51
|
Milner AA, Fordyce JAM, MacPhail-Bartley I, Wasserman W, Milner V, Tutunnikov I, Averbukh IS. Controlled Enantioselective Orientation of Chiral Molecules with an Optical Centrifuge. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:223201. [PMID: 31283279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.223201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first experimental demonstration of enantioselective rotational control of chiral molecules with a laser field. In our experiments, two enantiomers of propylene oxide are brought to accelerated unidirectional rotation by means of an optical centrifuge. Using Coulomb explosion imaging, we show that the centrifuged molecules acquire preferential orientation perpendicular to the plane of rotation, and that the direction of this orientation depends on the relative handedness of the enantiomer and the rotating centrifuge field. The observed effect is in agreement with theoretical predictions and is reproduced in numerical simulations of the centrifuge excitation followed by Coulomb explosion of the centrifuged molecules. The demonstrated technique opens new avenues in optical enantioselective control of chiral molecules with a plethora of potential applications in differentiation, separation, and purification of chiral mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Milner
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, V6T-1Z1 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jordan A M Fordyce
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, V6T-1Z1 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ian MacPhail-Bartley
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, V6T-1Z1 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Walter Wasserman
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, V6T-1Z1 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Valery Milner
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, V6T-1Z1 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ilia Tutunnikov
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilya Sh Averbukh
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Owens A, Yachmenev A, Yurchenko SN, Küpper J. Climbing the Rotational Ladder to Chirality. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:193201. [PMID: 30468590 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.193201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chirality is conventionally understood as space-inversion-symmetry breaking in the equilibrium structure of molecules. Less well known is that achiral molecules can be made chiral through extreme rotational excitation. Here, we theoretically demonstrate a clear strategy for generating rotationally induced chirality: An optical centrifuge rotationally excites the phosphine molecule (PH_{3}) into chiral cluster states that correspond to clockwise (R enantiomer) or anticlockwise (L enantiomer) rotation about axes almost coinciding with single P─H bonds. The application of a strong dc electric field during the centrifuge pulse favors the production of one rotating enantiomeric form over the other, creating dynamically chiral molecules with permanently oriented rotational angular momentum. This essential step toward characterizing rotationally induced chirality promises a fresh perspective on chirality as a fundamental aspect of nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec Owens
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Yachmenev
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergei N Yurchenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Shang X, Park CH, Jung GY, Kwak SK, Oh JH. Highly Enantioselective Graphene-Based Chemical Sensors Prepared by Chiral Noncovalent Functionalization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:36194-36201. [PMID: 30270614 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a basic characteristic of the natural environment and living matter, chirality has been used in various scientific and technological fields. Chiral discrimination is of particular interest owing to its importance in catalysis, organic synthesis, biomedicine, and pharmaceutics. However, it is still very challenging to effectively and selectively sense and separate different enantiomers. Here, enantio-differentiating chemosensor systems have been developed through spontaneous chiral functionalization of the surface of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs). GFET sensors functionalized using noncovalent interactions between graphene and a newly synthesized chiral-functionalized pyrene material, Boc-l-Phe-Pyrene, exhibit highly enantioselective detection of natural acryclic monoterpenoid enantiomers, that is, ( R)-(+)- and ( S)-(-)-β-citronellol. On the basis of a computational study, the origin of enantio-differentiation is assigned to the discriminable charge transfer from ( R)-(+)- or ( S)-(-)-β-citronellol into graphene with a significant difference in binding strength depending on surface morphology. The chemosensor system developed herein has great potential to be applied in miniaturized and rapid enantioselective sensing with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Shang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro , Pohang 37673 , Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Cheol Hee Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro , Pohang 37673 , Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Gwan Yeong Jung
