51
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Hwang J, Li P, Smith MD, Warden CE, Sirianni DA, Vik EC, Maier JM, Yehl CJ, Sherrill CD, Shimizu KD. Tipping the Balance between S-π and O-π Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13301-13307. [PMID: 30251855 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive experimental survey consisting of 36 molecular balances was conducted to compare 18 pairs of S-π versus O-π interactions over a wide range of structural, geometric, and solvent parameters. A strong linear correlation was observed between the folding energies of the sulfur and oxygen balances across the entire library of balance pairs. The more stable interaction systematically switched from the O-π to S-π interaction. Computational studies of bimolecular PhSCH3-arene and PhOCH3-arene complexes were able to replicate the experimental trends in the molecular balances. The change in preference for the O-π to S-π interaction was due to the interplay of stabilizing (dispersion and solvophobic) and destabilizing (exchange-repulsion) terms arising from the differences in size and polarizability of the oxygen and sulfur atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | | | | | - Erik C Vik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Josef M Maier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Christopher J Yehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | | | - Ken D Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
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52
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Cavitation energies can outperform dispersion interactions. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1252-1257. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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53
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Rösel S, Becker J, Allen WD, Schreiner PR. Probing the Delicate Balance between Pauli Repulsion and London Dispersion with Triphenylmethyl Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14421-14432. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sören Rösel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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54
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Satake A, Suzuki Y, Sugimoto M, Shimazaki T, Ishii H, Kuramochi Y. A Solvation/Desolvation Indicator Based on van der Waals Interactions between Solvents and Porphyrins. Chemistry 2018; 24:14733-14741. [PMID: 29989274 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Solvation is a ubiquitous phenomenon associated with molecules in solutions. It often determines the equilibria of molecular systems and the rates of chemical reactions. Van der Waals interactions (a general term) includes weak interactions among noncharged compounds and it contributes significantly to solvation. The distinct observation of van der Waals interaction between solvent and porphyrin derivatives is reported herein. Bis(imidazolylporphyrinatozinc) structures connected through a 1,3-butadiyne moiety give two types of coordination polymers, E (extended) and S (stacked) polymers, exclusively. E polymers have larger solvent-accessible surface areas than the corresponding S polymers. Therefore, E polymers are better solvated than S polymers, providing an indicator of solvation and desolvation for the solvents used. A simple method (like a litmus test) was developed to evaluate the solvation ability of various solvents. Sixty-seven solvents and liquid compounds were tested, under the same conditions, using a conventional UV/Vis spectrometer. The results revealed a new liquid group with high solvation ability towards the porphyrins, and clarified van der Waals interaction assisted by secondary interaction on the substituents. The indicator system should contribute to the solution chemistry of molecules and materials, and to supramolecular chemistry interactions among hetero components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiharu Satake
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Motonobu Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tatsumi Shimazaki
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ishii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kuramochi
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science, Japan
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55
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Marin-Luna M, Pölloth B, Zott F, Zipse H. Size-dependent rate acceleration in the silylation of secondary alcohols: the bigger the faster. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6509-6515. [PMID: 30310581 PMCID: PMC6115683 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01889h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Relative rates for the reaction of secondary alcohols carrying large aromatic moieties with silyl chlorides carrying equally large substituents have been determined in organic solvents. Introducing thoroughly matching pairs of big dispersion energy donor (DED) groups enhanced rate constants up to four times, notably depending on the hydrogen bond donor ability of the solvent. A linear correlation between computed dispersion energy contributions to the stability of the silyl ether products and experimental relative rate constants was found. These results indicate a cooperation between solvophobic effects and DED-groups in the kinetic control of silylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marin-Luna
- Department of Chemistry , LMU München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 , 81377 , München , Germany .
| | - Benjamin Pölloth
- Department of Chemistry , LMU München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 , 81377 , München , Germany .
| | - Fabian Zott
- Department of Chemistry , LMU München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 , 81377 , München , Germany .
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department of Chemistry , LMU München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 , 81377 , München , Germany .
