51
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Facile, rapid one-pot synthesis of multifunctional gold nanoclusters for cell imaging, hydrogen sulfide detection and pH sensing. Talanta 2018; 197:1-11. [PMID: 30771909 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have developed a facile, rapid one-pot strategy for synthesis of orange fluorescent gold nanoclusters (MBISA-AuNCs) at room temperature by using 2-Mercapto-5-benzimidazolesulfonic acid (MBISA) as both reducing and protecting reagent. The prepared AuNCs exhibited prominent advantages including high fluorescent quantum yield, good water solubility, excellent biocompatibility and low toxicity. Based on these superior properties, the AuNCs have been multi-talented applied in cell imaging, hydrogen sulfide detection and pH sensing. Confocal fluorescence imaging showed that the MBISA-AuNCs could enter living cells and distribute in the cytoplasm. Additionally, the obtained AuNCs could visualize H2S fluctuations in living cells without interference of autofluorescence based on their high sensitivity and selectivity detection for H2S with a linear range of 2.7 × 10-11-8.5 × 10-4 M and a detection limit of 0.024 nM. Most strikingly, the AuNCs exhibited strong pH dependent behavior and responded linearly, rapidly and reversibly to minor pH fluctuations within the range of 2.01-12.00. Therefore, the AuNCs could also image pH fluctuations in live cells with negligible autofluorescence and provided a new method of analysis to visualize monitoring wide pH range change in live cells.
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52
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Dong Y, Wang L, Wang F, Li N, Jin Y, Zhang J, Yang X. An etching based fluorescent probe for sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide in cells. Analyst 2018; 142:4703-4707. [PMID: 29168848 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the most crucial gas signaling agents that mediate many physiological and pathological processes. However, rapid high-efficiency detection and imaging of H2S in living cells is very challenging. Herein we reported a simple fluorescent nanoprobe using FAM-DNA/AgNP nanocomposites for fast and sensitive H2S detection based on surface silver displacement. In contrast to the conventional principles for fluorescence turn-on analyte detection, the present work demonstrated a sensitive and selective AgNP based optosensor for the assay of H2S. Compared with the majority of the reported H2S probes, complex synthesis procedures and costly equipment are not involved in this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Dong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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53
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Wu L, Sun Y, Sugimoto K, Luo Z, Ishigaki Y, Pu K, Suzuki T, Chen HY, Ye D. Engineering of Electrochromic Materials as Activatable Probes for Molecular Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16340-16352. [PMID: 30384600 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrochromic materials (EMs) are widely used color-switchable materials, but their applications as stimuli-responsive biomaterials to monitor and control biological processes remain unexplored. This study reports the engineering of an organic π-electron structure-based EM (dicationic 1,1,4,4-tetraarylbutadiene, 12+) as a unique hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-responsive chromophore amenable to build H2S-activatable fluorescent probes (12+-semiconducting polymer nanoparticles, 12+-SNPs) for in vivo H2S detection. We demonstrate that EM 12+, with a strong absorption (500-850 nm), efficiently quenches the fluorescence (580, 700, or 830 nm) of different fluorophores within 12+-SNPs, while the selective conversion into colorless diene 2 via H2S-mediated two-electron reduction significantly recovers fluorescence, allowing for non-invasive imaging of hepatic and tumor H2S in mice in real time. Strikingly, EM 12+ is further applied to design a near-infrared photosensitizer with tumor-targeting and H2S-activatable ability for effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) of H2S-related tumors in mice. This study demonstrates promise for applying EMs to build activatable probes for molecular imaging of H2S and selective PDT of tumors, which may lead to the development of new EMs capable of detecting and regulating essential biological processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yidan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Keisuke Sugimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , N10 W8, North-ward , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Zhiliang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , N10 W8, North-ward , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University , 637457 , Singapore
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , N10 W8, North-ward , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China.,Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCent) , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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54
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Chen H, Sun T, Qiao XG, Tang QO, Zhao SC, Zhou Z. Red-emitting fluorescent probe for detecting hypochlorite acid in vitro and in vivo. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 204:196-202. [PMID: 29935390 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the importance of hypochlorous acid (HClO) in biological and industrial, development of fluorescent probes for HClO has been an active research area. Here, a new red-emitting ratiometric fluorescent probe (P) was synthesized and well defined characterization via NMR, HR-MS, and fluorescence spectrum, which serves as a selective and sensitive probe for ClO- group. The probe showed a ratiometric fluorescent response to hypochlorite at the emission intensities ratio (I480/I612) increasing from 0.28 to 27.46. The emission intensities ratio (I480/I612) was linearly enhanced (I480/I612 = 0.064 X + 0.096) with the ClO- concentration range from 1 to 30 μM. The detection limitation for ClO- in aqueous solution is 0.47 μM. Moreover, this biocompatible red-emitting ratiometric fluorescent probe was utilized to the fluorescence imaging of ClO- in living cells and Zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
| | - Xiao-Guang Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
| | - Qian-Oian Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
| | - Shan-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Zhan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China.
