51
|
Cui C, Li X, Liu J, Hou Y, Zhao Y, Zhong G. Synthesis and Functions of Ag2S Nanostructures. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:431. [PMID: 26525702 PMCID: PMC4630320 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents a review about synthesis and applications of Ag2S nanostructures. As the modern photoelectric and biological materials, Ag2S nanomaterials are potentially useful for both structure and function purposes. Ag2S is a direction narrow band gap semiconductor with special properties. Ag2S nanostructures have been widely researched in chemistry and biochemistry fields because of their unusual optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. It can also be used in many fields, such as photovoltaic cells and infrared detector. In the past few years, Ag2S nanostructures have been synthesized by various methods. The article mainly discusses the four types of preparation methods. Moreover, this article shows a detailed review on the new properties, fabrication, and applications of Ag2S nanocrystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Cui
- School of Chemistry Science and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoru Li
- School of Chemistry Science and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jixian Liu
- School of Chemistry Science and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yongchao Hou
- School of Chemistry Science and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Chemistry Science and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Guocheng Zhong
- School of Chemistry Science and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Wang Z, Demopoulos GP. Growth of Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanocrystallites on TiO2 Nanorod Arrays as Novel Extremely Thin Absorber Solar Cell Structure via the Successive-Ion-Layer-Adsorption-Reaction Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:22888-22897. [PMID: 26422062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an environmentally benign semiconductor with excellent optoelectronic properties that attracts a lot of interest in thin film photovoltaics. In departure from that conventional configuration, we fabricate and test a novel absorber-conductor structure featuring in situ successive-ion-layer-adsorption-reaction (SILAR)-deposited CZTS nanocrystallites as a light absorber on one-dimensional TiO2 (rutile) nanorods as an electron conductor. The effectiveness of the nanoscale heterostructure in visible light harvesting and photoelectron generation is demonstrated with an initial short circuit current density of 3.22 mA/cm(2) and an internal quantum efficiency of ∼60% at the blue light region, revealing great potential in developing CZTS extremely thin absorber (ETA) solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wang
- Materials Engineering, McGill University , 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 0C5
| | - George P Demopoulos
- Materials Engineering, McGill University , 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 0C5
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Cobalt sulfide counter electrode using hydrothermal method for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
54
|
Sun S. Recent advances in hybrid Cu2O-based heterogeneous nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10850-10882. [PMID: 26059894 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid Cu2O-based heterogeneous nanostructures possess novel synergistic properties that arise from the integrated interaction between the disparate components, thereby showing promising potential for various important applications including solar cells, carbon monoxide oxidation, photocatalysts, field emission, sensors, templates and so on. With the rapid progress in nanomaterials science and nanotechnology, hybrid Cu2O-based heterogeneous nanostructures with well-controlled compositions, shapes and sizes have been rationally designed and synthesized. This review attempts to summarize the important advances in the development of different types of hybrid Cu2O-based heterogeneous nanostructures, such as hybrid Cu2O-metal nanostructures, hybrid Cu2O-metal oxide nanostructures and hybrid Cu2O-carbon nanostructures. The correlations between the improved performances and interfacial structures of the hybrid Cu2O-based heterogeneous nanostructures are discussed based on some important and representative examples. Several key scientific issues and perspective research directions in this field are also given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Sun
- School of Science, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Gui R, Jin H, Wang Z, Tan L. Recent advances in synthetic methods and applications of colloidal silver chalcogenide quantum dots. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
56
|
Misuk V, Schmidt M, Braukmann S, Giannopoulos K, Karl D, Loewe H. Segmented Flow-Based Multistep Synthesis of Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots with Narrow Particle Size Distribution. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
57
|
Tang J, Li J, Da P, Wang Y, Zheng G. Solar‐Energy‐Driven Photoelectrochemical Biosensing Using TiO
2
Nanowires. Chemistry 2015; 21:11288-99. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (China)
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203 (China)
| | - Peimei Da
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (China)
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (China)
| | - Gengfeng Zheng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (China)
