51
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Affiliation(s)
- Debayan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; 769008 Rourkela India
| | - Nabakumar Bera
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; 769008 Rourkela India
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 700032 Jadavpur Kolkata India
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52
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Zhu Y, Colomer I, Donohoe TJ. Hypervalent iodine initiated intramolecular alkene dimerisation: a stereodivergent entry to cyclobutanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10316-10319. [PMID: 31402367 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04383g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new methods for the stereoselective synthesis of strained carbocycles is a challenging but worthwhile endeavour. Cyclobutanes, in particular, have attracted the attention of both medicinal chemists and material scientists for their unique properties. Herein, we present a new method that allows access to highly functionalized cyclobutanes with complementary all-trans and trans-cis-trans relative stereochemistry, that could not be accessed before. This approach consists of an intramolecular dimerisation of non-conjugated dienes using an oxidative single electron transfer (SET) process, and is initiated by catalytic amounts of hypervalent iodine reagents. The potential uses of these cyclobutanes is demonstrated with selective functionalization, including the formation of diols and carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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53
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Zhao LM, Lei T, Liao RZ, Xiao H, Chen B, Ramamurthy V, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Visible-Light-Triggered Selective Intermolecular [2+2] Cycloaddition of Extended Enones: 2-Oxo-3-enoates and 2,4-Dien-1-ones with Olefins. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9257-9269. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | | | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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54
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Zhang B, Li Y, Jiao M, Ju YW, Chen BZ. Insight into the origins of the reactivity and selectivity for the aminocatalytic [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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55
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Farney EP, Chapman SJ, Swords WB, Torelli MD, Hamers RJ, Yoon TP. Discovery and Elucidation of Counteranion Dependence in Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6385-6391. [PMID: 30897327 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a renewed interest in the use of transition metal polypyridyl complexes as photoredox catalysts for a variety of innovative synthetic applications. Many derivatives of these complexes are known, and the effect of ligand modifications on their efficacy as photoredox catalysts has been the subject of extensive, systematic investigation. However, the influence of the photocatalyst counteranion has received little attention, despite the fact that these complexes are generally cationic in nature. Herein, we demonstrate that counteranion effects exert a surprising, dramatic impact on the rate of a representative photocatalytic radical cation Diels-Alder reaction. A detailed analysis reveals that counteranion identity impacts multiple aspects of the reaction mechanism. Most notably, photocatalysts with more noncoordinating counteranions yield a more powerful triplet excited state oxidant and longer radical cation chain length. It is proposed that this counteranion effect arises from Coulombic ion-pairing interactions between the counteranion and both the cationic photoredox catalyst and the radical cation intermediate, respectively. The comparatively slower rate of reaction with coordinating counteranions can be rescued by using hydrogen-bonding anion binders that attenuate deleterious ion-pairing interactions. These results demonstrate the importance of counteranion identity as a variable in the design and optimization of photoredox transformations and suggest a novel strategy for the optimization of organic reactions using this class of transition metal photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot P Farney
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Steven J Chapman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Marco D Torelli
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Robert J Hamers
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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56
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Luis ET, Iranmanesh H, Beves JE. Photosubstitution reactions in ruthenium(II) trisdiimine complexes: Implications for photoredox catalysis. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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57
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Hart JD, Burchill L, Day AJ, Newton CG, Sumby CJ, Huang DM, George JH. Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis Enables the Biomimetic Synthesis of Nyingchinoids A, B, and D, and Rasumatranin D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Hart
- Department of Chemistry The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Laura Burchill
- Department of Chemistry The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Aaron J. Day
- Department of Chemistry The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | | | | | - David M. Huang
- Department of Chemistry The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Jonathan H. George
- Department of Chemistry The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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58
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Hart JD, Burchill L, Day AJ, Newton CG, Sumby CJ, Huang DM, George JH. Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis Enables the Biomimetic Synthesis of Nyingchinoids A, B, and D, and Rasumatranin D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2791-2794. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Hart
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Laura Burchill
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Aaron J. Day
