51
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Bruns CJ, Fujita D, Hoshino M, Sato S, Stoddart JF, Fujita M. Emergent Ion-Gated Binding of Cationic Host–Guest Complexes within Cationic M12L24 Molecular Flasks. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:12027-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505296e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carson J. Bruns
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201-3113, United States
| | - Daishi Fujita
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Manabu Hoshino
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201-3113, United States
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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52
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Pochorovski I, Diederich F. Development of redox-switchable resorcin[4]arene cavitands. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2096-105. [PMID: 24814219 DOI: 10.1021/ar500104k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Within the framework of miniaturization of electromechanical devices, the development of a redox-switchable molecular gripper as a tool for nanorobotics is appealing both from an academic and from a practical perspective. Such a tool should be able to controllably grab a molecular cargo, translocate it over considerable distances and time scales, and release it. Resorcin[4]arene cavitands seem to be an ideal platform for the development of molecular grippers due to their ability to adopt two spatially well-defined conformations: an expanded kite and a contracted vase. Furthermore, they possess "legs" for functionalization and attachment to metal surfaces. While changes in temperature, pH, and metal-ion concentration were known to induce conformational switching, redox-switchable cavitands remained a challenge. In this Account, we describe our efforts toward the development of a new class of resorcin[4]arene cavitands that are redox-switchable. First, we introduced the naphthoquinone moiety as a redox-active wall component and showed that cavitands containing four quinone walls strongly prefer the open kite conformation in both the quinone and hydroquinone redox states, while cavitands that contain two quinone and two quinoxaline walls can adopt both the vase and the kite conformations depending on solvent but not on redox state. Next, in order to introduce a driving force for the conformational switching process in diquinone cavitands, we designed cavitands with hydrogen bond acceptor groups on the quinoxaline walls. These acceptors were sought to establish hydrogen bonds with the hydroquinone groups in the reduced redox state, thereby stabilizing the vase form. Oxidation to the quinone state would remove these interactions, switching the cavitand back to the kite form. Cavitands equipped with different hydrogen bond acceptor groups were synthesized and evaluated. We found that carboxamide moieties are best suited to assist redox-induced switching of conformational and binding properties. With the goal of further increasing association constants and reducing guest-exchange rates via steric congestion, we exchanged the naphthoquinone with the triptycene-quinone moiety. The congesting influence of the triptycene-quinone moiety on the binding properties was quantified both in the presence and in the absence of additional hydrogen bond interactions that stabilize the vase form. X-ray crystallographic studies provided insights into the solid-state structures of the cavitands in different solvents and redox states. A significant enhancement of association constants and reduction in guest release rates was observed in the reduced redox state compared with the top-open system, yielding redox-switchable cavitand baskets. These studies represent a step towards the development of redox-switchable molecular grippers on metal surfaces. Future challenges will consist in the development of cavitands that will no longer rely on an external proton source for the switching process, allowing redox-switching to be performed in purely aprotic media. Finally, suitable leg functionalization would enable the grippers to be interfaced with metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pochorovski
- Laboratorium für Organische
Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische
Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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53
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Abstract
![]()
Donald Cram’s
pioneering Nobel Prize-winning work on host–guest
molecules led eventually to his creation of the field of container
molecules. Cram defined two types of container molecules: carcerands
and hemicarcerands. Host–guest complexes of carcerands, called
carceplexes, are formed during their synthesis; once a carceplex is
formed, the trapped guest cannot exit without breaking covalent bonds.
Cram defined a quantity called constrictive binding, arising from
the mechanical force that prevents guest escape. The constrictive
binding in carceplexes is high. In contrast, hemicarcerands have low
constrictive binding and are able to release the incarcerated guests
at elevated temperatures without breaking covalent bonds. We have
designed molecules that can switch from carcerand to hemicarcerand
through a change in structure that we call gating. The original
discovery of gating in container molecules involved
our computational studies of a Cram hemicarceplex that was observed
to release a guest upon heating. We found that the side portals of
this hemicarceplex have multiple thermally accessible conformations.
