51
|
Kang YT, Kim YJ, Lee TH, Cho YH, Chang HJ, Lee HM. Cytopathological Study of the Circulating Tumor Cells filtered from the Cancer Patients' Blood using Hydrogel-based Cell Block Formation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15218. [PMID: 30315187 PMCID: PMC6185971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells have emerged as biomarkers for estimating the tumor burden and metastatic potential of cancer patients. However, to date, most of studies and applications of circulating tumor cells have been conducted and applied to epithelial cancers such as breast, colorectal, and prostate tumor. The only FDA-cleared method, CellSearch, makes use of antibody against epithelial surface protein expressed on CTCs, thus obstructing wide application for various cancers with non-epithelial and semi-epithelial characteristics including renal cell carcinoma. Due to rarity and ambiguity of CTCs, designed experiment including non-biased CTC isolation and subsequent cytopathological study for finding applicable immunomarkers are urgently needed for clinical use of CTCs for less-studied cancers. Here, in order to construct the fundamental step for CTC diagnosis without limitation of its epithelial characteristics, we present the simple and novel method which incorporate both label-free CTC isolation and pathological study using hydrogel-based cell block formation. Six cell lines from lung, ovarian, kidney cancers were used to make cell block and analyzed by conventional immunocytochemical staining method to find the candidate markers for CTC. Especially for renal cancer, the physically isolated CTCs were further immunocytochemically examined with the screened candidate markers by cell block construction, and verified their clinical utility using blood samples from patients with renal cell carcinoma. This comprehensive study demonstrates that the present approach can be used to find the potential markers for any type of cancers regardless of their epithelial characteristics and isolate the specific type of CTCs in label-free manners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Tae Kang
- Cell Bench Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, 48109-2800, United States.
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Cell Bench Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- Cell Bench Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Cho
- Cell Bench Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Jin Chang
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Moo Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Rambach RW, Biswas P, Yadav A, Garstecki P, Franke T. Fast selective trapping and release of picoliter droplets in a 3D microfluidic PDMS multi-trap system with bubbles. Analyst 2018; 143:843-849. [PMID: 29234760 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01100h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The selective manipulation and incubation of individual picoliter drops in high-throughput droplet based microfluidic devices still remains challenging. We used a surface acoustic wave (SAW) to induce a bubble in a 3D designed multi-trap polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device to manipulate multiple droplets and demonstrate the selection, incubation and on-demand release of aqueous droplets from a continuous oil flow. By controlling the position of the acoustic actuation, individual droplets are addressed and selectively released from a droplet stream of 460 drops per s. A complete trapping and releasing cycle can be as short as 70 ms and has no upper limit for incubation time. We characterize the fluidic function of the hybrid device in terms of electric power, pulse duration and acoustic path.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Rambach
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics Group, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Negishi R, Takai K, Tanaka T, Matsunaga T, Yoshino T. High-Throughput Manipulation of Circulating Tumor Cells Using a Multiple Single-Cell Encapsulation System with a Digital Micromirror Device. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9734-9741. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Negishi
- Division of Biotechnology and Life science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kaori Takai
- Division of Biotechnology and Life science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsunaga
- Division of Biotechnology and Life science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshino
- Division of Biotechnology and Life science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Song T, Mao F, Shi L, Xu X, Wu Z, Zhou J, Xiao M. Urinary measurement of circulating tumor DNA for treatment monitoring and prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 57:268-275. [PMID: 30016269 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Solid tumor tissue testing is the gold standard for molecular-based assays for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This poses challenges during treatment monitoring. Total DNA derived from urine specimens offers clear advantages to track the disease dynamics. Our study aims to evaluate the sensitivity for total DNA recovered from urine and its clinical relevance to mCRC.
Methods
KRAS mutations in urine specimens were examined in 150 mCRC patients. Baseline concordance was established to determined clinical relevance. The total DNA quantities were also prospectively examined in serial samplings during treatment.
Results
Analysis of the genetic mutations showed good agreement for baseline samples. Matched tumor and urine specimens’ molecular profiles were observed to have 90% concordance. Comparing with healthy volunteers, we established a cutoff of 8.15 ng that demonstrated elevated total DNA levels was associated with mCRC patients (sensitivity: 90.7%; specificity: 82.0%). For patients treated with chemotherapy or anti-epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, DNA quantity mirrored early treatment response. Survival analysis showed that patients with sustained elevated quantities of KRAS mutations had poorer outcome.
Conclusions
Total urine DNA offers a viable complement for mutation profiling in mCRC patients, given the good agreement with matched tumor samples. Our study also established that this is specific based on the results from healthy individuals. Serial monitoring of total DNA levels allowed early prediction to treatment response and was effective to identify high risk patients. This is potentially useful to complement current disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital , Hubei University of Medicine , Xiangyang , P.R. China
| | - Fei Mao
- Department of Urology, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital , Hubei University of Medicine , Xiangyang , P.R. China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital , Hubei University of Medicine , Xiangyang , P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital , Hubei University of Medicine , Xiangyang , P.R. China
| | - Zirong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital , Hubei University of Medicine , Xiangyang , P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital , Hubei University of Medicine , Xiangyang , P.R. China
| | - Meifang Xiao
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hainan Province , Longkun Road 75 , 570206 Haikou , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Progress in Circulating Tumor Cell Research Using Microfluidic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9070353. [PMID: 30424286 PMCID: PMC6082257 DOI: 10.3390/mi9070353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a popular topic in cancer research because they can be obtained by liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive procedure with more sample accessibility than tissue biopsy, to monitor a patient’s condition. Over the past decades, CTC research has covered a wide variety of topics such as enumeration, profiling, and correlation between CTC number and patient overall survival. It is important to isolate and enrich CTCs before performing CTC analysis because CTCs in the blood stream are very rare (0–10 CTCs/mL of blood). Among the various approaches to separating CTCs, here, we review the research trends in the isolation and analysis of CTCs using microfluidics. Microfluidics provides many attractive advantages for CTC studies such as continuous sample processing to reduce target cell loss and easy integration of various functions into a chip, making “do-everything-on-a-chip” possible. However, tumor cells obtained from different sites within a tumor exhibit heterogenetic features. Thus, heterogeneous CTC profiling should be conducted at a single-cell level after isolation to guide the optimal therapeutic path. We describe the studies on single-CTC analysis based on microfluidic devices. Additionally, as a critical concern in CTC studies, we explain the use of CTCs in cancer research, despite their rarity and heterogeneity, compared with other currently emerging circulating biomarkers, including exosomes and cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Finally, the commercialization of products for CTC separation and analysis is discussed.