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56
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Morisue M, Ueno I. Preferential Solvation Unveiled by Anomalous Conformational Equilibration of Porphyrin Dimers: Nucleation Growth of Solvent–Solvent Segregation. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5251-5259. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Morisue
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ikuya Ueno
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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57
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Gao XH, Xu YS, Fan YY, Gan LS, Zuo JP, Yue JM. Cascarinoids A-C, a Class of Diterpenoid Alkaloids with Unpredicted Conformations from Croton cascarilloides. Org Lett 2018; 20:228-231. [PMID: 29251945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cascarinoids A-C (1-3), a new class of diterpenoid alkaloids with unpredicted conformations, were isolated and structurally characterized from Croton cascarilloides. It was demonstrated that the dispersion interaction might be one of the main contributors that stabilized the folded conformations for compounds 1-3. Compounds 2 and 3 showed moderate immunosuppressive activity against T and/or B lymphocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Sheng Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-She Gan
- Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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58
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Xie M, Lu W. Attraction or repulsion? Theoretical assessment of bulky alkyl groups by employing dispersion-corrected DFT. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2240-2247. [PMID: 35541438 PMCID: PMC9077402 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11547d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The attraction–repulsion balance of alkyl groups was demonstrated in an intramolecular conformational equilibrium system. The contribution of attractive dispersion is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- South University of Science and Technology of China
- Shenzhen
- 518055 P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry
- South University of Science and Technology of China
- Shenzhen
- 518055 P. R. China
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59
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Baril SA, Koenig AL, Krone MW, Albanese KI, Qixin He C, Lee GY, Houk KN, Waters ML, Brustad EM. Investigation of Trimethyllysine Binding by the HP1 Chromodomain via Unnatural Amino Acid Mutagenesis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17253-17256. [PMID: 29111699 PMCID: PMC6040664 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyllysine (Kme3) reader proteins are targets for inhibition due to their role in mediating gene expression. Although all such reader proteins bind Kme3 in an aromatic cage, the driving force for binding may differ; some readers exhibit evidence for cation-π interactions whereas others do not. We report a general unnatural amino acid mutagenesis approach to quantify the contribution of individual tyrosines to cation binding using the HP1 chromodomain as a model system. We demonstrate that two tyrosines (Y24 and Y48) bind to a Kme3-histone tail peptide via cation-π interactions, but linear free energy trends suggest they do not contribute equally to binding. X-ray structures and computational analysis suggest that the distance and degree of contact between Tyr residues and Kme3 plays an important role in tuning cation-π-mediated Kme3 recognition. Although cation-π interactions have been studied in a number of proteins, this work is the first to utilize direct binding assays, X-ray crystallography, and modeling, to pinpoint factors that influence the magnitude of the individual cation-π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A. Baril
- Department of Chemistry, CB 3290, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Amber L. Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, CB 3290, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mackenzie W. Krone
- Department of Chemistry, CB 3290, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Katherine I. Albanese
- Department of Chemistry, CB 3290, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Cyndi Qixin He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Box 951569, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ga Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Box 951569, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Box 951569, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Marcey L. Waters
- Department of Chemistry, CB 3290, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Eric M. Brustad
- Department of Chemistry, CB 3290, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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60
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Pascoe DJ, Ling KB, Cockroft SL. The Origin of Chalcogen-Bonding Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15160-15167. [PMID: 28985065 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Favorable molecular interactions between group 16 elements have been implicated in catalysis, biological processes, and materials and medicinal chemistry. Such interactions have since become known as chalcogen bonds by analogy to hydrogen and halogen bonds. Although the prevalence and applications of chalcogen-bonding interactions continues to develop, debate still surrounds the energetic significance and physicochemical origins of this class of σ-hole interaction. Here, synthetic molecular balances were used to perform a quantitative experimental investigation of chalcogen-bonding interactions. Over 160 experimental conformational free energies were measured in 13 different solvents to examine the energetics of O···S, O···Se, S···S, O···HC, and S···HC contacts and the associated substituent and solvent effects. The strongest chalcogen-bonding interactions were found to be at least as strong as conventional H-bonds, but unlike H-bonds, surprisingly independent of the solvent. The independence of the conformational free energies on solvent polarity, polarizability, and H-bonding characteristics showed that electrostatic, solvophobic, and van der Waals dispersion forces did not account for the observed experimental trends. Instead, a quantitative relationship between the experimental conformational free energies and computed molecular orbital energies was consistent with the chalcogen-bonding interactions being dominated by n → σ* orbital delocalization between a lone pair (n) of a (thio)amide donor and the antibonding σ* orbital of an acceptor thiophene or selenophene. Interestingly, stabilization was manifested through the same acceptor molecular orbital irrespective of whether a direct chalcogen···chalcogen or chalcogen···H-C contact was made. Our results underline the importance of often-overlooked orbital delocalization effects in conformational control and molecular recognition phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J Pascoe