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | | | | | - David M. Huang
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Jonathan H. George
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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59
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Singh K, Trinh W, Latifi R, Weaver JD. An elusive thermal [2 + 2] cycloaddition driven by visible light photocatalysis: tapping into strain to access C2-symmetric tricyclic rings. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1854-1861. [PMID: 29955745 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01273c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A mild and operationally simple methodology is reported for the synthesis of cyclobutane rings imbedded within a C2-symmetric tricyclic framework. The method uses visible light and an iridium-based photocatalyst to drive the oft-stated "forbidden" thermal [2 + 2] cycloaddition of cycloheptenes and analogs. Importantly, it generates cyclobutane with four new stereocenters with excellent stereoselectivity, and perfect regioselectivity. The reaction is propelled forward when the photocatalyst absorbs a visible light photon, which transfers this energy to the cycloheptene. Key to success is, upon excitation to the triplet via sensitization from the photocatalyst, the double bond isomerizes to give the transient, highly strained, trans-cycloheptene. The trans-cycloheptene undergoes a strain relieving thermal, intermolecular [π2s + π2a] cycloaddition with another cis-cycloheptene. X-ray analysis reveals that the major product is the head-to-head, C2-symmetric all trans-cyclobutane. Additionally, a dramatic display structural complexity enhancement is observed with the use of chiral cycloheptenols possessing one stereocenter, which results in the formation of cyclobutanes with six contiguous stereocenters with good to excellent diastereocontrol, and can be used to isolate single stereoisomers of stereochemically complex cyclobutanes in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaljeet Singh
- 107 Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Winston Trinh
- 107 Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Reza Latifi
- 107 Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Jimmie D Weaver
- 107 Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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60
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Horibe T, Ohmura S, Ishihara K. Structure and Reactivity of Aromatic Radical Cations Generated by FeCl 3. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1877-1881. [PMID: 30674190 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the isolation and characterization of an aromatic radical cation generated by FeCl3. X-ray crystallographic analysis and kinetic studies reveal the mechanism of the generation of aromatic radical cation. In the solid state, a tight ion-pair of a radical cation with FeCl4- is observed. Leveraging the efficient generation of the radical cation-FeCl4- ion pair, we explore a radical cation-induced cycloaddition of trans-anethole initiated by catalytic amount of FeCl3. Both [4+2] cycloaddition and [2+2] cycloaddition with a broad substrate scope are also described. Moreover, a 100 g-scale reaction is demonstrated with the use of 1 mol % of FeCl3 as a simple and a highly active initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Horibe
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , B2-3(611), Furo-cho , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Shuhei Ohmura
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , B2-3(611), Furo-cho , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , B2-3(611), Furo-cho , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
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61
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Speckmeier E, Fischer TG, Zeitler K. A Toolbox Approach To Construct Broadly Applicable Metal-Free Catalysts for Photoredox Chemistry: Deliberate Tuning of Redox Potentials and Importance of Halogens in Donor-Acceptor Cyanoarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15353-15365. [PMID: 30277767 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The targeted choice of specific photocatalysts has been shown to play a critical role for the successful realization of challenging photoredox catalytic transformations. Herein, we demonstrate the successful implementation of a rational design strategy for a series of deliberate structural manipulations of cyanoarene-based, purely organic donor-acceptor photocatalysts, using 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) as a starting point. Systematic modifications of both the donor substituents as well as the acceptors' molecular core allowed us to identify strongly oxidizing as well as strongly reducing catalysts (e.g., for an unprecedented detriflation of unactivated naphthol triflate), which additionally offer remarkably balanced redox potentials with predictable trends. Especially halogen arene core substitutions are instrumental for our targeted alterations of the catalysts' redox properties. Based on their preeminent electrochemical and photophysical characteristics, all novel, purely organic photoredox catalysts were evaluated in three challenging, mechanistically distinct classes of benchmark reactions (either requiring balanced, highly oxidizing or strongly reducing properties) to demonstrate their enormous potential as customizable photocatalysts, that outperform and complement prevailing typical best photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Speckmeier
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , Johannisallee 29 , D-04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Tillmann G Fischer
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , Johannisallee 29 , D-04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Kirsten Zeitler
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , Johannisallee 29 , D-04103 Leipzig , Germany
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62
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Intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of chalcones with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene under neat reaction conditions. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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63