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Pérez C, Steber AL, Krin A, Schnell M. State-Specific Enrichment of Chiral Conformers with Microwave Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4539-4543. [PMID: 30047269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An interesting class of molecules is that in which the molecules do not possess a stereogenic center but can become chiral because of their spatial arrangement. These molecules can be seen as chiral conformers, whose two nonsuperimposable forms can interconvert from one to another by rotations about single bonds. Here, we show that an initially racemic mixture of chiral conformers, such as a sample of cyclohexylmethanol, C7H14O, can be enantiomerically enriched by performing the enantioselective process of coherent population transfer between rotational levels. By first performing a population transfer cycle, followed by a three-wave mixing experiment, we show that an enantiomeric excess in a rotational level of choice can be achieved. This represents the first experimental demonstration of such an effect in a chiral pair of conformers, and it showcases the broad applicability of three-wave mixing not only for analytical applications but also to a wide scope of experiments of fundamental interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Pérez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología , Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU) , E-48940 Leioa , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Amanda L Steber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Max-Eyth-Straße 1 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging at the University of Hamburg , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Anna Krin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Max-Eyth-Straße 1 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging at the University of Hamburg , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Melanie Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Max-Eyth-Straße 1 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging at the University of Hamburg , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Abstract
Coherent two-dimensional (2D) optical spectroscopy has revolutionized our ability to probe many types of couplings and ultrafast dynamics in complex quantum systems. The dynamics and function of any quantum system strongly depend on couplings to the environment. Thus, studying coherent interactions for different environments remains a topic of tremendous interest. Here we introduce coherent 2D electronic mass spectrometry that allows 2D measurements on effusive molecular beams and thus on quantum systems with minimum system–bath interaction and employ this to identify the major ionization pathway of 3d Rydberg states in NO2. Furthermore, we present 2D spectra of multiphoton ionization, disclosing distinct differences in the nonlinear response functions leading to the ionization products. We also realize the equivalent of spectrally resolved transient-absorption measurements without the necessity for acquiring weak absorption changes. Using time-of-flight detection introduces cations as an observable, enabling the 2D spectroscopic study on isolated systems of photophysical and photochemical reactions. Multidimensional spectroscopy is a powerful tool in exploring photo-induced dynamics and electron coupling processes in molecules. Here the authors demonstrate coherent two-dimensional electronic mass spectrometry on molecular beams and its application to photoionization studies of the NO2 molecule.
Collapse
|
56
|
Müller AD, Artemyev AN, Demekhin PV. Photoelectron circular dichroism in the multiphoton ionization by short laser pulses. II. Three- and four-photon ionization of fenchone and camphor. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:214307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5032295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne D. Müller
- Institute of Physics and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Anton N. Artemyev
- Institute of Physics and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Philipp V. Demekhin
- Institute of Physics and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Suzuki YI. Communication: Photoionization of degenerate orbitals for randomly oriented molecules: The effect of time-reversal symmetry on recoil-ion momentum angular distributions. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:151101. [PMID: 29679978 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoelectron asymmetry parameter β, which characterizes the direction of electrons ejected from a randomly oriented molecular ensemble by linearly polarized light, is investigated for degenerate orbitals. We show that β is totally symmetric under the symmetry operation of the point group of a molecule, and it has mixed properties under time reversal. Therefore, all degenerate molecular orbitals, except for the case of degeneracy due to time reversal, have the same β (Wigner-Eckart theorem). The exceptions are e-type complex orbitals of the Cn, Sn, Cnh, T, and Th point groups, and calculations on boric acid (C3h symmetry) are performed as an example. However, including those point groups, all degenerate orbitals have the same β if those orbitals are real. We discuss the implications of this operator formalism for molecular alignment and photoelectron circular dichroism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshi-Ichi Suzuki
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsucho, Ishikari, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Abstract
Chiroptical spectroscopy techniques for the differentiation of enantiomers in the condensed phase are based on an established paradigm that relies on symmetry breaking using circularly polarized light. We review a novel approach for the study of chiral molecules in the gas phase using broadband rotational spectroscopy, namely microwave three-wave mixing, which is a coherent, nonlinear, and resonant process. This technique can be used to generate a coherent molecular rotational signal that can be detected in a manner similar to that in conventional Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The structure (and thermal distribution of conformations), handedness, and enantiomeric excess of gas-phase samples can be determined unambiguously by employing tailored microwave fields. We discuss the theoretical and experimental aspects of the method, the significance of the first demonstrations of the technique for enantiomer differentiation, and the method's rapid advance into a robust choice to study molecular chirality in the gas phase. Very recently, the microwave three-wave mixing approach was extended to enantiomer-selective population transfer, an important step toward spatial enantiomer separation on the fly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio R. Domingos
