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Maziarz MP, Preisendanz S, Juma S, Imrhan V, Prasad C, Vijayagopal P. Resistant starch lowers postprandial glucose and leptin in overweight adults consuming a moderate-to-high-fat diet: a randomized-controlled trial. Nutr J 2017; 16:14. [PMID: 28222742 PMCID: PMC5320660 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-amylose maize resistant starch type 2 (HAM-RS2) stimulates gut-derived satiety peptides and reduces adiposity in animals. Human studies have not supported these findings despite improvements in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity after HAM-RS2 intake which can lower adiposity-related disease risk. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of HAM-RS2 consumption on blood glucose homeostasis in overweight, healthy adults. We also examined changes in biomarkers of satiety (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1], peptide YY [PYY], and leptin) and body composition determined by anthropometrics and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, dietary intake, and subjective satiety measured by a visual analogue scale following HAM-RS2 consumption. Methods Using a randomized-controlled, parallel-arm, double-blind design, 18 overweight, healthy adults consumed either muffins enriched with 30 g HAM-RS2 (n = 11) or 0 g HAM-RS2 (control; n = 7) daily for 6 weeks. The HAM-RS2 and control muffins were similar in total calories and available carbohydrate. Results At baseline, total PYY concentrations were significantly higher 120 min following the consumption of study muffins in the HAM-RS2 group than control group (P = 0.043). Within the HAM-RS2 group, the area under the curve (AUC) glucose (P = 0.028), AUC leptin (P = 0.022), and postprandial 120-min leptin (P = 0.028) decreased independent of changes in body composition or overall energy intake at the end of 6 weeks. Fasting total PYY increased (P = 0.033) in the HAM-RS2 group, but changes in insulin or total GLP-1 were not observed. Mean overall change in subjective satiety score did not correlate with mean AUC biomarker changes suggesting the satiety peptides did not elicit a satiation response or change in overall total caloric intake. The metabolic response from HAM-RS2 occurred despite the habitual intake of a moderate-to-high-fat diet (mean range 34.5% to 39.4% of total calories). Conclusion Consuming 30 g HAM-RS2 daily for 6 weeks can improve glucose homeostasis, lower leptin concentrations, and increase fasting PYY in healthy overweight adults without impacting body composition and may aid in the prevention of chronic disease. However, between-group differences in biomarkers were not observed and future research is warranted before specific recommendations can be made. Trial registration None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy Patterson Maziarz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Texas Woman's University, 6700 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sara Preisendanz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, P.O Box 425888, Denton, TX, 76204, USA
| | - Shanil Juma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, P.O Box 425888, Denton, TX, 76204, USA
| | - Victorine Imrhan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, P.O Box 425888, Denton, TX, 76204, USA
| | - Chandan Prasad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, P.O Box 425888, Denton, TX, 76204, USA.,Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Parakat Vijayagopal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, P.O Box 425888, Denton, TX, 76204, USA.
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Zhang XY, Lou MF, Shen W, Fu RS, Wang DH. A Maternal Low-Fiber Diet Predisposes Offspring to Improved Metabolic Phenotypes in Adulthood in an Herbivorous Rodent. Physiol Biochem Zool 2017; 90:75-84. [DOI: 10.1086/688978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Li Q, Liu R, Wu T, Wang M, Zhang M. Soluble Dietary Fiber Fractions in Wheat Bran and Their Interactions with Wheat Gluten Have Impacts on Dough Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8735-8744. [PMID: 27744696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Six soluble dietary fiber (SDF) fractions were prepared via stepwise ethanol precipitation from natural and fermented wheat bran. The chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, and glycosidic linkage and substitution pattern of each SDF fraction were elucidated by sugar analysis, periodate oxidation and Smith degradation, molecular determination, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The impacts of SDF fractions on the rheological properties and morphologies of doughs were investigated by farinography, rheometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to clarify the relationship between the microstructural features of SDF fractions and the macroscopic properties of SDF-containing doughs. The interactions between SDF fractions and wheat glutens in doughs were further studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The experimental results indicated that the SDF fraction with an intermediate molecular weight but a higher substitution degree and a larger disubstitution ratio was most compatible with the dough network and beneficial to dough quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Man Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center , Tianjin 300457, China
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Bamboo shoot fiber prevents obesity in mice by modulating the gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32953. [PMID: 27599699 PMCID: PMC5013436 DOI: 10.1038/srep32953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber has been shown to prevent high-fat diet induced obesity through modulating the gut microbiota; however, quality difference in fiber type is largely unknown. We performed a 6 week study on C57BL/6J mice fed a macronutrient matched high-fat diet with different fiber types including cellulose (HFC), bamboo shoot fiber (HFBS) and several other commonly consumed fibers. Our results showed that the HFBS group exhibited the lowest weight gain among all diet groups and had improved lipid profiles and glycemic control compared with the HFC group. As revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, loss of diversity in the gut microbiota induced by the HFC diet was largely prevented by the HFBS diet. Moreover, compared with the HFC diet, the HFBS diet resulted in markedly increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and strong inhibition of Verrucomicrobia, two divisions strongly correlated with body weight. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence of a quality difference among different types of dietary fibers and shows that bamboo shoot fiber is the most effective in suppressing high-fat diet induced obesity. Our findings indicate that bamboo shoot fiber is a potential prebiotic fiber which modulates the gut microbiota and improves host metabolism.
