders of magnitude) of infectious viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Carlesso
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2562, USA
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68
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Whittlesey KJ, Shea LD. Delivery systems for small molecule drugs, proteins, and DNA: the neuroscience/biomaterial interface. Exp Neurol 2005; 190:1-16. [PMID: 15473976 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2004] [Revised: 04/30/2004] [Accepted: 06/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of cellular processes in vivo by the delivery of drugs, proteins or DNA is of paramount importance to neuroscience research. Methods for the presentation of these molecules vary widely, including direct injection (either systemic or stereotactic), osmotic pump-mediated chronic delivery, or even implantation of cells engineered to indefinitely secrete a factor of interest. Biomaterial-based delivery systems represent an alternative to more traditional approaches, with the possibility of increased efficacy. Drug-releasing biomaterials, either as injectable microspheres or as three-dimensional implants, can deliver a molecule of interest (including small molecule drugs, biologically active proteins, or DNA) over a more prolonged period of time than by standard bolus injection, avoiding the need for repeated administration. Furthermore, sustained-release systems can maintain therapeutic concentrations at a target site, thus reducing the chance for toxicity. This review summarizes applications of polymer-based delivery of small molecule drugs, proteins, and DNA specifically relevant to neuroscience research. We detail the fabrication procedures for the polymeric systems and their utility in various experimental models. The biomaterial field offers unique experimental tools with downstream clinical application for the study and treatment of neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Whittlesey
- Interdepartmental Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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69
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You JO, Peng CA. Phagocytosis-mediated retroviral transduction: co-internalization of deactivated retrovirus and calcium-alginate microspheres by macrophages. J Gene Med 2005; 7:398-406. [PMID: 15619287 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficiency of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer has been hampered by short retroviral half-life due to shedding of retroviral envelope proteins which is of utmost importance to the interaction between retrovirus and cell. METHODS Calcium-alginate microspheres with average size of 780 nm were prepared by reverse emulsification and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and microelectrophoresis. To obtain deactivated retroviruses produced from 293 packaging cells, retrovirus-containing media were pre-incubated at 37 degrees C for 6, 12, 18, and 24 h, respectively. Murine J774A.1 macrophages were co-treated with Ca-alginate microspheres and deactivated retroviruses encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene. Through phagocytosis, deactivated retroviruses and Ca-alginate microspheres were co-internalized into macrophages. After retroviral transduction for 24 and 48 h, the percentages of macrophages with eGFP expression were determined by bright-field and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS After 48-h incubation with Ca-alginate microspheres and deactivated retroviruses, phagosomes turned into large vacuoles occupied almost half of the cytoplasmic space. This was probably attributed to the erosion of Ca-alginate microspheres by destructive agents within vacuolar compartments and concomitant osmotic swelling. It was reasoned that deactivated retroviruses escaped such enlarged vesicles easily and underwent reverse transcription in the cytosol. The expression of eGFP in macrophages infected by retroviruses pre-incubated for 24 h in the presence of Ca-alginate microspheres was thereby augmented up to tenfold in comparison with the cells treated with 24-h deactivated retroviruses only. CONCLUSIONS Ca-alginate microspheres performed as auxiliary agents for the enhancement of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer efficiency even though retroviruses had been deactivated due to the loss of envelope proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Oh You
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1211, USA
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70
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Bangari DS, Mittal SK. Porcine adenoviral vectors evade preexisting humoral immunity to adenoviruses and efficiently infect both human and murine cells in culture. Virus Res 2004; 105:127-36. [PMID: 15351486 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2004] [Revised: 05/14/2004] [Accepted: 05/14/2004] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preexisting immunity against human adenoviruses (HAd) limits the efficiency of transduction of HAd vectors in humans. In addition, development of a vector-specific immune response after the first inoculation with a HAd vector further lowers vector uptake following readministration. We investigated the usefulness of porcine adenovirus serotype 3 (PAd3)-based vectors as a supplement to HAd vectors. Here we demonstrate that preexisting HAd-specific neutralizing antibodies in humans do not cross-neutralize PAd3. In order to generate E1A-deleted PAd3 vectors, an E1-complementing cell line of porcine origin was produced. E1A-deleted PAd3 vector expressing green fluorescent protein; GFP (PAd-GFP) and E1-deleted HAd5 vector expressing GFP (HAd-GFP) transduced human cell lines with comparable efficiencies. Both of these vectors efficiently transduced murine MT1A2 breast cancer cell line, while PAd-GFP transduced murine NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell line significantly better (P < 0.05) than HAd-GFP. These results suggest that PAd3 vectors would be promising supplement to HAd vectors as a delivery vehicle for recombinant vaccines and gene therapy applications.