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristóbal Pérez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Falcinelli S, Vecchiocattivi F, Alagia M, Schio L, Richter R, Stranges S, Catone D, Arruda MS, Mendes LAV, Palazzetti F, Aquilanti V, Pirani F. Double photoionization of propylene oxide: A coincidence study of the ejection of a pair of valence-shell electrons. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:114302. [PMID: 29566526 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Propylene oxide, a favorite target of experimental and theoretical studies of circular dichroism, was recently discovered in interstellar space, further amplifying the attention to its role in the current debate on protobiological homochirality. In the present work, a photoelectron-photoion-photoion coincidence technique, using an ion-imaging detector and tunable synchrotron radiation in the 18.0-37.0 eV energy range, permits us (i) to observe six double ionization fragmentation channels, their relative yields being accounted for about two-thirds by the couple (C2H4+, CH2O+) and one-fifth by (C2H3+, CH3O+); (ii) to measure thresholds for their openings as a function of photon energy; and (iii) to unravel a pronounced bimodality for a kinetic-energy-released distribution, fingerprint of competitive non-adiabatic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Falcinelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Vecchiocattivi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Alagia
- IOM-CNR Tasc, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Schio
- IOM-CNR Tasc, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Robert Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Stranges
- IOM-CNR Tasc, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Catone
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), Area della Ricerca di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Manuela S Arruda
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luiz A V Mendes
- Instituto de Fìsica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitario de Ondina, 40210-340 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Federico Palazzetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Aquilanti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), Area della Ricerca di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Fernando Pirani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Tutunnikov I, Gershnabel E, Gold S, Averbukh IS. Selective Orientation of Chiral Molecules by Laser Fields with Twisted Polarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1105-1111. [PMID: 29417812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We explore a pure optical method for enantioselective orientation of chiral molecules by means of laser fields with twisted polarization. Several field implementations are considered, including a pair of delayed, cross-polarized laser pulses, an optical centrifuge, and polarization-shaped pulses. We show that these schemes lead to out-of-phase time-dependent dipole signals for different enantiomers, and we also predict a substantial permanent molecular orientation persisting long after the laser fields are over. The underlying classical orientation mechanism common to all of these fields is discussed, and its operation is demonstrated for a range of chiral molecules of various complexity: hydrogen thioperoxide (HSOH), propylene oxide (CH3CHCH2O), and ethyl oxirane (CH3CH2CHCH2O). The presented results demonstrate generality, versatility, and robustness of this optical method for manipulating molecular enantiomers in the gas phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Tutunnikov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Erez Gershnabel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shachar Gold
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ilya Sh Averbukh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Miles J, Fernandes D, Young A, Bond C, Crane S, Ghafur O, Townsend D, Sá J, Greenwood J. A new technique for probing chirality via photoelectron circular dichroism. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 984:134-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
62
|
Shang X, Song I, Ohtsu H, Tong J, Zhang H, Oh JH. Morphogenesis and Optoelectronic Properties of Supramolecular Assemblies of Chiral Perylene Diimides in a Binary Solvent System. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5508. [PMID: 28710415 PMCID: PMC5511204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral supramolecular structures are attracting great attention due to their specific properties and high potential in chiral sensing and separation. Herein, supramolecular assembling behaviors of chiral perylene diimides have been systematically investigated in a mixed solution of tetrahydrofuran and water. They exhibit remarkably different morphologies and chiral aggregation behaviors depending on the mixing ratio of the solvents, i.e., the fraction of water. The morphogenesis and optoelectronic properties of chiral supramolecular structures have been thoroughly studied using a range of experimental and theoretical methods to investigate the morphological effects of chiral supramolecular assemblies on the electrical performances and photogenerated charge-carrier behaviors. In addition, chiral perylene diimides have been discriminated by combining vibrational circular dichroism with theoretical calculations, for the first time. The chiral supramolecular nanostructures developed herein strongly absorb visible spectral region and exhibit high photoresponsivity and detectivity, opening up new opportunities for practical applications in optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Shang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Inho Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Hiroyoshi Ohtsu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Jiaqi Tong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Sen A, Pratt ST, Reid KL. Circular dichroism in photoelectron images from aligned nitric oxide molecules. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:013927. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Sen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S. T. Pratt
