51
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Movsisyan M, Delbeke EIP, Berton JKET, Battilocchio C, Ley SV, Stevens CV. Taming hazardous chemistry by continuous flow technology. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4892-928. [PMID: 27453961 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00902b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, flow technologies have become increasingly popular in the field of organic chemistry, offering solutions for engineering and/or chemical problems. Flow reactors enhance the mass and heat transfer, resulting in rapid reaction mixing, and enable a precise control over the reaction parameters, increasing the overall process selectivity, efficiency and safety. These features allow chemists to tackle unexploited challenges in their work, with the ultimate objective making chemistry more accessible for laboratory and industrial applications, avoiding the need to store and handle toxic, reactive and explosive reagents. This review covers some of the latest and most relevant developments in the field of continuous flow chemistry with the focus on hazardous reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Movsisyan
- SynBioC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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52
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Hu T, Baxendale IR, Baumann M. Exploring Flow Procedures for Diazonium Formation. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070918. [PMID: 27428944 PMCID: PMC6274498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of diazonium salts is historically an important transformation extensively utilized in dye manufacture. However the highly reactive nature of the diazonium functionality has additionally led to the development of many new reactions including several carbon-carbon bond forming processes. It is therefore highly desirable to determine optimum conditions for the formation of diazonium compounds utilizing the latest processing tools such as flow chemistry to take advantage of the increased safety and continuous manufacturing capabilities. Herein we report a series of flow-based procedures to prepare diazonium salts for subsequent in-situ consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Marcus Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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53
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Yu Z, Xie X, Dong H, Liu J, Su W. Continuous-Flow Process for the Synthesis of m-Nitrothioanisole. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Yu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta
Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xie
- National
Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta
Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hei Dong
- National
Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta
Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jiming Liu
- Key
Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment
of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Weike Su
- National
Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta
Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment
of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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54
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Tilley M, Li G, Savel P, Mallik D, Organ MG. Intelligent Continuous Collection Device for High-Pressure Flow Synthesis: Design and Implementation. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J
1P3
| | - Guanlong Li
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J
1P3
| | - Paul Savel
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J
1P3
| | - Debasis Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J
1P3
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J
1P3
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55
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Tsai AS, Curto JM, Rocke BN, Dechert-Schmitt AMR, Ingle GK, Mascitti V. One-Step Synthesis of Sulfonamides from N-Tosylhydrazones. Org Lett 2016; 18:508-11. [PMID: 26771228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first described reaction between N-tosylhydrazone and SO2 is reported to provide alkyl sulfonamides in the presence of various amines. In this procedurally simple method, hydrazones of both unsaturated aldehydes and ketones proceed in moderate to excellent yields. Primary and secondary aliphatic amines are accommodated in this reaction, which provides a novel route to sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy S Tsai
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John M Curto
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Benjamin N Rocke
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Gajendrasingh K Ingle
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Vincent Mascitti
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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56
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Deadman BJ, O'Mahony RM, Lynch D, Crowley DC, Collins SG, Maguire AR. Taming tosyl azide: the development of a scalable continuous diazo transfer process. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3423-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00246c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In situ generation and use of tosyl azide in flow enables enhanced safety and ready scale-up in diazo transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Deadman
- Department of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
| | - Rosella M. O'Mahony
- Department of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
| | - Denis Lynch
- Department of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
| | - Daniel C. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
| | - Stuart G. Collins
- Department of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- Department of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
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57
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Shukla CA, Kulkarni AA, Ranade VV. Selectivity engineering of the diazotization reaction in a continuous flow reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In situ generated diazonium salts are useful intermediates for the synthesis of fine chemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients. This paper presents a methodology for selectivity engineering of the diazotization reaction in continuous reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Shukla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) Campus
- Pune-411008
- India
- Chem. Eng. Proc. Dev. Division
| | - A. A. Kulkarni
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) Campus
- Pune-411008
- India
- Chem. Eng. Proc. Dev. Division
| | - V. V. Ranade
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) Campus
- Pune-411008
- India
- Chem. Eng. Proc. Dev. Division
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58
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Lau SH, Bourne SL, Martin B, Schenkel B, Penn G, Ley SV. Synthesis of a Precursor to Sacubitril Using Enabling Technologies. Org Lett 2015; 17:5436-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Hing Lau
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Samuel L. Bourne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | | | | | - Gerhard Penn
- Novartis
Pharma
AG, Postfach, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
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59
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Sokolyuk PA, Kondratov IS, Gavrylenko OV, Tolmachov AA. Synthesis of diverse pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chlorides starting from 2-(benzylthio)malonaldehyde. Mol Divers 2015; 20:1-7. [PMID: 26363794 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chlorides was obtained by a convenient 2-step method starting from synthetically available 2-(benzylthio)malonaldehyde. The method can be applied for the effective multi-gram synthesis of diverse pyrazole-containing sulfonyl chlorides which are mostly not available by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo A Sokolyuk
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 64 Volodymirska st., Kyiv, 33, 01033, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., 23 A. Matrosova st., Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine
| | - Ivan S Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd., 23 A. Matrosova st., Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine.