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Shen ZJ, Shi HN, Hao WJ, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Visible-light photocatalytic bicyclization of β-alkynyl propenones for accessing diastereoenriched syn-fluoren-9-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11542-11545. [PMID: 30175828 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel visible-light photocatalytic bicyclization of β-alkynyl propenones with α-bromocarbonyls for highly diastereoselective synthesis of richly decorated syn-fluoren-9-ones is described. The reaction proceeds via a radical-triggered 5-exo-dig cyclization/1,6-H-abstraction/6-endo-trig cyclization cascade and offers a new and practical method for the assembly of 6/5/6 carbocyclic skeletons via C(sp3)-H alkenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jia Shen
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
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64
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Shin JH, Seong EY, Mun HJ, Jang YJ, Kang EJ. Electronically Mismatched Cycloaddition Reactions via First-Row Transition Metal, Iron(III)–Polypyridyl Complex. Org Lett 2018; 20:5872-5876. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ha Shin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Eun Young Seong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Mun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
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65
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Li H, Hao WJ, Wang M, Qin X, Tu SJ, Zhou P, Li G, Wang J, Jiang B. Catalytic Double [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Relay Enabled C-C Triple Bond Cleavage of Yne-Allenones. Org Lett 2018; 20:4362-4366. [PMID: 29989832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An unusual catalytic double [2 + 2] cycloaddition relay reaction of yne-allenones with unactivated alkenes and alkynes has been achieved, which enabled C-C triple-bond cleavage to access more than 60 examples of functionalized phenanthren-9-ols with generally good yields. This reaction provides a regioselective and practical method for the construction of carbocyclic ring systems with a high degree of functional group compatibility. Aside from surveying the scope of this transformation, mechanistic details of this process are provided by conducting systematic theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116 , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116 , P. R. China
| | - Mian Wang
- Medical College , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , P.R. China
| | - Xue Qin
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116 , P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116 , P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , United States
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Medical College , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , P.R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116 , P. R. China
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66
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Yang W, Chen X, Fang W. Nonadiabatic Curve-Crossing Model for the Visible-Light Photoredox Catalytic Generation of Radical Intermediate via a Concerted Mechanism. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
- College of Material Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi 030024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
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67
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Ye Q, Ye H, Cheng D, Li X, Xu X. Regioselective oxidative ring-opening of cyclopropenyl carboxylates by visible light photoredox catalysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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68
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Turlington MD, Troian-Gautier L, Sampaio RN, Beauvilliers EE, Meyer GJ. Ligand Control of Supramolecular Chloride Photorelease. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5624-5631. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Turlington
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Evan E. Beauvilliers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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69
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Jiao M, Ju YW, Chen BZ. Energy transfer or electron transfer?—DFT study on the mechanism of [2+2] cycloadditions induced by visible light photocatalysts. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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70
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Imada Y, Okada Y, Chiba K. Investigating radical cation chain processes in the electrocatalytic Diels-Alder reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:642-647. [PMID: 29623126 PMCID: PMC5870144 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Single electron transfer (SET)-triggered radical ion-based reactions have proven to be powerful options in synthetic organic chemistry. Although unique chain processes have been proposed in various photo- and electrochemical radical ion-based transformations, the turnover number, also referred to as catalytic efficiency, remains unclear in most cases. Herein, we disclose our investigations of radical cation chain processes in the electrocatalytic Diels-Alder reaction, leading to a scalable synthesis. A gram-scale synthesis was achieved with high current efficiency of up to 8000%. The reaction monitoring profiles showed sigmoidal curves with induction periods, suggesting the involvement of intermediate(s) in the rate determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Imada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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71