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K. L. Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
|
65
|
Fu JY, Htar TT, De Silva L, Tan DMY, Chuah LH. Chromatographic Separation of Vitamin E Enantiomers. Molecules 2017; 22:E233. [PMID: 28165404 PMCID: PMC6155869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is recognized as an essential vitamin since its discovery in 1922. Most vegetable oils contain a mixture of tocopherols and tocotrienols in the vitamin E composition. Structurally, tocopherols and tocotrienols share a similar chromanol ring and a side chain at the C-2 position. Owing to the three chiral centers in tocopherols, they can appear as eight different stereoisomers. Plant sources of tocopherol are naturally occurring in the form of RRR while synthetic tocopherols are usually in the form of all-racemic mixture. Similarly, with only one chiral center, natural tocotrienols occur as the R-isoform. In this review, we aim to discuss a few chromatographic methods that had been used to separate the stereoisomers of tocopherols and tocotrienols. These methods include high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and combination of both. The review will focus on method development including selection of chiral columns, detection method and choice of elution solvent in the context of separation efficiency, resolution and chiral purity. The applications for separation of enantiomers in vitamin E will also be discussed especially in terms of the distinctive biological potency among the stereoisoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yen Fu
- Nutrition Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Thet-Thet Htar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Leanne De Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Doryn Meam-Yee Tan
- Nutrition Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Garcia GA, Dossmann H, Nahon L, Daly S, Powis I. Identifying and Understanding Strong Vibronic Interaction Effects Observed in the Asymmetry of Chiral Molecule Photoelectron Angular Distributions. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:500-512. [PMID: 27973748 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers; St. Aubin BP 48 91192 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Héloïse Dossmann
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers; St. Aubin BP 48 91192 Gif sur Yvette France
- Current address: Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM); 4 Place Jussieu 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers; St. Aubin BP 48 91192 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Steven Daly
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Current address: Institut Lumiere Matière, UMR5306, CNRS; Université Lyon 1; 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Goetz RE, Isaev TA, Nikoobakht B, Berger R, Koch CP. Theoretical description of circular dichroism in photoelectron angular distributions of randomly oriented chiral molecules after multi-photon photoionization. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:024306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4973456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
68
|
Rafiee Fanood MM, Janssen MHM, Powis I. Wavelength dependent photoelectron circular dichroism of limonene studied by femtosecond multiphoton laser ionization and electron-ion coincidence imaging. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:124320. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4963229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurice H. M. Janssen
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Daly S, Tia M, Garcia GA, Nahon L, Powis I. The Interplay Between Conformation and Absolute Configuration in Chiral Electron Dynamics of Small Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11054-8. [PMID: 27445202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A competition between chiral characteristics alternatively attributable to either conformation or to absolute configuration is identified. Circular dichroism associated with photoexcitation of the outer orbital of configurational enantiomers of 1,3- and 2,3-butanediols has been examined with a focus on the large changes in electron chiral asymmetry produced by different molecular conformations. Experimental gas-phase measurements offer support for the theoretical modeling of this chiroptical effect. A surprising prediction is that a conformationally produced pseudo-enantiomerism in 1,3-butanediol generates a chiral response in the frontier electron dynamics that outweighs the influence of the permanent configurational handedness established at the asymmetrically substituted carbon. Induced conformation, and specifically induced conformational chirality, may thus be a dominating factor in chiral molecular recognition in such systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Daly
- School of Chemistry, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.,Institut Lumiere Matière, UMR5306, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maurice Tia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.,Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gustavo A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Daly S, Tia M, Garcia GA, Nahon L, Powis I. The Interplay Between Conformation and Absolute Configuration in Chiral Electron Dynamics of Small Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Daly
- School of Chemistry; University Park, University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers; Saint Aubin BP 48 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
- Institut Lumiere Matière, UMR5306, CNRS, Université Lyon 1; 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Maurice Tia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers; Saint Aubin BP 48 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
