51
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Ma B, Khazali A, Shao H, Jiang Y, Wells A. Expression of E-cadherin and specific CXCR3 isoforms impact each other in prostate cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:164. [PMID: 31831069 PMCID: PMC6909607 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carcinoma cells shift between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes during cancer progression, as defined by surface presentation of the cell-cell cohesion molecule E-cadherin, affecting dissemination, progression and therapy responsiveness. Concomitant with the loss of E-cadherin during the mesenchymal transition, the predominant receptor isoform for ELR-negative CXC ligands shifts from CXCR3-B to CXCR3-A which turns this classical G-protein coupled receptor from an inhibitor to an activator of cell migration, thus promoting tumor cell invasiveness. We proposed that CXCR3 was not just a coordinately changed receptor but actually a regulator of the cell phenotype. Methods Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry assays investigated the expression of E-cadherin and CXCR3 isoforms. Intrasplenic inoculation of human prostate cancer (PCa) cells with spontaneous metastasis to the liver analyzed E-cadherin and CXCR3-B expression during cancer progression in vivo. Results We found reciprocal regulation of E-cadherin and CXCR3 isoforms. E-cadherin surface expression promoted CXCR3-B presentation on the cell membrane, and to a lesser extent increased its mRNA and total protein levels. In turn, forced expression of CXCR3-A reduced E-cadherin expression level, whereas CXCR3-B increased E-cadherin in PCa. Meanwhile, a positive correlation of E-cadherin and CXCR3-B expression was found both in experimental PCa liver micro-metastases and patients’ tissue. Conclusions CXCR3-B and E-cadherin positively correlated in vitro and in vivo in PCa cells and liver metastases, whereas CXCR3-A negatively regulated E-cadherin expression. These results suggest that CXCR3 isoforms may play important roles in cancer progression and dissemination via diametrically regulating tumor’s phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, S713 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 Huaihai Xi Road, Quanshan, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China. .,Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Ahmad Khazali
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, S713 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanshuang Shao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, S713 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, S713 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, S713 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, USA. .,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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52
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Wu B, Sun D, Ma L, Deng Y, Zhang S, Dong L, Chen S. Exosomes isolated from CAPS1‑overexpressing colorectal cancer cells promote cell migration. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2528-2536. [PMID: 31638236 PMCID: PMC6826328 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium‑dependent activator protein for secretion 1 (CAPS1) has been reported to promote metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. The present study revealed that exosomes derived from CAPS1‑overexpressing CRC cells could enhance the migration of normal colonic epithelial FHC cells. GW4869, an inhibitor of exosomes, could attenuate the migration of FHC cells. Furthermore, liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry (LC‑MS) and bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that overexpression of CAPS1 could alter the expression pattern of exosomal proteins involved in cell migration. Bone morphogenetic protein 4, which may serve vital roles in the process of CAPS1‑induced cell migration, was downregulated in the exosomes. In summary, the present results demonstrated that CAPS1 promotes cell migration by regulating exosomes. Inhibiting the secretion of exosomes may be helpful for the treatment of patients with metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research (Ministry of Public Health), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Dalong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Ma
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yiran Deng
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research (Ministry of Public Health), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research (Ministry of Public Health), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - She Chen
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research (Ministry of Public Health), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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53
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Kundu N, Ma X, Brox R, Fan X, Kochel T, Reader J, Tschammer N, Fulton A. The Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Isoform B Drives Breast Cancer Stem Cells. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019; 13:1178223419873628. [PMID: 31619923 PMCID: PMC6777055 DOI: 10.1177/1178223419873628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We are seeking to identify molecular targets that are relevant to breast cancer
cells with stem-like properties. There is growing evidence that cancer stem
cells (CSCs) are supported by inflammatory mediators expressed in the tumor
microenvironment. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 binds the interferon-γ-inducible,
ELR-negative CXC chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 and malignant cells have
co-opted this receptor to promote tumor cell migration and invasion. There are 2
major isoforms of CXCR3: CXCR3A and CXCR3B. The latter is generated from
alternative splicing and results in a protein with a longer N-terminal domain.
CXCR3 isoform A is generally considered to play a major role in tumor
metastasis. When the entire tumor cell population is examined, CXCR3 isoform B
is usually detected at much lower levels than CXCR3A and for this, and other
reasons, was not considered to drive tumor progression. We have shown that
CXCR3B is significantly upregulated in the subpopulation of breast CSCs in
comparison with the bulk tumor cell population in 3 independent breast cancer
cell lines (MDA-MB-231, SUM159, and T47D). Modulation of CXCR3B levels by knock
in strategies increases CSC populations identified by aldehyde dehydrogenase
activity or CD44+CD24− phenotype as well as
tumorsphere-forming capacity. The reverse is seen when CXCR3B is gene-silenced.
CXCL11 and CXCL10 directly induce CSC. We also report that novel CXCR3
allosteric modulators BD064 and BD103 prevent the induction of CSCs. BD103
inhibited experimental metastasis. This protective effect is associated with the
reversal of CXCR3 ligand-mediated activation of STAT3, ERK1/2, CREB, and NOTCH1
pathways. We propose that CXCR3B, expressed on CSC, should be explored further
as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Kundu
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinrong Ma
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Regine Brox
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Kochel
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jocelyn Reader
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nuska Tschammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amy Fulton
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Li Y. [Research Progress of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Tumor Metastasis]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2019; 22:600-604. [PMID: 31526465 PMCID: PMC6754575 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2019.09.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recently, studies showed that neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) are the fiber network structures formed by the materials released by neutrophils under various appropriate stimulation. NETs have been indicated to trap and kill microorganisms, playing a critical role in immune responses. It was pointed out that NETs can not only be involved in inflammation and thrombosis, but also is intimately related to tumor metastasis. Therefore, the study of NETs in tumor metastasis is of great significance for tumor therapy and the progress of NETs in tumor metastasis and the relevant mechanisms is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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55
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Cisoń-Jurek S, Czajka-Francuz P, Francuz T, Wojnar J. Chemokines – role in inflammatory and cancer diseases. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2019. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.3669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 50 human chemokines are known at present; the number of the newly discovered compounds from this group still grows. These proteins of low molecular weight, belonging to the family of cytokines with chemotactic properties. Chemokines participate in the physiological and pathological processes of the organism. Recent papers show their role in the processes of embryogenesis, organogenesis, allergies, wound healing, angiogenesis and apoptosis, the course of viral and bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases and cancerogenesis. Chemokines play crucial role in activation and migration of immune cells. Being a key player in chronic inflammation, chemokines may interfere the processes of cellular differentiation and contribute to loss of control over proliferation. Coexistence of inflammatory and cancerogenesis processes, impact of chemokines on cells associated with the tumor and stromal cells, mechanisms of immunological escape is considered to be a current scientific issue. Newly discovered functions of chemokines may reveal their new roles and create the new therapeutic perspectives. It is important to understand the relationship between the structure and function of chemokine receptors, the regulation of their signaling pathways and the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the expression of chemokines and their receptors. This article presents the current state of knowledge regarding the construction and classification of chemokines and summarizes the most prominent roles of chemokines. Chemokines are still the subject of many scientific studies, new functions are being discovered. It gives an opportunity to limit the development of many dangerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Cisoń-Jurek
- Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych i Chemioterapii Onkologicznej, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Katowice, Polska
| | - Paulina Czajka-Francuz
- Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych i Chemioterapii Onkologicznej, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Katowice, Polska
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych i Chemioterapii Onkologicznej, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Katowice, Polska
| | - Jerzy Wojnar
- Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych i Chemioterapii Onkologicznej, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Katowice, Polska
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56
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Maoz A, Dennis M, Greenson JK. The Crohn's-Like Lymphoid Reaction to Colorectal Cancer-Tertiary Lymphoid Structures With Immunologic and Potentially Therapeutic Relevance in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1884. [PMID: 31507584 PMCID: PMC6714555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Crohn's-like lymphoid reaction (CLR) to colorectal cancer (CRC), a CRC-specific ectopic lymphoid reaction, is thought to play an important role in the host response to CRC. CLR is characterized by peritumoral lymphocytic aggregates that are found at the advancing edge of the tumor. Spatial and molecular characterization of CLR within the tumor microenvironment (TME) have uncovered a spectrum of peritumoral lymphoid aggregates with varying levels of organization and maturation. In early stages of CLR development, CD4+ T-cells cluster predominantly with mature antigen presenting dendritic cells. As CLR matures, increasing numbers of B-cells, as well as follicular dendritic cells are recruited to create lymphoid follicles. When highly organized, CLR resembles functional tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), allowing for lymphocyte recruitment to the TME and promoting a tumor-specific adaptive immune response. CLR has been consistently associated with favorable prognostic factors and improved survival among CRC patients, often providing more prognostic information than current clinical staging systems. However, consensus is lacking regarding CLR scoring and it is not clinically assessed or reported. Differences between CLR and other cancer-associated lymphoid structures exist both in primary and metastatic disease, underscoring the need to characterize organ-specific TLS. Further research is needed to explore the role of CLR in predicting response to immunotherapy and to leverage CLR to promote immunotherapeutic strategies in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Maoz
- Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Dennis
- Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joel K Greenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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57
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Jiang Q, Sun Y, Liu X. CXCR4 as a prognostic biomarker in gastrointestinal cancer: a meta-analysis. Biomarkers 2019; 24:510-516. [PMID: 31244335 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1637941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: CXCR4 is a member of the C-X-C chemokine receptor family, which is associated with multiple types of cancer. Although it has been widely reported, the prognostic value of CXCR4 expression in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer remains controversial. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between CXCR4 and prognosis of patients with GI cancer. Subgroup analysis was also performed according to tumour subtypes and heterogeneity test. Results: A total of 24 studies including 3637 cases suggested that overexpression of CXCR4 is significantly associated with overall survival (OS) for patients with GI cancer (HR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.45-2.03, p = 0.000). Subgroup analysis also indicated that high CXCR4 expression in oesophagus, gastric and colorectal cancer all predicted a worse prognosis (HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.26-1.84, p = 0.001 for oesophagus cancer; HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.10-2.30, p = 0.015 for gastric cancer; HR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.56-3.14, p = 0.000 for colorectal cancer). Conclusions: CXCR4 may serve as a prognostic indicator in GI cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Jiang
- a Department of Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College , Nanjing , China
| | - Yun Sun
- b Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Changzhou , Changzhou , China
| | - Xin Liu
- c Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Nanjing , China
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58
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Reynders N, Abboud D, Baragli A, Noman MZ, Rogister B, Niclou SP, Heveker N, Janji B, Hanson J, Szpakowska M, Chevigné A. The Distinct Roles of CXCR3 Variants and Their Ligands in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060613. [PMID: 31216755 PMCID: PMC6627231 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
First thought to orchestrate exclusively leukocyte trafficking, chemokines are now acknowledged for their multiple roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of their normal functions contributes to various pathologies, including inflammatory diseases and cancer. The two chemokine receptor 3 variants CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B, together with their cognate chemokines (CXCL11, CXCL10, CXCL9, CXCL4, and CXCL4L1), are involved in the control but also in the development of many tumors. CXCR3-A drives the infiltration of leukocytes to the tumor bed to modulate tumor progression (paracrine axis). Conversely, tumor-driven changes in the expression of the CXCR3 variants and their ligands promote cancer progression (autocrine axis). This review summarizes the anti- and pro-tumoral activities of the CXCR3 variants and their associated chemokines with a focus on the understanding of their distinct biological roles in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Reynders
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, CHU, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Alessandra Baragli
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Muhammad Zaeem Noman
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Neurology Department, CHU, Academic Hospital, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Nikolaus Heveker
- Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Bassam Janji
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, CHU, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicine (CIRM), University of Liège, CHU, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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59
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Wu V, Yeerna H, Nohata N, Chiou J, Harismendy O, Raimondi F, Inoue A, Russell RB, Tamayo P, Gutkind JS. Illuminating the Onco-GPCRome: Novel G protein-coupled receptor-driven oncocrine networks and targets for cancer immunotherapy. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11062-11086. [PMID: 31171722 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.005601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest gene family of cell membrane-associated molecules mediating signal transmission, and their involvement in key physiological functions is well-established. The ability of GPCRs to regulate a vast array of fundamental biological processes, such as cardiovascular functions, immune responses, hormone and enzyme release from endocrine and exocrine glands, neurotransmission, and sensory perception (e.g. vision, odor, and taste), is largely due to the diversity of these receptors and the layers of their downstream signaling circuits. Dysregulated expression and aberrant functions of GPCRs have been linked to some of the most prevalent human diseases, which renders GPCRs one of the top targets for pharmaceutical drug development. However, the study of the role of GPCRs in tumor biology has only just begun to make headway. Recent studies have shown that GPCRs can contribute to the many facets of tumorigenesis, including proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, therapy resistance, and immune evasion. Indeed, GPCRs are widely dysregulated in cancer and yet are underexploited in oncology. We present here a comprehensive analysis of GPCR gene expression, copy number variation, and mutational signatures in 33 cancer types. We also highlight the emerging role of GPCRs as part of oncocrine networks promoting tumor growth, dissemination, and immune evasion, and we stress the potential benefits of targeting GPCRs and their signaling circuits in the new era of precision medicine and cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Huwate Yeerna
- Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Nijiro Nohata
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Joshua Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093.,Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Robert B Russell
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
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60
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Farnsworth RH, Karnezis T, Maciburko SJ, Mueller SN, Stacker SA. The Interplay Between Lymphatic Vessels and Chemokines. Front Immunol 2019; 10:518. [PMID: 31105685 PMCID: PMC6499173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small protein cytokines that act as chemoattractants to migrating cells, in particular those of the immune system. They are categorized functionally as either homeostatic, constitutively produced by tissues for basal levels of cell migration, or inflammatory, where they are generated in association with a pathological inflammatory response. While the extravasation of leukocytes via blood vessels is a key step in cells entering the tissues, the lymphatic vessels also serve as a conduit for cells that are recruited and localized through chemoattractant gradients. Furthermore, the growth and remodeling of lymphatic vessels in pathologies is influenced by chemokines and their receptors expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in and around the pathological tissue. In this review we summarize the diverse role played by specific chemokines and their receptors in shaping the interaction of lymphatic vessels, immune cells, and other pathological cell types in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae H Farnsworth
- Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara Karnezis
- Lymphatic and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon J Maciburko
- Lymphatic and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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61
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Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: Orchestrating Tumor Metastasization. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010096. [PMID: 30591657 PMCID: PMC6337330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis still represents the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chemokine signalling contributes to the overall process of cancer growth and metastasis, and their expression in both primary tumors and metastatic lesions correlate with prognosis. Chemokines promote tumor metastasization by directly supporting cancer cell survival and invasion, angiogenesis, and by indirectly shaping the pre-metastatic niches and antitumor immunity. Here, we will focus on the relevant chemokine/chemokine receptor axes that have been described to drive the metastatic process. We elaborate on their role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment at both the primary tumor lesions and the pre-metastatic foci. Furthermore, we also discuss the advantages and limits of current pharmacological strategies developed to target chemokine networks for cancer therapy.
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62
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Li H, Rong S, Chen C, Fan Y, Chen T, Wang Y, Chen D, Yang C, Yang J. Disparate roles of CXCR3A and CXCR3B in regulating progressive properties of colorectal cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:171-184. [PMID: 30302818 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan China
- College of Clinical Medicine; Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Shikuo Rong
- College of Clinical Medicine; Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan Ningxia China
- Human Stem Cell Institute; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Clinical Medicine; Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan Ningxia China
- Human Stem Cell Institute; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan China
| | - Yayun Fan
- Department of Gynaecology; Jingzhou Central Hospital; Jingzhou China
| | - Tuo Chen
- College of Clinical Medicine; Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine; Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan Ningxia China
- Human Stem Cell Institute; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Human Stem Cell Institute; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan China
| | - Chun Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine; Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Jiali Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine; Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan Ningxia China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathological Microbiology; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan Ningxia China
