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Kumar P, Ban HS, Kim SS, Wu H, Pearson T, Greiner DL, Laouar A, Yao J, Haridas V, Habiro K, Yang YG, Jeong JH, Lee KY, Kim YH, Kim SW, Peipp M, Fey GH, Manjunath N, Shultz LD, Lee SK, Shankar P. T cell-specific siRNA delivery suppresses HIV-1 infection in humanized mice. Cell 2008; 134:577-86. [PMID: 18691745 PMCID: PMC2943428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of RNAi for HIV infection has been hampered by the challenges of siRNA delivery and lack of suitable animal models. Using a delivery method for T cells, we show that siRNA treatment can dramatically suppress HIV infection. A CD7-specific single-chain antibody was conjugated to oligo-9-arginine peptide (scFvCD7-9R) for T cell-specific siRNA delivery in NOD/SCIDIL2rgamma-/- mice reconstituted with human lymphocytes (Hu-PBL) or CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (Hu-HSC). In HIV-infected Hu-PBL mice, treatment with anti-CCR5 (viral coreceptor) and antiviral siRNAs complexed to scFvCD7-9R controlled viral replication and prevented the disease-associated CD4 T cell loss. This treatment also suppressed endogenous virus and restored CD4 T cell counts in mice reconstituted with HIV+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, scFvCD7-9R could deliver antiviral siRNAs to naive T cells in Hu-HSC mice and effectively suppress viremia in infected mice. Thus, siRNA therapy for HIV infection appears to be feasible in a preclinical animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Kumar
- Immune Disease Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hong-Seok Ban
- Department of Bioengineering and Hanyang Fusion Materials Program,, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kim
- Immune Disease Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Haoquan Wu
- Immune Disease Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Todd Pearson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01605, MA, USA
| | - Dale. L. Greiner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01605, MA, USA
| | - Amale Laouar
- Immune Disease Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jiahong Yao
- Immune Disease Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Viraga Haridas
- Immune Disease Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katsuyoshi Habiro
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Ji-Hoon Jeong
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kuen-Yong Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Hanyang Fusion Materials Program,, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Hanyang Fusion Materials Program,, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Georg H. Fey
- University of Erlangen, D 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Manjunath
- Immune Disease Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Sang-Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Hanyang Fusion Materials Program,, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
| | - Premlata Shankar
- Immune Disease Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Abstract
The concept of introducing genes into human cells for therapeutic purposes developed nearly 50 years ago as diseases due to defects in specific genes were recognized. Development of recombinant DNA techniques in the 1970s and their application to the study of mouse tumor viruses facilitated the assembly of the first gene transfer vectors. Vectors of several different types have now been developed for specific applications and over the past decade, efficacy has been demonstrated in many animal models. Clinical trials began in 1989 and by 2002 there was unequivocal evidence that children with severe combined immunodeficiency could be cured by gene transfer into primitive hematopoietic cells. Emerging from these successful trials was the realization that proto-oncogene activation by retroviral integration could contribute to leukemia. Much current effort is focused on development of safer vectors. Successful gene therapy applications have also been developed for control of graft-versus-host disease and treatment of various viral infections, leukemias, and lymphomas. The hemophilias seem amenable to gene therapy intervention and informative clinical trials have been conducted. The hemoglobin disorders, an early target for gene therapy, have proved particularly challenging although ongoing research is yielding new information that may ultimately lead to successful clinical trials.
