Rapid screening of copper intermediates in Cu(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition using a modified ICP-MS/MS platform

Rapid screening of Cu⁺-intermediates by using ⁶³Cu⁺ or ⁶⁵Cu⁺ ions as catalysts in Cu(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition was realized using an on-line modified ICP-MS/MS platform.

A binuclear Cu(i) complex as a novel catalyst towards the direct synthesis of N-2-aryl-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles from chalcones

A binuclear Cu(i)-complex with N′,N′-bis{(1H-indol-3-yl)methylene}oxalohydrazide is synthesized and characterized. The complex has been employed as a catalyst for one-pot operation involving the azide–chalcone click reaction and subsequent arylation.

Mechanism of samarium-catalyzed 1,5-regioselective azide-alkyne [3 + 2]-cycloaddition: a quantum mechanical investigation

The mechanism of the samarium-catalyzed 1,5-regioselective azide-alkyne [3 + 2]-cycloaddition (SmAAC) reaction has been examined with quantum mechanical calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory with ECP51MWB on Sm. Four stepwise pathways were located, with two leading to the 5-endocyclic 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole product PSmL2 (paths 1 and 2) and the other two to the exocyclic product ExoPSmCl2 (path 3) as well as 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole RegPSmL2 (path 4), respectively. Among them, path 2 (R-COM1-TS12-COM2-TS23-COM3-TS3P-PSmL2) is the most favored one both in the gas phase and in toluene solution, which is in good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, 1,1-insertion forming COM2 in path 2 is the rate-determining step. The computational results also infer that the participation of samarium catalyst changes the distribution of the electrostatic potential on the reactants' surface, which determines the polarization direction of the reactants and formation of different intermediates (COM1 and RegCOM1), and finally affects the regioselectivity. When solvent corrections for toluene are considered, the 1,1-insertion process is discouraged, while the intramolecular [1,3]-shift reaction is facilitated.

Palladium-catalyzed oxidative C–H/C–H cross-coupling of 1-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles with furans and thiophenes

Palladium-catalyzed heteroarylation of 1-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles with furans and thiophenes has been developed in the presence of pyridine and Ag₂CO₃.

Mechanism and selectivity for zinc-mediated cycloaddition of azides with alkynes: a computational study

Distortion–interaction analysis and FMO theory were utilized to explain the reactivity and 1,5-regioselectivity of zinc-mediated cycloaddition of azides and alkynes.

Synthesis of highly diversified 1,2,3-triazole derivatives via domino [3 + 2] azide cycloaddition and denitration reaction sequence

Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles via domino azide cycloaddition and denitration reaction sequence under catalyst free conditions is described. Sodium azide treatment of Baylis–Hillman adducts and their cyclic derivatives from nitro olefins gave the triazoles in excellent yield.

p-Toluenesulfonic acid mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitroolefins with NaN3 for synthesis of 4-aryl-NH-1,2,3-triazoles

A p-TsOH-mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitroolefins and sodium azide for the synthesis of 4-aryl-NH-1,2,3-triazoles has been developed. p-TsOH was discovered as a vital additive in this type of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. This novel cycloaddition reaction is a good method for the rapid synthesis of valuable 4-aryl-NH-1,2,3-triazoles in high yields.

Ce(OTf)₃-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azides with nitroolefins: regioselective synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles

The first example of rare earth metal-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of organic azides with nitroolefins and subsequent elimination reaction is described. In the presence of a catalytic amount of Ce(OTf)3, both benzyl and phenyl azides react with a broad range of aryl nitroolefins containing a range of functionalities selectively producing 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in good to excellent yields.

An efficient one-pot strategy for the highly regioselective metal-free synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles

A simple and efficient metal-free methodology for the regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles by applying a novel inverse electron-demand-1,3-dipolar cycloaddition approach has been developed.

Zinc mediated azide-alkyne ligation to 1,5- and 1,4,5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles

A mild method for regioselective formation of 1,5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles is described. The zinc-mediated reaction works at room temperature and is successful across a wide range of azido/alkynyl substrates. Additionally, the triazole 4-position can be further functionalized through the intermediate aryl-zinc to accommodate a diverse three-component coupling strategy.