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Xu G, Zhou Y, Zhou F. Development and validation of an immunity-related classifier of nine chemokines for predicting recurrence in stage I-III patients with colorectal cancer after operation. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4051-4064. [PMID: 30323661 PMCID: PMC6173492 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s174452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemokines are closely related with tumor immunity, progression, and metastasis. We aimed to construct a multi-RNA classifier of chemokine family genes for predicting tumor recurrence in stage I-III patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) after operation. Patients and methods By analyzing microarray data, the Cox regression analysis was conducted to determine survival-related chemokine family genes and develop a multi-RNA classifier in the training set. The prognostic value of this multi-RNA classifier was further validated in the internal validation and external independent sets. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the prediction ability of the combined model of this multi-RNA classifier and stage, and this multi-RNA classifier and stage alone. Results Nine survival-related chemokines were identified in the training set. We identified a nine-chemokine classifier and classified the patients as high-risk or low-risk. Compared with CRC patients with high-risk scores, CRC patients with low-risk scores had longer disease-free survival in the training (HR=2.353, 95% CI=1.480-3.742, P<0.001), internal validation (HR=2.389, 95% CI=1.428-3.996, P<0.001), and external independent (HR=3.244, 95% CI=1.813-5.807, P<0.001) sets. This nine-chemokine classifier was an independent prognostic factor in these datasets (P<0.05). The combined model of this nine-chemokine classifier and tumor stage may tend to have higher accuracy than stage alone in the training (area under curve 0.727 vs 0.626, P<0.01), internal validation (0.668 vs 0.584, P=0.03), and external independent (0.704 vs 0.678, P>0.05) sets. This nine-chemokine classifier may only be applied in Marisa's C2, C5, and C6 subtypes patients. Conclusion Our nine-chemokine classifier is a reliable prognostic tool for some specific biological subtypes of CRC patients. It might contribute to guide the personalized treatment for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozeng Xu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, China,
| | - Yuehan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, China,
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64
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CXCR3 expression in colorectal cancer cells enhanced invasion through preventing CXCR4 internalization. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:162-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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65
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Ruytinx P, Proost P, Struyf S. CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 in cancer. Cytokine 2018; 109:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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66
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Schineis P, Runge P, Halin C. Cellular traffic through afferent lymphatic vessels. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 112:31-41. [PMID: 30092362 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system has long been known to serve as a highway for migrating leukocytes from peripheral tissue to draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and back to circulation, thereby contributing to the induction of adaptive immunity and immunesurveillance. Lymphatic vessels (LVs) present in peripheral tissues upstream of a first dLN are generally referred to as afferent LVs. In contrast to migration through blood vessels (BVs), the detailed molecular and cellular requirements of cellular traffic through afferent LVs have only recently started to be unraveled. Progress in our ability to track the migration of lymph-borne cell populations, in combination with cutting-edge imaging technologies, nowadays allows the investigation and visualization of lymphatic migration of endogenous leukocytes, both at the population and at the single-cell level. These studies have revealed that leukocyte trafficking through afferent LVs generally follows a step-wise migration pattern, relying on the active interplay of numerous molecules. In this review, we will summarize and discuss current knowledge of cellular traffic through afferent LVs. We will first outline how the structure of the afferent LV network supports leukocyte migration and highlight important molecules involved in the migration of dendritic cells (DCs), T cells and neutrophils, i.e. the most prominent cell types trafficking through afferent LVs. Additionally, we will describe how tumor cells hijack the lymphatic system for their dissemination to draining LNs. Finally, we will summarize and discuss our current understanding of the functional significance as well as the therapeutic implications of cell traffic through afferent LVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Runge
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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67
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Liu QZ, Ma WT, Yang JB, Zhao ZB, Yan K, Yao Y, Li L, Miao Q, Gershwin ME, Lian ZX. The CXC Chemokine Receptor 3 Inhibits Autoimmune Cholangitis via CD8 + T Cells but Promotes Colitis via CD4 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1090. [PMID: 29868034 PMCID: PMC5966573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), a receptor for the C-X-C motif chemokines (CXCL) CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, which not only plays a role in chemotaxis but also regulates differentiation and development of memory and effector T cell populations. Herein, we explored the function of CXCR3 in the modulation of different organ-specific autoimmune diseases in interleukin (IL)-2 receptor deficiency (CD25-/-) mice, a murine model for both cholangitis and colitis. We observed higher levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in the liver and colon and higher expression of CXCR3 on T cells of the CD25-/- mice compared with control animals. Deletion of CXCR3 resulted in enhanced liver inflammation but alleviated colitis. These changes in liver and colon pathology after CXCR3 deletion were associated with increased numbers of hepatic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, in particular effector memory CD8+ T cells, as well as decreased T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and colon lamina propria. In addition, increased interferon-γ response and decreased IL-17A response was observed in both liver and colon after CXCR3 deletion. CXCR3 modulated the functions of T cells involved in different autoimmune diseases, whereas the consequence of such modulation was organ-specific regarding to their effects on disease severity. Our findings emphasize the importance of extra caution in immunotherapy for organ-specific autoimmune diseases, as therapeutic interventions aiming at a target such as CXCR3 for certain disease could result in adverse effects in an unrelated organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zhi Liu
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Ma
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Jing-Bo Yang
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhao
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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68
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Abron JD, Singh NP, Murphy AE, Mishra MK, Price RL, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Singh UP. Differential role of CXCR3 in inflammation and colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17928-17936. [PMID: 29707158 PMCID: PMC5915166 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines (CXCR3) and their ligands (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) exert exquisite control over T-cell trafficking and are critical for activation, differentiation and effector T cell function. CXCR3 is important for CD4 Th1 cells, CD8 effectors, memory cells, and for the function of natural killer and natural killer T cells. The presence of high cytotoxic CXCR3 ligand expression on CD8 T cells in colorectal cancerous tissue has been well documented in the past. CXCR3 and its ligands are differentially expressed at sites of inflammation and within the tumors. Further, the expression of CXCR3 and its ligands has been correlated with both the presence of effector T cells within tumor tissue and disease-free survival of patients. However, effector T cell infiltration into primary and metastatic tumors is highly variable and, in fact, often absent. Thus, understanding why T cells fail to infiltrate into tumors and determining the way to improve effector T cell entry into tumors would be important advances in efforts to harness the power of the immune system to fight cancer. To this end, the recent exciting discovery that CXCR3 is functionally expressed on regulatory T cells and also induces the differentiation of peripheral CD4 T cells into regulatory T cells, might address the novel clinically relevant question of the therapeutic potential of the CXCR3 system. This is also coupled with the fact that increases in CXCR3 expression also improves effector T cell function. This review describes the differential role of CXCR3 induction on peripheral and tumor microenvironment inflammation. Further, this review, tied with important findings from our laboratory, demonstrates that polyphenols induce CXCR3 expression on regulatory T cells and increases CXCR3 ligands in the tumor microenvironment, which act together to suppress colorectal cancer through a differential mechanism discussed herewith.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessicca D Abron
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Narendra P Singh
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Angela E Murphy
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Manoj K Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Robert L Price
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Udai P Singh
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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69
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You N, Li J, Huang X, Wu K, Tang Y, Wang L, Li H, Mi N, Zheng L. COMMD7 activates CXCL10 production by regulating NF-κB and the production of reactive oxygen species. Mol Med Rep 2018. [PMID: 29532873 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
While >80% of the incidence occurs in sub‑Saharan Africa and East Asia, cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been rapidly increasing in Western countries. Despite its global importance, HCC is relatively under‑researched compared with other lethal cancer types, which is possibly due to the high complexity and heterogeneity of HCC. It has been reported previously that COMM domain‑containing protein 7 (COMMD7) is upregulated in HCC and promotes HCC cell proliferation by triggering C‑X‑C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) production. However, the value of targeting CXCL10 signal transduction in treating COMMD7‑positive tumors, or the molecular mechanisms underlying COMMD7‑mediated CXCL10 expression, has not been completely addressed. In the present study, it was demonstrated that disruption of the CXCL10/C‑X‑C chemokine receptor type 3 axis reduces COMMD7‑mediated HCC cell proliferation. Furthermore, COMMD7 modulates CXCL10 production by activating nuclear factor (NF)‑κB. Additionally, it was demonstrated that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required for NF‑κB activation and CXCL10 production. In conclusion, COMMD7 activates CXCL10 production by regulating NF‑κB and the production of ROS. The present study highlighted the role of COMMD7 in the development of HCC, and provides novel options for anticancer drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yichen Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Na Mi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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CCR4 promotes metastasis via ERK/NF-κB/MMP13 pathway and acts downstream of TNF-α in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47637-47649. [PMID: 27356745 PMCID: PMC5216967 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors are causally involved in the metastasis of human malignancies. As a crucial chemokine receptor for mediating immune homeostasis, however, the role of CCR4 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. In this study, we found that high expression of CCR4 in CRC tissues was correlated with shorter overall survival and disease free survival. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that silencing CCR4 attenuated the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells, whereas ectopic overexpression of CCR4 contributed to the forced metastasis of these cells. We further demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) played an important role in CCR4-mediated cancer cell invasion, which is up-regulated by ERK/NF-κB signaling. Positive correlation between CCR4 and MMP13 expression was also observed in CRC tissues. Moreover, our investigations showed that the level of CCR4 could be induced by TNF-α dependent of NF-κB activation in CRC cells. CCR4 might be implicated in TNF-α-regulated cancer cells metastasis. Combination of CCR4 and TNF-α is a more powerful prognostic marker for CRC patients. These findings suggest that CCR4 facilitates metastasis through ERK/NF-κB/MMP13 signaling and acts as a downstream target of TNF-α. CCR4 inhibition may be a promising therapeutic option for suppressing CRC metastasis.