An eight-membered ring that is part of a portal changes from a “chair”
to a “boat” structure, leading to the enlargement of
the side portal and the release of the guest. This type of gating
is analogous to phenomena often observed with peptide loops in enzymes.
We refer to this phenomenon as thermally controlled gating. We have also designed and synthesized redox and photochemically
controlled gated hemicarceplexes. Gates are built onto host molecules
so that the opening or closing of such gates is stimulated by reducing
or oxidizing conditions, or by ultraviolet irradiation. In both cases,
the appropriate stimuli can produce a carceplex (closed gates) or
hemicarceplex (open gates). A hemicarceplex with closed gates behaves
like a carceplex, due to its very high constrictive binding energy.
When the gates are opened, constrictive binding is dramatically lowered,
and guest entrance and exit become facile. This stimulated switching
between open and closed states controls access of the guest to the
binding site. The experimental and computational investigations of
gated hemicarcerands and several potential applications of gated hemicarceplexes
are described in this Account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Roger C. Helgeson
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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54
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Yamanaka M, Morishima M, Shibata Y, Higashibayashi S, Sakurai H. DFT Studies of Mechanism and Origin of Stereoselectivity of Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclotrimerization Reactions Affording syn-Tris(norborneno)benzenes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500322b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart
Molecules, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masumi Morishima
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart
Molecules, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart
Molecules, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | | | - Hidehiro Sakurai
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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55
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Galán A, Escudero-Adán EC, Frontera A, Ballester P. Synthesis, Structure, and Binding Properties of Lipophilic Cavitands Based on a Calix[4]pyrrole-Resorcinarene Hybrid Scaffold. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5545-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5007224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament
de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. Valldemossa
Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Catalan
Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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56
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Turega S, Cullen W, Whitehead M, Hunter CA, Ward MD. Mapping the Internal Recognition Surface of an Octanuclear Coordination Cage Using Guest Libraries. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8475-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504269m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Turega
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - William Cullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Martina Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | | | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
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57
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Brancatelli G, Gattuso G, Geremia S, Notti A, Pappalardo S, Parisi MF, Pisagatti I. Probing the inner space of salt-bridged calix[5]arene capsules. Org Lett 2014; 16:2354-7. [PMID: 24725016 DOI: 10.1021/ol500673n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A combined DOSY and XRD study indicates that a carboxylcalix[5]arene receptor is able to encapsulate α,ω-diamines of appropriate length by means of a proton-transfer-mediated recognition process followed by salt-bridge-assisted bis-endo-complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Brancatelli
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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58
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Threaded structures based on the recognition of 1,5-dinaphtho-crown ethers to paraquat and vinylogous viologen derivatives: host–guest complexations, X-ray crystal structures, and self-assembly superstructures. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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59
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Ruan Y, Dalkiliç E, Peterson PW, Pandit A, Dastan A, Brown JD, Polen SM, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. Trapping of Organophosphorus Chemical Nerve Agents in Water with Amino Acid Functionalized Baskets. Chemistry 2014; 20:4251-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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60
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Pochorovski I, Milić J, Kolarski D, Gropp C, Schweizer WB, Diederich F. Evaluation of Hydrogen-Bond Acceptors for Redox-Switchable Resorcin[4]arene Cavitands. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3852-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja411429b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pochorovski
- Laboratorium für Organische
Chemie, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jovana Milić
- Laboratorium für Organische
Chemie, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dušan Kolarski
- Laboratorium für Organische
Chemie, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelius Gropp
- Laboratorium für Organische
Chemie, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W. Bernd Schweizer
- Laboratorium für Organische
Chemie, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische
Chemie, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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61
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Archibald SJ, Atkin SL, Bras W, Diego-Taboada A, Mackenzie G, Mosselmans JFW, Nikitenko S, Quinn PD, Thomas MF, Young NA. How does iron interact with sporopollenin exine capsules? An X-ray absorption study including microfocus XANES and XRF imaging. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:945-959. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21523g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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62