- Institut für Kernphysik; Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Gustavo A. Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers; Saint Aubin BP 48 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers; Saint Aubin BP 48 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry; University Park, University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Yachmenev A, Yurchenko SN. Detecting Chirality in Molecules by Linearly Polarized Laser Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:033001. [PMID: 27472111 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new scheme for enantiomer differentiation of chiral molecules using a pair of linearly polarized intense ultrashort laser pulses with skewed mutual polarization is presented. The technique relies on the fact that the off-diagonal anisotropic contributions to the electric polarizability tensor for two enantiomers have different signs. Exploiting this property, we are able to excite a coherent unidirectional rotation of two enantiomers with a π phase difference in the molecular electric dipole moment. The approach is robust and suitable for relatively high temperatures of molecular samples, making it applicable for selective chiral analysis of mixtures, and to chiral molecules with low barriers between enantiomers. As an illustration, we present nanosecond laser-driven dynamics of a tetratomic nonrigid chiral molecule with short-lived chirality. The ultrafast time scale of the proposed technique is well suited to study parity violation in molecular systems in short-lived chiral states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yachmenev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei N Yurchenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Boesl U, Kartouzian A. Mass-Selective Chiral Analysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:343-364. [PMID: 27070181 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three ways of realizing mass-selective chiral analysis are reviewed. The first is based on the formation of diastereomers that are of homo- and hetero- type with respect to the enantiomers of involved chiral molecules. This way is quite well-established with numerous applications. The other two ways are more recent developments, both based on circular dichroism (CD). In one, conventional or nonlinear electronic CD is linked to mass spectrometry (MS) by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. The other is based on CD in the angular distribution of photoelectrons, which is measured in combination with MS via photoion photoelectron coincidence. Among the many important applications of mass-selective chiral analysis, this review focuses on its use as an analytical tool for the development of heterogeneous enantioselective chemical catalysis. There exist other approaches to combine chiral analysis and mass-selective detection, such as chiral chromatography MS, which are not discussed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Boesl
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany; ,
| | - Aras Kartouzian
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany; ,
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Pickering JD, Amini K, Brouard M, Burt M, Bush IJ, Christensen L, Lauer A, Nielsen JH, Slater CS, Stapelfeldt H. Communication: Three-fold covariance imaging of laser-induced Coulomb explosions. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:161105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4947551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Pickering
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Kasra Amini
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Brouard
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Burt
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Bush
- Oxford e-Research Centre, 7 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Lauge Christensen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Lauer
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jens H. Nielsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Craig S. Slater
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Hong A, Jeong C, Jang H, Choi MC, Heo J, Kim NJ. Fluorescence-detected circular dichroism spectroscopy of jet-cooled ephedrine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7762-7. [PMID: 26910410 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07438j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The resonant two-photon ionization circular dichroism (R2PICD) spectrum represents the cumulative circular dichroism (CD) of one-photon excitation and the subsequent one-photon ionization, whereas the fluorescence-detected circular dichroism (FDCD) spectra exhibit only the CD of one-photon excitation, similar to conventional CD spectra. We obtained the FDCD spectra of jet-cooled ephedrine (EPD) near the origin band of the S0-S1 transition to measure the CD of one-photon absorption and thus the CD of the ionization process in R2PI in comparison with the R2PICD spectra. The CD effects of the ionization following excitation of the A (0-0) and C (930 cm(-1)) bands in the spectrum are small, whereas those of the B band (530 cm(-1)) are anomalously large, leading to opposite CD signs for the FDCD and R2PICD spectra. Based on the intermediate state-selective fragmentation patterns in the R2PI spectra, this large CD effect is attributed to the state-selective isomerization that occurs after excitation of the B band. By comparing the experimental and theoretical spectra, we determined that the B band corresponds to an asymmetric ring distortion mode that involves torsional motions of the side chain, which may facilitate the isomerization process. This study demonstrates that FDCD spectroscopy combined with R2PICD spectroscopy provides a powerful tool to measure the CD effects of the excitation and ionization processes separately in R2PI and thus probe the structural changes that occur during the ionization process following excitation to an intermediate state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aram Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Changseop Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Heeseon Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Myoung Choul Choi
- Mass Spectrometry & Advanced Instrument Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang Center, Chungbuk 28119, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Heo
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Sangmyung University, Chungnam 31066, Korea.