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71
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Zhang Y, Xu L, Peng M. CXCR3 is a prognostic marker and a potential target for patients with solid tumors: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1045-1054. [PMID: 29520155 PMCID: PMC5833761 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s157421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To deeply verify the clinical significance of CXCR3 in prediction of cancer patients' prognosis. DATA SOURCES We performed a meta-analysis including 12 studies searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases. A total of 1,751 patients were used to analyze the association between CXCR3 and patients' prognosis, based on either overall survival or time to tumor progression. STUDY SELECTION Studies evaluating CXCR3 expression for predicting prognosis in human solid tumors were included. RESULTS It showed that patients with higher expression of CXCR3 had significantly shorter OS (pooled hazard ratio =2.315, 95% CI: 1.162-4.611, P=0.017). In addition, higher CXCR3 expression was associated with distant metastasis (yes vs no: pooled relative ratio [RR] =1.828, 95% CI: 1.140-2.931, P=0.012) in solid tumors and indicated advanced tumor stage (III/IV vs I/II, RR =2.656, 95% CI: 1.809-3.900, P<0.001) and lymph node metastasis (yes vs no: RR =2.28, 95% CI: 1.61-3.25, P<0.001) in colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the role of CXCR3 as a potential prognostic marker and a promising therapeutic target in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linjuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minggang Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Brox R, Milanos L, Saleh N, Baumeister P, Buschauer A, Hofmann D, Heinrich MR, Clark T, Tschammer N. Molecular Mechanisms of Biased and Probe-Dependent Signaling at CXC-Motif Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Induced by Negative Allosteric Modulators. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:309-322. [PMID: 29343553 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent explorations of allosteric modulators with improved properties resulted in the identification of two biased negative allosteric modulators, BD103 (N-1-{[3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimi-din2yl]ethyl}-4-(4-fluorobutoxy)-N-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl}]butanamide) and BD064 (5-[(N-{1-[3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]ethyl-2-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamido)methyl]-2-fluorophenyl}boronic acid), that exhibited probe-dependent inhibition of CXC-motif chemokine receptor CXCR3 signaling. With the intention to elucidate the structural mechanisms underlying their selectivity and probe dependence, we used site-directed mutagenesis combined with homology modeling and docking to identify amino acids of CXCR3 that contribute to modulator binding, signaling, and transmission of cooperativity. With the use of allosteric radioligand RAMX3 ([3H]N-{1-[3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]ethyl}-2-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]acetamide), we identified that F1313.32 and Y3087.43 contribute specifically to the binding pocket of BD064, whereas D1864.60 solely participates in the stabilization of binding conformation of BD103. The influence of mutations on the ability of negative allosteric modulators to inhibit chemokine-mediated activation (CXCL11 and CXCL10) was assessed with the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based cAMP and β-arrestin recruitment assay. Obtained data revealed complex molecular mechanisms governing biased and probe-dependent signaling at CXCR3. In particular, F1313.32, S3047.39, and Y3087.43 emerged as key residues for the compounds to modulate the chemokine response. Notably, D1864.60, W2686.48, and S3047.39 turned out to play a role in signal pathway selectivity of CXCL10, as mutations of these residues led to a G protein-active but β-arrestin-inactive conformation. These diverse effects of mutations suggest the existence of ligand- and pathway-specific receptor conformations and give new insights in the sophisticated signaling machinery between allosteric ligands, chemokines, and their receptors, which can provide a powerful platform for the development of new allosteric drugs with improved pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Brox
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center (R.B., D.H., M.R.H., N.T.) and Computer Chemistry Center (L.M., N.S., T.C.), Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany; and Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (P.B., A.B.)
| | - Lampros Milanos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center (R.B., D.H., M.R.H., N.T.) and Computer Chemistry Center (L.M., N.S., T.C.), Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany; and Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (P.B., A.B.)
| | - Noureldin Saleh
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center (R.B., D.H., M.R.H., N.T.) and Computer Chemistry Center (L.M., N.S., T.C.), Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany; and Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (P.B., A.B.)
| | - Paul Baumeister
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center (R.B., D.H., M.R.H., N.T.) and Computer Chemistry Center (L.M., N.S., T.C.), Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany; and Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (P.B., A.B.)
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center (R.B., D.H., M.R.H., N.T.) and Computer Chemistry Center (L.M., N.S., T.C.), Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany; and Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (P.B., A.B.)
| | - Dagmar Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center (R.B., D.H., M.R.H., N.T.) and Computer Chemistry Center (L.M., N.S., T.C.), Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany; and Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (P.B., A.B.)
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center (R.B., D.H., M.R.H., N.T.) and Computer Chemistry Center (L.M., N.S., T.C.), Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany; and Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (P.B., A.B.)
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center (R.B., D.H., M.R.H., N.T.) and Computer Chemistry Center (L.M., N.S., T.C.), Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany; and Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (P.B., A.B.)
| | - Nuska Tschammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center (R.B., D.H., M.R.H., N.T.) and Computer Chemistry Center (L.M., N.S., T.C.), Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany; and Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (P.B., A.B.)
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Grizzi F, Basso G, Borroni EM, Cavalleri T, Bianchi P, Stifter S, Chiriva-Internati M, Malesci A, Laghi L. Evolving notions on immune response in colorectal cancer and their implications for biomarker development. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:375-389. [PMID: 29322204 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) still represents the third most commonly diagnosed type of cancer in men and women worldwide. CRC is acknowledged as a heterogeneous disease that develops through a multi-step sequence of events driven by clonal selections; this observation is sustained by the fact that histologically similar tumors may have completely different outcomes, including a varied response to therapy. METHODS In "early" and "intermediate" stage of CRC (stages II and III, respectively) there is a compelling need for new biomarkers fit to assess the metastatic potential of their disease, selecting patients with aggressive disease that might benefit from adjuvant and targeted therapies. Therefore, we review the actual notions on immune response in colorectal cancer and their implications for biomarker development. RESULTS The recognition of the key role of immune cells in human cancer progression has recently drawn attention on the tumor immune microenvironment, as a source of new indicators of tumor outcome and response to therapy. Thus, beside consolidated histopathological biomarkers, immune endpoints are now emerging as potential biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of immune signatures and cellular and molecular components of the immune system as biomarkers is particularly important considering the increasing use of immune-based cancer therapies as therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Basso
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Monica Borroni
- Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cavalleri
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Bianchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sanja Stifter
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Alberto Malesci
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Laghi
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Clinic, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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74
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Kim MS, Park EJ, Kang J, Min BS, Lee KY, Kim NK, Baik SH. Prognostic factors predicting survival in incurable stage IV colorectal cancer patients who underwent palliative primary tumor resection. Retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg 2018; 49:10-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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75
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Tokunaga R, Zhang W, Naseem M, Puccini A, Berger MD, Soni S, McSkane M, Baba H, Lenz HJ. CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11/CXCR3 axis for immune activation - A target for novel cancer therapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 63:40-47. [PMID: 29207310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 804] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are proteins which induce chemotaxis, promote differentiation of immune cells, and cause tissue extravasation. Given these properties, their role in anti-tumor immune response in the cancer environment is of great interest. Although immunotherapy has shown clinical benefit for some cancer patients, other patients do not respond. One of the mechanisms of resistance to checkpoint inhibitors may be chemokine signaling. The CXCL9, -10, -11/CXCR3 axis regulates immune cell migration, differentiation, and activation, leading to tumor suppression (paracrine axis). However, there are some reports that show involvements of this axis in tumor growth and metastasis (autocrine axis). Thus, a better understanding of CXCL9, -10, -11/CXCR3 axis is necessary to develop effective cancer control. In this article, we summarize recent evidence regarding CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11/CXCR3 axis in the immune system and discuss their potential role in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuma Tokunaga
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Wu Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Madiha Naseem
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Alberto Puccini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Martin D Berger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Shivani Soni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Michelle McSkane
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 8608556, Japan
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States.
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76
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Kistner L, Doll D, Holtorf A, Nitsche U, Janssen KP. Interferon-inducible CXC-chemokines are crucial immune modulators and survival predictors in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89998-90012. [PMID: 29163806 PMCID: PMC5685727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating T-cells are strongly associated with prognosis in colorectal cancer, but the mechanisms governing intratumoral lymphocyte recruitment are unclear. We investigated the clinical relevance and functional contribution of interferon-regulated CXC-chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, described as T-cells attractants. Their expression was significantly elevated in tumors as compared to normal colon in 163 patients with colon cancer, represented an independent positive predictor of post-operative survival, and was highly significantly correlated with the presence of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells and CD4+ TH1-effector cells. The regulation of chemokine expression was investigated in established cell lines and in tissue explants from resected tumor specimen (n=22). All colorectal cancer cell lines tested, as well as stroma or endothelial cells, produced CXC-chemokines in response to cytokine stimulation. Moreover, resected tumor explants could be stimulated to produce CXC-chemokines, even in cases with initially low CXC-levels. Lastly, a causative role of chemokine expression was evaluated with an orthotopic mouse model, based on isogenic rectal CT26 cancer cells, engineered to express CXCL10. The orthotopic model demonstrated a protective and anti-metastatic role of intratumoral CXCL10 expression, mediated mainly by adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kistner
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Doll