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Zhang R, Jiao J, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Qin LQ, Han SF. Effects of cereal fiber on leptin resistance and sensitivity in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat/cholesterol diet. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:31690. [PMID: 27534844 PMCID: PMC4989175 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.31690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cereal fiber is reported to be associated with obesity and metabolic diseases. However, whether cereal fiber improves leptin resistance and sensitivity remains unclear. DESIGN For 24 weeks, 48 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly given a normal chow diet (Chow), high-fat/cholesterol diet (HFD), HFD with 0.8% oat fiber (H-oat) or HFD with 0.8% wheat bran fiber (H-wheat). At the end of feeding period, both the serum insulin and leptin levels were determined by ELISA kits. Western blotting was used to assess the protein expressions of the leptin receptor (LepR) and the leptin-signaling pathway in the adipose tissues. RESULTS Our results suggested that mice fed oat or wheat bran fiber exhibited lower body weight, serum lipids, as well as insulin and leptin levels. The two cereal fibers potently increased the protein expressions of LepR in the adipose tissue. In addition, protein expressions of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and transcription 3 (STAT3) (induced by LepR), which enhances leptin signaling, were significantly higher and the expression of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3), which inhibits leptin signaling, was significantly lower in the two cereal fiber groups than in the HFD group. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings suggest that cereal fiber can improve leptin resistance and sensitivity by the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in C57BL/6J mice fed a HFD; furthermore, oat fiber is more effective in the improvement of leptin sensitivity than wheat bran fiber, in this murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- DSM Nutritional Products Human Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China;
| | - Shu-Fen Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China;
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Han SF, Jiao J, Zhang W, Xu JY, Zhang W, Fu CL, Qin LQ. Lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissues as new potential mechanisms for metabolic benefits of dietary fiber. Nutrition 2016; 33:118-124. [PMID: 27461561 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary fiber consumption is associated with reduced risk for the development of noncommunicable diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cereal dietary fiber on the levels of proteins involved in lipolysis and thermogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) of C57 BL/6 J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed normal chow diet (Chow), HFD, HFD plus oat fiber (H-oat), or HFD plus wheat bran fiber (H-wheat) for 24 wk. Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly. Serum adiponectin was assayed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Western blotting was used to assess the protein expressions of adipose triacylglycerol lipase (ATGL), cAMP protein kinase catalytic subunit (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), perilipin A, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), β3-adrenergic receptor (β3AR), and proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 α (PGC-1 α) in the WAT and BAT. RESULTS At the end of the feeding period, body and adipose tissues weight in both H-oat and H-wheat groups were lower than in the HFD group. Mice in the H-oat and H-wheat groups showed an increasing trend in serum adiponectin level. Compared with the HFD group, cereal dietary fiber increased protein expressions involved in the lipolysis and browning process. Compared with the H-wheat group, H-oat was more effective in protein expressions of PKA, PGC-1 α, and UCP1 of the WAT samples. Compared with the H-oat group, H-wheat was more effective in protein expressions of PKA, ATGL, UCP1, β3AR, and FGF-21 of the BAT samples. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggested that cereal dietary fiber enhanced adipocyte lipolysis by the cAMP-PKA-HSL pathway and promoted WAT browning by activation of UCP1, and consequently reduced visceral fat mass in response to HFD feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- DSM Nutritional Products Human Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Ling Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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