SERS reveals the specific interaction of silver and gold nanoparticles with hemoglobin and red blood cell components

Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering of hemoproteins and those in complicated biological systems

The SERRS spectra of heme are influenced by structural changes, orientation, and selective adsorption on the Ag surface.

Metal nanoparticle catalyzed charge rearrangement in selenourea probed by surface-enhanced Raman scattering

The adsorption behavior of selenourea (SeU) on Ag and Au nanoparticles was investigated using the surface-enhanced Raman scattering technique in combination with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theoretical calculations.

Nanoplasmonic chitosan nanofibers as effective SERS substrate for detection of small molecules

The use of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is limited by low reproducibility and uniformity of the response. Solving these problems can turn the laboratory use of SERS into real-world application. In this regard, soft SERS-active substrates can enable portable instrumentation and reduce costs in the fabrication of SERS-based sensors. Here, plasmonic free-standing films made of biocompatible chitosan nanofibers and gold nanoparticles are engineered by a simple protocol varying the concentration of chloroauric acid. The concentration and distribution of gold nanoparticles in films are controlled in a predictable way, and SERS spectra for the standard 2-naphthalenethiol with concentration less than 10(-15) M are acquired in a reproducible way. The statistical analysis reveals a relatively high and locally uniform performance of SERS with an enhancement factor of 2 × 10(5) for 86% of the points on the imaged area of the SERS substrate. Potential SERS detection of small molecules, both Rhodamine 6G and d-Glucose, in the micromolar range is demonstrated.

Adsorption and sub-nanomolar sensing of thioflavin T on colloidal gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles and silver-coated films studied using surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies of thioflavin T (ThT) in solid, solution, gold nanoparticles (GNPs), silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and silver-coated films (SCFs) were investigated. Concentration-dependent SERS spectrum of ThT in GNPs and SNPs indicated the existence of two possible structures, one with the torsional angle (φ) between benzothiazole and dimethylaminobenzene rings being 37° and the other with φ=90°. The SERS spectrum of ThT in SCFs were similar to the Raman spectrum of solid and solution that suggests φ=37°. In this paper, the high sensitivity of the SERS technique was employed for sub-nanomolar (picomolar) sensing of ThT.

Surface-enhanced Raman imaging of cell membrane by a highly homogeneous and isotropic silver nanostructure

Label-free chemical imaging of live cell membranes can shed light on the molecular basis of cell membrane functionalities and their alterations under membrane-related diseases. In principle, this can be done by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in confocal microscopy, but requires engineering plasmonic architectures with a spatially invariant SERS enhancement factor G(x, y) = G. To this end, we exploit a self-assembled isotropic nanostructure with characteristics of homogeneity typical of the so-called near-hyperuniform disorder. The resulting highly dense, homogeneous and isotropic random pattern consists of clusters of silver nanoparticles with limited size dispersion. This nanostructure brings together several advantages: very large hot spot density (∼10(4) μm(-2)), superior spatial reproducibility (SD < 1% over 2500 μm(2)) and single-molecule sensitivity (Gav ∼ 10(9)), all on a centimeter scale transparent active area. We are able to reconstruct the label-free SERS-based chemical map of live cell membranes with confocal resolution. In particular, SERS imaging is here demonstrated on red blood cells in vitro in order to use the Raman-resonant heme of the cell as a contrast medium to prove spectroscopic detection of membrane molecules. Numerical simulations also clarify the SERS characteristics of the substrate in terms of electromagnetic enhancement and distance sensitivity range consistently with the experiments. The large SERS-active area is intended for multi-cellular imaging on the same substrate, which is important for spectroscopic comparative analysis of complex organisms like cells. This opens new routes for in situ quantitative surface analysis and dynamic probing of living cells exposed to membrane-targeting drugs.

LSPR-dependent SERS performance of silver nanoplates with highly stable and broad tunable LSPRs prepared through an improved seed-mediated strategy

The application of the silver plates as a proper substrate for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was performed to give deep insight on LSPR-dependent SERS performance. Firstly, an improved seed-mediated method is developed to synthesize silver nanoplates (NP) with broad-tuning localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and high stability. The LSPR peaks could be tuned in the range from 485 to ∼1200 nm by controlling the experimental parameters. With the treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), silver NPs exhibit high stability for SERS tests. The LSPR-dependent SERS study was performed by taking four typical silver NPs with LSPR peaks at 485 nm, 614 nm, 906 nm and 1130 nm as substrates. Also, two probe molecules, 4-amino-thiophenol (4-ATP) and rhodamine-6G (R-6G), were used, and both the 458 nm and 633 nm lasers were selected as excitation for the LSPR-dependent SERS study. Our results indicated that the SERS performance is largely dependent on the LSPR of the silver NP substrate at a given excitation wavelength. Specifically, the Raman signals were greatly enhanced when the laser excitation line matched (close to the LSPR band) the peak position of LSPR band. When at the excitation of 633 nm, two orders of magnitude stronger SERS signals would be observed for the Ag-614 substrate than that of the Ag-485 and Ag-1130 substrates with their LSPR peak positions far away from 633 nm. The same result can also be observed when the laser excitation at 458 nm was selected for the Ag-485 substrate. Our study gives a deep insight into LSPR-dependent SERS performance. It also gives a method for giving large SERS enhancement just by selecting a proper excitation wavelength matched to the LSPR of the substrate.

Specific biomolecule corona is associated with ring-shaped organization of silver nanoparticles in cells

We correlate the localization of silver nanoparticles inside cells with respect to the cellular architecture with the molecular information in the vicinity of the particle surface by combining nanoscale 3D cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The interaction of the silver nanoparticle surface with small molecules and biopolymers was monitored by SERS in vitro over time in living cells. The spectra indicate a stable, time-independent surface composition of silver nanoparticles, despite the changing environment in the endosomal structure. Cryo-SXT reveals a characteristic ring-shaped organization of the silver nanoparticles in endosomes of different cell types. The ring-like structures inside the endosomes suggest a strong association among silver particles and with membrane structures. The comparison of the data with those obtained with gold nanoparticles suggests that the interactions between the nanoparticles and with the endosomal component are influenced by the molecular composition of the corona.