Collapse
|
56
|
Hu T, Shen H, Huang H, Song M, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Zhao G. Urinary circulating DNA profiling in non-small cell lung cancer patients following treatment shows prognostic potential. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:4137-4146. [PMID: 30174858 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.06.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Disease relapse in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) requires close monitoring for early detection. The aim of the current study examines the use of urinary circulating DNA for patients after first line therapies. Methods EGFR positive NSCLC patients in stages I-III were profiled using digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Urinary circulating DNA was collected prior to treatment and all monitored patients had detectable EGFR mutations. Post treatment urinary DNA measurements were taken at multiple time intervals. Results were matched to disease-free survival. Results Among the 213 patients recruited, 130 had matched EGFR profiles to corresponding tumor tissues. Concentrations of mutant DNA varied with different patients and mean concentration was 220±237 copies/mL. Measurements taken post-treatment showed a significant number of patients with undetectable EGFR mutations in their urine samples. Other patients registered a significant decline in urinary DNA concentrations. For measurements taken post treatment (6-month), we observed a significant increase of positively identified EGFR mutations in urine samples. In the patient group with higher urinary DNA concentration, 91% of the cohort experienced recurrence. Conclusions Our results indicated that urinary DNA measurements can potentially be useful for disease monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) in NSCLC. This can complement current serial radiographic imaging to provide early detection for lung cancer relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjun Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Haibo Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Hongbo Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Meijun Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Zhenghua Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Guofang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Marie R, Pødenphant M, Koprowska K, Bærlocher L, Vulders RCM, Wilding J, Ashley N, McGowan SJ, van Strijp D, van Hemert F, Olesen T, Agersnap N, Bilenberg B, Sabatel C, Schira J, Kristensen A, Bodmer W, van der Zaag PJ, Mir KU. Sequencing of human genomes extracted from single cancer cells isolated in a valveless microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1891-1902. [PMID: 29873383 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00169c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sequencing the genomes of individual cells enables the direct determination of genetic heterogeneity amongst cells within a population. We have developed an injection-moulded valveless microfluidic device in which single cells from colorectal cancer derived cell lines (LS174T, LS180 and RKO) and fresh colorectal tumors have been individually trapped, their genomes extracted and prepared for sequencing using multiple displacement amplification (MDA). Ninety nine percent of the DNA sequences obtained mapped to a reference human genome, indicating that there was effectively no contamination of these samples from non-human sources. In addition, most of the reads are correctly paired, with a low percentage of singletons (0.17 ± 0.06%) and we obtain genome coverages approaching 90%. To achieve this high quality, our device design and process shows that amplification can be conducted in microliter volumes as long as the lysis is in sub-nanoliter volumes. Our data thus demonstrates that high quality whole genome sequencing of single cells can be achieved using a relatively simple, inexpensive and scalable device. Detection of genetic heterogeneity at the single cell level, as we have demonstrated for freshly obtained single cancer cells, could soon become available as a clinical tool to precisely match treatment with the properties of a patient's own tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Marie
- Department for Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads Building 345C, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Wang Y, Guan A, Wickramasekara S, Phillips KS. Analytical Chemistry in the Regulatory Science of Medical Devices. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:307-327. [PMID: 29579404 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, regulatory science is the science of developing new tools, standards, and approaches to assess the safety, efficacy, quality, and performance of all Food and Drug Administration-regulated products. Good regulatory science facilitates consumer access to innovative medical devices that are safe and effective throughout the Total Product Life Cycle (TPLC). Because the need to measure things is fundamental to the regulatory science of medical devices, analytical chemistry plays an important role, contributing to medical device technology in two ways: It can be an integral part of an innovative medical device (e.g., diagnostic devices), and it can be used to support medical device development throughout the TPLC. In this review, we focus on analytical chemistry as a tool for the regulatory science of medical devices. We highlight recent progress in companion diagnostics, medical devices on chips for preclinical testing, mass spectrometry for postmarket monitoring, and detection/characterization of bacterial biofilm to prevent infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA;
| | - Allan Guan
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA;
| | - Samanthi Wickramasekara
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA;
| | - K Scott Phillips
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Cheng D, Yu Y, Han C, Cao M, Yang G, Liu J, Chen X, Peng Z. A simple microdevice for single cell capture, array, release, and fast staining using oscillatory method. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:034105. [PMID: 29861808 PMCID: PMC5955720 DOI: 10.1063/1.5025677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microchips that perform single cell capture, array, and identification have become powerful tools for single cell studies, which can reveal precise underlying mechanisms among bulk cell populations. However, current single cell capture and on-chip immunostaining methods consume more time and reagent than desired. To optimize this technology, we designed a novel trap structure for single cell capture, array, and release, and meanwhile an oscillatory method was used to perform rapid on-chip cell immunostaining. The trap structure array used equal distribution of lateral flow to achieve single cell array in high velocity flows and decrease the risk of clogging. A length of glass capillary with a sealed bubble was inserted into the outlet so that it could act in a manner analogous to that of a capacitor in an RC circuit. By applying one periodic air pressure to the inlet, oscillation motion was generated, which significantly enhanced the on-chip reaction efficiency. In addition, the oscillation performance could be easily regulated by changing the length of the capillary. The trapped cells could maintain their positions during oscillation; hence, they were able to be tracked in real time. Through our trap microchip, 12 μm microbeads were successfully trapped to form a microarray with a capture efficiency of ∼92.7% and 2 μm microbeads were filtered. With an optimized oscillation condition (Ppush = 0.03 MPa, f = 1 Hz, L = 3 cm), fast on-chip immunostaining was achieved with the advantages of less time (5 min) and reagent (2 μl) consumption. The effectiveness of this method was demonstrated through quantitative microbead and qualitative Caco-2 cell experiments. The device is simple, flexible, and efficient, which we believe provides a promising approach to single cell heterogeneity studies, drug screening, and clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Mengjia Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Hu F, Mao X, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Gu P, Wang H, Zhang X. Reliability of using circulating tumor cells for detecting epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1373-1384. [PMID: 29559795 PMCID: PMC5857158 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s158479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the clinical value of circulating tumor cells as a surrogate to detect epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods We searched the electronic databases, and all articles meeting predetermined selection criteria were included in this study. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated. The evaluation indexes of the diagnostic performance were the summary receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Eight eligible publications with 255 advanced NSCLC patients were included in this meta-analysis. Taking tumor tissues as reference, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of circulating tumor cells for detecting the epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status were found to be 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–0.95), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.24–1.00), 16.81 (95% CI: 0.33–848.62), 0.19 (95% CI: 0.06–0.64), and 86.81 (95% CI: 1.22–6,154.15), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89–0.94). The subgroup analysis showed that the factors of blood volume, histological type, EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, and circulating tumor cell and tissue test methods for EGFR accounted for the significant difference of the pooled specificity. No significant difference was found between the pooled sensitivity of the subgroup. Conclusion Our meta-analysis confirmed that circulating tumor cells are a good surrogate for detecting epidermal growth factor receptor mutation when tumor tissue is unavailable in advanced NSCLC patients, but more precise techniques are needed to improve their clinical efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Mao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Abstract
Single-cell analysis has become an established method to study cell heterogeneity and for rare cell characterization. Despite the high cost and technical constraints, applications are increasing every year in all fields of biology. Following the trend, there is a tremendous development of tools for single-cell analysis, especially in the RNA sequencing field. Every improvement increases sensitivity and throughput. Collecting a large amount of data also stimulates the development of new approaches for bioinformatic analysis and interpretation. However, the essential requirement for any analysis is the collection of single cells of high quality. The single-cell isolation must be fast, effective, and gentle to maintain the native expression profiles. Classical methods for single-cell isolation are micromanipulation, microdissection, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). In the last decade several new and highly efficient approaches have been developed, which not just supplement but may fully replace the traditional ones. These new techniques are based on microfluidic chips, droplets, micro-well plates, and automatic collection of cells using capillaries, magnets, an electric field, or a punching probe. In this review we summarize the current methods and developments in this field. We discuss the advantages of the different commercially available platforms and their applicability, and also provide remarks on future developments.
Collapse
|
62
|
Yoon Y, Lee J, Yoo KC, Sul O, Lee SJ, Lee SB. Deterministic Capture of Individual Circulating Tumor Cells Using a Flow-Restricted Microfluidic Trap Array. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9030106. [PMID: 30424040 PMCID: PMC6187321 DOI: 10.3390/mi9030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are regarded as a strong biomarker which includes clinically valuable information. However, CTCs are very rare and require precise separation and detection for effective clinical applications. Furthermore, downstream analysis has become necessary to identify the distinct sub-population of CTCs that causes metastasis. Here, we report a flow-restricted microfluidic trap array capable of deterministic single-cell capture of CTCs. The extent of flow restriction, correlating with the device geometry, was then optimized using a highly invasive breast cancer cell line (LM2 MDA-MB-231) to achieve 97% capture efficiency with a single-cell capture rate of 99%. Single-cell capture of CTCs from mice with full-blown metastasis was also demonstrated. The single-CTC capturing ability of the flow-restricted trap array not only showed cell enumerating ability but also high prospects for application in future automated downstream analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousang Yoon
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang Universtiy College of Engineering, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Jusin Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang Universtiy College of Engineering, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Ki-Chun Yoo
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang Universtiy College of Natural Sciences, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Onejae Sul
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang Universtiy, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang Universtiy College of Natural Sciences, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Seung-Beck Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang Universtiy College of Engineering, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang Universtiy, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer: Clinical Applications of Circulating Biomarkers (CTCs and ctDNA). MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9030100. [PMID: 30424034 PMCID: PMC6187707 DOI: 10.3390/mi9030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for the majority of cases. Recent advances in the understanding of the biology of tumors and in highly sensitive detection technologies for molecular analysis offer targeted therapies, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, our understanding of an individual patient’s lung cancer is often limited by tumor accessibility because of the high risk and invasive nature of current tissue biopsy procedures. “Liquid biopsy”, the analysis of circulating biomarkers from peripheral blood, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), offers a new source of cancer-derived materials that may reflect the status of the disease better and thereby contribute to more personalized treatment. In this review, we examined the clinical significance and uniqueness of CTCs and ctDNA from NSCLC patients, isolation and detection methods developed to analyze each type of circulating biomarker, and examples of clinical studies of potential applications for early diagnosis, prognosis, treatment monitoring, and prediction of resistance to therapy. We also discuss challenges that remain to be addressed before such tools are implemented for routine use in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
64
|