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Shong B, Sandoval TE, Crow AM, Bent SF. Unidirectional Adsorption of Bifunctional 1,4-Phenylene Diisocyanide on the Ge(100)-2 × 1 Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1037-1041. [PMID: 26262866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of bifunctional organic molecules on semiconductor surfaces is important for surface modification; however, most bifunctional molecules previously studied have yielded mixtures of singly and dually tethered adsorbates. Here we report the adsorption of bifunctional 1,4-phenylene diisocyanide (PDI) on the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface, in which singly bound adsorbates are selectively produced. As shown by polarized multiple internal reflection infrared spectroscopy experiments and density functional theory calculations, PDI adsorbates form a single C-dative bonding configuration through one of the isocyanide functionalities, retaining one unreacted isocyanide moiety per adsorbate. The angle of the molecular axis is ∼30° from the surface normal. The delocalized π* molecular orbital of the free molecule is also preserved upon adsorption. These results demonstrate the potential usefulness of isocyanide adsorbates as a means toward selective organic functionalization of semiconductor surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonggeun Shong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tania E Sandoval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Allison M Crow
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Stacey F Bent
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Amoli V, Sibi MG, Banerjee B, Anand M, Maurya A, Farooqui SA, Bhaumik A, Sinha AK. Faceted titania nanocrystals doped with indium oxide nanoclusters as a superior candidate for sacrificial hydrogen evolution without any noble-metal cocatalyst under solar irradiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:810-822. [PMID: 25490530 DOI: 10.1021/am507293b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of unique nanoheterostructures consisting of indium oxide nanoclusters like species doped on the TiO2 nanocrystals surfaces with {101} and {001} exposed facets, resulted in unprecedented sacrificial hydrogen production (5.3 mmol h(-1) g(-1)) from water using methanol as a sacrificial agent, under visible light LED source and AM 1.5G solar simulator (10.3 mmol h(-1) g(-1)), which is the highest H2 production rate ever reported for titania based photocatalysts, without using any noble metal cocatalyst. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the nanostructures reveals the presence of Ti-O-In and In-O-In like species on the surface of nanostructures. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) elemental mapping and EDX spectroscopy techniques combined with transmission electron microscope evidenced the existence of nanoheterostructures. XPS, EELS, EDX, and HAADF-STEM tools collectively suggest the presence of indium oxide nanoclusters like species on the surface of TiO2 nanostructures. These indium oxide nanocluster doped TiO2 (In2O3/T{001}) single crystals with {101} and {001} exposed facets exhibited 1.3 times higher visible light photocatalytic H2 production than indium oxide nanocluster doped TiO2 nanocrystals with only {101}facets (In2O3/T{101}) exposed. The remarkable photocatalytic activity of the obtained nanoheterostructures is attributed to the combined synergetic effect of indium oxide nanoclusters interacting with the titania surface, enhanced visible light response, high crystallinity, and unique structural features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Amoli
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum , Dehradun 248005, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Punnoose D, Rao SS, Kim SK, Kim HJ. Exploring the effect of manganese in lead sulfide quantum dot sensitized solar cell to enhance the photovoltaic performance. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Better stability and higher performance of Mn-doped PbS/CdS/CdSe/ZnS QDSSCs (PCE = 4.25%) than that of PbS/CdS/CdSe/ZnS (PCE = 3.86%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinah Punnoose
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- South Korea
| | - S. Srinivasa Rao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- South Korea
| | - Soo-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- South Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Yadav N, Kumar S, Dhar R. Cadmium selenide quantum dots for the amelioration of the properties of a room temperature discotic liquid crystalline material. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17401e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of cadmium selenide quantum dots on a room temperature discotic liquid crystalline material has been studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Yadav
- Centre of Material Sciences
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad 211002
- India
| | | | - Ravindra Dhar
- Centre of Material Sciences
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad 211002
- India
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Mohan Kumar G, Ilanchezhiyan P, Madhan Kumar A, Shabi TS, Tamil Selvan S, Suresh S, Yuldashev SU, Kang TW. Chemically-derived CuO/In2O3-based nanocomposite for diode applications. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00853k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential of CuO-based nanocomposite synthesized through a facile surfactant-free wet chemical strategy has been demonstrated for photoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Mohan Kumar
- Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center
- Dongguk University
- Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - P. Ilanchezhiyan
- Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center
- Dongguk University
- Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A. Madhan Kumar
- Center of Research Excellence in Corrosion
- King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - T. S. Shabi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, China
| | - S. Tamil Selvan
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center
- NanoScience Technology Center
- Materials Science Engineering
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando, USA
| | - S. Suresh
- GT-CNRS-UMI Lab
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Metz, France
| | - Sh. U. Yuldashev
- Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center
- Dongguk University
- Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T. W. Kang
- Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center
- Dongguk University
- Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Li Y, Chopra N. Fabrication of nanoscale heterostructures comprised of graphene-encapsulated gold nanoparticles and semiconducting quantum dots for photocatalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:12881-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00928f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Patterned growth of multilayer graphene shell encapsulated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and their covalent linking with inorganic quantum dots are demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department
- Center for Materials for Information Technology (MINT)
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
| | - Nitin Chopra
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department
- Center for Materials for Information Technology (MINT)
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Wang Y, Tang J, Zhou T, Da P, Li J, Kong B, Yang Z, Zheng G. Reversible chemical tuning of charge carriers for enhanced photoelectrochemical conversion and probing of living cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4967-4974. [PMID: 25044916 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A facile, solution method for reversible tuning of oxygen vacancies inside TiO2 nanowires, in which the reducing treatment of TiO2 by NaBH4 leads to 2.4-fold increase of photocurrent density, compared to pristine TiO2 nanowires, is reported. Subsequent oxidizing treatment using KMnO4 or annealing in air can reset the photocurrent density to the original values. The incident photo-to-current conversion efficiency measurement exhibits that the reduced TiO2 nanowires present both enhanced photoactivity in both UV and visible regions. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the oxygen vacancies in the reduced TiO2 cause defect states in the band structure and result in enhanced carrier density and conductivity. In addition, the enhanced solar energy-driven photoelectrochemical conversion allows real-time, sensitive chemical probing of living cells that are directly grown on the TiO2 nanowire photoanodes. As proofs-of-concept, after functionalized with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the surface, the reduced TiO2 NWs demonstrate sensitive, real-time monitoring of the H2O2 levels in several distinctive living cell lines, with the lowest detectable H2O2 concentration of 7.7 nM. This reversible tuning of oxygen vacancies suggests a facile means for transition metal oxides, with enhanced photoconversion activity and electrochemical sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Wigger H, Zimmermann T, Pade C. Broadening our view on nanomaterials: highlighting potentials to contribute to a sustainable materials management in preliminary assessments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10669-014-9530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
66
|
Kern ME, Watson DF. Linker-assisted attachment of CdSe quantum dots to TiO2: Time- and concentration-dependent adsorption, agglomeration, and sensitized photocurrent. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:13293-13300. [PMID: 25333329 DOI: 10.1021/la503211k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized the concentration and time dependences of the attachment of colloidal CdSe quantum dots (QDs) to 16-mercaptohexadanoic acid (MHDA)-functionalized nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films. The amount of QDs and the extent of their agglomeration on MHDA-functionalized TiO2 films were characterized by transmission- and reflectance-mode UV/vis absorption spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Optically transparent films with spatially homogeneous coloration and minimal agglomeration of QDs were prepared from 2.2 and 5.0 μM toluene dispersions of QDs at short reaction times (<5 h). In contrast, prolonged exposure of MHDA-functionalized TiO2 films to 22 μM dispersions of QDs yielded relatively opaque QD-functionalized films with spatially inhomogeneous coloration and substantial agglomeration of QDs. Agglomeration of QDs decreased the absorbed photon-to-current efficiencies of QD-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) by almost 3-fold. These results highlight the profound influence of agglomeration on the optical properties and interfacial electron-transfer reactivity of QD-functionalized TiO2 films prepared by in situ linker-assisted assembly as well as the photoelectrochemical performance of QDSSCs incorporating such films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Kern
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Xu J, Xue H, Yang X, Wei H, Li W, Li Z, Zhang W, Lee CS. Synthesis of honeycomb-like mesoporous pyrite FeS2 microspheres as efficient counter electrode in quantum dots sensitized solar cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4754-4759. [PMID: 24986216 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Honeycomb-like mesoporous pyrite FeS2 microspheres, with diameters of 500-800 nm and pore sizes of 25-30 nm, are synthesized by a simple solvothermal approach. The mesoporous FeS2 microspheres are demonstrated to be an outstanding counter electrode (CE) material in quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) for electrocatalyzing polysulfide electrolyte regeneration. The cell using mesoporous FeS2 microspheres as CE shows 86.6% enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) than the cell using traditional noble Pt CE. Furthermore, it also shows 11.4% enhancement in PCE than the cell using solid FeS2 microspheres as CE, due to the mesoporous structure facilitating better contact with polysulfide electrolyte and fast diffusion of redox couple species in electrolyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China; Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Shi Y, Tan L, Chen Y. Dye-sensitized nanoarrays with discotic liquid crystals as interlayer for high-efficiency inverted polymer solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:17848-17856. [PMID: 25269148 DOI: 10.1021/am505640t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The well-aligned and highly uniform one-dimensional ZnO with organic dyes core/shell (ZNs) and ZnO with dyes and liquid crystals core/double-shells nanoarrays (ZNLs) with controllable lengths were fabricated as electron