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Corrigan N, Shanmugam S, Xu J, Boyer C. Photocatalysis in organic and polymer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:6165-6212. [PMID: 27819094 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00185h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review, with over 600 references, summarizes the recent applications of photoredox catalysis for organic transformation and polymer synthesis. Photoredox catalysts are metallo- or organo-compounds capable of absorbing visible light, resulting in an excited state species. This excited state species can donate or accept an electron from other substrates to mediate redox reactions at ambient temperature with high atom efficiency. These catalysts have been successfully implemented for the discovery of novel organic reactions and synthesis of added-value chemicals with an excellent control of selectivity and stereo-regularity. More recently, such catalysts have been implemented by polymer chemists to post-modify polymers in high yields, as well as to effectively catalyze reversible deactivation radical polymerizations and living polymerizations. These catalysts create new approaches for advanced organic transformation and polymer synthesis. The objective of this review is to give an overview of this emerging field to organic and polymer chemists as well as materials scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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72
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Mojr V, Pitrová G, Straková K, Prukała D, Brazevic S, Svobodová E, Hoskovcová I, Burdziński G, Slanina T, Sikorski M, Cibulka R. Flavin Photocatalysts for Visible-Light [2+2] Cycloadditions: Structure, Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Mojr
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Pitrová
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Straková
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Prukała
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Sabina Brazevic
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 85 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Eva Svobodová
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Irena Hoskovcová
- Department of Inorganic; Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague
| | - Gotard Burdziński
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 85 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe University Frankfurt; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marek Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
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73
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Chen JQ, Chang R, Wei YL, Mo JN, Wang ZY, Xu PF. Direct Decarboxylative–Decarbonylative Alkylation of α-Oxo Acids with Electrophilic Olefins via Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2017; 83:253-259. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Rui Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Long Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Nan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhu-Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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74
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Okada Y, Chiba K. Redox-Tag Processes: Intramolecular Electron Transfer and Its Broad Relationship to Redox Reactions in General. Chem Rev 2017; 118:4592-4630. [PMID: 29218989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Explosive growth in the use of open shell reactivity, including neutral radicals and radical ions, in the field of synthetic organic chemistry has been observed in the past decade, particularly since the advent of ruthenium complexes in 2008. These complexes generally induce single-electron transfer (SET) processes via visible-light absorption. Additionally, recent significant advancements in organic electrochemistry involving SET processes to provide open shell reactivity offer a complementary method to traditional polarity-driven reactions described by two-electron transfer processes. In this Review, we highlight the importance of intramolecular SET processes in the field of synthetic organic chemistry, which seem to be more elusive than the intermolecular versions, since they are net redox-neutral and thus cannot simply be regarded as oxidations or reductions. Such intramolecular SET processes can rationally be understood in combination with concomitant bond formations and/or cleavages, and are regulated by a structural motif that we call a "redox tag." In order to describe modern radical-driven reactions involving SET processes, we focus on a classical formalism in which electrons are treated as particles rather than waves, which offers a practical yet powerful approach to explain and/or predict synthetic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho , Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509 , Japan
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75
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Lei T, Zhou C, Huang MY, Zhao LM, Yang B, Ye C, Xiao H, Meng QY, Ramamurthy V, Tung CH, Wu LZ. General and Efficient Intermolecular [2+2] Photodimerization of Chalcones and Cinnamic Acid Derivatives in Solution through Visible-Light Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15407-15410. [PMID: 28994229 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
[2+2] Photocycloaddition, for example, the dimerization of chalcones and cinnamic acid derivatives, is a unique strategy to construct cyclobutanes, which are building blocks for a variety of biologically active molecules and natural products. However, most attempts at the above [2+2] addition have focused on solid-state, molten-state, or host-guest systems under ultraviolet-light irradiation in order to overcome the competition of facile geometric isomerization of nonrigid olefins. We report a general and simple method to realize the intermolecular [2+2] dimerization reaction of these acyclic olefins to construct cyclobutanes in a highly regio- and diastereoselective manner in solution under visible light, which provides an efficient solution to a long-standing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | | | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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76
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Lei T, Zhou C, Huang M, Zhao L, Yang B, Ye C, Xiao H, Meng Q, Ramamurthy V, Tung C, Wu L. General and Efficient Intermolecular [2+2] Photodimerization of Chalcones and Cinnamic Acid Derivatives in Solution through Visible‐Light Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Mao‐Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Lei‐Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Chen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Yuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | | | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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77