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Mahata K, Frischmann PD, Würthner F. Giant electroactive M4L6 tetrahedral host self-assembled with Fe(II) vertices and perylene bisimide dye edges. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:15656-61. [PMID: 24059438 DOI: 10.1021/ja4083039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of octahedral Fe(II) ions and linear perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes with 2,2'-bipyridine groups covalently attached at the imide positions quantitatively yields an Fe4(PBI)6 tetrahedron by the directional bonding approach. With an edge length of 3.9 nm and estimated internal volume >950 Å(3), tetrahedron T is one of the largest M4L6 tetrahedra ever reported. Importantly, many of the desirable photo- and electroactive properties of the PBI ligands are transferred to the nanoscale metallosupramolecule. Tetrahedron T absorbs strongly across the visible spectrum out to 650 nm and exhibits a total of 7 highly reversible electrochemical oxidation and reduction waves spanning a 3.0 V range. This facile cycling of 34 electrons between +18 and -16 charged species is likely enabled due to the porous nature of the tetrahedron that allows the necessary counterions to freely flow in and out of the host. Host-guest encapsulation of C60 by T in acetonitrile was studied by (13)C NMR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and ESI-MS, confirming that the tetrahedron is a suitable host for large, functional guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsuk Mahata
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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63
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Oshovsky GV, Rago G, Day JPR, Soudijn ML, Rock W, Parekh SH, Ciancaleoni G, Reek JNH, Bonn M. Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microspectroscopic Kinetic Study of Fast Hydrogen Bond Formation in Microfluidic Devices. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8923-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402233n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gennady V. Oshovsky
- Supramolecular
and Homogeneous Catalysis, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biosurface
Spectroscopy Group, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Rago
- Biosurface
Spectroscopy Group, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular
Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - James P. R. Day
- Biosurface
Spectroscopy Group, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten L. Soudijn
- Biosurface
Spectroscopy Group, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William Rock
- Molecular
Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Molecular
Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Supramolecular
and Homogeneous Catalysis, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Supramolecular
and Homogeneous Catalysis, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Biosurface
Spectroscopy Group, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular
Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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64
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Hermann K, Nakhla M, Gallucci J, Dalkilic E, Dastan A, Badjić JD. A Molecular Claw: A Dynamic Cavitand Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11313-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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65
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Hermann K, Nakhla M, Gallucci J, Dalkilic E, Dastan A, Badjić JD. A Molecular Claw: A Dynamic Cavitand Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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66
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Ito S, Takata H, Ono K, Iwasawa N. Release and Recovery of Guest Molecules during the Reversible Borate Gel Formation of Guest-Included Macrocyclic Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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67
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Ito S, Takata H, Ono K, Iwasawa N. Release and Recovery of Guest Molecules during the Reversible Borate Gel Formation of Guest-Included Macrocyclic Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11045-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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68
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Ning G, Inokuma Y, Fujita M. Dynamic Behavior of M
6
L
4
Capsules in Solution and Crystalline States. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2596-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐Hong Ning
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7‐3‐1, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8656 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐7257
| | - Yasuhide Inokuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7‐3‐1, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8656 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐7257
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7‐3‐1, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8656 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐7257
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69
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Abstract
This Account is about coaxing molecules into spaces barely big enough to contain them: encapsulation complexes. In capsules, synthetic modules assemble to fold around their molecular targets, isolate them from the medium for relatively long times, place them in a hydrophobic environment, and present them with functional groups. These arrangements also exist in the interior spaces of biology, and the consequences include the familiar features of enzymes: rapid reactions, stabilization of reactive intermediates, and catalysis. But inside capsules there are phenomena unknown to biology or historical chemistry, including new structures, new stereochemical relationships, and new reaction pathways. In encapsulation complexes, as in architecture, the space that is created by a structure determines what goes on inside. There are constant interactions between the container and contained molecules: encounters are not left to chance; they are prearranged, prolonged, and intense. Unlike architecture, these reversibly formed containers emerge only when a suitable guest is present. The components exist, but they cannot assemble without anything inside. Modifications of the capsule components give rise to the results of the present Account. The focus will be on how seemingly small changes in the encapsulation complexes, exchanging a C═S for a C═O, reducing an angle here and there, or replacing a hydrogen with a methyl, can lead to unexpectedly large differences in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Ajami