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Saayman S, Barichievy S, Capovilla A, Morris KV, Arbuthnot P, Weinberg MS. The efficacy of generating three independent anti-HIV-1 siRNAs from a single U6 RNA Pol III-expressed long hairpin RNA. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2602. [PMID: 18596982 PMCID: PMC2434202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA Interference (RNAi) effectors have been used to inhibit rogue RNAs in mammalian cells. However, rapidly evolving sequences such as the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) require multiple targeting approaches to prevent the emergence of escape variants. Expressed long hairpin RNAs (lhRNAs) have recently been used as a strategy to produce multiple short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeted to highly variant sequences. We aimed to characterize the ability of expressed lhRNAs to generate independent siRNAs that silence three non-contiguous HIV-1 sites by designing lhRNAs comprising different combinations of siRNA-encoding sequences. All lhRNAs were capable of silencing individual target sequences. However, silencing efficiency together with concentrations of individual lhRNA-derived siRNAs diminished from the stem base (first position) towards the loop side of the hairpin. Silencing efficacy against HIV-1 was primarily mediated by siRNA sequences located at the base of the stem. Improvements could be made to first and second position siRNAs by adjusting spacing arrangements at their junction, but silencing of third position siRNAs remained largely ineffective. Although lhRNAs offer advantages for combinatorial RNAi, we show that good silencing efficacy across the span of the lhRNA duplex is difficult to achieve with sequences that encode more than two adjacent independent siRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Saayman
- Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Samantha Barichievy
- Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alexio Capovilla
- HIV Pathogenesis Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kevin V. Morris
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick Arbuthnot
- Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marc S. Weinberg
- Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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54
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Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural mechanism in cells that suppresses or silences the expression of aberrant or foreign genes. This activity is being developed as a potential antiviral therapeutic strategy. Studies in vitro, and some in vivo, appear to show the feasibility of using RNAi to treat virus infection. Therapeutic use of RNAi seems to be promising when directed against viruses that cause localized acute infections in accessible target cells. Therapeutic strategies using RNAi against viruses that cause chronic infections, such as HIV, hepatitis B virus, or hepatitis C virus, are more difficult to design, but studies have begun to address identifiable problems. Two clinical trials using RNAi have recently been initiated--one phase II trial against respiratory syncytial virus and a phase I trial against HIV. It will be of much interest to see whether nucleic acid therapies can offer another route to treating viral infection.
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Singh SK. RNA interference and its therapeutic potential against HIV infection. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:449-61. [PMID: 18352849 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.4.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 infection is the major cause of AIDS. RNA interference (RNAi) has great potential to work as a powerful tool against HIV infection. Therefore, the possibilities of use of siRNA (small-interfering RNA) as a tool to deal with HIV infection are discussed in this article. OBJECTIVE Highly active anti retroviral therapy (HAART) has been successful in reducing the rate of progression to AIDS, but HIV utilizes various tricks to escape from the inhibitory effect of HAART. Therefore, new tools are required to delay progression of infection or block the replication cycle of HIV. METHODS This article has been written on the basis of informations available in the form of published literature in various journals. CONCLUSION RNAi is a very promising strategy that in principle will provide many new targets against HIV infection. The mechanism of sequence complementarity utilized by siRNAs against their targets provides a new approach to fight against HIV infection. However, this technology still needs many fine refinements before its potential for HIV treatment strategies can be utilized. This review discusses the possibilities of using siRNA as a therapeutic tool for HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunit K Singh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Section of Infectious Diseases & Immunobiology, Room No: S107, South Wing (Ground Floor), Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500007, AP, India.
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Dahlgren C, Zhang HY, Du Q, Grahn M, Norstedt G, Wahlestedt C, Liang Z. Analysis of siRNA specificity on targets with double-nucleotide mismatches. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:e53. [PMID: 18420656 PMCID: PMC2396434 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although RNA interference as a tool for gene knockdown is a great promise for future applications, the specificity of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing needs to be thoroughly investigated. Most research regarding siRNA specificity has involved analysis of affected off-target genes instead of exploring the specificity of the siRNA itself. In this study we have developed an efficient method for generating a siRNA target library by combining a siRNA target validation vector with a nucleotide oligomix. We have used this library to perform an analysis of the silencing effects of a functional siRNA towards its target site with double-nucleotide mismatches. The results indicated that not only the positions of the mismatched base pair have an impact on silencing efficiency but also the identity of the mismatched nucleotide. Our data strengthen earlier observations of widespread siRNA off-target effects and shows that approximately 35% of the double-mutated target sites still causes knockdown efficiency of >50%. We also provide evidence that there may be substantial differences in knockdown efficiency depending on whether the mutations are positioned within the siRNA itself or in the corresponding target site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Dahlgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CMM L8:01, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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