Tamura A, Yui N. β-Cyclodextrin-threaded biocleavable polyrotaxanes ameliorate impaired autophagic flux in Niemann-Pick type C disease.
J Biol Chem 2015;
290:9442-54. [PMID:
25713067 DOI:
10.1074/jbc.m115.636803]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of cholesterols and impaired autophagic flux due to the inhibited fusion of autophagosomes to lysosomes. We have recently developed β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-threaded biocleavable polyrotaxanes (PRXs), which can release threaded β-CDs in response to intracellular environments as a therapeutic for NPC disease. The biocleavable PRXs exhibited effective cholesterol reduction ability and negligible toxic effect compared with hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD). In this study, we investigated the effect of biocleavable PRX and HP-β-CD on the impaired autophagy in NPC disease. The NPC patient-derived fibroblasts (NPC1 fibroblasts) showed an increase in the number of LC3-positive puncta compared with normal fibroblasts, even in the basal conditions; the HP-β-CD treatment markedly increased the number of LC3-positive puncta and the levels of p62 in NPC1 fibroblasts, indicating that autophagic flux was further perturbed. In sharp contrast, the biocleavable PRX reduced the number of LC3-positive puncta and the levels of p62 in NPC1 fibroblasts through an mTOR-independent mechanism. The mRFP-GFP-LC3 reporter gene expression experiments revealed that the biocleavable PRX facilitated the formation of autolysosomes to allow for autophagic protein degradation. Therefore, the β-CD-threaded biocleavable PRXs may be promising therapeutics for ameliorating not only cholesterol accumulation but also autophagy impairment in NPC disease.
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