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Kenneth B Ling
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Scott L Cockroft
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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61
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Li P, Maier JM, Vik EC, Yehl CJ, Dial BE, Rickher AE, Smith MD, Pellechia PJ, Shimizu KD. Stabilizing Fluorine–π Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Josef M. Maier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Erik C. Vik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Christopher J. Yehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Brent E. Dial
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Amanda E. Rickher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Perry J. Pellechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Ken D. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
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62
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Li P, Maier JM, Vik EC, Yehl CJ, Dial BE, Rickher AE, Smith MD, Pellechia PJ, Shimizu KD. Stabilizing Fluorine–π Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7209-7212. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Josef M. Maier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Erik C. Vik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Christopher J. Yehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Brent E. Dial
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Amanda E. Rickher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Perry J. Pellechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Ken D. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
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63
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Sharber SA, Baral RN, Frausto Arellano F, Haas TE, Müller P, Thomas Iii SW. Substituent Effects That Control Conjugated Oligomer Conformation through Non-covalent Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5164-5174. [PMID: 28362486 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although understanding the conformations and arrangements of conjugated materials as solids is key to their prospective applications, predictive power over these structural factors remains elusive. In this work, substituent effects tune non-covalent interactions between side-chain fluorinated benzyl esters and main-chain terminal arenes, in turn controlling the conformations and interchromophore aggregation of three-ring phenylene-ethynylenes (PEs). Cofacial fluoroarene-arene (ArF-ArH) interactions cause twisting in the PE backbone, interrupting intramolecular conjugation as well as blocking chromophore aggregation, both of which prevent the typically observed bathochromic shift observed upon transitioning PEs from solution to solid. This work highlights two structural factors that determine whether the ArF-ArH interactions, and the resulting twisted, unaggregated chromophores, occur in these solids: (i) the electron-releasing characteristic of substituents on ArH, with more electron-releasing character favoring ArF-ArH interactions, and (ii) the fluorination pattern of the ArF ring, with 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl favoring ArF-ArH interactions over 2,4,6-trifluorophenyl. These trends indicate that considerations of electrostatic complementarity, whether through a polar-π or substituent-substituent mechanism, can serve as an effective design principle in controlling the interaction strengths, and therefore the optoelectronic properties, of these molecules as solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Sharber
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Rom Nath Baral
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | | | - Terry E Haas
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samuel W Thomas Iii
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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64
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CO2 sorption behavior of imidazole, benzimidazole and benzoic acid based coordination polymers. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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65
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Lypson AB, Wilcox CS. Synthesis and NMR Analysis of a Conformationally Controlled β-Turn Mimetic Torsion Balance. J Org Chem 2017; 82:898-909. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa B. Lypson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Craig S. Wilcox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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66
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Hwang JW, Li P, Shimizu KD. Synergy between experimental and computational studies of aromatic stacking interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 15:1554-1564. [PMID: 27878156 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01985d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic stacking interactions are one of the most common types of non-covalent interactions. However, their fundamental origins and the ability to accurately predict their stability trends are still an active area of research. The study of aromatic stacking interactions has been particularly challenging. The interaction involves a delicate balance of multiple forces, and the aromatic surfaces can readily adopt different interaction geometries. Thus, the collaborative efforts of theoretical and experimental researchers have been essential to understand and build more accurate predictive models of aromatic stacking interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Wun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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67