Li R, Zhou M, Yue C, Zhang W, Ma Y, Peng H, Hu Z, Wei Z. Multiple single cell screening and DNA MDA amplification chip for oncogenic mutation profiling. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:723-734. [PMID: 29360118 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00924k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic mutation heterogeneity of the cancer cell population has been proven to be essential for predicting both drug-response and drug-resistance of targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. It is necessary to accurately evaluate the mutation heterogeneity, oncogenic mutation and resistant mutation profiling at a single cell level. However, there are two major hurdles in the process. First, majority of the cells in tumor tissue are non-cancer cells, which cause background noise. Second, the work load and cost of next generation sequencing on dozens of single cells are prohibitive. To address both these issues, we developed a microfluidic chip for profiling of dozens of selected cells. With the help of a novel tri-states valve structure, which performs precise controlling of the cell/reagent movement, as well as active mixing of different reagents, trapping/identification/lysis and in situ MDA amplification was achieved at a single cell level on the same chip. Using a proof-of-concept assay mimicking EGFR targeting drug Gefitinib treatment of lung cancer cells, the new method was validated as capable of not only detecting the existence of multiple mutations, but also providing complete information of the mutation scenario at the single cell level by using cost-effective Sanger's sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Li R, Zhou M, Li J, Wang Z, Zhang W, Yue C, Ma Y, Peng H, Wei Z, Hu Z. Identifying EGFR-Expressed Cells and Detecting EGFR Multi-Mutations at Single-Cell Level by Microfluidic Chip. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2018; 10:16. [PMID: 30393665 PMCID: PMC6199061 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-017-0168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
EGFR mutations companion diagnostics have been proved to be crucial for the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeted cancer therapies. To uncover multiple mutations occurred in minority of EGFR-mutated cells, which may be covered by the noises from majority of un-mutated cells, is currently becoming an urgent clinical requirement. Here we present the validation of a microfluidic-chip-based method for detecting EGFR multi-mutations at single-cell level. By trapping and immunofluorescently imaging single cells in specifically designed silicon microwells, the EGFR-expressed cells were easily identified. By in situ lysing single cells, the cell lysates of EGFR-expressed cells were retrieved without cross-contamination. Benefited from excluding the noise from cells without EGFR expression, the simple and cost-effective Sanger's sequencing, but not the expensive deep sequencing of the whole cell population, was used to discover multi-mutations. We verified the new method with precisely discovering three most important EGFR drug-related mutations from a sample in which EGFR-mutated cells only account for a small percentage of whole cell population. The microfluidic chip is capable of discovering not only the existence of specific EGFR multi-mutations, but also other valuable single-cell-level information: on which specific cells the mutations occurred, or whether different mutations coexist on the same cells. This microfluidic chip constitutes a promising method to promote simple and cost-effective Sanger's sequencing to be a routine test before performing targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jine Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewen Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
- Yangtze River Delta Academy of Nanotechnology and Industry Development Research, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
|
67
|
Neoh KH, Hassan AA, Chen A, Sun Y, Liu P, Xu KF, Wong AS, Han RP. Rethinking liquid biopsy: Microfluidic assays for mobile tumor cells in human body fluids. Biomaterials 2018; 150:112-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
68
|
Huang Q, Wang Y, Chen X, Wang Y, Li Z, Du S, Wang L, Chen S. Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Early Cancer Diagnosis Using Circulating Tumor Cells as a Liquid Biopsy. Nanotheranostics 2018; 2:21-41. [PMID: 29291161 PMCID: PMC5743836 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that shed from a primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream. As a form of “tumor liquid biopsy”, CTCs provide important information for the mechanistic investigation of cancer metastasis and the measurement of tumor genotype evolution during treatment and disease progression. However, the extremely low abundance of CTCs in the peripheral blood and the heterogeneity of CTCs make their isolation and characterization major technological challenges. Recently, nanotechnologies have been developed for sensitive CTC detection; such technologies will enable better cell and molecular characterization and open up a wide range of clinical applications, including early disease detection and evaluation of treatment response and disease progression. In this review, we summarize the nanotechnology-based strategies for CTC isolation, including representative nanomaterials (such as magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, silicon nanopillars, nanowires, nanopillars, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, quantum dots, and graphene oxide) and microfluidic chip technologies that incorporate nanoroughened surfaces and discuss their key challenges and perspectives in CTC downstream analyses, such as protein expression and genetic mutations that may reflect tumor aggressiveness and patient outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shiming Du
- Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Lianrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Sibbitts J, Sellens KA, Jia S, Klasner SA, Culbertson CT. Cellular Analysis Using Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2017; 90:65-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Sibbitts
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Kathleen A. Sellens
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Shu Jia
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Scott A. Klasner
- 12966
South
State Highway 94, Marthasville, Missouri 63357, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Wang L, Dumenil C, Julié C, Giraud V, Dumoulin J, Labrune S, Chinet T, Emile JF, He B, Giroux Leprieur E. Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in lung cancer: moving beyond enumeration. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109818-109835. [PMID: 29312651 PMCID: PMC5752564 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of tumor cells is a key step in the diagnosis and optimal treatment of lung cancer. However, analysis of tumor samples, often corresponding to small biopsies, can be difficult and does not accurately reflect tumor heterogeneity. Recent studies have shown that isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is feasible in non-small cell lung cancer patients, even at early disease stages. The amount of CTCs corresponds to the metastatic potential of the tumor and to patient prognosis. Moreover, molecular analyses, even at the single-cell level, can be performed on CTCs. This review describes the technologies currently available for detecting and capturing CTCs, the potential for downstream molecular diagnostics, and the clinical applications of CTCs isolated from lung cancer patients as screening, prognostic, and predictive tools. Main limitations of CTCs are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Coraline Dumenil
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP - Ambroise Pare Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Catherine Julié
- Department of Pathology, APHP - Ambroise Pare Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,EA 4340 "Biomarqueurs en Cancérologie et Onco-Hématologie" UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Violaine Giraud
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP - Ambroise Pare Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jennifer Dumoulin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP - Ambroise Pare Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Sylvie Labrune
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP - Ambroise Pare Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Thierry Chinet
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP - Ambroise Pare Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,EA 4340 "Biomarqueurs en Cancérologie et Onco-Hématologie" UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-François Emile
- Department of Pathology, APHP - Ambroise Pare Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,EA 4340 "Biomarqueurs en Cancérologie et Onco-Hématologie" UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Biao He