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Zhou Z, Li Y, Han B, Gong L, Meggers E. Enantioselective catalytic β-amination through proton-coupled electron transfer followed by stereocontrolled radical-radical coupling. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5757-5763. [PMID: 28989615 PMCID: PMC5621506 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02031g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new mechanistic approach for the catalytic, enantioselective conjugate addition of nitrogen-based nucleophiles to acceptor-substituted alkenes is reported, which is based on a visible light induced and phosphate base promoted transfer of a single electron from a nitrogen nucleophile to a catalyst-bound acceptor-substituted alkene, followed by a stereocontrolled C-N bond formation through stereocontrolled radical-radical coupling. Specifically, N-aryl carbamates are added to the β-position of α,β-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles using a visible light activated photoredox mediator in combination with a chiral-at-rhodium Lewis acid catalyst and a weak phosphate base, affording new C-N bonds in a highly enantioselective fashion with enantioselectivities reaching up to 99% ee and >99 : 1 dr for a menthol-derived carbamate. As an application, the straightforward synthesis of a chiral β-amino acid ester derivative is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P. R. China .
| | - Yanjun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P. R. China .
| | - Bowen Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P. R. China .
| | - Lei Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P. R. China .
| | - Eric Meggers
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P. R. China .
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 , 35043 Marburg , Germany .
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78
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Zhao Y, Antonietti M. Visible-Light-Irradiated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Photocatalyzed Diels-Alder Reactions with Dioxygen as Sustainable Mediator for Photoinduced Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Zhao
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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79
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Zhao Y, Antonietti M. Visible-Light-Irradiated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Photocatalyzed Diels-Alder Reactions with Dioxygen as Sustainable Mediator for Photoinduced Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Zhao
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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80
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Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, visible-light-driven organic reactions have been experiencing a significant renaissance in response to topical interest in environmentally friendly green chemical synthesis. The transformations using inexpensive, readily available visible-light sources have come to the forefront in organic chemistry as a powerful strategy for the activation of small molecules. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the development of visible-light-driven organic reactions, including aerobic oxidation, hydrogen-evolution reactions, energy-transfer reactions and asymmetric reactions. These key research topics represent a promising strategy towards the development of practical, scalable industrial processes with great environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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81
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Li R, Ma BC, Huang W, Wang L, Wang D, Lu H, Landfester K, Zhang KAI. Photocatalytic Regioselective and Stereoselective [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Styrene Derivatives Using a Heterogeneous Organic Photocatalyst. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Run Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Beatriz Chiyin Ma
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wei Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Di Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hao Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai A. I. Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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82
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Jirásek M, Straková K, Neveselý T, Svobodová E, Rottnerová Z, Cibulka R. Flavin-Mediated Visible-Light [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Containing Dienes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jirásek
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Straková
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Neveselý
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Eva Svobodová
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Rottnerová
- Central Laboratories; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
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83
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Abstract
The incorporation of an easily oxidized arylsulfide moiety facilitates the photocatalytic generation of alkene radical cations that undergo a variety of cycloaddition reactions with electron-rich reaction partners. The sulfide moiety can subsequently be reductively cleaved in a traceless fashion, affording products that are not otherwise directly accessible using photoredox catalysis. This approach constitutes a novel oxidative "redox auxiliary" strategy that offers a practical means to circumvent a fundamental thermodynamic limitation facing photoredox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Shane D. Lies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Christopher S. Gravatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Tehshik P. Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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84
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Pagire SK, Hossain A, Traub L, Kerres S, Reiser O. Photosensitised regioselective [2+2]-cycloaddition of cinnamates and related alkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12072-12075. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light mediated, photocatalyzed strategy for the efficient synthesis of substituted cyclobutanes from cinnamates, styrenes, and chalcones is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Pagire