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MESH Headings
- Adenovirus E1A Proteins/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/immunology
- Adenoviruses, Human/physiology
- Adenoviruses, Porcine/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Porcine/immunology
- Adenoviruses, Porcine/physiology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein
- Cross Reactions
- Gene Deletion
- Genetic Vectors
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Mice
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Neutralization Tests
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh S Bangari
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Purdue University Cancer Center, 1290 Lynn Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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71
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Abstract
Adenovirus-based vectors are promising vehicles for gene replacement therapy due to their ability to efficiently transduce a wide variety of proliferating and non-proliferating cells. Over the past decade, different versions of adenoviral vectors (Ads) have been developed. These vectors can be classified into two major categories, based on whether the viral coding sequences are partially (first or second-generation Ads) or completely deleted (helper-dependent or gutted Ads). Both types of Ads have been tested in a variety of gene delivery studies, and major obstacles to their clinical application have been identified. Currently, innate and adaptive host immune responses to Ads remain major challenges, limiting both the initial viral dose and the effectiveness of subsequent administrations. Recent developments in vector design and delivery methods have improved the potential of Ads for successful gene therapy application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibi Cao
- Programme in Lung Biology Research and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Group in Lung Development, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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72
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Pannier AK, Shea LD. Controlled release systems for DNA delivery. Mol Ther 2004; 10:19-26. [PMID: 15233938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Adapting controlled release technologies to the delivery of DNA has the potential to overcome extracellular barriers that limit gene therapy. Controlled release systems can enhance gene delivery and increase the extent and duration of transgene expression relative to more traditional delivery methods (e.g., injection). These systems typically deliver vectors locally, which can avoid distribution to distant tissues, decrease toxicity to nontarget cells, and reduce the immune response to the vector. Delivery vehicles for controlled release are fabricated from natural and synthetic polymers, which function either by releasing the vector into the local tissue environment or by maintaining the vector at the polymer surface. Vector release or binding is regulated by the effective affinity of the vector for the polymer, which depends upon the strength of molecular interactions. These interactions occur through nonspecific binding based on vector and polymer composition or through the incorporation of complementary binding sites (e.g., biotin-avidin). This review examines the delivery of nonviral and viral vectors from natural and synthetic polymers and presents opportunities for continuing developments to increase their applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Pannier
- Department of Interdepartmental Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, E156, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
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73
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Basak SK, Kiertscher SM, Harui A, Roth MD. Modifying Adenoviral Vectors for Use as Gene-Based Cancer Vaccines. Viral Immunol 2004; 17:182-96. [PMID: 15279698 DOI: 10.1089/0882824041310603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade has produced significant advances in our understanding of antigen-presenting cells, tumor antigens, and other components of the immune response to cancer. Gene-based vaccination is emerging as one of the more promising approaches for loading dendritic cells (DC) with tumor-associated antigens. In this respect, it is proposed that adenoviral (AdV) vectors can deliver high antigen concentrations, promote effective processing and MHC expression, and stimulate potent cell-mediated immunity. While AdV vectors have performed well in pre-clinical vaccine models, their application to patient care has limitations. The in vivo administration of AdV vectors is associated with both innate and adaptive host responses that result in tissue inflammation and injury, viral neutralization, and premature clearance of AdV-transduced cells. A variety of strategies have been developed to address these limitations. The ideal vaccine would avoid vector-related immune responses, have relative specificity for transducing DC, and induce high levels of transgene expression. This review describes the range of host responses to AdV vaccines, identifies strategies to reduce viral recognition and enhance transgene antigen expression, and suggests future approaches to vector development and administration. There is every reason to believe that safer and more effective forms of AdV-based vaccines can be developed and applied to patient therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K Basak
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1690, USA
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74
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Jenkins DD, Yang GP, Lorenz HP, Longaker MT, Sylvester KG. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Clin Plast Surg 2003; 30:581-8. [PMID: 14621306 DOI: 10.1016/s0094-1298(03)00076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is evolving toward a powerful new paradigm of functional restoration. With the ethical use of gene therapy or through the manipulation of autologous tissues, improved tissue replacements may soon be available. The promise of engineered whole organs, although fraught with technical hurdles, remains on the horizon. As these advances occur, physicians and surgeons of the twenty-first century will possess ever more powerful tools to restore form and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Denison Jenkins
- The Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
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75
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Guo R, Zou P, Fan HH, Gao F, Shang QX, Cao YL, Lu HZ. Repression of allo-cell transplant rejection through CIITA ribonuclease P + hepatocyte. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1077-81. [PMID: 12717860 PMCID: PMC4611376 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i5.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Allo-cell transplant rejection and autoimmune responses were associated with the presence of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) molecules on cells. This paper studied the effect of Ribonuclease P (RNase P) against CIITA, which was a major regulator of MHCII molecules, on repressing the expression of MHCII molecules on hepatocyte.
METHODS: M1-RNA is the catalytic RNA subunit of RNase P from Escherichia coli. It were constructed that M1-RNA with guide sequences (GS) recognizing the 452, 3408 site of CIITA by PCR from pTK117 plasmid, then were cloned into the EcoR I/Bgl II or EcoR I/Sal I site of vector psNAV (psNAV-M1-452-GS, psNAV-M1-3408-GS) respectively. The target mould plate (3176-3560) of CIITA was obtained from Raji cell by RT-PCR, and then inserted into the Xho I/EcoR I of pGEM-7zf(+) plasmid (pGEM-3176). These recombinant plasmids were screened out by sequence analysis. psNAV-M1-452-GS, psNAV-M1-3408-GS and its target RNA pGEM-3176 were transcribed and then mixed up and incubated in vitro. It showed that M1-3408-GS could exclusively cleave target RNA that formed a base pair with the GS. Stable transfectants of hepatocyte cell line with psNAV-M1-3408-GS were tested for expression of class II MHC through FCM, for mRNA abundance of MHCII, Ii and CIITA by RT-PCR, for the level of IL-2 mRNA on T cell by mixed lymphocyte reaction.
RESULTS: When induced with recombinant human interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), the expression of HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ on psNAV-M1-3408-GS+ hepatocyte was reduced 83.27%, 88.93%, 58.82% respectively, the mRNA contents of CIITA, HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ and Ii decreased significantly. While T cell expressed less IL-2 mRNA in the case of psNAV-M1-3408-GS+ hepatocyte.
CONCLUSION: The Ribonuclease P against CIITA-M1-3408-GS could effectively induce antigen-specific tolerance through cleaving CIITA. These results provided insight into the future application of M1-3408-GS as a new nucleic acid drug against allo-transplantation rejection and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Institute of Hematology, the Union Hospital, Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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