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany.,Current/Present Address: St. Marienhospital Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Anne Holtorf
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
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77
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Muramatsu M, Gao L, Peresie J, Balderman B, Akakura S, Gelman IH. SSeCKS/AKAP12 scaffolding functions suppress B16F10-induced peritoneal metastasis by attenuating CXCL9/10 secretion by resident fibroblasts. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70281-70298. [PMID: 29050279 PMCID: PMC5642554 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SSeCKS/Gravin/AKAP12 (SSeCKS) is a kinase scaffolding protein known to suppress metastasis by attenuating tumor-intrinsic PKC- and Src-mediated signaling pathways [1]. In addition to downregulation in metastatic cells, in silico analyses identified SSeCKS downregulation in prostate or breast cancer-derived stroma, suggesting a microenvironmental cell role in controlling malignancy. Although orthotopic B16F10 and SM1WT1[BrafV600E] mouse melanoma tumors grew similarly in syngeneic WT or SSeCKS-null (KO) mice, KO hosts exhibited 5- to 10-fold higher levels of peritoneal metastasis, and this enhancement could be adoptively transferred by pre-injecting naïve WT mice with peritoneal fluid (PF), but not non-adherent peritoneal cells (PC), from naïve KO mice. B16F10 and SM1WT1 cells showed increased chemotaxis to KO-PF compared to WT-PF, corresponding to increased PF levels of multiple inflammatory mediators, including the Cxcr3 ligands, Cxcl9 and 10. Cxcr3 knockdown abrogated enhanced chemotaxis to KO-PF and peritoneal metastasis in KO hosts. Conditioned media from KO peritoneal membrane fibroblasts (PMF), but not from KO-PC, induced increased B16F10 chemotaxis over controls, which could be blocked with Cxcl10 neutralizing antibody. KO-PMF exhibited increased levels of the senescence markers, SA-β-galactosidase, p21waf1 and p16ink4a, and enhanced Cxcl10 secretion induced by inflammatory mediators, lipopolysaccharide, TNFα, IFNα and IFNγ. SSeCKS scaffolding-site mutants and small molecule kinase inhibitors were used to show that the loss of SSeCKS-regulated PKC, PKA and PI3K/Akt pathways are responsible for the enhanced Cxcl10 secretion. These data mark the first description of a role for stromal SSeCKS/AKAP12 in suppressing metastasis, specifically by attenuating signaling pathways that promote secretion of tumor chemoattractants in the peritoneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Muramatsu
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Lingqiu Gao
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo 14263, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Peresie
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo 14263, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Balderman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo 14263, NY, USA
| | - Shin Akakura
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine 92618, CA, USA
| | - Irwin H Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo 14263, NY, USA
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78
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Bugge M, Bergstrom B, Eide OK, Solli H, Kjønstad IF, Stenvik J, Espevik T, Nilsen NJ. Surface Toll-like receptor 3 expression in metastatic intestinal epithelial cells induces inflammatory cytokine production and promotes invasiveness. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15408-15425. [PMID: 28717003 PMCID: PMC5602399 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.784090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors for sensing microbial molecules and damage-associated molecular patterns released from host cells. Double-stranded RNA and the synthetic analog polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) bind and activate TLR3. This stimulation leads to recruitment of the adaptor molecule TRIF (Toll/IL-1 resistance (TIR) domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon β) and activation of the transcription factors nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), classically inducing IFNβ production. Here we report that, unlike non-metastatic intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), metastatic IECs express TLR3 and that TLR3 promotes invasiveness of these cells. In response to poly(I:C) addition, the metastatic IECs also induced the chemokine CXCL10 in a TLR3-, TRIF-, and IRF3-dependent manner but failed to produce IFNβ. This was in contrast to healthy and non-metastatic IECs, which did not respond to poly(I:C) stimulation. Endolysosomal acidification and the endosomal transporter protein UNC93B1 was required for poly(I:C)-induced CXCL10 production. However, TLR3-induced CXCL10 was triggered by immobilized poly(I:C), was only modestly affected by inhibition of endocytosis, and could be blocked with an anti-TLR3 antibody, indicating that TLR3 can still signal from the cell surface of these cells. Furthermore, plasma membrane fractions from metastatic IECs contained both full-length and cleaved TLR3, demonstrating surface expression of both forms of TLR3. Our results imply that metastatic IECs express surface TLR3, allowing it to sense extracellular stimuli that trigger chemokine responses and promote invasiveness in these cells. We conclude that altered TLR3 expression and localization may have implications for cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Bugge
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and.,the Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjarte Bergstrom
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and
| | - Oda K Eide
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and
| | - Helene Solli
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and
| | - Ingrid F Kjønstad
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and
| | - Jørgen Stenvik
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and
| | - Terje Espevik
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and
| | - Nadra J Nilsen
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and .,the Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
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79
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Schludi B, Moin ASM, Montemurro C, Gurlo T, Matveyenko AV, Kirakossian D, Dawson DW, Dry SM, Butler PC, Butler AE. Islet inflammation and ductal proliferation may be linked to increased pancreatitis risk in type 2 diabetes. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92282. [PMID: 28679961 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is more frequent in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although the underlying cause is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that ongoing β cell stress and apoptosis in T2DM induces ductal tree proliferation, particularly the pancreatic duct gland (PDG) compartment, and thus potentially obstructs exocrine outflow, a well-established cause of pancreatitis. PDG replication was increased 2-fold in human pancreas from individuals with T2DM, and was associated with increased pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), lesions associated with pancreatic inflammation and with the potential to obstruct pancreatic outflow. Increased PDG replication in the prediabetic human-IAPP-transgenic (HIP) rat model of T2DM was concordant with increased β cell stress but preceded metabolic derangement. Moreover, the most abundantly expressed chemokines released by the islets in response to β cell stress in T2DM, CXCL1, -4, and -10, induced proliferation in human pancreatic ductal epithelium. Also, the diabetes medications reported as potential modifiers for the risk of pancreatitis in T2DM modulated PDG proliferation accordingly. We conclude that chronic stimulation and proliferation of the PDG compartment in response to islet inflammation in T2DM is a potentially novel mechanism that serves as a link to the increased risk for pancreatitis in T2DM and may potentially be modified by currently available diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David W Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter C Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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80
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Priyathilaka TT, Oh M, Bathige SDNK, De Zoysa M, Lee J. Two distinct CXC chemokine receptors (CXCR3 and CXCR4) from the big-belly seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis: Molecular perspectives and immune defensive role upon pathogenic stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 65:59-70. [PMID: 28341456 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and 4 (CXCR4) are members of the seven transmembrane G protein coupled receptor family, involved in pivotal physiological functions. In this study, seahorse CXCR3 and CXCR4 (designated as HaCXCR3 and HaCXCR4) cDNA sequences were identified from the transcriptome library and subsequently molecularly characterized. HaCXCR3 and HaCXCR4 encoded 363 and 373 amino acid long polypeptides, respectively. The HaCXCR3 and HaCXCR4 deduced proteins have typical structural features of chemokine receptors, including seven transmembrane domains and a G protein coupled receptors family 1 profile with characteristic DRY motifs. Amino acid sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of these two CXC chemokine receptors revealed a close relationship to their corresponding teleost counterparts. Quantitative real time PCR analysis revealed that HaCXCR3 and HaCXCR4 were ubiquitously expressed in all the tested tissues, with highest expression levels in blood cells. The seahorse blood cells and kidney HaCXCR3 and HaCXCR4 mRNA expressions were differently modulated when challenged with Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, lipopolysaccharide, and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, confirming their involvement in post immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Edwardsiella tarda/physiology
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/genetics
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/immunology
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/veterinary
- Fish Diseases/genetics
- Fish Diseases/immunology
- Fish Diseases/microbiology
- Fish Proteins/chemistry
- Fish Proteins/genetics
- Fish Proteins/metabolism
- Immune System/drug effects
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Phylogeny
- Poly I-C/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR3/chemistry
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/chemistry
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment/veterinary
- Smegmamorpha
- Streptococcal Infections/genetics
- Streptococcal Infections/immunology
- Streptococcal Infections/microbiology
- Streptococcal Infections/veterinary
- Streptococcus iniae/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Oh
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
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81
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Windmüller C, Zech D, Avril S, Boxberg M, Dawidek T, Schmalfeldt B, Schmitt M, Kiechle M, Bronger H. CXCR3 mediates ascites-directed tumor cell migration and predicts poor outcome in ovarian cancer patients. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e331. [PMID: 28504691 PMCID: PMC5523062 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraabdominal tumor dissemination is a major hallmark of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The CXCR3 chemokine receptor supports migration of tumor cells to metastatic sites, but its role in ovarian cancer metastasis is largely unknown. Herein, we first screened two independent cohorts of high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSCs, discovery set n=60, validation set n=117) and 102 metastatic lesions for CXCR3 expression. In primary tumors, CXCR3 was particularly overexpressed by tumor cells at the invasive front. In intraabdominal metastases, tumor cells revealed a strong CXCR3 expression regardless of its expression in the corresponding primary tumor, suggesting a selection of CXCR3-overexpressing cancer cells into peritoneal niches. In support of this, CXCR3 mediated the migration of tumor cell lines OVCAR3 and SKOV3 toward malignant ascites, which was inhibited by a monoclonal anti-CXCR3 antibody in vitro. These results were prospectively validated in ascites-derived tumor cells from EOC patients ex vivo (n=9). Moreover, tumor cell-associated overexpression of CXCR3 in advanced ovarian cancer patients was associated with a reduced progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), which remained independent of optimal debulking, age, FIGO stage and lymph node involvement (PFS: hazard ratio (HR) 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–3.45, P=0.003; OS: HR 2.36, 95% CI 1.50–3.71, P<0.001). These results in ovarian cancer patients identify CXCR3 as a potential new target to confine peritoneal spread in ovarian cancer after primary cytoreductive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Windmüller
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D Zech
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Avril
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Boxberg
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Dawidek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B Schmalfeldt
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Schmitt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Kiechle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - H Bronger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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82