transport layers (ETLs) in inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs). Ditetrabutylammonium cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato) ruthenium(II) dye (N719) was presented to reduce the surface defects of ZnO nanoarrays (NAs). In addition, the shell modification could decrease the electron injection barrier between ZnO and active layer, thereby facilitating electron injection effectively and forming a direct electron transport channel into the cathode. Due to the orientation of nanoarrays and the self-organization of 3,6,7,10,11-pentakis(hexyloxy)-2-hydroxytriphenylene liquid crystals (LCs) in liquid crystalline mesophase and isotropic phase transition, the components of active layer would be driven rearrange and infiltrate among the interspaces of nanoarrays more orderly. The increased interfacial contact between cathode and active layer would benefit charge generation, transportation and collection. On the basis of these advantages, it was found the N719 shell and N719/LCs double-shells modifications of ZnO NAs could boost the photovoltaic performance of PSCs with the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.3% and 8.0%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Shi
- Institute of Polymers/College of Chemistry, Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Wang H, Barceló I, Lana-Villarreal T, Gómez R, Bonn M, Cánovas E. Interplay between structure, stoichiometry, and electron transfer dynamics in SILAR-based quantum dot-sensitized oxides. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:5780-6. [PMID: 25238147 DOI: 10.1021/nl5026634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We quantify the rate and efficiency of picosecond electron transfer (ET) from PbS nanocrystals, grown by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR), into a mesoporous SnO2 support. Successive SILAR deposition steps allow for stoichiometry- and size-variation of the QDs, characterized using transmission electron microscopy. Whereas for sulfur-rich (p-type) QD surfaces substantial electron trapping at the QD surface occurs, for lead-rich (n-type) QD surfaces, the QD trapping channel is suppressed and the ET efficiency is boosted. The ET efficiency increase achieved by lead-rich QD surfaces is found to be QD-size dependent, increasing linearly with QD surface area. On the other hand, ET rates are found to be independent of both QD size and surface stoichiometry, suggesting that the donor-acceptor energetics (constituting the driving force for ET) are fixed due to Fermi level pinning at the QD/oxide interface. Implications of our results for QD-sensitized solar cell design are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Xu J, Yang X, Yang Q, Zhang W, Lee CS. Phase conversion from hexagonal CuS(y)Se(1-y) to cubic Cu(2-x)S(y)Se(1-y): composition variation, morphology evolution, optical tuning, and solar cell applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:16352-16359. [PMID: 25162581 DOI: 10.1021/am5046247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a simple and low-temperature approach for the controllable synthesis of ternary Cu-S-Se alloys featuring tunable crystal structures, compositions, morphologies, and optical properties. Hexagonal CuS(y)Se(1-y) nanoplates and face centered cubic (fcc) Cu(2-x)S(y)Se(1-y) single-crystal-like stacked nanoplate assemblies are synthesized, and their phase conversion mechanism is well investigated. It is found that both copper content and chalcogen composition (S/Se atomic ratio) of the Cu-S-Se alloys are tunable during the phase conversion process. Formation of the unique single-crystal-like stacked nanoplate assemblies is resulted from oriented stacking coupled with the Ostwald ripening effect. Remarkably, optical tuning for continuous red shifts of both the band-gap absorption and the near-infrared localized surface plasmon resonance are achieved. Furthermore, the novel Cu-S-Se alloys are utilized for the first time as highly efficient counter electrodes (CEs) in quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs), showing outstanding electrocatalytic activity for polysulfide electrolyte regeneration and yielding a 135% enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) as compared to the noble metal Pt counter electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Yin Y, Sun Y, Yu M, Liu X, Yang B, Liu D, Liu S, Cao W, Ashfold MNR. Arrays of nanorods composed of ZnO nanodots exhibiting enhanced UV emission and stability. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:10746-10751. [PMID: 25099781 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01558d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel one-step coating and assembly approach for fabricating well-defined ZnO nanodot/SiO₂ nanorod arrays by hydrolysis-recrystallization growth from 1-D ZnO nanorods is described. The resultant composite nanorod arrays exhibit much enhanced UV emission efficiencies and excellent stability, and thus offer particular promise for application in UV emission devices operating in harsh environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yin
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Faber MS, Lukowski MA, Ding Q, Kaiser NS, Jin S. Earth-Abundant Metal Pyrites (FeS 2, CoS 2, NiS 2, and Their Alloys) for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution and Polysulfide Reduction Electrocatalysis. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2014; 118:21347-21356. [PMID: 25247028 PMCID: PMC4167051 DOI: 10.1021/jp506288w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Many materials have been explored as potential hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts to generate clean hydrogen fuel via water electrolysis, but none so far compete with the highly efficient and stable (but cost prohibitive) noble metals. Similarly, noble metals often excel as electrocatalytic counter electrode materials in regenerative liquid-junction photoelectrochemical solar cells, such as quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) that employ the sulfide/polysulfide redox electrolyte as the hole mediator. Here, we systematically investigate thin films of the earth-abundant pyrite-phase transition metal disulfides (FeS2, CoS2, NiS2, and their alloys) as promising alternative electrocatalysts for both the HER and polysulfide reduction. Their electrocatalytic activity toward the HER is correlated to their composition and morphology. The emergent trends in their performance suggest that cobalt plays an important role in facilitating the HER, with CoS2 exhibiting highest overall performance. Additionally, we demonstrate the high activity of the transition metal pyrites toward polysulfide reduction and highlight the particularly high intrinsic activity of NiS2, which could enable improved QDSSC performance. Furthermore, structural disorder introduced by alloying different transition metal pyrites could increase their areal density of active sites for catalysis, leading to enhanced performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Faber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mark A. Lukowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Qi Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas S. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Xu J, Chen Z, Zapien JA, Lee CS, Zhang W. Surface engineering of ZnO nanostructures for semiconductor-sensitized solar cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:5337-67. [PMID: 24817111 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor-sensitized solar cells (SSCs) are emerging as promising devices for achieving efficient and low-cost solar-energy conversion. The recent progress in the development of ZnO-nanostructure-based SSCs is reviewed here, and the key issues for their efficiency improvement, such as enhancing light harvesting and increasing carrier generation, separation, and collection, are highlighted from aspects of surface-engineering techniques. The impact of other factors such as electrolyte and counter electrodes on the photovoltaic performance is also addressed. The current challenges and perspectives for the further advance of ZnO-based SSCs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China; Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, P. R. China; School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Jiang R, Li B, Fang C, Wang J. Metal/Semiconductor hybrid nanostructures for plasmon-enhanced applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:5274-309. [PMID: 24753398 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanostructures composed of semiconductor and plasmonic metal components are receiving extensive attention. They display extraordinary optical characteristics that are derived from the simultaneous existence and close conjunction of localized surface plasmon resonance and semiconduction, as well as the synergistic interactions between the two components. They have been widely studied for photocatalysis, plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy, biotechnology, and solar cells. In this review, the developments in the field of (plasmonic metal)/semiconductor hybrid nanostructures are comprehensively described. The preparation of the hybrid nanostructures is first presented according to the semiconductor type, as well as the nanostructure morphology. The plasmonic properties and the enabled applications of the hybrid nanostructures are then elucidated. Lastly, possible future research in this burgeoning field is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Jiang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Li Q, Yuan Y, Chen Z, Jin X, Wei TH, Li Y, Qin Y, Sun W. Core-shell nanophosphor architecture: toward efficient energy transport in inorganic/organic hybrid solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:12798-12807. [PMID: 24967836 DOI: 10.1021/am5027709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a core-shell nanostructure of samarium phosphates encapsulated into a Eu(3+)-doped silica shell has been successfully fabricated, which has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM. Moreover, we report the energy transfer process from the Sm(3+) to emitters Eu(3+) that widens the light absorption range of the hybrid solar cells (HSCs) and the strong enhancement of the electron-transport of TiO2/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) bulk heterojunction (BHJ) HSCs by introducing the unique core-shell nanoarchitecture. Furthermore, by applying femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we successfully obtain the electron transport lifetimes of BHJ systems with or without incorporating the core-shell nanophosphors (NPs). Concrete evidence has been provided that the doping of core-shell NPs improves the efficiency of electron transfers from donor to acceptor, but the hole transport almost remains unchanged. In particular, the hot electron transfer lifetime was shortened from 30.2 to 16.7 ps, i.e., more than 44% faster than pure TiO2 acceptor. Consequently, a notable power conversion efficiency of 3.30% for SmPO4@Eu(3+):SiO2 blended TiO2/P3HT HSCs is achieved at 5 wt % as compared to 1.98% of pure TiO2/P3HT HSCs. This work indicates that the core-shell NPs can efficiently broaden the absorption region, facilitate electron-transport of BHJ, and enhance photovoltaic performance of inorganic/organic HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistant Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Faber MS, Dziedzic R, Lukowski MA, Kaiser NS, Ding Q, Jin S. High-Performance Electrocatalysis Using Metallic Cobalt Pyrite (CoS2) Micro- and Nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10053-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504099w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1068] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Faber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Rafal Dziedzic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mark A. Lukowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas S. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Qi Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Wang Y, Tang J, Peng Z, Wang Y, Jia D, Kong B, Elzatahry AA, Zhao D, Zheng G. Fully solar-powered photoelectrochemical conversion for simultaneous energy storage and chemical sensing. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:3668-73. [PMID: 24823370 DOI: 10.1021/nl5014579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a multifunctional, solar-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC)-pseudocapacitive-sensing material system for simultaneous solar energy conversion, electrochemical energy storage, and chemical detection. The TiO2 nanowire/NiO nanoflakes and the Si nanowire/Pt nanoparticle composites are used as photoanodes and photocathodes, respectively. A stable open-circuit voltage of ∼0.45 V and a high pseudocapacitance of up to ∼455 F g(-1) are obtained, which also exhibit a repeating charging-discharging capability. The PEC-pseudocapacitive device is fully solar powered, without the need of any external power supply. Moreover, this TiO2 nanowire/NiO nanoflake composite photoanode exhibits excellent glucose sensitivity and selectivity. Under the sun light illumination, the PEC photocurrent shows a sensitive increase upon different glucose additions. Meanwhile in the dark, the open-circuit voltage of the charged pseudocapacitor also exhibits a corresponding signal over glucose analyte, thus serving as a full solar-powered energy conversion-storage-utilization system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Jin X, Sun W, Chen Z, Wei T, Chen C, He X, Yuan Y, Li Y, Li Q. Exciton generation/dissociation/charge-transfer enhancement in inorganic/organic hybrid solar cells by robust single nanocrystalline LnPxOy (Ln = Eu, Y) doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:8771-8781. [PMID: 24835845 DOI: 10.1021/am501597k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature solution-processed photovoltaics suffer from low efficiencies because of poor exciton or electron-hole transfer. Inorganic/organic hybrid solar cell, although still in its infancy, has attracted great interest thus far. One of the promising ways to enhance exciton dissociation or electron-hole transport is the doping of lanthanide phosphate ions. However, the underlying photophysical mechanism remains poorly understood. Herein, by applying femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we successfully distinguished hot electron, less energetic electron, hole transport from electron-hole recombination. Concrete evidence has been provided that lanthanide phosphate doping improves the efficiency of both hot electron and "less energetic" electron transfers from donor to acceptor, but the hole transport almost remains unchanged. In particular, the hot electron transfer lifetime was shortened from 30.2 to 12.7 ps, that is, more than 60% faster than pure TiO2 acceptor. Such improvement was ascribed to the facts that the conduction band (CB) edge energy level of TiO2 has been elevated by 0.2 eV, while the valence band level almost remains unchanged, thus not only narrowing the energy offset between CB levels of TiO2 and P3HT, but also meanwhile enlarging the band gap of TiO2 itself that permits one to inhibit electron-hole recombination within TiO2. Consequently, lanthanide phosphate doped TiO2/P3HT bulk-heterojunction solar cell has been demonstrated to be a promising hybrid solar cell, and a notable power conversion efficiency of 2.91% is therefore attained. This work indicates that lanthanide compound ions can efficiently facilitate exciton generation, dissociation, and charge transport, thus enhancing photovoltaic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing, Ministry of Education, Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Wang X, Zhan S, Wang Y, Wang P, Yu H, Yu J, Hu C. Facile synthesis and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of Ag2S nanocrystal-sensitized Ag8W4O16 nanorods. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 422:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
80
|
Deng K, Li L. CdS nanoscale photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:2619-35. [PMID: 24634326 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
CdS nanostructures have received much attention in recent years as building blocks for optoelectronic devices due to their unique physical and chemical properties. This progress report provides an overview of recent research about rational design of CdS nanoscale photodetectors. Three kinds of photodetectors according to the metal-semiconductor contact types are discussed in detail: Ohmic contact, Schottky contact, and field enhanced transistor configuration. The focus is on the tuning of optical and electrical properties CdS nanostructures by element doping, composition and bandgap engineering, and heterojunction integration, along with thus modified device performances generated during these tuning processes. Latest concepts of photodetector design such as flexible, self-powered, plasmonic, and piezophototronic photodetectors with novel properties are introduced to demonstrate the future directions of such an exciting research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaimo Deng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
|
82
|
Yang Y, Lian T. Multiple exciton dissociation and hot electron extraction by ultrafast interfacial electron transfer from PbS QDs. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
83
|
Nalla V, Ho JCW, Batabyal SK, Wang Y, Tok AIY, Sun H, Wong LH, Zheludev N. Photophysical investigation of charge recombination in CdS/ZnO layers of CuIn(S,Se) 2 solar cell. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10933c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond transient photocurrents were measured on CuIn(S,Se)2 solar cell devices. The reasons for lower EQE below 450 nm wavelength excitations were investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatram Nalla
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | - John C. W. Ho
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | - Sudip K. Batabyal
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N)
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | - Yue Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | - Alfred I. Y. Tok
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | - Handong Sun
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
| | - Lydia H. Wong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | - Nikolay Zheludev
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Abstract