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Ukrainian Academy of Science, Murmanska 1, Kyiv, 94, 02660, Ukraine.
| | - Olexiy V Gavrylenko
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 64 Volodymirska st., Kyiv, 33, 01033, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., 23 A. Matrosova st., Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine
| | - Andrey A Tolmachov
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 64 Volodymirska st., Kyiv, 33, 01033, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., 23 A. Matrosova st., Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine
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60
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Yu Z, Tong G, Xie X, Zhou P, Lv Y, Su W. Continuous-Flow Process for the Synthesis of 2-Ethylphenylhydrazine Hydrochloride. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for
Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Gang Tong
- National Engineering Research Center for
Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for
Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for
Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yanwen Lv
- Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, P.R. China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for
Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
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61
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Gutmann B, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Continuous-flow technology—a tool for the safe manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6688-728. [PMID: 25989203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 879] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, continuous-flow reactors with channel dimensions in the micro- or millimeter region have found widespread application in organic synthesis. The characteristic properties of these reactors are their exceptionally fast heat and mass transfer. In microstructured devices of this type, virtually instantaneous mixing can be achieved for all but the fastest reactions. Similarly, the accumulation of heat, formation of hot spots, and dangers of thermal runaways can be prevented. As a result of the small reactor volumes, the overall safety of the process is significantly improved, even when harsh reaction conditions are used. Thus, microreactor technology offers a unique way to perform ultrafast, exothermic reactions, and allows the execution of reactions which proceed via highly unstable or even explosive intermediates. This Review discusses recent literature examples of continuous-flow organic synthesis where hazardous reactions or extreme process windows have been employed, with a focus on applications of relevance to the preparation of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Gutmann
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net.
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62
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Gutmann B, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Kontinuierliche Durchflussverfahren: ein Werkzeug für die sichere Synthese von pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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63
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Emmett EJ, Willis MC. The Development and Application of Sulfur Dioxide Surrogates in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Emmett
- Department of Chemistry; Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Department of Chemistry; Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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64
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Baumann M, Rodriguez Garcia AM, Baxendale IR. Flow synthesis of ethyl isocyanoacetate enabling the telescoped synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoles and pyrrolo-[1,2-c]pyrimidines. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4231-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00245a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The efficient flow synthesis of important heterocyclic building blocks based on the 1,2,4-triazole and pyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine scaffold has been achieved.
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65
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Ng JY, Wong JWH. Bioorthogonal labelling of 3-nitrotyrosine in peptides and proteins through diazotisation mediated azidation. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:374-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A bioorthogonal method of transforming 3-nitrotyrosine to 3-azidotyrosine is described, providing new opportunities to study 3-nitrotyrosine in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Y. Ng
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Jason W. H. Wong
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
- Australia
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66
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Khalaj M, Ghazanfarpour-Darjani M. Cross-coupling reaction of aryl diazonium salts with azodicarboxylate using FeCl2. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15875c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arene diazonium salts have been employed as the aryl source in reaction with dialkyl azodicarboxylates to form N-aryl hydrazide derivatives.