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California
| | - Julius Rebek
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California
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70
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Roberts CC, Chang CEA. Ligand Binding Pathway Elucidation for Cryptophane Host-Guest Complexes. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:2010-9. [PMID: 26583550 DOI: 10.1021/ct301023m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Modeling binding pathways can provide insight into molecular recognition, including kinetic mechanisms, barriers to binding, and gating effects. This work represents a novel computational approach, Hopping Minima, for the determination of conformational transitions of single molecules as well as binding pathways for molecular complexes. The method begins by thoroughly sampling a set of conformational minima for a molecular system. The natural motions of the system are modeled using the normal modes of the sampled minima. The natural motions are utilized to connect conformational minima and are finally combined to form association/binding pathways in the case of molecular complexes. We provide an implementation and example application of the method using alanine dipeptide and a set of chemical host-guest systems: two cryptophane hosts with two guest cations, trimethylammonium and tetramethylammonium. Our results demonstrate that conformational transitions can be modeled and extended to find binding pathways as well as energetic information relevant to the minimum conformations involved. This approach has advantages over simulation-based methods for studying systems with slow binding processes and can help design molecules with preferred binding kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chia-En A Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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71
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Ruan Y, Taha HA, Yoder RJ, Maslak V, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. The Prospect of Selective Recognition of Nerve Agents with Modular Basket-like Hosts. A Structure–Activity Study of the Entrapment of a Series of Organophosphonates in Aqueous Media. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:3240-9. [PMID: 23445375 DOI: 10.1021/jp401841w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yian Ruan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Hashem A. Taha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Ryan J. Yoder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Veselin Maslak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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72
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Hermann K, Sardini S, Ruan Y, Yoder RJ, Chakraborty M, Vyas S, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. Method for the Preparation of Derivatives of Heptiptycene: Toward Dual-Cavity Baskets. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2984-91. [PMID: 23445206 DOI: 10.1021/jo3027998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Hermann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Stephen Sardini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yian Ruan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ryan J. Yoder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mrinal Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shubham Vyas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
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73
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Wang BY, Stojanović S, Turner DA, Young TL, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. The entrapment of chiral guests with gated baskets: can a kinetic discrimination of enantiomers be governed through gating? Chemistry 2013; 19:4767-75. [PMID: 23436252 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of gated hosts for controlling a kinetic discrimination between stereoisomers is yet to be understood. To conduct corresponding studies, however, one needs to develop chiral, but modular and gated hosts. Accordingly, we used computational (RI-BP86/TZVP//RI-BP86/SV(P)) and experimental (NMR/CD/UV/Vis spectroscopy) methods to examine the transfer of chirality in gated baskets. We found that placing stereocenters of the same kind at the rim (R(1) =CH3, so-called bottom) and/or top amide positions (R(2) =sec-butyl) would direct the helical arrangement of the gates into a P or M propeller-like orientation. With the assistance of (1)H NMR spectroscopy, we quantified the intrinsic (thermodynamic) and constrictive (kinetic) binding affinities of (R)- and (S)-1,2-dibromopropane 5 toward baskets (S3b/P)-2, (S3t/M)-3, and (S3bt/P)-4. Interestingly, each basket has a low ( ≤1.3 kcal mol(-1)), but comparable (de<10%) affinity for entrapping enantiomeric (R/S)-5. In terms of the kinetics, basket (S3b/P)-2, with a set of S stereocenters at the bottom and P arrangement of the gates, would capture (R)-5 at a faster rate (kin(R)/kin(S) =2.0±0.2). Basket (S3t/M)-3, with a set of S centers at the top and M arrangement of the gates, however, trapped (S)-5 at a faster rate (kin(R)/kin(S) =0.30±0.05). In light of these findings, basket (S3bt/P)-4, with a set of S stereocenters installed at both top and bottom sites along with a P disposition of the gates, was found to have a lower ability to differentiate between enantiomeric (R/S)-5 (kin(R)/kin(S) =0.8). Evidently, the two sets of stereocenters in this "hybrid" host acted concurrently, each with the opposite effect on the entrapment kinetics. Gated baskets are hereby established to be a prototype for quantifying the kinetic discrimination of enantiomers through gating and elucidating the electronic/steric effects on the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
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74