TiO2@CdSe/CdS hollow nanospheres solar paint were fabricated and directly applied in quantum dot-sensitized solar cell. The reliable conversion efficiency of 0.79 was achieved with a current density of 6.6 mA cm−2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Technology
- Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Technology
- Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Technology
- Nanjing, China
| | - Xingfu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Technology
- Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Tan Y, Jin S, Hamers RJ. Photostability of CdSe quantum dots functionalized with aromatic dithiocarbamate ligands. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12975-12983. [PMID: 24256318 DOI: 10.1021/am403744g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic ligands are widely used to enhance the ability of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) to resist photodegradation processes such as photo-oxidation. Because long alkyl chains may adversely affect the performance of QD devices that require fast and efficient charge transfer, shorter aromatic ligands are of increasing interest. In this work, we characterize the formation of phenyl dithiocarbamate (DTC) adducts on CdSe surfaces and the relative effectiveness of different para-substituted phenyl dithiocarbamates to enhance the aqueous photostability of CdSe QDs on TiO2. Optical absorption and photoluminescence measurements show that phenyl DTC ligands can be highly effective at reducing QD photocorrosion in water, and that ligands bearing electron-donating substituents are the most effective. A comparison of the QD photostability resulting from use of ligands bearing DTC versus thiol surface-binding groups shows that the DTC group provides greater QD photostability. Density functional calculations with natural bond order analysis show that the effectiveness of substituted phenyl DTC results from the ability of these ligands to remove positive charge away from the CdSe and to delocalize positive charge on the ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizheng Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Sun M, Zhu D, Ji W, Jing P, Wang X, Xiang W, Zhao J. Exploring the effect of band alignment and surface states on photoinduced electron transfer from CuInS2/CdS core/shell quantum dots to TiO2 electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12681-12688. [PMID: 24206570 DOI: 10.1021/am4040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer (ET) processes from CuInS2/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) with different core sizes and shell thicknesses to TiO2 electrodes were investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The ET rates and efficiencies from CuInS2/CdS QDs to TiO2 were superior to those of CuInS2/ZnS QDs. An enhanced ET efficiency was surprisingly observed for 2.0 nm CuInS2 core QDs after growth of the CdS shell. On the basis of the experimental and theoretical analysis, the improved performances of CuInS2/CdS QDs were attributed to the passivation of nonradiative traps by overcoating shell and enhanced delocalization of electron wave function from core to CdS shell due to lower conduction band offset. These results indicated that the electron distribution regulated by the band alignment between core and shell of QDs and the passivation of surface defect states could improve ET performance between donor and acceptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingye Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Qu Y, Zhou W, Fu H. Porous Cobalt Titanate Nanorod: A New Candidate for Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Water Oxidation. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
88
|
Liu C, Mu L, Jia J, Zhou X, Lin Y. Boosting the cell efficiency of CdSe quantum dot sensitized solar cell via a modified ZnS post-treatment. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
89
|
Xing G, Mathews N, Sun S, Lim SS, Lam YM, Gratzel M, Mhaisalkar S, Sum TC. Long-Range Balanced Electron- and Hole-Transport Lengths in Organic-Inorganic CH3NH3PbI3. Science 2013; 342:344-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1243167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5345] [Impact Index Per Article: 485.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
90
|
Forticaux A, Hacialioglu S, DeGrave JP, Dziedzic R, Jin S. Three-dimensional mesoscale heterostructures of ZnO nanowire arrays epitaxially grown on CuGaO2 nanoplates as individual diodes. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8224-32. [PMID: 23952783 DOI: 10.1021/nn4037078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report a three-dimensional (3D) mesoscale heterostructure composed of one-dimensional (1D) nanowire (NW) arrays epitaxially grown on two-dimensional (2D) nanoplates. Specifically, three facile syntheses are developed to assemble vertical ZnO NWs on CuGaO2 (CGO) nanoplates in mild aqueous solution conditions. The key to the successful 3D mesoscale integration is the preferential nucleation and heteroepitaxial growth of ZnO NWs on the CGO nanoplates. Using transmission electron microscopy, heteroepitaxy was found between the basal planes of CGO nanoplates and ZnO NWs, which are their respective (001) crystallographic planes, by the observation of a hexagonal Moiré fringes pattern resulting from the slight mismatch between the c planes of ZnO and CGO. Careful analysis shows that this pattern can be described by a hexagonal supercell with a lattice parameter of almost exactly 11 and 12 times the a lattice constants for ZnO and CGO, respectively. The electrical properties of the individual CGO-ZnO mesoscale heterostructures were measured using a current-sensing atomic force microscopy setup to confirm the rectifying p-n diode behavior expected from the band alignment of p-type CGO and n-type ZnO wide band gap semiconductors. These 3D mesoscale heterostructures represent a new motif in nanoassembly for the integration of nanomaterials into functional devices with potential applications in electronics, photonics, and energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Forticaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Pu YC, Wang G, Chang KD, Ling Y, Lin YK, Fitzmorris BC, Liu CM, Lu X, Tong Y, Zhang JZ, Hsu YJ, Li Y. Au nanostructure-decorated TiO2 nanowires exhibiting photoactivity across entire UV-visible region for photoelectrochemical water splitting. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:3817-23. [PMID: 23899318 DOI: 10.1021/nl4018385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that the photoactivity of Au-decorated TiO2 electrodes for photoelectrochemical water oxidation can be effectively enhanced in the entire UV-visible region from 300 to 800 nm by manipulating the shape of the decorated Au nanostructures. The samples were prepared by carefully depositing Au nanoparticles (NPs), Au nanorods (NRs), and a mixture of Au NPs and NRs on the surface of TiO2 nanowire arrays. As compared with bare TiO2, Au NP-decorated TiO2 nanowire electrodes exhibited significantly enhanced photoactivity in both the UV and visible regions. For Au NR-decorated TiO2 electrodes, the photoactivity enhancement was, however, observed in the visible region only, with the largest photocurrent generation achieved at 710 nm. Significantly, TiO2 nanowires deposited with a mixture of Au NPs and NRs showed enhanced photoactivity in the entire UV-visible region. Monochromatic incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency measurements indicated that excitation of surface plasmon resonance of Au is responsible for the enhanced photoactivity of Au nanostructure-decorated TiO2 nanowires. Photovoltage experiment showed that the enhanced photoactivity of Au NP-decorated TiO2 in the UV region was attributable to the effective surface passivation of Au NPs. Furthermore, 3D finite-difference time domain simulation was performed to investigate the electrical field amplification at the interface between Au nanostructures and TiO2 upon SPR excitation. The results suggested that the enhanced photoactivity of Au NP-decorated TiO2 in the UV region was partially due to the increased optical absorption of TiO2 associated with SPR electrical field amplification. The current study could provide a new paradigm for designing plasmonic metal/semiconductor composite systems to effectively harvest the entire UV-visible light for solar fuel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chih Pu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Mirhosseini Moghaddam M, Baghbanzadeh M, Sadeghpour A, Glatter O, Kappe CO. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of CdSe Quantum Dots: A Size-Tunable and Scalable Approach. Chemistry 2013; 19:11629-36. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
93
|
Kundu P, Anumol EA, Ravishankar N. Pristine nanomaterials: synthesis, stability and applications. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:5215-5224. [PMID: 23674238 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00382e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Capping-free and linker-free nanostructures/hybrids possess superior properties due to the presence of pristine surfaces and interfaces. In this review, various methods for synthesizing pristine nanomaterials are presented along with the general principles involved in their morphology control. In wet chemical synthesis, the interplay between various reaction parameters results in diverse morphology. The fundamental principles behind the evolution of morphology including nanoporous aggregates of metals and other inorganic materials, 2D nanocrystals of metals is elucidated by capping-free methods in aqueous medium. In addition, strategies leading to the attachment of bare noble metal nanoparticles to functional oxide supports/reduced graphene oxide has been demonstrated which can serve as a simple solution for obtaining thermally stable and efficient supported catalysts with free surfaces. Solution based synthesis of linker-free oxide-semiconductor hybrids and capping-free metal nanowires on substrates are also discussed in this context with ZnO/CdS and ultrathin Au nanowires as examples. A simple and rapid microwave-assisted method is highlighted for obtaining such hybrids which can be employed for high-yield production of similar materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Kundu
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Faber MS, Park K, Cabán-Acevedo M, Santra PK, Jin S. Earth-Abundant Cobalt Pyrite (CoS2) Thin Film on Glass as a Robust, High-Performance Counter Electrode for Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1843-1849. [PMID: 26283119 DOI: 10.1021/jz400642e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a cobalt pyrite (cobalt disulfide, CoS2) thin film on glass as a robust, high-performance, low-cost, earth-abundant counter electrode for liquid-junction quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) that employ the aqueous sulfide/polysulfide (S(2-)/Sn(2-)) redox electrolyte as the hole-transporting medium. The metallic CoS2 thin film electrode is prepared via thermal sulfidation of a cobalt film deposited on glass and has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Using the CoS2 counter electrode, CdS/CdSe-sensitized QDSSCs display improved short-circuit photocurrent density and fill factor, achieving solar light-to-electricity conversion efficiencies as high as 4.16%, with an average efficiency improvement of 54 (±14)% over equivalent devices assembled with a traditional platinum counter electrode. Electrochemical measurements verify that CoS2 shows high electrocatalytic activity toward polysulfide reduction, rationalizing the improved QDSSC performance. CoS2 is also less susceptible to poisoning by the sulfide/polysulfide electrolyte, a problem that plagues platinum electrodes in this application; furthermore, CoS2 exhibits excellent stability in sulfide/polysulfide electrolyte, resulting in highly reproducible performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Faber
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kwangsuk Park
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Miguel Cabán-Acevedo
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Pralay K Santra
- ‡Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Song Jin
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|