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Asik Hossain
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Lukas Traub
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Sabine Kerres
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
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85
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Nandi J, Ovian JM, Kelly CB, Leadbeater NE. Oxidative functionalisation of alcohols and aldehydes via the merger of oxoammonium cations and photoredox catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8295-8301. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02243c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The merger of oxoammonium cation mediated oxidation with visible-light photoredox catalysis is demonstrated in the oxidative amidation of aldehydes and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Nandi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs
- USA
| | - John M. Ovian
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs
- USA
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86
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Stevenson SM, Higgins RF, Shores MP, Ferreira EM. Chromium photocatalysis: accessing structural complements to Diels-Alder adducts with electron-deficient dienophiles. Chem Sci 2017; 8:654-660. [PMID: 28451213 PMCID: PMC5297334 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03303b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A chromium-catalyzed, visible light-activated net [4 + 2] cycloaddition between dienes and electron-deficient alkenes is described. Gathered evidence, via control experiments, isolated intermediates, and measured redox potentials, points to several converging reaction pathways that afford the cyclohexene adducts, including a photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition/vinylcyclobutane rearrangement cascade and a substrate excitation/oxidation sequence to a radical cation intermediate. Notably, the accompanying mechanistic stipulations result in a process that yields regioisomeric compounds from those generated by traditional Diels-Alder cycloadditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , GA 30602 , USA .
| | - Robert F Higgins
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO 80523 , USA
| | - Matthew P Shores
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO 80523 , USA
| | - Eric M Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , GA 30602 , USA .
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87
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Wei D, Li Y, Liang F. Photoredox-Catalyzed Dimerization of Arylalkenesviaan Oxidative [4+2] Cycloaddition Sequence: Synthesis of Naphthalene Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Wei
- Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Li
- Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Fushun Liang
- Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 People's Republic of China
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88
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Liu Y, Zhang M, Tung CH, Wang Y. TiO2 Photocatalytic Cyclization Reactions for the Syntheses of Aryltetralones. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid
and Interface
Science of the Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’Nan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Mingfu Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid
and Interface
Science of the Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’Nan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Lab of Colloid
and Interface
Science of the Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’Nan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Key Lab of Colloid
and Interface
Science of the Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’Nan 250100, P. R. China
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89
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Poplata S, Tröster A, Zou YQ, Bach T. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyclobutanes by Olefin [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reactions. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9748-815. [PMID: 27018601 PMCID: PMC5025837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition is undisputedly the most important and most frequently used photochemical reaction. In this review, it is attempted to cover all recent aspects of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition chemistry with an emphasis on synthetically relevant, regio-, and stereoselective reactions. The review aims to comprehensively discuss relevant work, which was done in the field in the last 20 years (i.e., from 1995 to 2015). Organization of the data follows a subdivision according to mechanism and substrate classes. Cu(I) and PET (photoinduced electron transfer) catalysis are treated separately in sections 2 and 4 , whereas the vast majority of photocycloaddition reactions which occur by direct excitation or sensitization are divided within section 3 into individual subsections according to the photochemically excited olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saner Poplata
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Tröster
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - You-Quan Zou
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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90
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91
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Hartman T, Cibulka R. Photocatalytic Systems with Flavinium Salts: From Photolyase Models to Synthetic Tool for Cyclobutane Ring Opening. Org Lett 2016; 18:3710-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Hartman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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92
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Colomer I, Batchelor-McAuley C, Odell B, Donohoe TJ, Compton RG. Hydrogen Bonding to Hexafluoroisopropanol Controls the Oxidative Strength of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8855-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Colomer
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Odell