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Xiang Z, Zhou ZJ, Xia GK, Zhang XH, Wei ZW, Zhu JT, Yu J, Chen W, He Y, Schwarz RE, Brekken RA, Awasthi N, Zhang CH. A positive crosstalk between CXCR4 and CXCR2 promotes gastric cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2017; 36:5122-5133. [PMID: 28481874 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying gastric cancer (GC) invasion and metastasis is still poorly understood. In this study, we tried to investigate the roles of CXCR4 and CXCR2 signalings in gastric cancer metastasis. A highly invasive gastric cancer cell model was established. Chemokines receptors were profiled to search for the accountable ones. Then the underlying molecular mechanism was investigated using both in vitro and in vivo techniques, and the clinical relevance of CXCR4 and CXCR2 expression was studied in gastric cancer samples. CXCR4 and CXCR2 were highly expressed in a high invasive gastric cancer cell model and in gastric cancer tissues. Overexpression of CXCR4 and CXCR2 was associated with more advanced tumor stage and poorer survival for GC patients. CXCR4 and CXCR2 expression strongly correlated with each other in the way that CXCR2 expression changed accordingly with the activity of CXCR4 signaling and CXCR4 expression also changed in agreement with CXCR2 activity. Further studies demonstrated CXCR4 and CXCR2 can both activated NF-κB and STAT3 signaling, while NF-κBp65 can then transcriptionally activate CXCR4 and STAT3 can activate CXCR2 expression. This crosstalk between CXCR4 and CXCR2 contributed to EMT, migration and invasion of gastric cancer. Finally, Co-inhibition of CXCR4 and CXCR2 is more effective in reducing gastric cancer metastasis. Our results demonstrated that CXCR4 and CXCR2 cross-activate each other to promote the metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z-J Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - G-K Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X-H Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z-W Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J-T Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - W Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastrointestinal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - R E Schwarz
- Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, and IU Health Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, IN, USA
| | - R A Brekken
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - N Awasthi
- Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, and IU Health Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, IN, USA
| | - C-H Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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83
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Chen L, Yang J, Xing Z, Yuan F, Shu Y, Zhang Y, Kong X, Huang T, Li H, Cai YD. An integrated method for the identification of novel genes related to oral cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175185. [PMID: 28384236 PMCID: PMC5383255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a significant public health problem worldwide. Complete identification of genes related to one type of cancer facilitates earlier diagnosis and effective treatments. In this study, two widely used algorithms, the random walk with restart algorithm and the shortest path algorithm, were adopted to construct two parameterized computational methods, namely, an RWR-based method and an SP-based method; based on these methods, an integrated method was constructed for identifying novel disease genes. To validate the utility of the integrated method, data for oral cancer were used, on which the RWR-based and SP-based methods were trained, thereby building two optimal methods. The integrated method combining these optimal methods was further adopted to identify the novel genes of oral cancer. As a result, 85 novel genes were inferred, among which eleven genes (e.g., MYD88, FGFR2, NF-κBIA) were identified by both the RWR-based and SP-based methods, 70 genes (e.g., BMP4, IFNG, KITLG) were discovered only by the RWR-based method and four genes (L1R1, MCM6, NOG and CXCR3) were predicted only by the SP-based method. Extensive analyses indicate that several novel genes have strong associations with cancers, indicating the effectiveness of the integrated method for identifying disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Xing
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Science & Technology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Shu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - YunHua Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiangYin Kong
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TH); (HPL); (YDC)
| | - HaiPeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TH); (HPL); (YDC)
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TH); (HPL); (YDC)
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84
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Expression of CXCR-4 and IDO in human colorectal cancer: An immunohistochemical approach. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 6:701-704. [PMID: 28515923 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), the receptor for the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 [also known as C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12)], is involved in lymphocyte trafficking. Recent studies have demonstrated that, during pregnancy, a placental enzyme called indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) exerts a key role in suppressing the maternal T-cell response against the fetus. In the present study, the significance of CXCR4 and IDO expression in human colorectal cancer (CRC) has been investigated by immunohistochemical assay, and their association with survival was analyzed. Tumor specimens (n=60) from patients with different American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages of CRC (I or IV) were assessed. In the stage IV group, 23 of 30 cases (77%) stained positive for CXCR4, and 9 of 30 (30%) were positive for IDO. By contrast, in the stage I group, 7 of 30 cases (23%) stained positive for CXCR4, and 15 of 30 cases (50%) were positive for IDO. The 5-year survival rate of those with high CXCR4 expression in tumor specimens (n=30) was significantly worse compared with those with negative CXCR4 expression (16.3 vs. 60.7%, P=0.02). By contrast, the 5-year survival rate of those with high IDO expression in tumor specimens (n=24) was not significantly different compared with those with negative IDO expression (36.4 vs. 56.8%). In the stage I group, 4 patients in the high IDO expression group (n=15) had distant metastases (2 in the liver 1 in the brain, and 1 in the lung). Taken together, CXCR4 appears to be a novel predictive indicator of survival, and IDO expression in the early stage may be a predictor of distant metastasis.
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85
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Butler KL, Clancy-Thompson E, Mullins DW. CXCR3 + monocytes/macrophages are required for establishment of pulmonary metastases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45593. [PMID: 28358049 PMCID: PMC5372355 DOI: 10.1038/srep45593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a new foundational role for CXCR3+ monocytes/macrophages in the process of tumor engraftment in the lung. CXCR3 is associated with monocytic and lymphocytic infiltration of inflamed or tumor-bearing lung. Although the requirement for tumor-expressed CXCR3 in metastatic engraftment has been demonstrated, the role of monocyte-expressed CXCR3 had not been appreciated. In a murine model of metastatic-like melanoma, engraftment was coordinate with CXCR3+ monocyte/macrophage accumulation in the lungs and was sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of CXCR3 signaling. Tumor engraftment to lung was impaired in CXCR3−/− mice, and transient reconstitution with circulating CXCR3-replete monocytes was sufficient to restore engraftment. These data illustrate the paradoxical pro-tumor role for CXCR3 in lung immunobiology wherein the CXCR3 axis drives both the anti-tumor effector cell chemoattraction and pro-tumor infiltration of the lungs and suggests a potential therapeutic target for lung-tropic metastasizing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiah L Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Eleanor Clancy-Thompson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - David W Mullins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Department of Medical Education, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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86
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Jin WJ, Kim B, Kim D, Park Choo HY, Kim HH, Ha H, Lee ZH. NF-κB signaling regulates cell-autonomous regulation of CXCL10 in breast cancer 4T1 cells. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e295. [PMID: 28209986 PMCID: PMC5336559 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3 play a role in breast cancer metastasis to bone and osteoclast activation. However, the mechanism of CXCL10/CXCR3-induced intracellular signaling has not been fully investigated. To evaluate CXCL10-induced cellular events in the mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1, we developed a new synthetic CXCR3 antagonist JN-2. In this study, we observed that secretion of CXCL10 in the supernatant of 4T1 cells was gradually increased during cell growth. JN-2 inhibited basal and CXCL10-induced CXCL10 expression and cell motility in 4T1 cells. Treatment of 4T1 cells with CXCL10 increased the expression of P65, a subunit of the NF-κB pathway, via activation of the NF-κB transcriptional activity. Ectopic overexpression of P65 increased CXCL10 secretion and blunted JN-2-induced suppression of CXCL10 secretion, whereas overexpression of IκBα suppressed CXCL10 secretion. These results indicate that the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis creates a positive feedback loop through the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway in 4T1 cells. In addition, treatment of osteoblasts with conditioned medium from JN-2-treated 4T1 cells inhibited the expression of RANKL, a crucial cytokine for osteoclast differentiation, which resulted in an inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation in the co-culture system of bone marrow-derived macrophages and osteoblasts. Direct intrafemoral injection of 4T1 cells induced severe bone destruction; however, this effect was suppressed by the CXCR3 antagonist via downregulation of P65 expression in an animal model. Collectively, these results suggest that the CXCL10/CXCR3-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway plays a role in the control of autonomous regulation of CXCL10 and malignant tumor properties in breast cancer 4T1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jong Jin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Darong Kim
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Young Park Choo
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunil Ha
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zang Hee Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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87
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You N, Li J, Huang X, Wu K, Tang Y, Wang L, Li H, Mi N, Zheng L. COMMD7 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma through regulating CXCL10. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:653-657. [PMID: 28142122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a heavy threat to public health. However, novel therapeutic and diagnostic method for HCC is still urgently needed thus far. Based on sequence analysis and homology comparison, we previously reported a novel gene termed COMMD7, which is mapped to 20q11.22 and promotes cell proliferation in HCC cells. But the molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-tumor property of COMMD7 are not fully addressed yet. In this study, we demonstrate that the conditional medium derived from COMMD7-overexpressed HCC cell promotes proliferation of naïve HCC cells. The over-expression of COMMD7 significantly induced the migratory and invasive in HCC cells. Mechanistic study found that over-expression of COMMD7 induces C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) expression. Blocking CXCL10 signal transduction by neutralizing antibody abolished COMMD7-mediated cell proliferation and migration. In conclusion, COMMD7 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma through regulating CXCL10. The present data suggests a potential role of CXCL10 in the oncogenic function of COMMD7, and will lead to a better understanding of the development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yichen Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Na Mi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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88