| | - Nam Joon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Shubert VA, Schmitz D, Pérez C, Medcraft C, Krin A, Domingos SR, Patterson D, Schnell M. Chiral Analysis Using Broadband Rotational Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:341-350. [PMID: 26745342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
broadband microwave spectroscopy is a proven tool to precisely determine molecular properties of gas-phase molecules. Recent developments make it applicable to investigate chiral molecules. Enantiomers can be differentiated, and the enantiomeric excess and, indirectly, the absolute configuration can be determined in a molecule-selective manner. The resonant character and high resolution of rotational spectroscopy provide a unique mixture compatibility. Future directions, such as extending the technique to chemical analysis, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Alvin Shubert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristóbal Pérez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Medcraft
- Max-Planck-Institut für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Krin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sérgio R Domingos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Patterson
- Department of Physics, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Melanie Schnell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Nahon L, Nag L, Garcia GA, Myrgorodska I, Meierhenrich U, Beaulieu S, Wanie V, Blanchet V, Géneaux R, Powis I. Determination of accurate electron chiral asymmetries in fenchone and camphor in the VUV range: sensitivity to isomerism and enantiomeric purity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12696-706. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01293k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectron circular dichroism is a chiroptical effect able to distinguish isomers and to determine accurately the enantiopurity of chiral compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L'Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
| | - Lipsa Nag
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L'Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
| | | | - Iuliia Myrgorodska
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L'Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
- Institut de Chimie de Nice
| | - Uwe Meierhenrich
- Institut de Chimie de Nice
- UMR 7272 CNRS
- University Nice Sophia Antipolis
- 06108 Nice
- France
| | - Samuel Beaulieu
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA
- CELIA
- UMR 5107
- 33405 Talence
- France
| | - Vincent Wanie
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA
- CELIA
- UMR 5107
- 33405 Talence
- France
| | | | | | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham NG7 2RD
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Artemyev AN, Müller AD, Hochstuhl D, Demekhin PV. Photoelectron circular dichroism in the multiphoton ionization by short laser pulses. I. Propagation of single-active-electron wave packets in chiral pseudo-potentials. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:244105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4922690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anton N. Artemyev
- Institute of Physics and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-St. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Anne D. Müller
- Institute of Physics and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-St. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - David Hochstuhl
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Leibnizstrasse 15, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp V. Demekhin
- Institute of Physics and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-St. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Fanood MMR, Ram NB, Lehmann CS, Powis I, Janssen MHM. Enantiomer-specific analysis of multi-component mixtures by correlated electron imaging-ion mass spectrometry. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7511. [PMID: 26104140 PMCID: PMC4491818 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous, enantiomer-specific identification of chiral molecules in multi-component mixtures is extremely challenging. Many established techniques for single-component analysis fail to provide selectivity in multi-component mixtures and lack sensitivity for dilute samples. Here we show how enantiomers may be differentiated by mass-selected photoelectron circular dichroism using an electron-ion coincidence imaging spectrometer. As proof of concept, vapours containing ∼1% of two chiral monoterpene molecules, limonene and camphor, are irradiated by a circularly polarized femtosecond laser, resulting in multiphoton near-threshold ionization with little molecular fragmentation. Large chiral asymmetries (2-4%) are observed in the mass-tagged photoelectron angular distributions. These asymmetries switch sign according to the handedness (R- or S-) of the enantiomer in the mixture and scale with enantiomeric excess of a component. The results demonstrate that mass spectrometric identification of mixtures of chiral molecules and quantitative determination of enantiomeric excess can be achieved in a table-top instrument.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Rafiee Fanood
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - N Bhargava Ram
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - C Stefan Lehmann
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maurice H M Janssen
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Shubert VA, Schmitz D, Medcraft C, Krin A, Patterson D, Doyle JM, Schnell M. Rotational spectroscopy and three-wave mixing of 4-carvomenthenol: A technical guide to measuring chirality in the microwave regime. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:214201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4921833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Alvin Shubert
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Schmitz
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Medcraft
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Krin
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Patterson
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - John M. Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Melanie Schnell