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55
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Li H, Yao Q, Xu F, Xu N, Sun W, Long S, Du J, Fan J, Wang J, Peng X. Lighting-Up Tumor for Assisting Resection via Spraying NIR Fluorescent Probe of γ-Glutamyltranspeptidas. Front Chem 2018; 6:485. [PMID: 30370267 PMCID: PMC6194167 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For the precision resection, development of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe based on specificity identification tumor-associated enzyme for lighting-up the tumor area, is urgent in the field of diagnosis and treatment. Overexpression of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, one of the cell-membrane enzymes, known as a biomarker is concerned with the growth and progression of ovarian, liver, colon and breast cancer compared to normal tissue. In this work, a remarkable enzyme-activated NIR fluorescent probe NIR-SN-GGT was proposed and synthesized including two moieties: a NIR dicyanoisophorone core as signal reporter unit; γ-glutamyl group as the specificity identification site. In the presence of γ-GGT, probe NIR-SN-GGT was transformed into NIR-SN-NH2, the recovery of Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT), liberating the NIR fluorescence signal, which was firstly employed to distinguish tumor tissue and normal tissues via simple “spraying” manner, greatly promoting the possibility of precise excision. Furthermore, combined with magnetic resonance imaging by T2 weight mode, tumor transplanted BABL/c mice could be also lit up for first time by NIR fluorescence probe having a large stokes, which demonstrated that probe NIR-SN-GGT would be a useful tool for assisting surgeon to diagnose and remove tumor in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Qichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Saran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Department School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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56
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Imaging γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase for tumor identification and resection guidance via enzyme-triggered fluorescent probe. Biomaterials 2018; 179:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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57
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Ma T, Zheng J, Zhang T, Xing D. Ratiometric photoacoustic nanoprobes for monitoring and imaging of hydrogen sulfide in vivo. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13462-13470. [PMID: 29972183 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Detection and visualization of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is crucial for understanding its physiological and pathological roles towards human health and diseases, but precisely tracking of H2S in vivo remains challenging due to the limitations of available analytical methods. In this study, we developed a novel ratiometric photoacoustic (PA) nanoprobe for selective detection and imaging of H2S in biological fluids, live cells, brain tissues and animals. The nanoprobe AzHD-LP was fabricated by encapsulation of a newly synthesized H2S-responsive near-infrared (NIR) dye (AzHD) within a liposome (LP). The as-prepared AzHD-LP exhibits a dramatically red-shift response of its absorption peak after reduction reaction of AzHD with H2S: the absorbance of AzHD-LP centered at 600 and 700 nm is decreased and increased, respectively, producing a turn-on ratiometric PA signal in the presence of H2S. Typically, under the excitation of a 532 nm and 700 nm pulsed laser, the selective detection and imaging of H2S was achieved in aqueous solution, living cells and brain tissues of Alzheimer's diseased mice. Moreover, after AzHD-LP conjugated with a tumor-targeting peptide - c(RGDyK) as RGD-AzHD-LP - ratiometric PA mapping of the intratumoral generated H2S in the HCT116 colon tumor-bearing live mice was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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58
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Guo Y, Lu G, Zhuo J, Wang J, Li X, Zhang Z. A visible-near-infrared fluorescent probe for peroxynitrite with large pseudo-Stokes and emission shift via through-bond energy and charge transfers controlled by energy matching. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2489-2496. [PMID: 32254466 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00452h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We reported a visible-near-infrared fluorescent probe for peroxynitrite detection with large pseudo-Stokes and emission shifts, based on through-bond energy transfer (TBET) in combination with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Pyrene was chosen as a fluorophore (acceptor), which has monomer/excimer fluorescence characteristics. A conjugated 1,2-dimethylenehydrazine structure was a linker and phenyl boronate was selected as a reaction site (donor) to design the probe (Py-PhB) using the chemical transformation from boronate to phenol, which results in the increase of the energy of the donor to match the energy of the acceptor and simultaneously achieves TBET and ICT between the donor (phenolate) and the acceptor (pyrene), leading to a fluorescence 'OFF-ON' in a red-shifted region and a large emission shift. The results show that the probe exhibits high selectivity to ONOO- with a detection limit of 3.54 μM. Favorable ICT from phenolate to pyrene makes the probe possess a large monomer emission shift (183 nm), red-shifted to organe-red light (598 nm). TBET ensures the probe with a large pseudo-Stokes shift of 244 nm. Furthermore, its excimer emits a near-infrared light (720 nm), which is extremely beneficial for bioimaging. In short, this probe offers a novel design strategy for designing the TBET fluorescent sensors emitting red or NIR light with large pseudo-Stokes and emission shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, P. R. China.