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Wang XQ, Tao BB, Li B, Wang XH, Zhang WC, Wan L, Hua XM, Li ST. Overexpression of TREM2 enhances glioma cell proliferation and invasion: a therapeutic target in human glioma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2354-66. [PMID: 26506595 PMCID: PMC4823040 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common and aggressive type of primary adult brain tumors. Although TREM2 mutation is reported to be related to Nasu-Hakola disease and Alzheimer's disease, little is known about the association between TREM2 and gliomas. Here, we reported that TREM2 was significantly overexpressed in glioma tissues compared with non-tumorous brain tissues. Furthermore, TREM2 expression was closely related to pathological grade and overall survival of patients with gliomas. Down-regulation of TREM2 in two glioma cell lines, U87 and U373, resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation, migration and invasion and a dramatic increase in S phase arrest and apoptosis. In vivo tumorigenesis experiment also revealed that depletion of TREM2 expression inhibited U87 cell proliferation. Moreover, based on gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, we found that TREM2 was positive related to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) apoptosis, Cromer metastasis and KEGG chemokine pathways, which was further validated by western blot in TREM2 knockdown glioma cells and indicated a possible mechanism underlying its effects on glioma. In summary, our study suggests that TREM2 may work as an oncogene and a new effective therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bang-Bao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Chuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Ming Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Ting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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89
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Milanos L, Saleh N, Kling RC, Kaindl J, Tschammer N, Clark T. Identification of Two Distinct Sites for Antagonist and Biased Agonist Binding to the Human Chemokine Receptor CXCR3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lampros Milanos
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nägelsbachstr. 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Medicinal Chemistry; Emil Fischer Center; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Noureldin Saleh
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nägelsbachstr. 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ralf C. Kling
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nägelsbachstr. 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
- Institute of Physiology; Paracelsus Medical University Nürnberg; Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1 90419 Nürnberg Germany
| | - Jonas Kaindl
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nägelsbachstr. 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Nuska Tschammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Medicinal Chemistry; Emil Fischer Center; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
- Research and Development; NanoTemper Technologies GmbH; Floessergasse 4 81369 München Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nägelsbachstr. 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
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90
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Milanos L, Saleh N, Kling RC, Kaindl J, Tschammer N, Clark T. Identification of Two Distinct Sites for Antagonist and Biased Agonist Binding to the Human Chemokine Receptor CXCR3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15277-15281. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lampros Milanos
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nägelsbachstr. 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Medicinal Chemistry; Emil Fischer Center; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Noureldin Saleh
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nägelsbachstr. 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ralf C. Kling
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nägelsbachstr. 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
- Institute of Physiology; Paracelsus Medical University Nürnberg; Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1 90419 Nürnberg Germany
| | - Jonas Kaindl
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nägelsbachstr. 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Nuska Tschammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Medicinal Chemistry; Emil Fischer Center; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
- Research and Development; NanoTemper Technologies GmbH; Floessergasse 4 81369 München Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nägelsbachstr. 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
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91
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CXCR3 as a molecular target in breast cancer metastasis: inhibition of tumor cell migration and promotion of host anti-tumor immunity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43408-19. [PMID: 26485767 PMCID: PMC4791240 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors have critical roles in cancer metastasis and have emerged as one of the targeting options in cancer therapy. However, the treatment efficacy on both tumor and host compartments needs to be carefully evaluated. Here we report that targeting CXCR3 decreased tumor cell migration and at the same time improved host anti-tumor immunity. We observed an increased expression of CXCR3 in metastatic tumor cells compared to those from non-metastatic tumor cells. Knockdown (KD) of CXCR3 in metastatic tumor cells suppressed tumor cell migration and metastasis. Importantly, CXCR3 expression in clinical breast cancer samples correlated with progression and metastasis. For the host compartment, deletion of CXCR3 in all host cells in 4T1 mammary tumor model significantly decreased metastasis. The underlying mechanisms involve a decreased expression of IL-4, IL-10, iNOs, and Arg-1 in myeloid cells and an increased T cell response. IFN-γ neutralization diminished the metastasis inhibition in the CXCR3 knockout (KO) mice bearing 4T1 tumors, suggesting a critical role of host CXCR3 in immune suppression. Consistently, targeting CXCR3 using a small molecular inhibitor (AMG487) significantly suppressed metastasis and improved host anti-tumor immunity. Our findings demonstrate that targeting CXCR3 is effective in both tumor and host compartments, and suggest that CXCR3 inhibition is likely to avoid adverse effects on host cells.
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92
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Di Maro S, Trotta AM, Brancaccio D, Di Leva FS, La Pietra V, Ieranò C, Napolitano M, Portella L, D'Alterio C, Siciliano RA, Sementa D, Tomassi S, Carotenuto A, Novellino E, Scala S, Marinelli L. Exploring the N-Terminal Region of C-X-C Motif Chemokine 12 (CXCL12): Identification of Plasma-Stable Cyclic Peptides As Novel, Potent C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4 (CXCR4) Antagonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8369-80. [PMID: 27571038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported the discovery of a CXCL12-mimetic cyclic peptide (2) as a selective CXCR4 antagonist showing promising in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. However, further development of this peptide was hampered by its degradation in biological fluids as well as by its low micromolar affinity for the receptor. Herein, extensive chemical modifications led to the development of a new analogue (10) with enhanced potency, specificity, and plasma stability. A combined approach of Ala-amino acid scan, NMR, and molecular modeling unraveled the reasons behind the improved binding properties of 10 vs 2. Biological investigations on leukemia (CEM) and colon (HT29 and HCT116) cancer cell lines showed that 10 is able to impair CXCL12-mediated cell migration, ERK-phosphorylation, and CXCR4 internalization. These outcomes might pave the way for the future preclinical development of 10 in CXCR4 overexpressing leukemia and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Di Maro
- DiSTABiF, Second University of Naples , Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Trotta
- Genomica Funzionale, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS-ITALY , Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Dipartimento di Agraria (QuaSic.A.Tec.), Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria , Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Di Leva
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria La Pietra
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Ieranò
- Genomica Funzionale, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS-ITALY , Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Napolitano
- Genomica Funzionale, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS-ITALY , Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Portella
- Genomica Funzionale, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS-ITALY , Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Crescenzo D'Alterio
- Genomica Funzionale, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS-ITALY , Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Anna Siciliano
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, CNR , Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Deborah Sementa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Tomassi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Genomica Funzionale, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS-ITALY , Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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93
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Venero Galanternik M, Stratman AN, Jung HM, Butler MG, Weinstein BM. Building the drains: the lymphatic vasculature in health and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 5:689-710. [PMID: 27576003 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature is comprised of a network of endothelial vessels found in close proximity to but separated from the blood vasculature. An essential tissue component of all vertebrates, lymphatics are responsible for the maintenance of fluid homeostasis, dissemination of immune cells, and lipid reabsorption under healthy conditions. When lymphatic vessels are impaired due to invasive surgery, genetic disorders, or parasitic infections, severe fluid build-up accumulates in the affected tissues causing a condition known as lymphedema. Malignant tumors can also directly activate lymphangiogenesis and use these vessels to promote the spread of metastatic cells. Although their first description goes back to the times of Hippocrates, with subsequent anatomical characterization at the beginning of the 20th-century, the lack of identifying molecular markers and tools to visualize these translucent vessels meant that investigation of lymphatic vessels fell well behind research of blood vessels. However, after years under the shadow of the blood vasculature, recent advances in imaging technologies and new genetic and molecular tools have accelerated the pace of research on lymphatic vessel development. These new tools have facilitated both work in classical mammalian models and the emergence of new powerful vertebrate models like zebrafish, quickly driving the field of lymphatic development back into the spotlight. In this review, we summarize the highlights of recent research on the development and function of the lymphatic vascular network in health and disease. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:689-710. doi: 10.1002/wdev.246 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Venero Galanternik
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amber N Stratman
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyun Min Jung
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew G Butler
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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94
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Flores RJ, Kelly AJ, Li Y, Nakka M, Barkauskas DA, Krailo M, Wang LL, Perlaky L, Lau CC, Hicks MJ, Man TK. A novel prognostic model for osteosarcoma using circulating CXCL10 and FLT3LG. Cancer 2016; 123:144-154. [PMID: 27529817 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant pediatric bone tumor. The identification of novel biomarkers for early prognostication will facilitate risk-based stratification and therapy. This study investigated the significance of circulating cytokines/chemokines for predicting the prognosis at the initial diagnosis. METHODS Luminex assays were used to measure cytokine/chemokine concentrations in blood samples from a discovery cohort of OS patients from Texas Children's Hospital (n = 37) and an independent validation cohort obtained from the Children's Oncology Group (n = 233). After the validation of the biomarkers, a multivariate model was constructed to stratify the patients into risk groups. RESULTS The circulating concentrations of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3LG), interferon γ (IFNG), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4) were significantly associated with overall survival in both cohorts. Among these candidates, CXCL10 and FLT3LG were independent of the existing prognostic factor, metastasis at diagnosis, and CCL4 further discriminated cancer cases from controls. CXCL10, FLT3LG, and the metastatic status at diagnosis were combined to develop a multivariate model that significantly stratified the patients into 4 distinct risk groups (P = 1.6 × 10-8 ). The survival analysis showed that the 5-year overall survival rates for the low-, intermediate-, high-, and very high-risk groups were 77%, 54%, 47%, and 10%, respectively, whereas the 5-year event-free survival rates were 64%, 47%, 27%, and 0%, respectively. Neither CXCL10 nor FLT3LG tumor expression was significantly associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS High circulating levels of CXCL10 and FLT3LG predicted worse survival for patients with OS. Because both CXCL10 and FL3LG axes are potentially targetable, further study may lead to novel risk-based stratification and therapy for OS. Cancer 2017;144-154. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Flores