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Allaria E, Badano L, Bassanese S, Capotondi F, Castronovo D, Cinquegrana P, Danailov MB, D'Auria G, Demidovich A, De Monte R, De Ninno G, Di Mitri S, Diviacco B, Fawley WM, Ferianis M, Ferrari E, Gaio G, Gauthier D, Giannessi L, Iazzourene F, Kurdi G, Mahne N, Nikolov I, Parmigiani F, Penco G, Raimondi L, Rebernik P, Rossi F, Roussel E, Scafuri C, Serpico C, Sigalotti P, Spezzani C, Svandrlik M, Svetina C, Trovó M, Veronese M, Zangrando D, Zangrando M. The FERMI free-electron lasers. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:485-491. [PMID: 25931057 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515005366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
FERMI is a seeded free-electron laser (FEL) facility located at the Elettra laboratory in Trieste, Italy, and is now in user operation with its first FEL line, FEL-1, covering the wavelength range between 100 and 20 nm. The second FEL line, FEL-2, a high-gain harmonic generation double-stage cascade covering the wavelength range 20-4 nm, has also completed commissioning and the first user call has been recently opened. An overview of the typical operating modes of the facility is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Badano
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - G D'Auria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - R De Monte
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - G De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Di Mitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - B Diviacco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - W M Fawley
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Ferianis
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Gaio
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Gauthier
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - G Kurdi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - N Mahne
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - I Nikolov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - G Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Rebernik
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Rossi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Roussel
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Scafuri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Serpico
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - C Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - C Svetina
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Trovó
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Veronese
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Rafiee Fanood MM, Janssen MHM, Powis I. Enantioselective femtosecond laser photoionization spectrometry of limonene using photoelectron circular dichroism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:8614-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00583c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Circularly polarized, femtosecond laser multiphoton ionization can clearly distinguish between the enantiomers of limonene from a 4% chiral asymmetry in the photoelectron angular distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham NG7 2RD
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Photoelectron Circular Dichroism of Bicyclic Ketones from Multiphoton Ionization with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. Chemphyschem 2014; 16:115-37. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
83
|
Rafiee Fanood MM, Powis I, Janssen MHM. Chiral Asymmetry in the Multiphoton Ionization of Methyloxirane Using Femtosecond Electron–Ion Coincidence Imaging. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11541-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5113125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Powis
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Maurice H. M. Janssen
- LaserLaB
Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Sofikitis D, Bougas L, Katsoprinakis GE, Spiliotis AK, Loppinet B, Rakitzis TP. Evanescent-wave and ambient chiral sensing by signal-reversing cavity ringdown polarimetry. Nature 2014; 514:76-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
85
|
Garcia GA, Dossmann H, Nahon L, Daly S, Powis I. Photoelectron circular dichroism and spectroscopy of trifluoromethyl- and methyl-oxirane: a comparative study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:16214-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01941e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
86
|
Hockett P, Wollenhaupt M, Lux C, Baumert T. Complete photoionization experiments via ultrafast coherent control with polarization multiplexing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:223001. [PMID: 24949763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.223001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) obtained from ionization of potassium atoms using moderately intense femtosecond IR fields (∼10^{12} W cm^{-2}) of various polarization states are shown to provide a route to "complete" photoionization experiments. Ionization occurs by a net three-photon absorption process, driven via the 4s→4p resonance at the one-photon level. A theoretical treatment incorporating the intrapulse electronic dynamics allows for a full set of ionization matrix elements to be extracted from 2D imaging data. 3D PADs generated from the extracted matrix elements are also compared to experimental, tomographically reconstructed, 3D photoelectron distributions, providing a sensitive test of their validity. Finally, application of the determined matrix elements to ionization via more complex, polarization-shaped, pulses is demonstrated, illustrating the utility of this methodology towards detailed understanding of complex ionization control schemes and suggesting the utility of such "multiplexed" intrapulse processes as powerful tools for measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Hockett
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa K1M 1R6, Canada
| | - M Wollenhaupt
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - C Lux
- Institut für Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - T Baumert
- Institut für Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Patterson D, Schnell M. New studies on molecular chirality in the gas phase: enantiomer differentiation and determination of enantiomeric excess. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11114-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|