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67
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Oger N, Le Grognec E, Felpin FX. Handling diazonium salts in flow for organic and material chemistry. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diazonium salts and flow chemistry are the perfect wedding for a safe handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Oger
- Université de Nantes; UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
- CNRS UMR 6230
- CEISAM
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - Erwan Le Grognec
- Université de Nantes; UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
- CNRS UMR 6230
- CEISAM
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes; UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
- CNRS UMR 6230
- CEISAM
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
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68
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69
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Deadman BJ, Collins SG, Maguire AR. Taming Hazardous Chemistry in Flow: The Continuous Processing of Diazo and Diazonium Compounds. Chemistry 2014; 21:2298-308. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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70
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Oger N, d’Halluin M, Le Grognec E, Felpin FX. Using Aryl Diazonium Salts in Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions under Safer Conditions. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500299t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Oger
- Université de Nantes; UFR des Sciences et des Techniques,
CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Martin d’Halluin
- Université de Nantes; UFR des Sciences et des Techniques,
CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Erwan Le Grognec
- Université de Nantes; UFR des Sciences et des Techniques,
CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes; UFR des Sciences et des Techniques,
CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 103 blvd St Michel, 75005 Paris Cedex 5, France
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71
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Somerville K, Tilley M, Li G, Mallik D, Organ MG. A Flow Reactor with Inline Analytics: Design and Implementation. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op5002512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Guanlong Li
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Debasis Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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72
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Newby JA, Blaylock DW, Witt PM, Pastre JC, Zacharova MK, Ley SV, Browne DL. Design and Application of a Low-Temperature Continuous Flow Chemistry Platform. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500213j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Newby
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | | | - Paul M. Witt
- Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Julio C. Pastre
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Marija K. Zacharova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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73
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Gross U, Koos P, O'Brien M, Polyzos A, Ley SV. A General Continuous Flow Method for Palladium Catalysed Carbonylation Reactions Using Single and Multiple Tube-in-Tube Gas-Liquid Microreactors. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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74
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An Y, Zheng D, Wu J. Synthesis of 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)-methanesulfonohydrazides through insertion of sulfur dioxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11746-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05401f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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75
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Jacq J, Pasau P. Multistep Flow Synthesis of 5-Amino-2-aryl-2H-[1,2,3]-triazole-4-carbonitriles. Chemistry 2014; 20:12223-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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76
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He L, Qiu G, Gao Y, Wu J. Removal of amino groups from anilines through diazonium salt-based reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6965-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01286k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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77
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Synthesis of riboflavines, quinoxalinones and benzodiazepines through chemoselective flow based hydrogenations. Molecules 2014; 19:9736-59. [PMID: 25006783 PMCID: PMC6271593 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19079736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust chemical routes towards valuable bioactive entities such as riboflavines, quinoxalinones and benzodiazepines are described. These make use of modern flow hydrogenation protocols enabling the chemoselective reduction of nitro group containing building blocks in order to rapidly generate the desired amine intermediates in situ. In order to exploit the benefits of continuous processing the individual steps were transformed into a telescoped flow process delivering selected benzodiazepine products on scales of 50 mmol and 120 mmol respectively.
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78
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Nalivela KS, Tilley M, McGuire MA, Organ MG. Multicomponent, Flow Diazotization/Mizoroki-Heck Coupling Protocol: Dispelling Myths about Working with Diazonium Salts. Chemistry 2014; 20:6603-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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79
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Li W, Beller M, Wu XF. Catalytic conversion of aryl triazenes into aryl sulfonamides using sulfur dioxide as the sulfonyl source. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9513-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03481c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gaseous sulfur dioxide was incorporated into triazenes to form various sulfonamides, catalyzed by boron trifluoride and copper chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfang Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock, Germany
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80
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Abstract
The development and application of continuous flow chemistry methods for synthesis is a rapidly growing area of research. In particular, natural products provide demanding challenges to this developing technology. This review highlights successes in the area with an emphasis on new opportunities and technological advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Pastre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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81
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DeBergh JR, Niljianskul N, Buchwald SL. Synthesis of aryl sulfonamides via palladium-catalyzed chlorosulfonylation of arylboronic acids. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10638-41. [PMID: 23837740 DOI: 10.1021/ja405949a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed method for the preparation of sulfonamides is described. The process exhibits significant functional group tolerance and allows for the preparation of a number of arylsulfonyl chlorides and sulfonamides under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robb DeBergh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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82
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Continuous flow reactor for Balz–Schiemann reaction: a new procedure for the preparation of aromatic fluorides. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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83
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Bisseret P, Blanchard N. Taming sulfur dioxide: a breakthrough for its wide utilization in chemistry and biology. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5393-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40997j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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84
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Yu Z, Lv Y, Yu C. A Continuous Kilogram-Scale Process for the Manufacture of o-Difluorobenzene. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op300127x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Yu
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical
Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yanwen Lv
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical
Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials
Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou
324000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical
Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
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85
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Li B, Widlicka D, Boucher S, Hayward C, Lucas J, Murray JC, O’Neil BT, Pfisterer D, Samp L, VanAlsten J, Xiang Y, Young J. Telescoped Flow Process for the Syntheses of N-Aryl Pyrazoles. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op300209p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Li