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron J Kelly
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yiting Li
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Manjula Nakka
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Donald A Barkauskas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Children's Oncology Group, Monrovia, California
| | - Mark Krailo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Children's Oncology Group, Monrovia, California
| | - Lisa L Wang
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Laszlo Perlaky
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ching C Lau
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - M John Hicks
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tsz-Kwong Man
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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95
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Sun KH, Sun GH, Wu YC, Ko BJ, Hsu HT, Wu ST. TNF-α augments CXCR2 and CXCR3 to promote progression of renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:2020-2028. [PMID: 27297979 PMCID: PMC5082409 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the tumour microenvironment, a complex network of chemokines and their receptors affects the initiation and progression of tumours. The higher levels of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) are associated with tumour progression and an anti‐TNF‐α monoclonal antibody has been used successfully to treat patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the role of chemokines and their receptors in the TNF‐α‐promoted progression of RCC remains unclear. In this study, TNF‐α was found to enhance the migration, invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RCC cells. To further investigate the molecular mechanism of TNF‐α on the progression of RCC, reverse transcription and quantitative PCR was used to screen chemokines and chemokine receptors that were associated with tumorigenesis. The results showed that TNF‐α significantly increased the expressions of CXCR2 and CXCR3 and their related ligands in RCC cells. Subsequently, we used a lentiviral shRNA system to knockdown the expression of CXCR2 and/or CXCR3 in RCC cells. CXCR2 and CXCR3 silencing inhibited the induction of Slug and ZEB‐1 with TNF‐α treatment of RCC cells. In addition, the knockdown of both CXCR2 and CXCR3 resulted in a greater decrease in cell migration, invasion and clonogenic ability compared with either CXCR2 or CXCR3 knockdown alone. Moreover, CXCR2 and CXCR3 silencing significantly reduced the sphere‐forming ability of RCC cells. High expression levels of CXCR2 and CXCR3 in cancer tissues correlated with tumour progression of renal cell carcinoma. These findings suggest that TNF‐α augments CXCR2 and CXCR3 to promote the progression of renal cell carcinoma leading to a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hui Sun
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Huan Sun
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Jiun Ko
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Tzu Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tang Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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96
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Rezakhaniha B, Dormanesh B, Pirasteh H, Yahaghi E, Masoumi B, Ziari K, Rahmani O. Immunohistochemical distinction of metastases of renal cell carcinoma with molecular analysis of overexpression of the chemokines CXCR2 and CXCR3 as independent positive prognostic factors for the tumorigenesis. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:629-33. [PMID: 27273823 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents, on average, over 90% of all malignancies of the kidney that occur in adults in both sexes. Chemokine receptors expression has been found in many kinds of cancer and at tumor metastasis site. We determined CXCR2 and CXCR3 expression in RCC by immunohistochemistry method and analyzed the prognostic value of these markers. Our finding demonstrated that CXCR3 were highly overexpressed in renal cancer tissues compared with those adjacent normal kidney tissues (P < 0.001). The results showed that high expression of CXCR3 was markedly correlated with metastasis (P = 0.021) and tumor stage (P = 0.031). CXCR2 were overexpressed in renal cancer tissues compared with those adjacent normal kidney tissues (P < 0.001). Our result showed that CXCR2 expression was correlated with high grade (P = 0.024), advanced stage (P = 0.029) and metastasis (P = 0.018). The log-rank test revealed that high CXCR2 and CXCR3 expressions are related to poorer overall survival (P < 0.001; P < 0.001). In conclusion, this study indicates the correlation of CXCR3 and CXCR3 with progression of RCC. In addition, high CXCR3 andCXCR2 expressions were correlated with shorter overall survival. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(8):629-633, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Rezakhaniha
- Department of Urology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafshe Dormanesh
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Pirasteh
- Department of Nephrology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Yahaghi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Masoumi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Katayoun Ziari
- Department of Pathology, Be'sat Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Rahmani
- Department of Pathology, Be'sat Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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97
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CXCL10/CXCR3 axis promotes the invasion of gastric cancer via PI3K/AKT pathway-dependent MMPs production. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:479-88. [PMID: 27470388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR3, a G-protein coupled chemokine receptor, has been found to be overexpressed in many tumors and act as an independent prognostic marker. However, it is still unclear whether CXCR3 is involved in gastric cancer progression. In this study, we found that CXCR3 was markedly expressed in gastric cancer cells and tissues. High CXCR3 expression correlated with advanced tumor stage, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis and poor survival of gastric cancer patients. Activation of CXCR3 by one of its ligands CXCL10 promoted the invasion and migration of gastric cancer BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells, and increased the secretion and activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. However, the effects of CXCL10 on gastric cancer cells were attenuated by CXCR3 siRNA transfection. Furthermore, overexpression of CXCR3 enhanced CXCL10-mediated cell invasion and migration of gastric cancer MKN28 cells. In addition, CXCR3 time-dependently induced activation of AKT. PI3K/AKT pathway was required for CXCR3-mediated gastric cancer cell invasion, migration and MMP-2/9 production. Together, our findings suggest that CXCL10/CXCR3 axis promotes gastric cancer cell invasion and migration by upregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 production via PI3K/AKT pathway. Thus, CXCR3 could be a potential target for the gastric cancer treatment.
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98
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The Role of Chemokines in Promoting Colorectal Cancer Invasion/Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050643. [PMID: 27136535 PMCID: PMC4881469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Although most of the primary CRC can be removed by surgical resection, advanced tumors sometimes show recurrences in distant organs such as the liver, lung, lymph node, bone or peritoneum even after complete resection of the primary tumors. In these advanced and metastatic CRC, it is the tumor-stroma interaction in the tumor microenvironment that often promotes cancer invasion and/or metastasis through chemokine signaling. The tumor microenvironment contains numerous host cells that may suppress or promote cancer aggressiveness. Several types of host-derived myeloid cells reside in the tumor microenvironment, and the recruitment of them is under the control of chemokine signaling. In this review, we focus on the functions of chemokine signaling that may affect tumor immunity by recruiting several types of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC) to the tumor microenvironment of CRC.
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99
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Milanos L, Brox R, Frank T, Poklukar G, Palmisano R, Waibel R, Einsiedel J, Dürr M, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Larsen O, Hjortø GM, Rosenkilde MM, Tschammer N. Discovery and Characterization of Biased Allosteric Agonists of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2222-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lampros Milanos
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regine Brox
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Theresa Frank
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gašper Poklukar
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ralf Palmisano
- Optical
Imaging Center Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University, Hartmannstraße
14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reiner Waibel
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Einsiedel
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dürr
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Bioorganic Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander University, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Bioorganic Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander University, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olav Larsen
- Department
of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Gertrud Malene Hjortø
- Department
of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- Department
of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nuska Tschammer
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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100
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Bai M, Chen X, Ba YI. CXCL10/CXCR3 overexpression as a biomarker of poor prognosis in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 4:23-30. [PMID: 26870351 PMCID: PMC4726926 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis of inflammatory mediators is one of the most important groups of chemokine axes, which has been proven to be a lymphocyte-associated metastasis mediator in several tumors. The term inflammatory adhesions refers to tumors found to be attached to the surrouding tissues during surgery, although no cancer cell infiltration is later identified on pathological examination. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) and determine the correlation between the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis, inflammatory adhesions and prognosis. Clinicohistopathological data were collected from 401 CRC patients who had undergone R0 resection. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 17.0 software. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to measure the expression of CXCL10 and CXCR3 in 71 recurrent CRC patients, 72 non-recurrent CRC patients and 10 samples from normal peritumoral tissues, all retrieved from the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. Inflammatory adhesions, tumor location and size and the number of high-risk factors for reccurrence were more significantly associated with overall survival (OS) rather than disease-free survival in all the patients as determined by the log-rank and Cox's regression hazard analysis. Further analysis demonstrated that only the presence of inflammatory adhesions (P=0.025) was associated with the OS of recurrent patients. Patients with recurrence exhibited higher CXCR3 (P<0.001) and CXCL10 (P<0.001) expression compared with non-recurrent patients, as determined by IHC. The correlation between clinicopathological variables, CXCL10/CXCR3 expression and survival was also analyzed: Inflammatory adhesions and general tumor type (ulcerated vs. elevated) exhibited a significant correlation with CXCR3; however, the expression of CXCL10 was not significantly correlated with tumor location, histological type, size, gender, or preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen and hemoglobin levels. Furthermore, patients exhibiting a high expression of CXCR3 presented with a higher risk of relapse; among those, patients with inflammatory adhesions always exhibited worse survival. However, no such association was identified for CXCL10 expression. In conclusion, CXCR3 expression may be used as a prognostic marker and may contribute to the prediction of clinical outcome in stage II CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Center, Institute of hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300041, P.R. China
| | - Y I Ba
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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