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Turega S, Whitehead M, Hall BR, Meijer AJHM, Hunter CA, Ward MD. Shape-, Size-, and Functional Group-Selective Binding of Small Organic Guests in a Paramagnetic Coordination Cage. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:1122-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ic302498t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Turega
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin R. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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75
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Liu Y, Li ZT. A Dynamic Route to Structure and Function: Recent Advances in Imine-Based Organic Nanostructured Materials. Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of imine bond formation from simple aldehyde and amine precursors is among the most powerful dynamic covalent chemistries employed for the construction of discrete molecular objects and extended molecular frameworks. The reversible nature of the C=N bond confers error-checking and proof-reading capabilities in the self-assembly process within a multi-component reaction system. This review highlights recent progress in the self-assembly of complex organic molecular architectures that are enabled by dynamic imine chemistry, including molecular containers with defined geometry and size, mechanically interlocked molecules, and extended frameworks and polymers, from building blocks with preprogrammed steric and electronic information. The functional aspects associated with the nanometer-scale features not only place these dynamically constructed nanostructures at the frontier of materials sciences, but also bring unprecedented opportunities for the discovery of new functional materials.
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76
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Ruan Y, Wang BY, Erb JM, Chen S, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. On the role of guests in enforcing the mechanism of action of gated baskets. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:7667-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41511b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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77
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Shravani M, Balaiah S, Srinivas K, Bhanuprakash K, Huc I. Unusual Regioselective Electrophilic Substitutions in Quinoline Foldamers: Conceptual DFT and Frontier Molecular Orbital Analysis Reveal the Crucial Role of Folding and Substituents. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:3526-34. [PMID: 22887893 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madishetti Shravani
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
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78
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Ferrand Y, Chandramouli N, Kendhale AM, Aube C, Kauffmann B, Grélard A, Laguerre M, Dubreuil D, Huc I. Long-Range Effects on the Capture and Release of a Chiral Guest by a Helical Molecular Capsule. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11282-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja304322c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Ferrand
- Université Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de
Chimie Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie Biologie, 2 rue
Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Nagula Chandramouli
- Université Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de
Chimie Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie Biologie, 2 rue
Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Amol M. Kendhale
- Université Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de
Chimie Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie Biologie, 2 rue
Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Christophe Aube
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité:
Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, Faculté
des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP
92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Université Bordeaux,
Institut Européen de Chimie Biologie, UMS 3033/US 001, F-33600
Pessac, France
- CNRS, Institut
Européen de Chimie
Biologie, UMS 3033, F-33600 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Institut Européen
de Chimie Biologie, US 001, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Axelle Grélard
- Université Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de
Chimie Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie Biologie, 2 rue
Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Michel Laguerre
- Université Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de
Chimie Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie Biologie, 2 rue
Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Didier Dubreuil
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité:
Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, Faculté
des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP
92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Université Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de
Chimie Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie Biologie, 2 rue
Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
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79
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Hermann K, Turner DA, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. An Acid‐Catalyzed Cyclialkylation that Provides Rapid Access to a Twisted Molecular Basket. Chemistry 2012; 18:8301-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Hermann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18thAvenue, Columbus OH 43210 (USA), Fax: (+) 614‐292‐1685
| | - Daniel A. Turner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18thAvenue, Columbus OH 43210 (USA), Fax: (+) 614‐292‐1685
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18thAvenue, Columbus OH 43210 (USA), Fax: (+) 614‐292‐1685
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18thAvenue, Columbus OH 43210 (USA), Fax: (+) 614‐292‐1685
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80
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Wang BY, Žujović T, Turner DA, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. Design, Preparation, and Study of Catalytic Gated Baskets. J Org Chem 2012; 77:2675-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202443j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry,
The Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Teodora Žujović
- Department of Chemistry,
The Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Daniel A. Turner
- Department of Chemistry,
The Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry,
The Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry,
The Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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81
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Lee LC, Zhao Y. Size-selective phase-transfer catalysis with interfacially cross-linked reverse micelles. Org Lett 2012; 14:784-7. [PMID: 22273173 DOI: 10.1021/ol203319w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linking of the reverse micelles (RMs) of a triallylammonium surfactant afforded organic nanoparticles with introverted cationic groups. The cross-linked reverse micelles catalyzed size-selective biphasic reaction between sodium azide and alkyl bromides. Size selectivity of up to 9:1 was obtained for alkyl bromides with similar structures. The selectivity was influenced strongly by the size of the water pool and proposed to happen as a result of the "sieving" effect of the alkyl corona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, USA
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82
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Hermann K, Rieth S, Taha HA, Wang BY, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. On the mechanism of action of gated molecular baskets: The synchronicity of the revolving motion of gates and in/out trafficking of guests. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:90-9. [PMID: 22423275 PMCID: PMC3302102 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We used dynamic (1)H NMR spectroscopic methods to examine the kinetics and thermodynamics of CH(3)CCl(3) (2) entering and leaving the gated molecular basket 1. We found that the encapsulation is first-order in basket 1 and guest 2, while the decomplexation is zeroth-order in the guest. Importantly, the interchange mechanism in which a molecule of CH(3)CCl(3) directly displaces the entrapped CH(3)CCl(3) was not observed. Furthermore, the examination of the additivity of free energies characterizing the encapsulation process led to us to deduce that the revolving motion of the gates and in/out trafficking of guests is synchronized, yet still a function of the affinity of the guest for occupying the basket: Specifically, the greater the affinity of the guest for occupying the basket, the less effective the gates are in "sweeping" the guest as the gates undergo their revolving motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Hermann
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus OH, 43210, USA
| | - Stephen Rieth
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hashem A Taha
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bao-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus OH, 43210, USA
| | - Christopher M Hadad
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jovica D Badjić
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus OH, 43210, USA
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83
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Jiang W, Tiefenbacher K, Ajami D, Rebek J. Complexes within complexes: hydrogen bonding in capsules. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20829f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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84
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Waller MP, Kruse H, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Grimme S. Investigating inclusion complexes using quantum chemical methods. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:3119-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15244d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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85
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Shimada J, Maruyama T, Kitaoka M, Yoshinaga H, Nakano K, Kamiya N, Goto M. Programmable protein–protein conjugation via DNA-based self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6226-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30618b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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86
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Singh AS, Sun SS. Reversible encapsulation of a nitrate guest via hydrogen-bonded self-assembled capsule formation by a flexible tripodal receptor in polar solvent through dynamic self-assembly. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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87
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Stojanović S, Turner DA, Share AI, Flood AH, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. A stereodynamic and redox-switchable encapsulation-complex containing a copper ion held by a tris-quinolinyl basket. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4429-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30339f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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88
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89
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Yan X, Wei P, Zhang M, Chi X, Liu J, Huang F. [2]Pseudorotaxanes Based on the Recognition of Cryptands to Vinylogous Viologens. Org Lett 2011; 13:6370-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202657s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhou Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Peifa Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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90
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Wang BY, Turner DA, Zujović T, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. The Role of Chirality in Directing the Formation of Cup-Shaped Porphyrins and the Coordination Characteristics of such Hosts. Chemistry 2011; 17:8870-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100W 18thAvenue, Columbus OH (USA), Fax: (+1) 614-292-1685
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91
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Badjić JD, Stojanović S, Ruan Y. Kinetically and thermodynamically controlled syntheses of covalent molecular capsules. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386047-7.00001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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