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Etienne Giroux Leprieur
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP - Ambroise Pare Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,EA 4340 "Biomarqueurs en Cancérologie et Onco-Hématologie" UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Liu HE, Triboulet M, Zia A, Vuppalapaty M, Kidess-Sigal E, Coller J, Natu VS, Shokoohi V, Che J, Renier C, Chan NH, Hanft VR, Jeffrey SS, Sollier-Christen E. Workflow optimization of whole genome amplification and targeted panel sequencing for CTC mutation detection. NPJ Genom Med 2017; 2:34. [PMID: 29263843 PMCID: PMC5677973 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-017-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may prove useful as a surrogate for conventional tissue biopsies. This is particularly important as studies have shown different mutational profiles between CTCs and ctDNA in some tumor subtypes. However, isolating rare CTCs from whole blood has significant hurdles. Very limited DNA quantities often can't meet NGS requirements without whole genome amplification (WGA). Moreover, white blood cells (WBC) germline contamination may confound CTC somatic mutation analyses. Thus, a good CTC enrichment platform with an efficient WGA and NGS workflow are needed. Here, Vortex label-free CTC enrichment platform was used to capture CTCs. DNA extraction was optimized, WGA evaluated and targeted NGS tested. We used metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) as the clinical target, HCT116 as the corresponding cell line, GenomePlex® and REPLI-g as the WGA methods, GeneRead DNAseq Human CRC Panel as the 38 gene panel. The workflow was further validated on metastatic CRC patient samples, assaying both tumor and CTCs. WBCs from the same patients were included to eliminate germline contaminations. The described workflow performed well on samples with sufficient DNA, but showed bias for rare cells with limited DNA input. REPLI-g provided an unbiased amplification on fresh rare cells, enabling an accurate variant calling using the targeted NGS. Somatic variants were detected in patient CTCs and not found in age matched healthy donors. This demonstrates the feasibility of a simple workflow for clinically relevant monitoring of tumor genetics in real time and over the course of a patient's therapy using CTCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Triboulet
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Amin Zia
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | | | - Evelyn Kidess-Sigal
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - John Coller
- Stanford Functional Genomics Facility, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Vanita S. Natu
- Stanford Functional Genomics Facility, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Vida Shokoohi
- Stanford Functional Genomics Facility, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - James Che
- Vortex Biosciences, Inc., Menlo Park, CA USA
| | | | - Natalie H. Chan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Violet R. Hanft
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Stefanie S. Jeffrey
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Rambach RW, Linder K, Heymann M, Franke T. Droplet trapping and fast acoustic release in a multi-height device with steady-state flow. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3422-3430. [PMID: 28792054 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel multilayer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device for selective storage and release of single emulsion droplets. Drops are captured in a microchannel cavity and can be released on-demand through a triggered surface acoustic wave pulse. The surface acoustic wave (SAW) is excited by a tapered interdigital transducer (TIDT) deposited on a piezoelectric lithium niobate (LiNbO3) substrate and inverts the pressure difference across the cavity trap to push a drop out of the trap and back into the main flow channel. Droplet capture and release does not require a flow rate change, flow interruption, flow inversion or valve action and can be achieved in as fast as 20 ms. This allows both on-demand droplet capture for analysis and monitoring over arbitrary time scales, and continuous device operation with a high droplet rate of 620 drops per s. We hence decouple long-term droplet interrogation from other operations on the chip. This will ease integration with other microfluidic droplet operations and functional components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Rambach
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics Group, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Salvianti F, Pinzani P. The diagnostic potential of mutation detection from single circulating tumor cells in cancer patients. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:975-981. [PMID: 28931314 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1381561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have gained importance in the oncology field as biomarkers of tumor development. The most relevant observation that emerged from the recent studies on CTCs is their heterogeneity, which can be investigated by new technologies for single cell analysis. Areas covered: This review considers the most recent advances (limited to the last two years) in the mutational analysis of single CTCs with a critical point of view on the technical challenges still to be faced and the steps needed to reach a standardization of the procedures able to translate these new approaches into clinical practice. Expert commentary: CTCs represent a surrogate tumor sample obtained by a minimally invasive procedure allowing the serial monitoring of the patient during the follow-up period or after treatment. Notwithstanding that, the analysis of CTCs is not so widespread; in fact, a limited number of centers can be equipped and possess the expertise for the development of workflows able to identify, enrich and isolate CTCs from blood. Moreover, the lack of standardized procedures and guidelines limits the study of CTCs to 'research use only' approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salvianti
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio' , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Pamela Pinzani
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio' , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Use of Liquid Biopsy in Monitoring Colorectal Cancer Progression Shows Strong Clinical Correlation. Am J Med Sci 2017; 355:220-227. [PMID: 29549923 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who are sensitive to epidermal growth factor antibodies inevitably acquire drug resistance. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of liquid biopsies for prognosis and clinical correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS For liquid biopsy tests, we extracted blood from 140 CRC patients with matched tumor samples. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and tumor DNA (ctDNA) were extracted before surgery and treatment. Samples were quantified and tested for mutations in KRAS, NRAS and BRAF. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed for different groups of patients for association to overall survival. RESULTS Among the 140 CRC cases, we observed good agreement collectively in the molecular signatures of CTCs and ctDNA with matched tumor specimens (97% concordance). Patients who were subsequently refractory to either cetuximab or panitumumab showed changes in the molecular profiles and were positive for KRAS, NRAS or BRAF. Interestingly, we observed that most of these changes were detected in CTCs analyses first. Stratified analyses conducted by the change in molecular profiles showed this group of patients to have worse survival outcome compared with the wild type group. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring CRC patients' molecular changes in response to treatment via CTCs and ctDNA can provide real-time information to disease changes. The study demonstrated that the emergence of secondary mutations were strongly associated to poorer survival after treatment.