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel Widlicka
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven Boucher
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cheryl Hayward
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John Lucas
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John C. Murray
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian T. O’Neil
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Pfisterer
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lacey Samp
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John VanAlsten
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yanqiao Xiang
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joseph Young
- Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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86
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Battilocchio C, Baxendale IR, Biava M, Kitching MO, Ley SV. A Flow-Based Synthesis of 2-Aminoadamantane-2-carboxylic Acid. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op300084z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Battilocchio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge
CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Ian R. Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge
CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Mariangela Biava
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Matthew O. Kitching
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge
CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge
CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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87
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Shu W, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective β-Arylation of Ketones Enabled by Lithiation/Borylation/1,4-Addition Sequence Under Flow Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5355-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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88
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Shu W, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective β-Arylation of Ketones Enabled by Lithiation/Borylation/1,4-Addition Sequence Under Flow Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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89
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Malet-Sanz
- World-Wide
Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Development API, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich
CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Flavien Susanne
- World-Wide
Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Development API, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich
CT13 9NJ, U.K
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90
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Rueping M, Bootwicha T, Sugiono E. Continuous-flow catalytic asymmetric hydrogenations: Reaction optimization using FTIR inline analysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:300-7. [PMID: 22423298 PMCID: PMC3302093 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric organocatalytic hydrogenation of benzoxazines, quinolines, quinoxalines and 3H-indoles in continuous-flow microreactors has been developed. Reaction monitoring was achieved by using an inline ReactIR flow cell, which allows fast and convenient optimization of reaction parameters. The reductions proceeded well, and the desired products were isolated in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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91
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Emmett EJ, Richards-Taylor CS, Nguyen B, Garcia-Rubia A, Hayter BR, Willis MC. Palladium-catalysed aminosulfonylation of aryl-, alkenyl- and heteroaryl halides: scope of the three-component synthesis of N-aminosulfonamides. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4007-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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92
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Piecing together the puzzle: understanding a mild, metal free reduction method for the large scale synthesis of hydrazines. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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93
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Shu W, Pellegatti L, Oberli MA, Buchwald SL. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Biaryls Enabled by Multistep Solid-Handling in a Lithiation/Borylation/Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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94
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Shu W, Pellegatti L, Oberli MA, Buchwald SL. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Biaryls Enabled by Multistep Solid-Handling in a Lithiation/Borylation/Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10665-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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95
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Baumann M, Baxendale IR, Kuratli C, Ley SV, Martin RE, Schneider J. Synthesis of a drug-like focused library of trisubstituted pyrrolidines using integrated flow chemistry and batch methods. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:405-13. [PMID: 21528880 DOI: 10.1021/co2000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A combination of flow and batch chemistries has been successfully applied to the assembly of a series of trisubstituted drug-like pyrrolidines. This study demonstrates the efficient preparation of a focused library of these pharmaceutically important structures using microreactor technologies, as well as classical parallel synthesis techniques, and thus exemplifies the impact of integrating innovative enabling tools within the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Ian R. Baxendale
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Christoph Kuratli
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Chemistry Technology and Innovation, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Rainer E. Martin
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Chemistry Technology and Innovation, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josef Schneider
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Chemistry Technology and Innovation, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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96
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Li P, Buchwald SL. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Oxindoles by a Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation/Alkylation Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:6396-400. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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97
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Li P, Buchwald SL. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Oxindoles by a Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation/Alkylation Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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98
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Browne DL, Baumann M, Harji BH, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. A New Enabling Technology for Convenient Laboratory Scale Continuous Flow Processing at Low Temperatures. Org Lett 2011; 13:3312-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan L. Browne
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K., and Cambridge Reactor Design, Unit D2 Brookfield Business Centre, Cottenham, CB24 8PS, U.K
| | - Marcus Baumann
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K., and Cambridge Reactor Design, Unit D2 Brookfield Business Centre, Cottenham, CB24 8PS, U.K
| | - Bashir H. Harji
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K., and Cambridge Reactor Design, Unit D2 Brookfield Business Centre, Cottenham, CB24 8PS, U.K
| | - Ian R. Baxendale
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K., and Cambridge Reactor Design, Unit D2 Brookfield Business Centre, Cottenham, CB24 8PS, U.K
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K., and Cambridge Reactor Design, Unit D2 Brookfield Business Centre, Cottenham, CB24 8PS, U.K
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99
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Browne DL, Deadman BJ, Ashe R, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. Continuous Flow Processing of Slurries: Evaluation of an Agitated Cell Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op2000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan L. Browne
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J. Deadman
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW United Kingdom
| | - Robert Ashe
- AM Technology, The Heath Business & Technical Park, Runcorn, Cheshire, WA7 4QX United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Baxendale
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW United Kingdom
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW United Kingdom
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100
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Lange H, Carter CF, Hopkin MD, Burke A, Goode JG, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. A breakthrough method for the accurate addition of reagents in multi-step segmented flow processing. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00603c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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