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59
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Li H, Yao Q, Xu F, Xu N, Ma X, Fan J, Long S, Du J, Wang J, Peng X. Recognition of Exogenous and Endogenous Nitroxyl in Living Cells via a Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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60
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Yang L, Su Y, Sha Z, Geng Y, Qi F, Song X. A red-emitting fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide in living cells with a large Stokes shift. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1150-1156. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02641b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An azido-based fluorescent probe was developed for the sensitive and selective detection of H2S with a red emission and a large Stokes shift. The probe was successfully applied to detect H2S both in aqueous solution and in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanan Su
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Zhankui Sha
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan
- P.R. China 430074
| | - Yani Geng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Fengpei Qi
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
| | - Xiangzhi Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
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61
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Qian M, Zhang L, Pu Z, Xia J, Chen L, Xia Y, Cui H, Wang J, Peng X. A NIR fluorescent probe for the detection and visualization of hydrogen sulfide using the aldehyde group assisted thiolysis of dinitrophenyl ether strategy. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7916-7925. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A NIR fluorescent probe exploiting the aldehyde group assisted thiolysis of dinitrophenyl ether strategy for H2S imaging in cells, tissues and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
| | - Liuwei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongji Pu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Lili Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Xia
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
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62
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Guria UN, Maiti K, Ali SS, Samanta SK, Mandal D, Sarkar R, Datta P, Ghosh AK, Mahapatra AK. Reaction-based bi-signaling chemodosimeter probe for selective detection of hydrogen sulfide and cellular studies. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04632d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A new quinoline-indolium-based chemical probe (DPQI) was synthesized and characterized for selective detection of hydrogen sulphide (H2S).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Narayan Guria
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Kalipada Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Syed Samim Ali
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Sandip Kumar Samanta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Debasish Mandal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology
- Patiala
- India
| | - Ripon Sarkar
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Shibpur
- India
| | - Pallab Datta
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Shibpur
- India
| | | | - Ajit Kumar Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
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63
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Li YT, Zhao XJ, Jiang YR, Yang BQ. A novel long-wavelength fluorescent probe for selective detection of hydrogen sulfide in living cells. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04241a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive detection of endogenous H2S by a low cytotoxicity probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-ting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Xiong-jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-ren Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Bing-qing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
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64
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Lohar S, Maji A, Pal S, Mukhopadhyay SK, Nag D, Demitri N, Chattopadhyay P. Naphthalimide-Based Turn-On Fluorosensor for Aqueous Sulfide Ions for Staining in Living Cells. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somenath Lohar
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Burdwan, Golapbag; Burdwan 713104 India
| | - Abhishek Maji
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Burdwan, Golapbag; Burdwan 713104 India
| | - Siddhartha Pal
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Burdwan, Golapbag; Burdwan 713104 India
| | | | - Dipta Nag
- Department of Microbiology; The University of Burdwan, Golapbag; Burdwan 713104 India
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste; S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park 34149 Basovizza Trieste Italy
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65
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Li Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Jiang K, Cui Y, Yang Y, Qian G. A nanoscale Zr-based fluorescent metal-organic framework for selective and sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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66
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A turn-on endoplasmic reticulum-targeted two-photon fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide and bio-imaging applications in living cells, tissues, and zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12944. [PMID: 29021592 PMCID: PMC5636802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the important gas signal molecules, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is associated with many important physiological processes in living organisms. Organelles, especially endoplasmic reticulum (ER), play a crucial role in the cell metabolism. Accordingly, the detection of H2S in the ER is of high interest. Toward this goal, we have described the development of the first ER-targeted fluorescent H2S probe (Na-H 2 S-ER). The new probe exhibited favorable features, such as a large turn-on fluorescence signal (45-fold fluorescence enhancement), high sensitivity and selectivity. The probe was successfully employed for imaging exogenous and endogenous H2S in the living HeLa cells. Significantly, the new probe Na-H 2 S-ER was employed to visualize H2S in the ER of living cells for the first time. In addition, the probe was also successfully used for imaging H2S in the living tissues up to a depth of 100 μm and in the living zebrafish.