Collapse
|
75
|
O'Flaherty L, Wikman H, Pantel K. Biology and clinical significance of circulating tumor cell subpopulations in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:431-443. [PMID: 28904887 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.07.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
By identifying and tracking genetic changes in primary tumors and metastases, patients can be stratified for the most efficient therapeutic regimen by screening for known biomarkers. However, retrieving tissues biopsies is not always feasible due to tumor location or risk to patient. Therefore, a liquid biopsies approach offers an appealing solution to an otherwise invasive procedure. The rapid growth of the liquid biopsy field has been aided by improvements in the sensitivity and specificity of enrichment assays for isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from normal surrounding blood cells. Furthermore, the identification and molecular characterization of CTCs has been shown in numerous studies to be of diagnostic and prognostic relevance in breast, prostate and colon cancer patients. Despite these advancements, and the highly metastatic nature of lung cancer, it remains a challenge to detect CTCs in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It may be that loss of epithelial features, in favor of a mesenchymal phenotype, and the highly heterogeneous nature of NSCLC CTCs contribute to their evasion from current detection methods. By identifying a broader spectrum of biomarkers that could better differentiate the various NSCLC CTCs subpopulations, it may be possible to not only improve detection rates but also to shed light on which CTC clones are likely to drive metastatic initiation. Here we review the biology of CTCs and describe a number of proteins and genetic targets which could potentially be utilized for the dissemination of heterogenic subpopulations of CTCs in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda O'Flaherty
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany.,Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harriet Wikman
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Lallo A, Schenk MW, Frese KK, Blackhall F, Dive C. Circulating tumor cells and CDX models as a tool for preclinical drug development. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:397-408. [PMID: 28904884 PMCID: PMC5583071 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.08.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancers are the main cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Efforts placed to improve the survival of lung cancer patients and untangle the complexity of this disease, have resulted in the generation of hundreds of lung cancer cell lines and several genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Although these research tools have extended our knowledge of lung cancer, improvement in the clinical care of lung cancer patients have been limited overall, with measured optimism regarding initial responses to targeted therapies in stratified subgroups of patients. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are beginning to assist 'personalized therapy' approaches particularly in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) however biopsies of lung cancers to generate PDXs are not without challenges and risks to the patient. Liquid biopsies, on the other hand, are a rapid and non-invasive procedure allowing the collection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with a single 10 mL blood draw. These CTCs recapitulate the molecular heterogeneity of the corresponding tumors and, therefore, can be used as surrogates to study tumor biology and generate new patient-derived models. Here, we discuss the CTC-derived models that have been generated, most notably in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), highlighting challenges and opportunities related to these novel preclinical tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lallo
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maximilian W. Schenk
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kristopher K. Frese
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester and Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Elitas M, Sadeghi S, Karamahmutoglu H, Gozuacik D, Serdar Turhal N. Microfabricated platforms to quantitatively investigate cellular behavior under the influence of chemical gradients. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa7400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
78
|
Gallina ME, Kim TJ, Shelor M, Vasquez J, Mongersun A, Kim M, Tang SKY, Abbyad P, Pratx G. Toward a Droplet-Based Single-Cell Radiometric Assay. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6472-6481. [PMID: 28562033 PMCID: PMC5480233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Radiotracers are
widely used to track molecular processes, both in vitro and in vivo, with high sensitivity
and specificity. However, most radionuclide detection methods have
spatial resolution inadequate for single-cell analysis. A few existing
methods can extract single-cell information from radioactive decays,
but the stochastic nature of the process precludes high-throughput
measurement (and sorting) of single cells. In this work, we introduce
a new concept for translating radioactive decays occurring stochastically
within radiolabeled single-cells into an integrated, long-lasting
fluorescence signal. Single cells are encapsulated in radiofluorogenic
droplets containing molecular probes sensitive to byproducts of ionizing
radiation (primarily reactive oxygen species, or ROS). Different probes
were examined in bulk solutions, and dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHRh 123)
was selected as the lead candidate due to its sensitivity and reproducibility.