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Donohoe
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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93
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Wang H, Fang WH, Chen X. Mechanism of the Enantioselective Intramolecular [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reaction of Coumarin Catalyzed by a Chiral Lewis Acid: Comparison with Enone Substrates. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7093-101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie 19, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie 19, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie 19, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
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94
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Romero
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - David A. Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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95
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Panish RA, Chintala SR, Fox JM. A Mixed-Ligand Chiral Rhodium(II) Catalyst Enables the Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Piperarborenine B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4983-7. [PMID: 26991451 PMCID: PMC4900183 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel, mixed-ligand chiral rhodium(II) catalyst, Rh2(S-NTTL)3(dCPA), has enabled the first enantioselective total synthesis of the natural product piperarborenine B. A crystal structure of Rh2(S-NTTL)3(dCPA) reveals a "chiral crown" conformation with a bulky dicyclohexylphenyl acetate ligand and three N-naphthalimido groups oriented on the same face of the catalyst. The natural product was prepared on large scale using rhodium-catalyzed bicyclobutanation/ copper-catalyzed homoconjugate addition chemistry in the key step. The route proceeds in ten steps with an 8% overall yield and 92% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Panish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Srinivasa R Chintala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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96
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Panish RA, Chintala SR, Fox JM. A Mixed‐Ligand Chiral Rhodium(II) Catalyst Enables the Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Piperarborenine B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Panish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | | | - Joseph M. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
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97
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Colomer I, Coura Barcelos R, Donohoe TJ. Catalytic Hypervalent Iodine Promoters Lead to Styrene Dimerization and the Formation of Tri- and Tetrasubstituted Cyclobutanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4748-52. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Colomer
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Rosimeire Coura Barcelos
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Timothy J. Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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98
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Colomer I, Coura Barcelos R, Donohoe TJ. Catalytic Hypervalent Iodine Promoters Lead to Styrene Dimerization and the Formation of Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Cyclobutanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Colomer
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Rosimeire Coura Barcelos
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Timothy J. Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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99
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Yayla HG, Peng F, Mangion IK, McLaughlin M, Campeau LC, Davies IW, DiRocco DA, Knowles RR. Discovery and mechanistic study of a photocatalytic indoline dehydrogenation for the synthesis of elbasvir. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2066-2073. [PMID: 29899932 PMCID: PMC5968518 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03350k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elbasvir is a potent NS5A antagonist for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. A seemingly trivial indoline oxidation en route to the target compound was complicated by epimerization of a stereogenic hemiaminal center under most standard oxidation conditions. To address this issue, a novel visible light photoredox process for indoline oxidation was developed involving an iridium photosensitizer and environmentally-benign perester oxidant. The reaction was discovered through a high-throughput experimentation campaign and the optimized process was demonstrated on 100 g scale in flow to afford a key intermediate towards the target compound. A battery of kinetic, electrochemical, and spectroscopic studies of this process indicates a radical chain mechanism of dehydrogenation involving selective HAT from the substrate by an alkoxy radicals. Notably, isotope effects were used to validate the chain mechanism when quantum yield data proved ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice G Yayla
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Process Chemistry , Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , USA .
| | - Ian K Mangion
- Department of Process Chemistry , Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , USA .
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- Department of Process Chemistry , Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , USA .
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Department of Process Chemistry , Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , USA .
| | - Ian W Davies
- Department of Process Chemistry , Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , USA .
| | - Daniel A DiRocco
- Department of Process Chemistry , Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , USA .
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
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100
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A theoretical study on intermolecular [2+2] radical cation cycloaddition reactions and the competition between concerted and stepwise mechanisms. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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