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67
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Yang X, Zhang J. A colorimetric and fluorogenic probe for bisulfite using benzopyrylium as the recognition unit. LUMINESCENCE 2017; 32:1233-1239. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an People's Republic of China
- Chemical Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Chemical Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University Xi'an People's Republic of China
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68
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Zhang K, Zhang J, Xi Z, Li LY, Gu X, Zhang QZ, Yi L. A new H 2S-specific near-infrared fluorescence-enhanced probe that can visualize the H 2S level in colorectal cancer cells in mice. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2776-2781. [PMID: 28553513 PMCID: PMC5426460 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05646f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence-based sensors capable of selective detection of H2S in vivo would be useful tools to understand the mechanisms of diseases. A new NIR fluorescence probe 1 was developed for the detection of endogenous H2S in colorectal cancer cells in mice. 1 displayed an 87-fold fluorescence enhancement at 796 nm (with excitation at 730 nm) when reacted with H2S in a buffer (pH 7.4). 1 was water-soluble, cell-membrane-permeable, had low cytotoxicity and high selectivity and sensitivity for H2S. The properties of 1 enable its use in monitoring endogenous H2S in living cells, tissues, and mice. The bioimaging results indicated that (1) d-Cys could induce endogenous H2S production in living cells and stimulate angiogenesis; (2) tail intravenous injection of 1 into mice generated strong fluorescence in the liver while intraperitoneal injection of d-Cys could further enhance fluorescence in the liver in vivo; (3) importantly, endogenous H2S in colorectal cancer cells (HCT116, HT29) in vitro and in murine tumor models could be quickly and selectively detected by intratumoral injection of 1. These results indicated that our new probe could serve as an efficient tool for the detection of cellular H2S in living animals and even for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy , Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis , Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) , 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District , Beijing 100029 , China .
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy , Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin) , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Lu-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy , Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Xiangxiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy , Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Qiang-Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy , Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Long Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis , Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) , 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District , Beijing 100029 , China .
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin) , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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69
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Xu QC, Gu ZY, Xing GW. Design and synthesis of a Cu(II)-complex-based carbazole-hemicyanine hybrid for fluorescent sensing of H 2 S in SDS micellar solution. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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70
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Li H, Yao Q, Fan J, Du J, Wang J, Peng X. A two-photon NIR-to-NIR fluorescent probe for imaging hydrogen peroxide in living cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 94:536-543. [PMID: 28347967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays vital roles in diverse physiological processes. Imbalance of the H2O2 is concerned with serious diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Therefore, it is critical to develop efficient methods for monitoring H2O2 in vivo. In this work, a two-photon excitation (860nm) NIR fluorescent turn-on probe TPNR-H2O2 for H2O2 based on Dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran fluorophore is reported, which can be used in solution detection with 13.2-fold NIR fluorescence enhancement, fast response (completed within 40min), excellent sensitivity (DL 72.48nM), and lower cellular auto-fluorescence interference. Importantly, the perfect photostability of TPNR-H2O2 clearly demonstrated that the probe could be applied to imaging intracellular H2O2 for a long time without photobleaching. In addition, through two-photon imaging, this probe was cell permeable and used to monitor the level of endogenous and exogenous H2O2 with promising biological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Qichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China.