Fluorescence intensity of DHRh 123 in bulk increased at a rate of
54% per Gy of X-ray radiation and 15% per MBq/ml of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG). Fluorescence
imaging of microfluidic droplets showed the same linear response,
but droplets were less sensitive overall than the bulk ROS sensor
(detection limit of 3 Gy per droplet). Finally, droplets encapsulating
radiolabeled cancer cells allowed, for the first time, the detection
of [18F]FDG radiotracer uptake in single cells through
fluorescence activation. With further improvements, we expect this
technology to enable quantitative measurement and selective sorting
of single cells based on the uptake of radiolabeled small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Gallina
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University , 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University , 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Mark Shelor
- University of California-Merced , Department of Bioengineering, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Jaime Vasquez
- University of California-San Francisco , School of Pharmacy, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States
| | - Amy Mongersun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University , Daly Science 123500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University , 418 Panama Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sindy K Y Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University , 418 Panama Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul Abbyad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University , Daly Science 123500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
| | - Guillem Pratx
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University , 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Schneider AK, Nikolov PM, Giselbrecht S, Niemeyer CM. DNA-SMART: Biopatterned Polymer Film Microchannels for Selective Immobilization of Proteins and Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603923. [PMID: 28224757 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel SMART module, dubbed "DNA-SMART" (DNA substrate modification and replication by thermoforming) is reported, where polymer films are premodified with single-stranded DNA capture strands, microthermoformed into 3D structures, and postmodified with complementary DNA-protein conjugates to realize complex biologically active surfaces within microfluidic devices. As a proof of feasibility, it is demonstrated that microchannels presenting three different proteins on their inner curvilinear surface can be used for selective capture of cells under flow conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Schneider
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Pavel M Nikolov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 6229, ER Maastricht, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
|
81
|
Abstract
The detection and separation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are crucial in early cancer diagnosis and cancer prognosis. Filtration through a thin film is one of the size and deformability based separation methods, which can isolate rare CTCs from the peripheral blood of cancer patients regardless of their heterogeneity. In this paper, volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase flow models are employed to clarify the cells’ filtering processes. The cells may deform significantly when they enter a channel constriction, which will induce cell membrane stress and damage if the area strain is larger than the critical value. Therefore, the cellular damage criterion characterized by membrane area strain is presented in our model, i.e., the lysis limit of the lipid bilayer is taken as the critical area strain. Under this criterion, we discover that the microfilters with slit-shaped pores do less damage to cells than those with circular pores. The influence of contact angle between the microfilters and blood cells on cellular injury is also discussed. Moreover, the optimal film thickness and flux in our simulations are obtained as 0.5 μm and 0.375 mm/s, respectively. These findings will provide constructive guidance for the improvement of next generation microfilters with higher throughput and less cellular damage.
Collapse
|
82
|
Kim JJ, Sinkala E, Herr AE. High-selectivity cytology via lab-on-a-disc western blotting of individual cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:855-863. [PMID: 28165521 PMCID: PMC5435485 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01333c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytology of sparingly available cell samples from both clinical and experimental settings would benefit from high-selectivity protein tools. To minimize cell handling losses in sparse samples, we design a multi-stage assay using a lab-on-a-disc that integrates cell handling and subsequent single-cell western blotting (scWestern). As the two-layer microfluidic device rotates, the induced centrifugal force directs dissociated cells to dams, which in turn localize the cells over microwells. Cells then sediment into the microwells, where the cells are lysed and subjected to scWestern. Taking into account cell losses from loading, centrifugation, and lysis-buffer exchange, our lab-on-a-disc device handles cell samples with as few as 200 cells with 75% cell settling efficiencies. Over 70% of microwells contain single cells after the centrifugation. In addition to cell settling efficiency, cell-size filtration from a mixed population of two cell lines is also realized by tuning the cell time-of-flight during centrifugation (58.4% settling efficiency with 6.4% impurity). Following the upstream cell handling, scWestern analysis detects four proteins (GFP, β-TUB, GAPDH, and STAT3) in a glioblastoma cell line. By integrating the lab-on-a-disc cell preparation and scWestern analysis, our platform measures proteins from sparse cell samples at single-cell resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. and University of California, Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Elly Sinkala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | - Amy E Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. and University of California, Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Jiang J, Zhao H, Shu W, Tian J, Huang Y, Song Y, Wang R, Li E, Slamon D, Hou D, Du X, Zhang L, Chen Y, Wang Q. An integrated microfluidic device for rapid and high-sensitivity analysis of circulating tumor cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42612. [PMID: 28198402 PMCID: PMC5309797 DOI: 10.1038/srep42612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently there has been a more focus on the development of an efficient technique for detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), due to their significance in prognosis and therapy of metastatic cancer. However, it remains a challenge because of the low count of CTCs in the blood. Herein, a rapid and high-sensitivity approach for CTCs detection using an integrated microfluidic system, consisting of a deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) isolating structure, an automatic purifying device with CD45-labeled immunomagnetic beads and a capturing platform coated with rat-tail collagen was reported. We observed high capture rate of 90%, purity of about 50% and viability of more than 90% at the high throughput of 1 mL/min by capturing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive cells from blood. Further capturing of CTCs from metastatic cancers patients revealed a positive capture rate of 83.3%. Furthermore, our device was compared with CellSearch system via parallel analysis of 30 cancer patients, to find no significant difference between the capture efficiency of both methods. However, our device displayed advantage in terms of time, sample volume and cost for analysis. Thus, our integrated device with sterile environment and convenient use will be a promising platform for CTCs detection with potential clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Weiliang Shu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- LABVIV Technology(Shenzhen) Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yongxin Song
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Encheng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Dennis Slamon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Medical School of University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Dongmei Hou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Medical School of University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Lichuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Ming Y, Li Y, Xing H, Luo M, Li Z, Chen J, Mo J, Shi S. Circulating Tumor Cells: From Theory to Nanotechnology-Based Detection. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:35. [PMID: 28203204 PMCID: PMC5285331 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells with stem-cell properties are regarded as tumor initiating cells. Sharing stem-cell properties, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are responsible for the development of metastasis, which significant affects CTC analysis in clinical practice. Due to their extremely low occurrence in blood, however, it is challenging to enumerate and analyze CTCs. Nanotechnology is able to address the problems of insufficient capture efficiency and low purity of CTCs owing to the unique structural and functional properties of nanomaterials, showing strong promise for CTC isolation and detection. In this review, we discuss the role of stem-like CTCs in metastases, provide insight into recent progress in CTC isolation and detection approaches using various nanoplatforms, and highlight the role of nanotechnology in the advancement of CTC research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ming
