Tailoring plasmonic and electrostatic field effects to maximize solar energy conversion by bacteriorhodopsin, the other natural photosynthetic system

We have explored the plasmonic field enhancement of current production from bacteriorhodopsin (bR) by maximizing the blue light effect, where the influx of blue photons absorbed by the long-lived M intermediate drastically shortens the time scale of the bR photocycle, leading to current enhancement. To this end, we used three approaches in our solution-based cell: (1) We improved the charge carrier separation in solution through the use of a proton-selective Nafion membrane. (2) We maximized the plasmonic surface field effects by selecting the capping polymer with minimum surface field screening and best nanoparticle stability. (3) We selected the plasmonic nanoparticle with the strongest plasmonic field whose surface plasmon resonance has the largest spectral overlap with the blue light absorbing M-intermediate. Theoretical models are used to explain experimental results, which show a 40 nm cuboidal nanoparticle capped with 55k PVP polymer to give the best photocurrent enhancement. Enhanced by this particle, bR in our Nafion membrane solution cell gave a photocurrent of 0.21 μA/cm(3), which is 5000 times larger than the published results for thin film bR electrochemical cells even with an applied bias. Additional possible enhancements are proposed.

De novo designed coiled-coil proteins with variable conformations as components of molecular electronic devices

Conformational changes of proteins are widely used in nature for controlling cellular functions, including ligand binding, oligomerization, and catalysis. Despite the fact that different proteins and artificial peptides have been utilized as electron-transfer mediators in electronic devices, the unique propensity of proteins to switch between different conformations has not been used as a mechanism to control device properties and performance. Toward this aim, we have designed and prepared new dimeric coiled-coil proteins that adopt different conformations due to parallel or antiparallel relative orientations of their monomers. We show here that controlling the conformation of these proteins attached as monolayers to gold, which dictates the direction and magnitude of the molecular dipole relative to the surface, results in quantitative modulation of the gold work function. Furthermore, charge transport through the proteins as molecular bridges is controlled by the different protein conformations, producing either rectifying or ohmic-like behavior.

Deducing 2D crystal structure at the liquid/solid interface with atomic resolution: a combined STM and SFG study

Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG) has been applied to study two-dimensional (2D) crystals formed by an isophthalic acid diester on the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, providing complementary measurements to scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and computational modeling. SFG results indicate that both aromatic and C=O groups in the 2D crystal tilt from the surface. This study demonstrates that a combination of SFG and STM techniques can be used to gain a more complete picture of 2D crystal structure, and it is necessary to consider solvent-2D crystal interactions and dynamics in the computer models to achieve an accurate representation of interfacial structure.

Picosecond electron transfer from photosynthetic reaction center protein to GaAs

An extremely fast electron transfer through an electronically coupled junction between covalently bound oriented photosynthetic reaction center protein photosystem I (PS I) and n-GaAs was measured by time-resolved photoluminescence. It was found that the n-GaAs band edge luminescence intensity increased by a factor of 2, and the fast exponential decay constant was increased by a factor of 2.6 following the PS I self-assembly. We attribute this to picosecond electron transfer from the PS I to the n-GaAs surface states.