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Yamada S, Yamamoto N, Takamori E. Synthesis of Molecular Seesaw Balances and the Evaluation of Pyridinium−π Interactions. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11819-11830. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku,
Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Natsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku,
Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Eri Takamori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku,
Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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68
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Hubbard TA, Brown AJ, Bell IAW, Cockroft SL. The Limit of Intramolecular H-Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15114-15117. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alisdair J. Brown
- Afton Chemical Limited, London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2UW, U.K
| | - Ian A. W. Bell
- Afton Chemical Limited, London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2UW, U.K
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69
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Kennedy CR, Lin S, Jacobsen EN. The Cation-π Interaction in Small-Molecule Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12596-624. [PMID: 27329991 PMCID: PMC5096794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalysis by small molecules (≤1000 Da, 10(-9) m) that are capable of binding and activating substrates through attractive, noncovalent interactions has emerged as an important approach in organic and organometallic chemistry. While the canonical noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, ion pairing, and π stacking, have become mainstays of catalyst design, the cation-π interaction has been comparatively underutilized in this context since its discovery in the 1980s. However, like a hydrogen bond, the cation-π interaction exhibits a typical binding affinity of several kcal mol(-1) with substantial directionality. These properties render it attractive as a design element for the development of small-molecule catalysts, and in recent years, the catalysis community has begun to take advantage of these features, drawing inspiration from pioneering research in molecular recognition and structural biology. This Review surveys the burgeoning application of the cation-π interaction in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rose Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 535 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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70
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Corne V, Sarotti AM, Ramirez de Arellano C, Spanevello RA, Suárez AG. Experimental and theoretical insights in the alkene-arene intramolecular π-stacking interaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1616-23. [PMID: 27559414 PMCID: PMC4979656 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral acrylic esters derived from biomass were developed as models to have a better insight in the aryl-vinyl π-stacking interactions. Quantum chemical calculations, NMR studies and experimental evidences demonstrated the presence of equilibriums of at least four different conformations: π-stacked and face-to-edge, each of them in an s-cis/s-trans conformation. The results show that the stabilization produced by the π-π interaction makes the π-stacked conformation predominant in solution and this stabilization is slightly affected by the electron density of the aromatic counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Corne
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET. Suipacha 531, RosarioS2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Ariel M Sarotti
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET. Suipacha 531, RosarioS2002LRK, Argentina
| | | | - Rolando A Spanevello
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET. Suipacha 531, RosarioS2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Alejandra G Suárez
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET. Suipacha 531, RosarioS2002LRK, Argentina
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71
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Kennedy CR, Lin S, Jacobsen EN. Die Kation-π-Wechselwirkung in der Katalyse mit niedermolekularen Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Rose Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford St Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; 535 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Eric N. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford St Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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72
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Hwang J, Li P, Smith MD, Shimizu KD. Distance‐Dependent Attractive and Repulsive Interactions of Bulky Alkyl Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8086-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungwun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Ken D. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
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73
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Hwang J, Li P, Smith MD, Shimizu KD. Distance‐Dependent Attractive and Repulsive Interactions of Bulky Alkyl Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungwun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Ken D. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
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74
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Abstract
On the basis of many literature measurements, a critical overview is given on essential noncovalent interactions in synthetic supramolecular complexes, accompanied by analyses with selected proteins. The methods, which can be applied to derive binding increments for single noncovalent interactions, start with the evaluation of consistency and additivity with a sufficiently large number of different host-guest complexes by applying linear free energy relations. Other strategies involve the use of double mutant cycles, of molecular balances, of dynamic combinatorial libraries, and of crystal structures. Promises and limitations of these strategies are discussed. Most of the analyses stem from solution studies, but a few also from gas phase. The empirically derived interactions are then presented on the basis of selected complexes with respect to ion pairing, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic contributions, halogen bonding, π-π-stacking, dispersive forces, cation-π and anion-π interactions, and contributions from the hydrophobic effect. Cooperativity in host-guest complexes as well as in self-assembly, and entropy factors are briefly highlighted. Tables with typical values for single noncovalent free energies and polarity parameters are in the Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Biedermann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Schneider