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Minghe Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Jingxin Mo
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
He J, Tan W, Ma J. Circulating tumor cells and DNA for real-time EGFR detection and monitoring of non-small-cell lung cancer. Future Oncol 2017; 13:787-797. [PMID: 28073294 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We investigate the suitability of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in non-small-cell lung cancer management, which is challenging in conventional biopsies. MATERIALS & METHODS We performed serial blood extraction from 120 patients of varying EGFR status. Molecular profiling was performed using droplet digital PCR and correlated to survival outcome. RESULTS Overall, we observed 95% agreement using CTCs and ctDNA with conventional tissue biopsies, which indicated the disease's close correlation. The mutant signature was stable and captured the dynamic changes during treatment. It aided to stratify patients with worse survival outcome. CONCLUSION CTCs and ctDNA can complement current disease management. We demonstrated its effectiveness in continuous disease profiling, which is critical for clinical decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tan
- Haemodialysis Centre, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Personalized Treatment Through Detection and Monitoring of Genetic Aberrations in Single Circulating Tumor Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 994:255-273. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55947-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
87
|
Huang L, Bian S, Cheng Y, Shi G, Liu P, Ye X, Wang W. Microfluidics cell sample preparation for analysis: Advances in efficient cell enrichment and precise single cell capture. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:011501. [PMID: 28217240 PMCID: PMC5303167 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Single cell analysis has received increasing attention recently in both academia and clinics, and there is an urgent need for effective upstream cell sample preparation. Two extremely challenging tasks in cell sample preparation-high-efficiency cell enrichment and precise single cell capture-have now entered into an era full of exciting technological advances, which are mostly enabled by microfluidics. In this review, we summarize the category of technologies that provide new solutions and creative insights into the two tasks of cell manipulation, with a focus on the latest development in the recent five years by highlighting the representative works. By doing so, we aim both to outline the framework and to showcase example applications of each task. In most cases for cell enrichment, we take circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as the target cells because of their research and clinical importance in cancer. For single cell capture, we review related technologies for many kinds of target cells because the technologies are supposed to be more universal to all cells rather than CTCs. Most of the mentioned technologies can be used for both cell enrichment and precise single cell capture. Each technology has its own advantages and specific challenges, which provide opportunities for researchers in their own area. Overall, these technologies have shown great promise and now evolve into real clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Shengtai Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Yinuo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Guanya Shi
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Xiongying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Shields Iv CW, Wang JL, Ohiri KA, Essoyan ED, Yellen BB, Armstrong AJ, López GP. Magnetic separation of acoustically focused cancer cells from blood for magnetographic templating and analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3833-3844. [PMID: 27713979 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00719h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies hold enormous promise for the next generation of medical diagnoses. At the forefront of this effort, many are seeking to capture, enumerate and analyze circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a means to prognosticate and develop individualized treatments for cancer. Capturing these rare cells, however, represents a major engineering challenge due to their low abundance, morphology and heterogeneity. A variety of microfluidic tools have been developed to isolate CTCs from drawn blood samples; however, few of these approaches offer a means to separate and analyze cells in an integrated system. We have developed a microfluidic platform comprised of three modules that offers high throughput separation of cancer cells from blood and on-chip organization of those cells for streamlined analyses. The first module uses an acoustic standing wave to rapidly align cells in a contact-free manner. The second module then separates magnetically labeled cells from unlabeled cells, offering purities exceeding 85% for cells and 90% for binary mixtures of synthetic particles. Finally, the third module contains a spatially periodic array of microwells with underlying micromagnets to capture individual cells for on-chip analyses (e.g., staining, imaging and quantification). This array is capable of capturing with accuracies exceeding 80% for magnetically labeled cells and 95% for magnetic particles. Overall, by virtue of its holistic processing of complex biological samples, this system has promise for the isolation and evaluation of rare cancer cells and can be readily extended to address a variety of applications across single cell biology and immunology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Wyatt Shields Iv
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Korine A Ohiri
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Eric D Essoyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Benjamin B Yellen
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Gabriel P López
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Hung LY, Wang CH, Fu CY, Gopinathan P, Lee GB. Microfluidics in the selection of affinity reagents for the detection of cancer: paving a way towards future diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2759-74. [PMID: 27381813 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00662k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have miniaturized a variety of biomedical applications, and these chip-based systems have several significant advantages over their large-scale counterparts. Recently, this technology has been used for automating labor-intensive and time-consuming screening processes, whereby affinity reagents, including aptamers, peptides, antibodies, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and a variety of small molecules, are used to probe for molecular biomarkers. When compared to conventional methods, the microfluidic approaches are faster, more compact, require considerably smaller quantities of samples and reagents, and can be automated. Furthermore, they allow for more precise control of reaction conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, and shearing forces) such that more efficient screening can be performed. A variety of affinity reagents for targeting cancer cells or cancer biomarkers are now available and will likely replace conventional antibodies. In this review article, the selection of affinity reagents for cancer cells or cancer biomarkers on microfluidic platforms is reviewed with the aim of highlighting the utility of such approaches in cancer diagnostics.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Immobilized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Immobilized/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Humans
- Immobilized Nucleic Acids/chemistry
- Immobilized Nucleic Acids/metabolism
- Immobilized Proteins/metabolism
- Lab-On-A-Chip Devices/trends
- Leukocytes/cytology
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Ligands
- Mice
- Neoplasms/blood
- Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Oligonucleotides/chemistry
- Oligonucleotides/metabolism
- Single-Chain Antibodies/chemistry
- Single-Chain Antibodies/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Yu Hung
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Yoshino T, Tanaka T, Nakamura S, Negishi R, Hosokawa M, Matsunaga T. Manipulation of a Single Circulating Tumor Cell Using Visualization of Hydrogel Encapsulation toward Single-Cell Whole-Genome Amplification. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7230-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yoshino
- Division of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Seita Nakamura
- Division of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryo Negishi
- Division of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masahito Hosokawa
- Division of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsunaga
- Division of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|