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71
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A near-infrared “turn-on” fluorescent probe with a self-immolative linker for the in vivo quantitative detection and imaging of hydrogen sulfide. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 89:919-926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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72
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Gong D, Zhu X, Tian Y, Han SC, Deng M, Iqbal A, Liu W, Qin W, Guo H. A Phenylselenium-Substituted BODIPY Fluorescent Turn-off Probe for Fluorescence Imaging of Hydrogen Sulfide in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1801-1807. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Gong
- Key
Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangtao Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory
of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary
Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P. R. China
| | - Yuejun Tian
- Institute
of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Chong Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory
of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary
Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P. R. China
| | - Min Deng
- Key
Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Anam Iqbal
- Key
Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wenwu Qin
- Key
Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory
of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary
Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P. R. China
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73
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Tang Y, Jiang GF. A novel two-photon fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide in living cells using an acedan–NBD amine dyad based on FRET process with high selectivity and sensitivity. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01080j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first NBD amine based two-photon fluorescence probe L using a FRET strategy was developed for the H2S detecting in vitro and in vivo. The probe L not only afforded high selectivity and sensitivity for H2S detecting, but also dispalyed a linear response to H2S with a low detection limit 24 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- State Key Lab of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Guo-Fang Jiang
- State Key Lab of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
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74
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Ma J, Fan J, Li H, Yao Q, Xu F, Wang J, Peng X. A NIR fluorescent chemodosimeter for imaging endogenous hydrogen polysulfides via the CSE enzymatic pathway. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2574-2579. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00098g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sodium polysulfides (Na2Sn, n > 1) as important raw materials in the chemical industry can afford hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn, n > 1) under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian university of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian university of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian university of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Qichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian university of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian university of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian university of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
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75
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Zhu H, Fan J, Du J, Peng X. Fluorescent Probes for Sensing and Imaging within Specific Cellular Organelles. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2115-2126. [PMID: 27661761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 586] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes have become powerful tools in biosensing and bioimaging because of their high sensitivity, specificity, fast response, and technical simplicity. In the last decades, researchers have made remarkable progress in developing fluorescent probes that respond to changes in microenvironments (e.g., pH, viscosity, and polarity) or quantities of biomolecules of interest (e.g., ions, reactive oxygen species, and enzymes). All of these analytes are specialized to carry out vital functions and are linked to serious disorders in distinct subcellular organelles. Each of these organelles plays a specific and indispensable role in cellular processes. For example, the nucleus regulates gene expression, mitochondria are responsible for aerobic metabolism, and lysosomes digest macromolecules for cell recycling. A certain organelle requires specific biological species and the appropriate microenvironment to perform its cellular functions, while breakdown of the homeostasis of biomolecules or microenvironmental mutations leads to organelle malfunctions, which further cause disorders or diseases. Fluorescent probes that can be targeted to both specific organelles and biochemicals/microenvironmental factors are capable of reporting localized bioinformation and are potentially useful for gaining insight into the contributions of analytes to both healthy and diseased states. In this Account, we review our recent work on the development of fluorescent probes for sensing and imaging within specific organelles. We present an overview of the design, photophysical properties, and biological applications of the probes, which can localize to mitochondria, lysosomes, the nucleus, the Golgi apparatus, and the endoplasmic reticulum. Although a diversity of organelle-specific fluorescent stains have been commercially available, our efforts place an emphasis on improvements in terms of low cytotoxicity, high photostability, near-infrared (NIR) emission, two-photon excitation, and long fluorescence lifetimes, which are crucial for long-time tracking of biological processes, tissue and body imaging with deep penetration and low autofluorescence, and time-resolved fluorescence imaging. Research on fluorescent probes with both analyte responsiveness and organelle targetability is a new and emerging area that has attracted increasing attention over the past few years. We have extended the diversity by developing organelle-specific responsive probes capable of detecting changes in biomolecular levels (reactive oxygen species, fluoride ion, hydrogen sulfide, zinc cation, thiol-containing amino acids, and cyclooxygenase-2) and the microenvironment (viscosity, polarity, and pH). Future research should give more considerations of the "low-concern" organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes. In addition, given the tiny sizes of subcellular organelles (20-1000 nm), we anticipate that clearer visulization of the cellular events within specific organelles will rely on super-resolution optical microscopy with nanoscopic-scale resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- State Key
Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key
Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key
Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key
Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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76
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Pak YL, Li J, Ko KC, Kim G, Lee JY, Yoon J. Mitochondria-Targeted Reaction-Based Fluorescent Probe for Hydrogen Sulfide. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5476-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Leng Pak
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jun Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Kyoung Chul Ko
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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77
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Tang L, Zheng Z, Zhong K, Bian Y. A 2,5-diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-based fluorescent probe for rapid and highly selective recognition of hydrogen sulfide with a large Stokes shift through switching on ESIPT. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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78
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Li H, Yao Q, Fan J, Hu C, Xu F, Du J, Wang J, Peng X. A Fluorescent Probe for Ratiometric Imaging of SO2 Derivatives in Mitochondria of Living Cells. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Qichao Yao
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chong Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- School
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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79
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Asthana SK, Kumar A, Neeraj N, Shweta S, Upadhyay KK. Efficient visualization of H2S via a fluorescent probe with three electrophilic centres. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3690-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A meticulous design strategy of incorporating three electrophilic centres in an optical probe (FLA) led to the achievement of high sensitivity and rapid response time (40 s) towards H2S detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Kumar Asthana
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Ajit Kumar
- Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities
- National Institute of Foundry & Forge Technology
- Ranchi 834003
- India
| | - Neeraj Neeraj
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Shweta Shweta
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - K. K. Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
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