- FR Organische Chemie der Universität des Saarlandes , D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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75
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Zubair Khalid M, Pallikonda G, Prasad Tulichala R, Chakravarty M. Oxy-Wittig reactions of 1-naphthyl(aryl)methylphosphonates: a new approach to naphthylarylketones. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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76
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Emenike BU, Bey SN, Spinelle RA, Jones JT, Yoo B, Zeller M. Cationic CH⋯π interactions as a function of solvation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:30940-30945. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06800f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The energy of a cationic CH⋯π interaction was measured as a function of solvation using molecular torsion balances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright U. Emenike
- Department of Chemistry & Physics
- State University of New York
- Old Westbury
- USA
| | - Sara N. Bey
- Department of Chemistry & Physics
- State University of New York
- Old Westbury
- USA
| | - Ronald A. Spinelle
- Department of Chemistry & Physics
- State University of New York
- Old Westbury
- USA
| | - Jacob T. Jones
- Department of Chemistry & Physics
- State University of New York
- Old Westbury
- USA
| | - Barney Yoo
- Department of Chemistry
- Hunter College
- City University of New York
- New York
- USA
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77
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Yang L, Brazier JB, Hubbard TA, Rogers DM, Cockroft SL. Can Dispersion Forces Govern Aromatic Stacking in an Organic Solvent? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixu Yang
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - John B. Brazier
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Thomas A. Hubbard
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - David M. Rogers
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Scott L. Cockroft
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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78
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Yang L, Brazier JB, Hubbard TA, Rogers DM, Cockroft SL. Can Dispersion Forces Govern Aromatic Stacking in an Organic Solvent? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:912-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixu Yang
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - John B. Brazier
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Thomas A. Hubbard
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - David M. Rogers
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Scott L. Cockroft
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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79
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Emenike BU, Bey SN, Bigelow BC, Chakravartula SVS. Quantitative model for rationalizing solvent effect in noncovalent CH-Aryl interactions. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1401-1407. [PMID: 29910898 PMCID: PMC5975927 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03550c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a linear relationship between CH–aryl interaction energies and the properties of the solvating media.
The strength of CH–aryl interactions (ΔG) in 14 solvents was determined via the conformational analysis of a molecular torsion balance. The molecular balance adopted folded and unfolded conformers in which the ratio of the conformers in solution provided a quantitative measure of ΔG as a function of solvation. While a single empirical solvent parameter based on solvent polarity failed to explain solvent effect in the molecular balance, it is shown that these ΔG values can be correlated through a multiparameter linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) using the equation introduced by Kamlet and Taft. The resulting LSER equation [ΔG = –0.24 + 0.23α – 0.68β – 0.1π* + 0.09δ]—expresses ΔG as a function of Kamlet–Taft solvent parameters—revealed that specific solvent effects (α and β) are mainly responsible for “tipping” the molecular balance in favour of one conformer over the other, where α represents a solvents' hydrogen-bond acidity and β represents a solvents' hydrogen-bond basicity. Furthermore, using extrapolated data (α and β) and the known π* value for the gas phase, the LSER equation predicted ΔG in the gas phase to be –0.31 kcal mol–1, which agrees with –0.35 kcal mol–1 estimated from DFT-D calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright U Emenike
- Department of Chemistry & Physics , State University of New York , 223 Store Hill Road, Old Westbury , NY 11568 , USA .
| | - Sara N Bey
- Department of Chemistry & Physics , State University of New York , 223 Store Hill Road, Old Westbury , NY 11568 , USA .
| | - Brianna C Bigelow
- Department of Chemistry & Physics , State University of New York , 223 Store Hill Road, Old Westbury , NY 11568 , USA .
| | - Srinivas V S Chakravartula
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Hunter College Graduation Center , City University of New York , 695 Park Avenue New York , NY 10065 , USA
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80
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Yang L, Adam C, Cockroft SL. Quantifying Solvophobic Effects in Nonpolar Cohesive Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10084-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixu Yang
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black
Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Catherine Adam
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black
Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Scott L. Cockroft
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black
Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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